aaafoundation.org

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# AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://aaafoundation.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Research

- [National Survey of Slow Down Move Over Awareness, Attitudes, and Behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/national-survey-of-slow-down-move-over-awareness-attitudes-and-behavior/)
- [Summary of LongROAD Research on Older Drivers from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety: 2017–2025](https://aaafoundation.org/summary-of-longroad-research-on-older-drivers-from-the-aaa-foundation-for-traffic-safety-2017-2025/) - This brief provides a summation of the 24 AAA LongROAD research briefs published to date, which investigated different aspects of participants’ driving habits and safety. The brief concludes with a list of actionable recommendations gleaned from the existing body of work.
- [The Safety Impact of Road Debris: Updated Prevalences of Crashes, Injuries, and Deaths in the United States, 2018–2023](https://aaafoundation.org/the-safety-impact-of-road-debris-updated-prevalences-of-crashes-injuries-and-deaths-in-the-united-states-2018-2023/) - Road debris contributes to many crashes each year. This research estimates the numbers of crashes, injuries, and deaths attributable to road debris, identifies the most common types and sources of debris, and provides insights into prevention and mitigation strategies.
- [Slow Down, Move Over Laws: Investigating Factors Influencing Drivers’ Behavior and Compliance](https://aaafoundation.org/slow-down-move-over-laws-investigating-factors-influencing-drivers-behavior-and-compliance/) - Stranded motorists and the emergency responders who help them face significant risks at the roadside. Slow Down, Move Over laws seek to protect them. This research seeks to identify ways to promote safer driving behaviors and compliance with these laws.
- [Prevalence of Drowsy & Distracted Driving While Using Partial Driving Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-of-drowsy-distracted-driving-while-using-partial-driving-automation/)
- [Examining Traffic Safety across Communities: A National Perspective and Case Studies in Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, and Oregon](https://aaafoundation.org/examining-traffic-safety-across-communities-a-national-perspective-and-case-studies-in-arizona-maryland-north-carolina-and-oregon/) - This project identifies factors contributing to inequities in traffic safety and provides practical recommendations to mitigate disparities where they exist and improve traffic safety across communities.
- [Social and Infrastructure Factors Shaping Road Safety: A Multi-Level Analysis of Crashes in Ohio, Texas, and Washington](https://aaafoundation.org/social-and-infrastructure-factors-shaping-road-safety-a-multi-level-analysis-of-crashes-in-ohio-texas-and-washington/) - This study examined social and infrastructure factors to recommend strategies for improving traffic safety using Ohio, Texas and Washington as case studies.
- [2025 Safe Mobility Conference Proceedings](https://aaafoundation.org/2025-safe-mobility-conference-proceedings/) - This report summarizes presentations from plenary and technical sessions of the 2025 Safe Mobility Conference.
- [Aggressive Driving and Road Rage](https://aaafoundation.org/aggressive-driving-and-road-rage-2/) - This report explores drivers’ experiences of aggressive driving and road rage conveyed in focus group discussions and provides data on the prevalence of self-reported aggressive driving and road rage behaviors based on a survey of a representative sample of U.S. drivers.
- [Roadside Service Vehicles: Effects of Work Light Glare on Worker Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/roadside-service-vehicles-effects-of-work-light-glare-on-worker-safety/)
- [Driving with Partial Driving Automation Systems: Developing Effective Training that Drivers Will Use](https://aaafoundation.org/driving-with-partial-driving-automation-systems-developing-effective-training-that-drivers-will-use/) - Technologies that partially automate some aspects of driving are becoming more common, but most drivers receive little if any training about them. This project sought to determine how to maximize the likelihood that drivers would engage with training about these technologies.
- [Driving While Impaired: Individual, Social, and Contextual Factors that Impact Drivers' Decisions](https://aaafoundation.org/driving-while-impaired-individual-social-and-contextual-factors-that-impact-drivers-decisions/)
- [Effects of Training Content and Approach on Drivers’ Understanding of and Performance with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/effects-of-training-content-and-approach-on-drivers-understanding-of-and-performance-with-advanced-driver-assistance-systems/) - Advanced driver assistance systems have the potential to make driving safer and more comfortable, but it is important for drivers to understand them and use them safely. This report examines how training influences drivers’ understanding of and performance with these systems.
- [Attitudes Towards Impaired Driving Countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/attitudes-towards-impaired-driving-countermeasures/)
- [Novice and Teen Drivers: Nature, Patterns, and Habits](https://aaafoundation.org/novice-and-teen-drivers-nature-patterns-and-habits/)
- [Understanding the Increase in Fatal Hit & Run Crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/understanding-the-increase-in-fatal-hit-run-crashes/)
- [Wrong-Way Crashes: Updates and Trends](https://aaafoundation.org/wrong-way-crashes-updates-and-trends/)
- [Increasing the Use of Smartphone-Limiting Technology to Combat Distracted Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/increasing-the-use-of-smartphone-limiting-technology-to-combat-distracted-driving/) - The current study aimed to understand barriers to using smartphone-limiting technologies to reduce distraction while driving and to examine ways to overcome these barriers through educational materials to improve driver awareness and knowledge of the countermeasures.
- [Prevalence of Various Forms of Distractions and Factors that Influence Driver Engagement](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-of-various-forms-of-distractions-and-factors-that-influence-driver-engagement/)
- [Roadside Assistance Vehicle Lighting: Review of Scientific Research and State Regulations](https://aaafoundation.org/roadside-assistance-vehicle-lighting-review-of-scientific-research-and-state-regulations/) - This project reviews and synthesizes available research on different properties of roadside service vehicle emergency lighting and reviews state regulations that currently guide the selection of warning lights for roadside service vehicles.
- [Alternative Transportation Use and Life Satisfaction Among Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/alternative-transportation-use-and-life-satisfaction-among-older-drivers-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief investigates changes in use of alternative transportation modes and satisfaction with health, family life, and daily life over time among older drivers.
- [Physical Function and Frailty Are Associated with Self-Regulation of Driving among Older Adults: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/physical-function-and-frailty-are-associated-with-self-regulation-of-driving-among-older-adults-a-longroad-study/) - This study examined physical function and frailty, and their association with strategic driving self-regulation, using data from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers study.
- [Does Older Adults’ Self-Regulation of Driving Improve Safety? An Examination of Objective and Subjective Driving Patterns in the AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/does-older-adults-self-regulation-of-driving-improve-safety-an-examination-of-objective-and-subjective-driving-patterns-in-the-aaa-longroad-study/) - This Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) research brief examines the relationship between self-regulation of driving and safety outcomes in older adults using Rapid Deceleration Events and self-reported crashes.
- [A Randomized Field Trial of Smartphone-Based Feedback Designed to Encourage Safe Driving: Comparing Focused and Self-Chosen Goals to Standard Usage-Based Insurance Messaging](https://aaafoundation.org/a-randomized-field-trial-of-smartphone-based-feedback-designed-to-encourage-safe-driving-comparing-focused-and-self-chosen-goals-to-standard-usage-based-insurance-messaging/) - The goal of this research was to examine whether providing feedback and incentives through a smartphone app improves driver safety, and whether greater improvements are possible and sustained by assigning or allowing drivers to choose more focused goals.
- [Development and Validation of Messaging to Deter Cannabis Impaired Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/development-and-validation-of-messaging-to-deter-cannabis-impaired-driving/) - This study interviewed cannabis users to gain a better understanding of attitudes, perceptions, and reasons for driving under the influence in order to inform the development of messages to deter cannabis impaired driving, which were then tested for perceived effectiveness.
- [Examination of Cannabis Users’ Perceptions and Self-Reported Behaviors to Inform Messaging to Deter Impaired Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/examination-of-cannabis-users-perceptions-and-self-reported-behaviors-to-inform-messaging-to-deter-impaired-driving/) - To address the paucity of evidence on strategies to deter driving after cannabis use, this multiphase project interviewed relevant experts and surveyed cannabis users to inform recommendations for public policy stakeholders, law enforcement, and public health professionals.
- [Pedestrian Fatalities on Urban Arterial Roads at Night: An In-Depth Crash Analysis and Three Case Studies](https://aaafoundation.org/pedestrian-fatalities-on-urban-arterial-roads-at-night-an-in-depth-crash-analysis-and-three-case-studies/) - This mixed-method study investigated factors contributing to the increasing trend in pedestrian fatalities in darkness on urban arterials. The report presents the findings in the context of the current body of literature on pedestrian safety and measures to improve it.
- [Cannabis Use, Public Health, and Traffic Safety: Outcomes from the Scientific Literature and Expert Opinion on the Potential Impacts of Rescheduling](https://aaafoundation.org/cannabis-use-public-health-and-traffic-safety-outcomes-from-the-scientific-literature-and-expert-opinion-on-the-potential-impacts-of-rescheduling/) - This study synthesizes existing scientific evidence regarding cannabis use and decriminalization in terms of the factors used to determine drug scheduling under the Controlled Substances Act. Further, it explores expert opinion on potential impacts of cannabis rescheduling.
- [2023 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2023-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The 2023 iteration of the annual Traffic Safety Culture Index describes Americans’ perceptions of, attitudes towards, and engagement in dangerous driving behaviors, and identifies profiles of risky driving.
- [Micromobility and Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/micromobility-and-traffic-safety/)
- [Developing a Near-Miss Reporting System for Roadside Responders](https://aaafoundation.org/developing-a-near-miss-reporting-system-for-roadside-responders-report/) - This report describes the results of research that seeks to explore and identify the elements required for a successful near-miss reporting system as well as some of the inherent challenges.
- [Identifying Outcome Measures to Evaluate Drivers’ Knowledge of Vehicle Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/identifying-outcome-measures-to-evaluate-drivers-knowledge-of-vehicle-automation/) - The main objective of this study was to identify and appraise outcome measures that could be used to assess or infer a driver’s knowledge of advanced vehicle technologies, and by extension, the effectiveness of training and education on these same technologies.
- [Factors that Influence Seat Belt Use](https://aaafoundation.org/factors-that-influence-seat-belt-use/)
- [Attitudes Towards Speeding](https://aaafoundation.org/attitudes-towards-speeding/)
- [Understanding the Increasing Trend in Traffic Fatalities in Urban Areas](https://aaafoundation.org/understanding-the-increasing-trend-in-traffic-fatalities-in-urban-areas/)
- [2024 Safe Mobility Conference Proceedings](https://aaafoundation.org/2024-safe-mobility-conference-proceedings/) - This report summarizes presentations from plenary and technical sessions of the 2024 Safe Mobility Conference.
- [American Driving Survey: 2023](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2023/) - This research brief presents statistics on the amount of driving done by the American public in 2023 based on data from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety’s annual American Driving Survey.
- [A Safe System Guide for Transportation: Successful Examples from Communities in the U.S.](https://aaafoundation.org/a-safe-system-guide-for-transportation-successful-examples-from-communities-in-the-u-s/) - This document presents best practices and examples on the adoption, implementation, and long-term sustainability of the Safe System approach.
- [Consumer Education and Training for Vehicle Automation: Outcomes from an Expert Workshop](https://aaafoundation.org/consumer-education-and-training-for-vehicle-automation-outcomes-from-an-expert-workshop/) - This brief highlights an expert workshop that was convened to have interactive discussions to inform consumer education research and help advance science and knowledge in the space of vehicle automation.
- [Traffic Safety Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fatal Crashes in 2020–2022](https://aaafoundation.org/traffic-safety-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-fatal-crashes-in-2020-2022/) - Traffic fatalities surged during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research highlights the fact that disadvantaged communities bore the brunt of the increase and calls for holistic solutions to promote equitable access to safe transportation.
- [ADAS and Automation Safety Considerations Beyond the Original Purchaser](https://aaafoundation.org/adas-and-automation-safety-considerations-beyond-the-original-purchaser/)
- [Traffic Safety Impacts of Policies that Reduce Police-Motorist Interactions](https://aaafoundation.org/traffic-safety-impacts-of-policies-that-reduce-police-motorist-interactions/)
- [Uncovering the Spillover Effect from Posted Speed Limit Changes: A Tool to Examine Potential Safety Concerns](https://aaafoundation.org/uncovering-the-spillover-effect-from-posted-speed-limit-changes-a-tool-to-examine-potential-safety-concerns/) - This research employed a systematic exploration of the literature and spatial analysis to uncover speed-related crashes on roadways adjacent to Interstate highways with newly increased posted speed limits.
- [Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021](https://aaafoundation.org/drowsy-driving-in-fatal-crashes-united-states-2017-2021/) - The contribution of drowsy driving to motor vehicle crashes is difficult to measure. This study uses data from a sample of in-depth crash investigations to develop a model to estimate the percentage of fatal crashes nationwide that involve drowsy driving.
- [Countermeasures for Distracted Driving: An Exploration Beyond the Scientific Literature](https://aaafoundation.org/countermeasures-for-distracted-driving-an-exploration-beyond-the-scientific-literature/) - This report presents a comprehensive review of current efforts by national, state, local, and international organizations at implementing countermeasures to address driver distraction.
- [Older American Drivers and Traffic Safety Culture: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/older-american-drivers-traffic-safety-culture-longroad-study/) - This study examines the extent and nature of the variability in driving behaviors and safety-related attitudes among older drivers, using data from the AAA Foundation’s annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey.
- [Countermeasures Against Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drug-Impaired Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/countermeasures-against-prescription-and-over-the-counter-drug-impaired-driving/) - This report describes prescription and over-the-counter countermeasures related to pharmacy and medical; data recording and toxicology; law enforcement and judicial; and education and advertising.
- [AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Data User Guide](https://aaafoundation.org/aaa-longitudinal-research-on-aging-drivers-longroad-data-user-guide/) - This document serves as the data user guide for the 5-year multi-site AAA LongROAD prospective cohort study of 2,990 drivers aged 65–79 at baseline.
- [Roadside Assistance Providers Fatally Struck by Vehicles at the Roadside: Incidence and Characteristics](https://aaafoundation.org/roadside-assistance-providers-fatally-struck-by-vehicles-at-the-roadside-incidence-and-characteristics/) - Roadside assistance providers risk their own safety to help stranded motorists. This report examines crashes in which roadside assistance providers were struck and killed by vehicles, to inform efforts to protect them.
- [2022 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2022-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The 2022 iteration of the annual Traffic Safety Culture Index describes Americans’ perceptions of, attitudes towards and engagement in dangerous driving behaviors and identifies profiles of risky driving.
- [Use, Learning and Perceptions of In-Vehicle Technologies, and Vehicle Adaptations among Older Drivers: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/use-learning-perceptions-vehicle-technologies-vehicle-adaptations-among-older-drivers-longroad-study/) - This research explores the characteristics of older adults who engage in rehabilitation to improve their driving, specifically age, gender, marital status, health status, and physical function.
- [In-Vehicle Technology Use and Associated Factors Among Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/in-vehicle-technology-use-and-associated-factors-among-older-drivers/) - This study examines the prevalence and frequency of use of in-vehicle technologies as well as the relationships between technology-use frequency and associated factors among a subset of AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (AAA LongROAD) participants.
- [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Older Drivers: Changes in Prevalence, Use, and Perceptions Over 3 Years of the AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/advanced-driver-assistance-systems-and-older-drivers-changes-in-prevalence-use-and-perceptions-over-3-years-of-the-aaa-longroad-study/) - This study examines changes in the prevalence of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) among a large sample of older drivers, as well changes in how these drivers perceived and learned to use ADAS.
- [Objective Driving Data in the LongROAD Study: An Overview of Changes to Data Collection Procedures from a Datalogger to a Travel App](https://aaafoundation.org/objective-driving-data-in-the-longroad-study-an-overview-of-changes-to-data-collection-procedures-from-a-datalogger-to-a-travel-app/) - This research brief describes changes to the procedures for collection of objective driving data in the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Study.
- [Effects of Hearing Impairment on Driving Exposure and Patterns Among a Large Cohort of Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/effects-of-hearing-impairment-on-driving-exposure-and-patterns-among-a-large-cohort-of-older-drivers-aaa-longroad-study/) - This brief examines the effects of hearing impairment, alone and in combination with cognitive and/or visual impairment, on the driving exposure and patterns of older drivers.
- [Older Drivers and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/older-drivers-and-advanced-driver-assistance-systems/) - This research brief describes the efforts to address questions on driver perception of and learning methods for advanced driver assistance systems using data from AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (AAA LongROAD) studies.
- [Predictors of Rapid Deceleration Events among Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/predictors-of-rapid-deceleration-events-among-older-drivers-aaa-longroad-study/) - This brief examines the relationship between hard braking events (known as rapid deceleration events (RDEs)) and safety-related outcome measures such as near crashes and declining functional abilities.
- [Perceived Social Support Differences between Male and Female Older Adults who have Reduced Driving: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/perceived-social-support-differences-between-male-and-female-older-adults-who-have-reduced-driving-aaa-longroad-study/) - The research in this brief examines perceived social support among older drivers who have recently reduced their driving.
- [The Role of Driving Comfort in Self-Regulation among a Large Cohort of Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/the-role-of-driving-comfort-in-self-regulation-among-a-large-cohort-of-older-drivers-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines the direct effects of driving comfort on self-regulation and the role of driving comfort combined with age, sex, and perceived abilities in predicting four of the most common self-regulatory driving situations.
- [The Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/impact-driving-cessation-older-adults-longroad/) - This research brief examines whether there are urban-rural differences in how older adults rate the potential impact that driving cessation would have on their lives.
- [The Association of Frailty with Driving Habits Among Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/the-association-of-frailty-with-driving-habits-among-older-adults-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines the association of frailty status with driving habits. If frailty is associated with driving habit outcomes, interventions targeted at preventing or reducing the symptoms of frailty may lead to improved mobility among older adults.
- [Relationship Between Driving Habits and Health-Related Quality of Life: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/relationship-between-driving-habits-and-health-related-quality-of-life-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines driving habits and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in an older population. The health-related quality of life is important in understanding the mental, social and physical well-being of individuals.
- [Demographic Differences in Use of Alternate Transportation Among Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/demographic-differences-in-use-of-alternate-transportation-among-older-drivers-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines the types and number of alternate sources of transportation used by healthy, older drivers.
- [Patterns of Self-Reported Driving While Intoxicated Among Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/patterns-of-self-reported-driving-while-intoxicated-among-older-adults-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines the prevalence of self-reported alcohol use and alcohol use while driving as well as sociodemographic, health and behavioral factors associated with alcohol use while driving.
- [Objectively Derived and Self-Reported Measures of Driving Exposure and Patterns Among Older Adults: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/objectively-derived-self-reported-measures-driving-exposure-patterns-older-adults-longroad/) - This research brief examines self-reported and objectively derived measures of driving in an older population.
- [Medication Use in Older Adult Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/medication-use-in-older-adult-drivers-findings-from-the-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief examines the amount and types of medications used by older drivers. Many of these medications have been associated with increased crash risk.
- [Prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Drivers: AAA LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-of-potentially-inappropriate-medication-use-in-older-drivers-findings-from-the-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief asses the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older adults that is associated with high levels morbidity, mortality and health care expenditures.
- [The Relationship Between Visual Abilities and Driving Habits Among Older Drivers: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/the-relationship-between-visual-abilities-and-driving-habits-among-older-drivers-a-longroad-study/) - This research brief assesses driving habits related to visual function using objective measures of driving amongst older driver participants in the LongROAD study.
- [Discussions with Older Family Members about Safe Driving: Findings from the AAA LongROAD study](https://aaafoundation.org/discussions-with-older-family-members-about-safe-driving-findings-from-the-aaa-longroad-study/) - This research brief presents findings on the frequency of, and reasons for, older drivers having discussions with family members about safe driving.
- [Observed Maintenance, Damage, Technologies, and Adaptations among Vehicles of Older Drivers: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/observed-maintenance-damage-technologies-and-adaptations-among-vehicles-of-older-drivers-a-longroad-study/) - Using baseline data from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study, this research brief describes general vehicle information, maintenance, damage, and presence of in-vehicle advanced technologies and aftermarket adaptations.
- [Musculoskeletal Conditions and Related Driving Reduction Among Older Drivers: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/musculoskeletal-conditions-related-driving-reduction-among-older-drivers-longroad-study/) - This Research Brief investigates the relationship between lifetime musculoskeletal conditions and reduction in driving in the past year.
- [The Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Study: Understanding the Design and Methods](https://aaafoundation.org/longitudinal-research-aging-drivers-longroad-study-understanding-design-methods/) - This Research Brief describes the overall design and methods of the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study--a large-scale prospective cohort study of drivers ages 65+, and succinctly presents the numerous kinds of information being collected from participants.
- [Marijuana Use in Older Drivers in Colorado: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/marijuana-use-in-older-drivers-in-colorado-a-longroad-study/) - This research brief describes marijuana use and its relationship to self-reported driving outcomes among older drivers using baseline data from the Colorado cohort of the LongROAD study.
- [A Safe System Guide for Transportation: Sharing this Approach to Lead Your Community to Action](https://aaafoundation.org/a-safe-system-guide-for-transportation-sharing-this-approach-to-lead-your-community-to-action/) - This document presents recommendations for framing Safe System interventions to facilitate public acceptance and support.
- [Mapping Comprehension of ADAS across Different Road Users](https://aaafoundation.org/mapping-comprehension-of-adas-across-different-road-users/) - This survey study examined how level of knowledge of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) varied by driver type, experience, perceptions regarding vehicle technology, attitudes and preferences towards education, and confidence, among others.
- [A Multi-Method Approach to Understanding Drivers’ Experiences and Behavior Under Partial Vehicle Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/a-multi-method-approach-to-understanding-drivers-experiences-and-behavior-under-partial-vehicle-automation-2/) - This study used three different approaches—experimental, naturalistic, and survey—to investigate how drivers interact with and adapt to vehicle automation systems in real-world scenarios over an extended period of time.
- [American Driving Survey](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey/)
- [Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [American Driving Survey: 2022](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2022/) - This research brief presents statistics on the amount of driving done by the American public in 2022 based on data from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety’s annual American Driving Survey.
- [Measuring and Predicting Drivers’ Takeover Readiness and Supporting Takeover Transitions in Automated Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-and-predicting-drivers-takeover-readiness-and-supporting-takeover-transitions-in-automated-driving/) - This report highlights two studies aimed at facilitating takeover transitions in Level 3 automation, including an examination of factors predictive of driver takeover readiness as well as a gaze guidance system that supports attention during control takeovers.
- [Examining the Safety Benefits of Partial Vehicle Automation Technologies  in an Uncertain Future](https://aaafoundation.org/examining-the-safety-benefits-of-partial-vehicle-automation-technologies-in-an-uncertain-future/) - Advanced driver assistance systems will prevent crashes and save lives. However, many factors will influence the size of the benefits and how quickly they accrue. This report estimates how many crashes, injuries, and deaths these systems will prevent over the next 30 years.
- [Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: The Effect of HMI Design on Driver Performance and Behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/human-machine-interfaces-and-vehicle-automation-the-effect-of-hmi-design-on-driver-performance-and-behavior/) - The purpose of this study was to examine driver responses to two different human-machine interfaces, which consisted of different auditory and visual warning messages and timing, designed for different automated driving levels and scenarios.
- [A Multi-Site Examination for the Impact of Changes in Posted Speed Limit on Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/a-multi-site-examination-for-the-impact-of-changes-in-posted-speed-limit-on-traffic-safety/) - This study examined the effects of posted speed limit changes on traffic safety by conducting before-and-after assessments using crash and speed data from multiple sites.
- [Change in Mental Models of ADAS in Relation to Quantity and Quality of Exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/change-in-mental-models-of-adas-in-relation-to-quantity-and-quality-of-exposure/) - This longitudinal driving simulator study assesses how exposure to different amounts and types of edge-case events influence the development and accuracy of drivers’ understanding of vehicle automation.
- [Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Automated Vehicles, United States, 2021: Examining the Alignment Between Preferences for Adoption and Perceived Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/perceptions-and-attitudes-towards-automated-vehicles-united-states-2021-examining-the-alignment-between-preferences-for-adoption-and-perceived-safety/) - This study examined how well people’s attitudes regarding automated vehicles adoption were aligned with their perceptions of the safety of driving or riding in automated vehicles.
- [Impact of Speeds on Drivers and Vehicles – Results from Crash Tests](https://aaafoundation.org/impact-of-speeds-on-drivers-and-vehicles-results-from-crash-tests/) - This study examines how vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection degrade as impact speeds increase. The results and implications in this report provide valuable information for those who advocate for safety considerations when setting maximum posted speed limits.
- [Drowsiness and Decision Making During Long Drives: A Driving Simulation Study](https://aaafoundation.org/drowsiness-and-decision-making-during-long-drives-a-driving-simulation-study/) - This report presents the results of a driving simulation study designed to assess the extent to which drowsy drivers are aware of their own drowsiness as well as factors influencing their decisions regarding whether to continue driving or stop for a break.
- [Protecting Roadside Workers: Field Evaluation of Flares, Cones, and Tow Truck Light Patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/protecting-roadside-workers-field-evaluation-of-flares-cones-and-tow-trucks/) - This report documents a study with three aims: evaluate the effectiveness of flares or cones in combination with two different tow truck lighting systems; survey workers regarding use of flares and cones; and document available and potential countermeasures.
- [User Interactions with Vehicle Automation Technologies: A Review of Previous Research and a Proposed Framework](https://aaafoundation.org/user-interactions-with-vehicle-automation-technologies-a-review-of-previous-research-and-a-proposed-framework/) - This research brief reviews recent research and proposes a framework on user perceptions, understanding, and interactions with vehicle automation technology.
- [American Driving Survey, 2020–2021](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2020-2021/) - This Research Brief presents updated statistics on the amount of driving done by the American public in 2020 & 2021 based on data from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety’s annual American Driving Survey.
- [Protecting Roadside Workers: Field Evaluation of a Vehicle-Mounted Variable Message Sign and Examination of Worker Perceptions and Use of Countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/protecting-roadside-workers-field-evaluation-of-a-vehicle-mounted-variable-message-sign-and-examination-of-worker-perceptions-and-use-of-countermeasures/) - This project assesses the effectiveness of a vehicle-mounted variable message sign in promoting safer behaviors in passing motorists. The study also examined workers’ perceptions and adoption or use of different countermeasures.
- [Traffic Safety Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fatal Crashes Relative to Pre-Pandemic Trends, United States, May–December 2020](https://aaafoundation.org/traffic-safety-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-fatal-crashes-relative-to-pre-pandemic-trends-united-states-may-december-2020/) - The number of traffic fatalities increased significantly in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. This Research Brief identifies crash-, vehicle-, and driver-related factors that contributed most to the increase in traffic fatalities.
- [2021 Virtual Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users: A Summary Report](https://aaafoundation.org/2021-virtual-forum-on-the-impact-of-vehicle-technologies-and-automation-on-users-a-summary-report/) - This report summarizes presentations, discussion, and outcomes from a virtual stakeholder forum on the impact of 21st-century automotive technologies on users.
- [2022 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users: A Summary Report](https://aaafoundation.org/2022-forum-on-the-impact-of-vehicle-technologies-and-automation-on-users-a-summary-report/) - This report summarizes presentations, discussion, and outcomes from a stakeholder forum on the impact of 21st-century automotive technologies on users.
- [2021 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2021-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The 2021 iteration of the annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey provides insights into the magnitude of discordance between drivers’ attitudes/perceptions and their engagement in unsafe driving behaviors.
- [Human-Machine Interfaces and Vehicle Automation: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations for System Design, Feedback, and Alerts](https://aaafoundation.org/human-machine-interfaces-and-vehicle-automation-a-review-of-the-literature-and-recommendations-for-system-design-feedback-and-alerts/) - The purpose of this study was to review and synthesize existing research and guidance on HMI design for driving automation systems and to propose a set of recommendations that could inform future system development and implementation.
- [Examining the Increase in Pedestrian Fatalities in the United States, 2009–2018](https://aaafoundation.org/examining-the-increase-in-pedestrian-fatalities-in-the-united-states-2009-2018/) - This research examines the increase in pedestrian fatalities from 2009 to 2018 through analysis of changes in the presence of certain pedestrian, driver, vehicle, and environmental factors.
- [Improving Roadside Responder Crash Data: Outcomes from an Expert Roundtable Discussion](https://aaafoundation.org/improving-roadside-responder-crash-data-outcomes-from-an-expert-roundtable-discussion/) - This brief highlights a roundtable discussion that sought to identify ways to improve data about the safety of incident response and emergency services personnel working on the side of the road. Recommendations are made based on information provided by the panel of experts.
- [An Examination of How Longer-Term Exposure and User Experiences Affect Drivers' Mental Models of ADAS Technology](https://aaafoundation.org/an-examination-of-how-longer-term-exposure-and-user-experiences-affect-drivers-mental-models-of-adas-technology/) - This project assesses the understanding or mental models of naïve users of adaptive cruise control (ACC) and evaluate how their mental models change with exposure to the systems over the first six months of ownership.
- [Countermeasures to Reduce Drowsy Driving: Results of a Literature Review and Discussions with Experts](https://aaafoundation.org/countermeasures-to-reduce-drowsy-driving-results-of-a-literature-review-and-discussions-with-experts/) - This report presents the results of a literature review and discussions with experts to summarize the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of countermeasures intended to reduce drowsy driving and the associated motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths.
- [Traffic Fatalities on Urban Roads and Streets in Relation to Speed Limits and Speeding, United States, 2010–2019](https://aaafoundation.org/traffic-fatalities-on-urban-roads-and-streets-in-relation-to-speed-limits-and-speeding-united-states-2010-2019/) - This research brief examines characteristics of traffic fatalities on urban roads and streets in relation to various factors, with an emphasis on the speed limits present at crash locations, as well as the role of speeding.
- [Use of Potentially Impairing Medications in Relation to Driving, United States, 2021](https://aaafoundation.org/use-of-potentially-impairing-medications-in-relation-to-driving-united-states-2021/) - This study investigates the prevalence of recent use of potentially driver impairing medications and driving after use among U.S. drivers.
- [Public Understanding and Perception of Automated Vehicles, United States, 2018 – 2020](https://aaafoundation.org/public-understanding-and-perception-of-automated-vehicles-united-states-2018-2020/) - This research brief continues examining public trust in, adoption of, and concerns about different levels of automated vehicles by looking into the dynamics of these measures over time.
- [Effectiveness of Distracted Driving Countermeasures: An Expanded and Updated Review of the Scientific and Gray Literatures](https://aaafoundation.org/effectiveness-of-distracted-driving-countermeasures-an-expanded-and-updated-review-of-the-scientific-and-gray-literatures/) - This review of literature augments the findings of our prior review with the most recent publications concerning safety-based outcome measures, the current state of knowledge regarding non-safety-based outcome measures, and a review of commercially available relevant apps.
- [Self-Reported Risky Driving in Relation to Changes in Amount of Driving During the COVID-19 Pandemic](https://aaafoundation.org/self-reported-risky-driving-in-relation-to-changes-in-amount-of-driving-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/) - This study examines the prevalence of self-reported risky driving behaviors of drivers who increased their driving during the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with those who reduced or did not change how much they drove.
- [2020 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2020-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The 2020 iteration of the annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey provides insights on public engagement in unsafe driving behaviors and related attitudes and perceptions in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to previous years.
- [Expectations and Understanding of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems among Drivers, Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and Public Transit Riders](https://aaafoundation.org/expectations-and-understanding-of-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-among-drivers-pedestrians-bicyclists-and-public-transit-riders/) - The current study examines the perceptions, understanding and expectations of other road users (bicyclists, pedestrians, transit riders) regarding current advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), as well as more highly automated future technologies.
- [Travel in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic](https://aaafoundation.org/travel-in-the-united-states-before-and-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/) - This research brief aims to quantify month-to-month changes in average daily travel from July 2019 through December 2020 using data from the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety’s New American Driving Survey.
- [A Pilot Sentinel Surveillance System for Drug Use by Drivers in Crashes—Lessons Learned and Recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/a-pilot-sentinel-surveillance-system-for-drug-use-by-drivers-in-crashes-lessons-learned-and-recommendations/) - This research brief describes the pilot testing, related lessons learned, and barriers encountered in the development and implementation of a sentinel surveillance system for drug use by drivers in crashes.
- [Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies: A Proposed Framework for Identifying and Predicting Operator Errors](https://aaafoundation.org/drivers-mental-models-of-advanced-vehicle-technologies-a-proposed-framework-for-identifying-and-predicting-operator-errors/) - This project proposes a framework for identifying and predicting operator errors when using advanced vehicle technology, such as active driving assistance systems. This research also examined the reporting of system limitations by automobile manufacturers.
- [New American Driving Survey: Updated Methodology and Results from July 2019 to June 2020](https://aaafoundation.org/new-american-driving-survey-updated-methodology-and-results-from-july-2019-to-june-2020/) - The New American Driving Survey collects and examines national-level data on the driving habits and patterns of the American public, in response to the need for driving exposure information in quantifying traffic risks.
- [Fatal Wrong-Way Crashes on Divided Highways](https://aaafoundation.org/fatal-wrong-way-crashes-on-divided-highways/) - This brief explores fatal wrong-way crashes and factors associated with these incidents.
- [Users’ Trust in and Concerns about Automated Driving Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/users-trust-in-and-concerns-about-automated-driving-systems/) - This brief examines people’s trust and potential adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). It also assesses how people’s concerns about different levels of AVs differ in relation to their degree of trust in AVs to prevent crashes.
- [Identifying Policy Approaches to Extending the Safe Mobility of Older Adults](https://aaafoundation.org/identifying-policy-approaches-to-extending-the-safe-mobility-of-older-adults/) - The objective of this project was to examine effective policies and practices in driver licensing of older and medically at-risk drivers and offer practical guidance to driver licensing officials and policymakers.
- [A Simulator-Based Evaluation of Two Hazard Anticipation Training Programs for Novice Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/a-simulator-based-evaluation-of-two-hazard-anticipation-training-programs-for-novice-drivers/) - Young novice drivers have higher crash rates than drivers of any other age. This research examines the effects of two computer-based training programs that seek to improve inexperienced drivers’ ability to detect and respond to hazards on the road.
- [Impact of Information on Consumer Understanding of a Partially Automated Driving System](https://aaafoundation.org/impact-of-information-on-consumer-understanding-of-a-partially-automated-driving-system/) - Subtle differences in consumer information can exert powerful influence on consumer expectations and understanding of active driving assistance systems. This study highlights the importance of ensuring that materials are not only technically accurate but also balanced.
- [Driver’s Arousal and Workload under Partial Vehicle Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/drivers-arousal-and-workload-under-partial-vehicle-automation/) - This research examines driver workload and arousal when driving different vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In an on-road study, drivers from two age groups drove on different road types under manual or automated conditions.
- [2019 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2019-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The Traffic Safety Culture Index (TSCI) is a nationally representative survey that has been conducted annually since 2008 to identify American drivers’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to traffic safety issues.
- [The Impact of Driver’s Mental Models of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Safety and Performance](https://aaafoundation.org/the-impact-of-drivers-mental-models-of-advanced-vehicle-technologies-on-safety-and-performance/) - This research examines how the quality of a driver’s understanding of advanced vehicle technology, also known as a mental model, impacts his or her performance and safety. Drivers with weak or strong mental models encountered safety-critical events in a driving simulator.
- [Evidence-Based Behavior Change Campaigns to Improve Traffic Safety Toolkit](https://aaafoundation.org/evidence-based-behavior-change-campaigns-to-improve-traffic-safety-toolkit/) - The Evidence-Based Behavior Change Campaigns to Improve Traffic Safety Toolkit is a hands-on resource designed for traffic safety practitioners to develop behavior change campaigns that are both evidence-based and effective.
- [Age-Related Differences in the Cognitive, Visual and Temporal Demands of In-Vehicle Information Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/age-related-differences-in-the-cognitive-visual-and-temporal-demands-of-in-vehicle-information-systems/) - This research examines age-related differences in the visual, cognitive and temporal demands associated with common in-vehicle tasks using the native infotainment systems found in 6 model year 2018 vehicles.
- [2019 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users – Design and Safety Implications: A Summary Report](https://aaafoundation.org/2019-forum-on-the-impact-of-vehicle-technologies-and-automation-on-users-design-and-safety-implications-a-summary-report/) - This report summarizes presentations, discussion, and outcomes from a stakeholder forum on the impact of 21st-century automotive technologies on design and safety implications.
- [Older Driver Licensing Policies and Practices Database Update](https://aaafoundation.org/older-driver-licensing-policies-and-practices-database-update/) - This project documented current, relevant driver licensing practices and policies for all 50 states and the District of Columbia in order to update and expand the Driver Licensing Policies and Practices database.
- [Users’ Understanding of Automated Vehicles and Perception to Improve Traffic Safety –Results from a National Survey](https://aaafoundation.org/users-understanding-of-automated-vehicles-and-perception-to-improve-traffic-safety-results-from-a-national-survey/) - This study examines people’s perceptions and expectations of automated vehicle (AV) technologies. While there is a relatively large volume of literature studying people’s perceptions of AVs, there has been limited attention paid to the source of their distrust and discomfort.
- [Enhancing Drugged Driving Data: State-Level Recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/enhancing-drugged-driving-data-state-level-recommendations/) - This report presents the results of state-by-state analysis identifying the specific legislative, regulatory and/or resource changes required for states to align with recommended policies and practices.
- [Visual and Cognitive Demands of Using Apple CarPlay, Google’s Android Auto and Five Different OEM Infotainment Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/visual-cognitive-demands-apples-carplay-googles-android-auto-oem-infotainment-systems/) - This research examines the visual and cognitive demand associated with common in-vehicle tasks using Apple’s CarPlay, Google’s Android Auto as well as the native infotainment systems found in 5 model year 2017/18 vehicles.
- [Cannabis Use Among Drivers in Fatal Crashes in Washington State Before and After Legalization](https://aaafoundation.org/cannabis-use-among-drivers-in-fatal-crashes-in-washington-state-before-and-after-legalization/) - This study examines marijuana involvement in fatal crashes in Washington State before and after recreational use of cannabis became legal in the state.
- [Prevalence of Marijuana Involvement in Fatal Crashes: Washington, 2010-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-marijuana-use-among-drivers-fatal-crashes-washington-2010-2014/) - This study quantifies the prevalence of marijuana involvement in fatal crashes in the state of Washington in years 2010 – 2014, and examines whether the prevalence changed after the legalization of recreational use of marijuana took effect in the state.
- [Data Necessary to Develop a Sentinel Surveillance System for Drug Use by Drivers in Crashes: A Review of the Existing Landscape](https://aaafoundation.org/data-necessary-to-develop-a-sentinel-surveillance-system-for-drug-use-by-drivers-in-crashes-a-review-of-the-existing-landscape/) - This research brief examines the ways to develop a sentinel surveillance system.
- [Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: State-by-State Assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/advancing-drugged-driving-data-at-the-state-level-state-by-state-assessment/) - This study assessed current policies and practices in all 50 states and the District of Columbia as related to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety’s publication Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: Synthesis of Barriers and Expert Panel Recommendations (2016).
- [Advancing Drugged Driving Data at the State Level: Synthesis of Barriers and Expert Panel Recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/advancing-drugged-driving-data-at-the-state-level-synthesis-of-barriers-and-expert-panel-recommendations/) - The objective of this project is to identify and recommend strategies for improving state-level data on drugged driving by addressing the most significant barriers that impede state efforts to collect and compile such data.
- [The Effect of Extending Graduated Driver Licensing to Older Novice Drivers in Indiana](https://aaafoundation.org/the-effect-of-extending-graduated-driver-licensing-to-older-novice-drivers-in-indiana/) - In 2015, Indiana extended its Graduated Driver Licensing system, previously only applicable to new drivers younger than 18, to all new drivers under age 21. This study examines the crash rates of new Indiana drivers first licensed at ages 18-20 before and after that change.
- [Detection Windows for Drugs in Oral Fluid: Cannabinoids, Stimulants, and Opioids](https://aaafoundation.org/detection-windows-for-drugs-in-oral-fluid-cannabinoids-stimulants-and-opioids/) - The objective of this research brief is to assess the literature on oral fluid detection times to address how long after a person uses a drug it can be detected in oral fluid, and what factors may influence detection times.
- [Understanding the Impact of Technology: Do Advanced Driver Assistance and Semi-Automated Vehicle Systems Lead to Improper Driving Behavior?](https://aaafoundation.org/understanding-the-impact-of-technology-do-advanced-driver-assistance-and-semi-automated-vehicle-systems-lead-to-improper-driving-behavior/) - This research examines driver behavior when driving vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), such as adaptive cruise control or lane-keep assist. Information regarding driver behaviors was drawn from two naturalistic driving studies.
- [Effectiveness of Distracted Driving Countermeasures: A Review of the Literature](https://aaafoundation.org/effectiveness-of-distracted-driving-countermeasures-a-review-of-the-literature/) - This research brief reviews the current scientific evidence concerning the effectiveness of existing and emerging countermeasures against distracted driving.
- [Prevalence and Timing of Driver Licensing Among  Young Adults, United States, 2019](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-and-timing-of-driver-licensing-among-young-adults-united-states-2019/) - A survey of young adults ages 18-24 finds that 41% licensed at or before age 16, and 60% before age 18. Factors associated with licensing at younger versus older ages are discussed.
- [2018 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2018-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This annual Traffic Safety Culture Index (TSCI), a nationally representative survey, has been conducted to identify and assess key indicators regarding American drivers’ attitudes toward and behaviors regarding traffic safety, since 2008.
- [Drug Evaluation and Classification: Review of the Program and Opportunities for Enhancement](https://aaafoundation.org/drug-evaluation-and-classification-review-of-the-program-and-opportunities-for-enhancement/) - The purpose of this project was to identify areas where potential modifications could be implemented to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program.
- [Hit-and-Run Crashes: Prevalence, Contributing Factors and Countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/hit-and-run-crashes-prevalence-contributing-factors-and-countermeasures/) - Hit-and-run crashes and fatalities rates have been increasing at an alarming rate.
- [American Driving Survey, 2015 – 2016](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2015-2016/) - This Research Brief provides highlights from the AAA Foundation’s 2016 American Driving Survey, which quantifies the daily driving of the general public in the United States. Comparisons to data from 2015 are also provided.
- [Review of Current Practices for Setting Posted Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/review-of-current-practice-for-setting-posted-speed-limits/) - The aim of this study is to investigate the current practice of how speed limits are set across the country and to understand how the process impacts the traffic environment and drivers’ behaviors.
- [Assessing the Feasibility of Evaluating the Legal Implications of Marijuana Per Se Statutes in the Criminal Justice System](https://aaafoundation.org/assessing-feasibility-evaluating-legal-implications-marijuana-per-se-statutes-criminal-justice-system/) - This research assesses the feasibility of studying the effect of non-zero-tolerance per se limits for cannabis on the legal system.
- [Leveraging and Enhancing Alcohol Countermeasures to Reduce Drugged Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/enhancing-alcohol-countermeasures-reduce-drugged-driving/) - Two research briefs describe a project that solicited input from subject matter experts across the U.S. regarding the potential for alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures to be adapted as drugged or drug-impaired driving countermeasures.
- [American Driving Survey, 2014 – 2017](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2014-2017/) - The American Driving Survey collects and analyzes data related to driving patterns of the public in the United States. This brief summarized the results based on data collected from 2016 through 2017 compared to those collected from 2014 through 2015.
- [Vehicle Owners’ Experiences with and Reactions to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/vehicle-owners-experiences-reactions-advanced-driver-assistance-systems/) - This report presents the results of a survey of over 1,200 owners of vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). The data reflects owners’ opinions about, understanding of, and experiences with the ADAS technologies.
- [Nationwide Review of Graduated Driver Licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/nationwide-review-graduated-driver-licensing/) - This study examines the impact of graduated driver licensing programs on rates of fatal and injury crashes of 16-year-old drivers.
- [2018 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Vulnerable Road Users and Driver Behavior and Performance: A Summary Report](https://aaafoundation.org/2018-forum-on-the-impact-of-vehicle-technologies-and-automation-on-vulnerable-road-users-and-driver-behavior-and-performance-a-summary-report/) - This report summarizes presentations, discussion, and outcomes from a stakeholder forum on the impact of 21st-century automotive technologies on vulnerable road users and on driver behavior and performance.
- [Measuring Changes in Teenage Driver Crash Characteristics During the Early Months of Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-changes-teenage-driver-crash-characteristics-early-months-driving/) - This study involved in-depth examination of how rates of involvement in specific types of crashes change over time as new drivers gain experience, to improve our understanding of how driver education and graduated driver licensing systems could better prepare new drivers.
- [Assessing Fatality Rates in Crash Involvement for Motorists and Non-Motorists in Teen Driver Crashes by Risk Factor](https://aaafoundation.org/assessing-fatality-rates-in-crash-involvement-for-motorists-and-non-motorists-in-teen-driver-crashes-by-risk-factor/) - This research brief presents findings from the 2016 FARS and CRSS database assessing the rate of fatalities for different individuals, and different risk factors involved in a teen driver crash
- [2017 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2017-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - The Traffic Safety Culture Index is an annual survey, identifying driver’s attitudes and behaviors related to traffic safety. Road safety topics covered include speeding, red light running, seat belt use, distracted, drowsy and drunk driving.
- [Impact Speed and a Pedestrian's Risk of Severe Injury or Death](https://aaafoundation.org/impact-speed-pedestrians-risk-severe-injury-death/) - This study examines how vehicle speed influences the probability that a pedestrian struck by a vehicle will sustain severe injuries or die.
- [Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess the Prevalence of Environmental Factors and Driver Behaviors in Teen Driver Crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/using-naturalistic-driving-data-assess-prevalence-environmental-factors-driver-behaviors-teen-driver-crashes/) - This study examined the driving behaviors and environmental characteristics observed in a large sample of teen driver crashes captured on in-vehicle video cameras.
- [Associations Between Falls and Driving Outcomes in Older Adults: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/associations-falls-driving-outcomes-older-adults-longroad-study/) - This study examines the relationship between falls and subsequent motor vehicle crash involvement among older drivers.
- [Telematics, Safety Defects, and Connected Vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/telematics-safety-defects-connected-vehicles/) - This report investigates the possibilities of using embedded vehicle sensor technology to support identification of safety related defects to assist stakeholders with vehicle safety oversite.
- [The Transition to Unsupervised Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/transition-unsupervised-driving/) - This study examines data from in-vehicle cameras to investigate how the driving done by new teenage drivers differs during their first few months of independent driving versus when they had learner's permits and were driving under the supervision of their parents.
- [Potential Reduction in Crashes, Injuries and Deaths from Large-Scale Deployment of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/potential-reduction-in-crashes-injuries-and-deaths-from-large-scale-deployment-of-advanced-driver-assistance-systems/) - A synthesis of existing research on the potential safety benefits of selected Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) providing new estimates of the numbers of crashes, injuries, and deaths that such systems could potentially help prevent.
- [Properly and Effectively Adjudicating Drugged Drivers: The Development of Online Curricula](https://aaafoundation.org/properly-adjudicating-drugged-drivers-online-curricula/) - In order to expand access to training in drugged driving adjudication, the AAA Foundation funded the development and production of online courses for judges and prosecutors.
- [Development and Pilot Testing of the Driving Check-Up: Expanding the Continuum of Services Available to Assist Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/driving-check-up/) - This report describes the development and initial pilot testing of the Driving Check-Up, a model program for a driving-school evaluation of driving knowledge and skills for older adults.
- [Orientation Sessions for Parents of Young Novice Drivers:  An Assessment of U.S. Programs and Recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/orientation-sessions-parents-young-novice-drivers-programs-recommendations/) - Based on a review of existing programs and the available scientific literature, this project provides recommendations to enhance parent orientation sessions that are part of the teen driver training and licensing process.
- [Evaluation of New Jersey's Graduated Driver Licensing System](https://aaafoundation.org/evaluation-new-jerseys-graduated-driver-licensing-system/) - This study examines the impact of New Jersey's Graduated Driver Licensing system on the crash involvement rates of teenage drivers in the state.
- [USRAP Pilot Program Phase III](https://aaafoundation.org/usrap-pilot-program-phase-iii/) - This report details US Road Assessment Program pilot studies performed in Illinois, Kentucky, New Mexico, and Utah, and also presents the results of a validation study of the usRAP star rating protocol using data from Iowa and Washington.
- [2010 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2010-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of the AAA Foundation’s third annual Traffic Safety Culture Index, conducted from May 11 through June 7, 2010, a survey conducted with a nationally-representative sample of 2,000 U.S. residents 16 years of age and older.
- [Parents, Teens, and the Learner Stage of Graduated Driver Licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/parents-teens-learner-stage-graduated-driver-licensing/) - This report documents a unique study that involved surveying parents and placing cameras in their vehicles to investigate how parents went about supervising their teens' practice driving during the learner-permit stage of the licensing process.
- [The Prevalence and Impact of Drowsy Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-impact-drowsy-driving/) - This study presents new estimates of the prevalence of drowsy drivers on U.S. roads using data from a nationally-representative survey of drivers, and examines the role of drowsy driving in a nationally-representative sample of crashes subject to in-depth investigations.
- [Measuring  Changes in Teenage  Driver Crash Characteristics  During the Early Months   of Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-changes-teenage-driver-crash-characteristics-early-months-driving-2/) - In-depth examination of how rates of involvement in specific types of crashes change over time as new drivers gain experience, to improve our understanding of how driver education and graduated driver licensing systems could better prepare new drivers to drive independently.
- [2011 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2011-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [Distracted Driving Among Newly Licensed Teen Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/distracted-driving-among-newly-licensed-teen-drivers/) - The research presented in this report investigates the prevalence and risk of various distracted driving behaviors among newly-licensed teenage drivers observed using in-vehicle video cameras.
- [Keeping Seniors Safe and Mobile - An Evaluation of a Local Drive Test Option](https://aaafoundation.org/keeping-seniors-safe-mobile-evaluation-local-drive-test-option/) - This research examines the crash rates of older drivers in the state of Iowa who were granted special restricted driver's licenses that only allowed driving in certain areas close to home.
- [Teen Driver Risk in Relation to Age and Number of Passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/teen-driver-risk-relation-age-number-passengers/) - This study investigates how teen drivers' crash risk changes when they are carrying passengers compared with driving by themselves in relation to the number of passengers in the car and the ages of the passengers.
- [Characteristics of Fatal Crashes Involving 16- and 17-Year-Old Drivers with Teenage Passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/characteristics-fatal-crashes-involving-16-17-year-old-drivers-teenage-passengers/) - A companion study to Teen Driver Risk in Relation to Age and Number of Passengers, this study investigates the characteristics of teen driver crashes involving teenage passengers in the vehicle.
- [Graduated Driver Licensing Research Review, 2010 – Present](https://aaafoundation.org/graduated-driver-licensing-research-review-2010-present/) - This report summarizes recent research on Graduated Driver Licensing for young novice drivers, highlighting the results of recent studies as well as questions still in need of further research.
- [Motor Vehicle Crashes, Injuries, and Deaths in Relation to Driver Age: United States, 1995 – 2010](https://aaafoundation.org/motor-vehicle-crashes-injuries-deaths-relation-driver-age-united-states-1995-2010/) - This report examines changes and trends in motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths per capita and per mile driven overall and in relation to driver age from 1995 through 2010.
- [2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index: Motorists Admit to Driving Drowsy](https://aaafoundation.org/2012-traffic-safety-culture-index-motorists-admit-driving-drowsy/) - This study investigates the prevalence of self-reported drowsy driving in the United States using data from the AAA Foundation's annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey.
- [2012 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2012-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [Distracted and Risk-Prone Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/distracted-risk-prone-drivers/) - This report investigates the relationships between self-reported distracted driving and engagement in other risky driving behaviors examined in the AAA Foundation's annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey.
- [Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-cognitive-distraction-automobile/) - Using cutting-edge methods for measuring brain activity in conjunction with driving performance, this research develops a methodology for measuring cognitive distraction associated with performing non-driving-related tasks while driving.
- [Understanding Older Drivers: An Examination of Medical Conditions, Medication Use, and Travel Behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/understanding-older-drivers-examination-medical-conditions-medication-use-travel-behavior/) - This study of two national databases provides details on older driver travel behaviors, automobility, and medication use.
- [National Survey of Child Passenger Safety Technicians on the LATCH System, United States, 2013](https://aaafoundation.org/national-survey-child-passenger-safety-technicians-latch-system-united-states-2013/) - This report presents the results of a survey of Child Passenger Safety Technicians regarding opportunities to improve the ease of use of the LATCH system in motor vehicles.
- [2013 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2013-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [Evaluating LATCH System Ease of Use and Key Features in New Vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/evaluating-latch-system-ease-use-key-features-new-vehicles/) - This report presents recommendations for improving the ease of use of the LATCH system for securing child safety seats in vehicles, based on human factors analysis and an expert workshop.
- [Temporal Trends in Indicators of Traffic Safety Culture among Drivers in the United States, 2009–2012](https://aaafoundation.org/temporal-trends-indicators-traffic-safety-culture-among-drivers-united-states-2009-2012/) - An examination of the trends in attitudes about traffic safety and self-reported driving behaviors, based on the findings from our most recent surveys of the American public.
- [Timing of Driver’s License Acquisition and Reasons for Delay among Young People in the United States, 2012](https://aaafoundation.org/timing-drivers-license-acquisition-reasons-delay-among-young-people-united-states-2012/) - This study investigates the ages at which young people obtain driver’s licenses, as well as reasons for delaying licensure among those who do not obtain a license before turning 18.
- [Improving Parental Supervision of Novice Drivers Using an Evidence-Based Approach](https://aaafoundation.org/improving-parental-supervision-novice-drivers-using-evidence-based-approach/) - This report describes the development of a training session developed for parents of new teenage drivers to help them to mentor and guide their teens effectively as they learn how to drive.
- [Cognitive Distraction: Something to Think About](https://aaafoundation.org/cognitive-distraction-something-think/) - A compendium of lessons learned from recent studies.
- [Proceedings of the National Rural Summit on Traffic Safety Culture 2009](https://aaafoundation.org/proceedings-national-rural-summit-traffic-safety-culture-2009/) - Description of national conference on rural traffic safety culture, co-sponsored by the Western Transportation Institute, Research and Innovative Technology Administration, Montana Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, and the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety.
- [Older Adults' Knowledge About Medications That Can Impact Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/older-adults-knowledge-medications-can-impact-driving/) - This report describes a survey of Alabama residents ages 55 and older, examining their self-reported use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and their knowledge of whether any of their medications might have the potential to impair their ability to drive safely.
- [2009 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2009-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This annual survey provides statistics on driving behaviors and attitudes about traffic safety among U.S. drivers.
- [Medical Fitness to Drive and a Voluntary State Reporting Law](https://aaafoundation.org/medical-fitness-drive-voluntary-state-reporting-law/) - This study examines the impact of a new law in the state of Missouri that created a mechanism for concerned healthcare providers, law enforcement officers, family members, and others to report concerns about a person's medical fitness to drive to the state licensing agency.
- [Use of Advanced In-Vehicle Technology by Younger and Older Early Adopters](https://aaafoundation.org/use-advanced-vehicle-technology-younger-older-early-adopters/) - This report investigates the experiences and opinions of early adopters of selected advanced vehicle technologies including adaptive cruise control, backing aid systems, rear-view cameras, and advanced headlights.
- [North American License Policies Workshop Recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/north-american-license-policies-workshop-recommendations/) - This report presents consensus-based recommendations for driver licensing and license-renewal policies for older drivers developed at a workshop of experts convened by the AAA Foundation.
- [2008 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2008-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This annual survey provides statistics on driving behaviors and attitudes about traffic safety among U.S. drivers.
- [USRAP Pilot Program Phase II](https://aaafoundation.org/usrap-pilot-program-phase-ii/) - Development of specialized risk maps that address safety issues of interest to the participating states, such as unbelted occupant, speed-related, alcohol-involved, roadway- and lane-departure, commercial-vehicle-involved, older driver, and young driver crashes.
- [Enhancement of Driving Performance Among Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/enhancement-driving-performance-among-older-drivers/) - This study reports the results of a randomized controlled study of the impact of a driver training course, consisting of both classroom-based and behind-the-wheel instruction, on the driving skills and knowledge of senior drivers.
- [Pedestrian Signal Safety for Older Persons](https://aaafoundation.org/pedestrian-signal-safety-older-persons/) - This report analyzes the walking speeds of older and younger pedestrians in six communities and reports the results of simulation-based case studies that investigate whether traffic signals can allow more time for pedestrians to cross the street without causing great increases in delay for vehicles.
- [Improving Traffic Safety Culture in the United States](https://aaafoundation.org/improving-traffic-safety-culture-2007/) - A collection of research articles written by experts in diverse fields including transportation, public health, public policy, psychology, and more, addressing what needs to be done to sustain serious national dialogue about traffic safety.
- [Short-term License Suspensions for Drinking Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/short-term-license-suspensions-drinking-drivers/) - This report assesses the impact of a law enacted in Saskatchewan, Canada, that allows police to suspend the license of a driver for a period of 24 hours if the driver has a blood alcohol concentration higher than .04 g/dL, even if the driver has not consumed enough alcohol to be arrested for DUI/DWI.
- [Driver License Renewal Policies and Fatal Crash Involvement Rates of Older Drivers, United States, 1985–2011](https://aaafoundation.org/driver-license-renewal-policies-and-fatal-crash-involvement-rates-of-older-drivers-united-states-1985-2011/) - This report investigates several state laws and requirements pertaining to license renewal for older drivers to determine their impact on traffic safety.
- [Young Driver Licensing in New Jersey: Rates and Trends, 2006-2011](https://aaafoundation.org/young-driver-licensing-new-jersey-rates-trends-2006-2011/) - This study examines rates of licensure among teenagers and young adults in the state of New Jersey overall and in relation to demographic characteristics.
- [Evaluation of Beginner Driver Education Programs Studies in Manitoba and Oregon](https://aaafoundation.org/evaluation-beginner-driver-education-programs-studies-manitoba-oregon/) - This report examines driver education programs in two jurisdictions in order to better understand whether and to what extent they have a positive effect on teen driver knowledge, skills, and safety.
- [Pedestrian Fatalities on Interstate Highways, United States, 1993-2012](https://aaafoundation.org/pedestrian-fatalities-interstate-highways/) - This study provides updated descriptive data regarding pedestrians killed on Interstate highways in the United States.
- [Mental Workload of Common Voice-Based Vehicle Interactions across Six Different Vehicle Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/mental-workload-common-voice-based-vehicle-interactions-across-six-different-vehicle-systems/) - This study examines the cognitive demand of performing common tasks using voice-based interactive technologies while driving in selected vehicles.
- [Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile II: Assessing In-Vehicle Voice-Based Interactive Technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-cognitive-distraction-automobile-ii-assessing-vehicle-voice-based-interactive-technologies/) - Building on the Foundation's previous research with the University of Utah, this study examines the cognitive demand associated with performing common tasks using voice-based interactive technologies.
- [Examining the Safety Implications of Later Licensure: Crash Rates of Older vs. Younger Novice Drivers Before and After Graduated Driver Licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/examining-safety-implications-later-licensure-crash-rates-older-vs-younger-novice-drivers-graduated-driver-licensing/) - This study quantifies the relationship between the age at which drivers obtain their first license and their rates of crash involvement over time as they begin driving independently using data from the states of North Carolina and California.
- [Young Driver Crash Rates in New Jersey by Driving Experience, Age, and License Phase](https://aaafoundation.org/young-driver-crash-rates-new-jersey-driving-experience-age-license-phase/) - This study quantifies the relationship between the age at which drivers obtain their first license and their rates of crash involvement over time as they begin driving independently using data from the state of New Jersey.
- [Hidden Highways: Fog and Traffic Crashes on America’s Roads](https://aaafoundation.org/hidden-highways-fog-traffic-crashes-americas-roads/) - This report quantifies the prevalence and characteristics of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths occurring in the presence of fog.
- [Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Drowsy Drivers, United States, 2009-2013](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-motor-vehicle-crashes-involving-drowsy-drivers-united-states-2009-2013/) - This study estimates the prevalence of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths that involve drowsy driving, using data from a sample of in-depth crash investigations conducted by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
- [2014 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2014-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [American Driving Survey Year One May 2013 - May 2014](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-year-one-may-2013-may-2014/) - This report documents the development of the AAA Foundation's American Driving Survey, which quantifies the amount and type of driving done by U.S. drivers using daily surveys of a representative sample of U.S. households.
- [Teen Driver Crashes: 1994-2013](https://aaafoundation.org/teen-driver-crashes-1994-2013/) - This study investigates the changes and trends in the number of teenage drivers aged 15 – 19 involved in police-reported crashes each year for the 20-year period from 1994 through 2013.
- [Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Assess Vehicle-to-Vehicle Crashes Involving Fleet Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/using-naturalistic-driving-data-assess-vehicle-vehicle-crashes-involving-fleet-drivers/) - This report examines behaviors observed in crashes of fleet vehicles captured on in-vehicle video cameras.
- [Driving Cessation and Health Outcomes in Older Adults](https://aaafoundation.org/driving-cessation-health-outcomes-older-adults/) - This report presents a systematic review of past studies of what happens after older people stop driving.
- [Older Adults’ Preferences for Communication with Healthcare Providers About Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/older-adults-preferences-communication-healthcare-providers-driving/) - A synthesis of qualitative studies of older adults’ preferences concerning communication with their healthcare providers about driving, including driving safety and planning for future “driving retirement".
- [Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile III: A Comparison of Ten 2015 In-Vehicle Information Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/measuring-cognitive-distraction-automobile-iii-comparison-ten-2015-vehicle-information-systems/) - This research represents the third phase of the Foundation’s investigation into cognitive distraction, examining the cognitive demand of completing several common tasks on the in-vehicle infotainment systems of 10 new vehicles available in the U.S.
- [The Smartphone and the Driver’s Cognitive Workload: A Comparison of Apple, Google, and Microsoft’s Intelligent Personal Assistants](https://aaafoundation.org/smartphone-drivers-cognitive-workload-comparison-apple-google-microsofts-intelligent-personal-assistants/) - This research examines the impact of voice-based interactions using three different intelligent personal assistants (Apple’s Siri, Google’s Google Now for Android phones, and Microsoft’s Cortana) on the cognitive workload of the driver.
- [Prevalence of Self-Reported Drowsy Driving, United States: 2015](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-self-reported-drowsy-driving-united-states-2015/) - This study provides updated estimates of the prevalence of self-reported drowsy driving based on data from a nationally-representative survey of drivers conducted in 2015.
- [Motor Vehicle Crashes, Injuries, and Deaths in Relation to Weather Conditions, United States, 2010-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/motor-vehicle-crashes-injuries-deaths-relation-weather-conditions/) - This study investigated the number of motor vehicle crashes, injuries, and deaths that occurred in the United States in years 2010-2014 in relation to weather conditions and roadway surface conditions.
- [Keeping Older Adults Driving Safely: A Research Synthesis of Advanced In-Vehicle Technologies: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/keeping-older-adults-driving-safely-research-synthesis-advanced-vehicle-technologies/) - This report synthesizes the knowledge about older drivers and advanced in-vehicle technologies, focusing on three areas: use, perception, and outcomes.
- [Self-Regulation of Driving by Older Adults: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/self-regulation-driving-older-adults/) - Findings from this report originate from an extensive synthesis of the literature on self-regulation of driving among older adults. The synthesis builds on earlier reviews of the literature by the authors, and extends literature findings on specific aspects self-regulation.
- [2015 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2015-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [Literature Review of Behavioral Adaptations to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/literature-review-of-behavioral-adaptations-to-advanced-driver-assistance-systems/) - This report examines theories and research on driver behavioral adaptation in light of advanced driver assistance systems that support driving tasks formerly managed exclusively by the driver.
- [Overview of Major Issues Regarding the Impacts of Alcohol and Marijuana on Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/overview-major-issues-regarding-impacts-alcohol-marijuana-driving/) - This document provides an overview of issues related to marijuana consumption, driving impairment and blood testing as well as the potential impacts of social and legal factors.
- [Select Physical Performance Measures and Driving Outcomes in Older Adults: A LongROAD Study](https://aaafoundation.org/select-physical-performance-measures-driving-outcomes-older-adults-longroad-study/) - This systematic review examines previous research into the association between three well-validated measures of lower extremity physical functioning and driving outcomes in older adults.
- [Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Marijuana: Beliefs and Behaviors, United States, 2013-2015](https://aaafoundation.org/driving-influence-alcohol-marijuana-beliefs-behaviors-united-states-2013-2015/) - The purpose of this study was to provide estimates of the prevalence of self-reported driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana, and related perceptions and beliefs among U.S. drivers ages 18 and older.
- [An Evaluation of Data from Drivers Arrested for Driving Under the Influence in Relation to Per se Limits for Cannabis](https://aaafoundation.org/evaluation-data-drivers-arrested-driving-influence-relation-per-se-limits-cannabis/) - This study examines the relationship between toxicological test results and performance on a battery of physiological and psychomotor measures used by law enforcement officers among drivers arrested for DUI.
- [Cannabis Use Among Drivers Suspected of Driving Under the Influence or Involved in Collisions: Analysis of Washington State Patrol Data](https://aaafoundation.org/cannabis-use-among-drivers-suspected-driving-influence-involved-collisions-analysis-washington-state-patrol-data/) - This study examined data from drivers involved in crashes and drivers suspected of DUI in Washington state.
- [Using Naturalistic Driving Data to Examine Teen Driver Behaviors Present in Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2007-2015](https://aaafoundation.org/using-naturalistic-driving-data-examine-teen-driver-behaviors-present-motor-vehicle-crashes-2007-2015/) - This study updates a previous study of driver behaviors and environmental conditions present in a sample of teen driver crashes captured on in-vehicle video cameras with new data from more than 500 additional crashes.
- [Prevalence of Self-Reported Aggressive Driving Behavior: United States, 2014](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-self-reported-aggressive-driving-behavior-united-states-2014/) - This report provides data on the prevalence of self-reported aggressive driving behaviors based on a survey of a representative sample of U.S. drivers.
- [The Prevalence of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Road Debris, United States, 2011-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-motor-vehicle-crashes-involving-road-debris-united-states-2011-2014/) - This study examines data from a sample of in-depth crash investigations to estimate the number of crashes, injuries, and deaths in the U.S. each year that are caused by debris on the roads or falling from vehicles.
- [American Driving Survey: 2014 – 2015](https://aaafoundation.org/american-driving-survey-2014-2015/) - This report presents data on the proportion of U.S. residents who drive and the amount of driving that they did in years 2014-2015 based on the AAA Foundation's surveys of representative samples of households nationwide.
- [Acute Sleep Deprivation and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Involvement](https://aaafoundation.org/acute-sleep-deprivation-risk-motor-vehicle-crash-involvement/) - This drowsy driving study quantifies a driver's relative risk of being involved in a crash in relation to the number of hours that they slept in the past 24 hours.
- [2016 Traffic Safety Culture Index](https://aaafoundation.org/2016-traffic-safety-culture-index/) - This report presents the results of our annual Traffic Safety Culture Index survey, providing data on the attitudes and behaviors of the American public with respect to key traffic safety topics.
- [Development of a Novice Driver Training Module to Accelerate Driver Perceptual Expertise](https://aaafoundation.org/development-novice-driver-training-module-accelerate-driver-perceptual-expertise/) - This report describes the development of a stand-alone, self-administered training module intended to accelerate new drivers' acquisition of perceptual expertise.
- [Safety Benefits of Highway Infrastructure Investments](https://aaafoundation.org/safety-benefits-of-highway-infrastructure-investments/) - This study estimates the reduction in serious injuries and deaths that could potentially be achieved through investment in proven cost-effective highway infrastructure safety measures, and the level of investment required to achieve those benefits.
- [Rates of Motor Vehicle Crashes, Injuries and Deaths in Relation to Driver Age, United States, 2014-2015](https://aaafoundation.org/rates-motor-vehicle-crashes-injuries-deaths-relation-driver-age-united-states-2014-2015/) - This Research Brief presents updated data on crash risk using data on crashes from the US DOT in conjunction with data on driving mileage from the AAA Foundation's American Driving Survey.
- [Accelerating Teen Driver Learning: Anywhere, Anytime Training](https://aaafoundation.org/accelerating-teen-driver-learning-anywhere-anytime-training/) - This report describes an evaluation of a series of self-administered training modules designed to improve novice drivers' hazard anticipation, hazard mitigation, and attention maintenance skills.
- [Older Novice Driver Crashes in New Jersey: Informing the Need for Extending Graduated Driver Licensing Restrictions](https://aaafoundation.org/older-novice-driver-crashes-new-jersey-informing-need-extending-graduated-driver-licensing-restrictions/) - This study examines whether evidence supports extending Graduated Driver Licensing systems, which most U.S. states apply only to new drivers licensed before the age of 18, to new drivers licensed at ages 18 years or older.
- [Utilization of Driving Rehabilitation among Older Adults: LongROAD Analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study](https://aaafoundation.org/utilization-driving-rehabilitation-among-older-adults-longroad-analysis-national-health-aging-trends-study/) - This research explores the characteristics of older adults who engage in rehabilitation to improve their driving, specifically age, gender, marital status, health status, and physical function.
- [Frailty, Physical Function and Driving Status in Older Adults: LongROAD Analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study](https://aaafoundation.org/frailty-physical-function-driving-status-older-adults-longroad-analysis-national-health-aging-trends-study/) - The purpose of the study was to examine the associations between physical frailty, physical functioning, and the rate of being a current-non-driver.
- [Distracted Driving Behaviors and Beliefs among Older Adults: A LongROAD Analysis of the Training, Research, and Education for Driving Safety Study](https://aaafoundation.org/distracted-driving-behaviors-beliefs-among-older-adults-longroad-analysis-training-research-education-driving-safety-study/) - This research explores the behaviors and attitudes of elderly drivers regarding cell phone use while driving as well as the prevalence of specific modes of cell phone use including talking, texting, emailing, browsing the internet, and navigating.
- [Visual and Cognitive Demands of Using In-Vehicle Information Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/visual-cognitive-demands-using-vehicle-information-systems/) - This research examines the visual and cognitive demand associated with completing selected common tasks including making a phone call, sending a text message, tuning the radio, and programming navigation systems using the infotainment systems found in 30 model year 2017 vehicles.
- [Video-Based Onboard Safety Monitoring Systems: Leveraging Large-Truck Technology and Engineering to Realize Safety Gains](https://aaafoundation.org/video-based-onboard-safety-monitoring-systems-leveraging-large-truck-technology-engineering-realize-safety-gains/) - This study estimates the costs and benefits associated with equipping all large trucks nationwide with video-based onboard safety monitoring systems.
- [Lane Departure Warning Systems: Leveraging Large-Truck Technology and Engineering to Realize Safety Gains](https://aaafoundation.org/lane-departure-warning-systems-leveraging-large-truck-technology-engineering-realize-safety-gains/) - This study estimates the costs and benefits associated with equipping all large trucks nationwide with lane departure warning systems.
- [Automatic Emergency Braking Systems: Leveraging Large-Truck Technology and Engineering to Realize Safety Gains](https://aaafoundation.org/automatic-emergency-braking-systems-leveraging-large-truck-technology-engineering-realize-safety-gains/) - This study estimates the costs and benefits associated with equipping all large trucks nationwide with automatic emergency braking systems.
- [Air Disc Brakes: Leveraging Large-Truck Technology and Engineering to Realize Safety Gains](https://aaafoundation.org/air-disc-brakes-leveraging-large-truck-technology-engineering-realize-safety-gains/) - This study estimates the costs and benefits associated with equipping all large trucks nationwide with air disc brakes.
- [Crash Risk of Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Case - Crossover Analysis of Naturalistic Driving Data](https://aaafoundation.org/crash-risk-cell-phone-use-driving-case-crossover-analysis-naturalistic-driving-data/) - This report investigates the relationship between using a cell phone while driving and the risk of being involved in a crash by comparing cell phone use immediately prior to crashes versus during ordinary driving by the same drivers using in-vehicle video from a large study.
- [Prevalence of Drowsy Driving Crashes: Estimates from a Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Study](https://aaafoundation.org/prevalence-drowsy-driving-crashes-estimates-large-scale-naturalistic-driving-study/) - The contribution of drowsy driving to motor vehicle crashes is notoriously difficult to quantify. This study examines in-vehicle video captured in a large naturalistic driving study to estimate the proportion of motor vehicle crashes that involve drowsy driving.
- [2017 Forum on the Impact of Vehicle Technologies and Automation on Users: A Summary Report](https://aaafoundation.org/2017-forum-impact-vehicle-technologies-automation-users-summary-report/) - This report summarizes presentations, discussion, and outcomes from a stakeholder forum on the impact of 21st-century automotive technologies on drivers.

## Pages

- [Homepage](https://aaafoundation.org/)
- [Newsroom](https://aaafoundation.org/newsroom/) - Recent Coverage Carscoops The Life-Saving Law Few Drivers Understand Until It's Too Late NBC Connecticut AAA study shows most drivers don't understand Slow Down, Move Over law Forbes The AAA Says Aggressive Driving and Road Rage Are On 'Self-Perpetuating Cycles' Consumer Affairs New AAA study finds nearly all drivers engage in road rage USA
- [Request For Proposals](https://aaafoundation.org/about/rfp/) - The AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety issues bi-annual requests for proposals (RFPs), welcoming organizations to submit research proposals tied to our mission and one or more of our focus areas: (1) emerging technologies; (2) vulnerable road users; (3) driver behavior and performance; and (4) roadway systems and drivers. Activity Spring RFP Fall RFP RFP
- [Jobs](https://aaafoundation.org/jobs/) - Thank you for your interest in the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. View our current openings below. Research Coordinator
- [Safe Mobility Conference](https://aaafoundation.org/smc-v2/)
- [Our People](https://aaafoundation.org/about/our-people/)
- [Our History](https://aaafoundation.org/about/our-history/) - Establishment of the Foundation One of AAA’s main concerns was keeping roadways safe. The organization started one of its first traffic safety initiatives in 1922 when it launched the school safety patrol program. That prompted other safety-related programs, including a landmark effort to reverse the soaring pedestrian fatality rate during the 1930s. With the surge
- [The Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) Study](https://aaafoundation.org/longroad/) - About the Study Research Briefs Data User Guide Requesting Data In 2015, there were 40 million licensed older drivers 65 years or older composing 18% of the total licensed driver population in the United States. By 2021, these number rose to 50.5 million licensed older drivers 65 years older (21% of the licensed U.S. driver
- [Safe Mobility Conference: Previous Conferences](https://aaafoundation.org/previous-smcs/) - Conference Proceedings 2025 Coming Q3 2025 2024 Read the Conference Proceedings Photo Gallery Back to Top Back to Main Page
- [Case Study: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-philadelphia/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2016 Vision Zero Target 2050 Population 1.6 Million Community Description Philadelphia, located in southeastern Pennsylvania, is the state’s largest city. It is renowned for its rich historical heritage, notably being the site where the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution were signed. The
- [Case Study: Madison, Wisconsin](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-madison/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2020 Vision Zero Target 2035 Population 269,000 Community Description Madison is the capital city of Wisconsin, located in the south-central part of the state. Madison has the highest number of parks and playgrounds per capita among the top 100 U.S. cities and is distinguished
- [Case Study: West Hartford, Connecticut](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-west-hartford/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2023 Vision Zero Target 2033 Population 64,000 Community Description West Hartford is a suburban town in Connecticut that combines retail and residential spaces uniquely, making it a popular local destination. West Hartford features a well-planned road network with major routes such as Interstate 84
- [Case Study: McKenzie County, North Dakota](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-mckenzie-county/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2021 Vision Zero Target Not Stated Population 15,000 Community Description McKenzie County is located in western North Dakota, serving as the largest county in the state by area. McKenzie County hosts a significant portion of the Bakken Formation, making it a crucial area for
- [Case Study: Massachusetts](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-massachusetts/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2023(on a state level) Vision Zero Target Varies by Location Population 6.9 Million Community Description Massachusetts is situated in the northeastern United States within the New England region. The state is home to America’s oldest subway system, the Boston Subway, which is a key
- [Case Study: Menlo Park, California](https://aaafoundation.org/ssa-casestudy-menlo-park/) - Read this Case Study Read the Full Report Vision Zero Adoption 2016 Vision Zero Target 2040 Population 34,000 Community Description Menlo Park is a City in San Mateo County within the San Francisco Bay Area of California. It is home to corporate headquarters of numerous venture capital, financial services, law firms, and other companies focusing
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- [Case Study Three Test](https://aaafoundation.org/case-study-three-test/) - Read the Report Location Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Size of City Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper mattis, pulvinar dapibus leo. Social Media
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- [About AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/about/) - Saving lives through research and education Founded in 1947, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety is a nonprofit, publicly supported charitable research and education organization dedicated to saving lives by preventing traffic crashes and reducing injuries when crashes occur. For 75 years, the Foundation has been true to its mission to prevent traffic deaths and
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## My Templates

- [Default Kit](https://aaafoundation.org/?elementor_library=default-kit)

## People

- [Apoorva Hungund](https://aaafoundation.org/people/apoorva-hungund-2/) - Dr. Apoorva Hungund joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in January 2025. Her research has focused on understanding human-machine interaction in the context of traffic safety, including vehicle automation, young drivers, and driver distraction. She is experienced in many different experimental approaches, including driving simulation and eye tracking. Dr. Hungund received her Bachelor of
- [Thomas Jacobs](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thomas-jacobs/)
- [Kaveh Sadabadi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kaveh-sadabadi/)
- [Rodrigo Moscoso](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rodrigo-moscoso/)
- [Kyle Hickerson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kyle-hickerson/)
- [Sharon Levi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sharon-levi/)
- [Lindsay Hunker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lindsay-hunker/)
- [Doreen De Leonardis](https://aaafoundation.org/people/doreen-de-leonardis/)
- [Amy Benedick](https://aaafoundation.org/people/amy-benedick/)
- [Saquib Haroon](https://aaafoundation.org/people/saquib-haroon/) - Dr. Saquib Haroon joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in June 2025. His research has focused on driver engagement, the integration of equity in traffic safety, and pedestrian and bicyclist safety. He is experienced in different experimental research and analytic approaches, including driving simulation and AI-enhanced interactive data infrastructure. Dr. Haroon received his bachelor’s
- [Hisham Jashami](https://aaafoundation.org/people/hisham-jashami/)
- [Zhila Dehdari Ebrahimi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/zhila-dehdari-ebrahimi/)
- [Jun Zhao](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jun-zhao/)
- [Mackenzie Waller](https://aaafoundation.org/people/mackenzie-waller/)
- [Sushmita Bhandari](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sushmita-bhandari/)
- [Yuxi Shen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/yuxi-shen/)
- [Jane Weber](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jane-weber/)
- [David S. Hurwitz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-s-hurwitz/)
- [Alyssa Ryan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alyssa-ryan/)
- [Jinli Liu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jinli-liu/)
- [Subasish Das](https://aaafoundation.org/people/subasish-das/)
- [Clement O. Lippu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/clement-o-lippu/)
- [Emmanuel Kidando](https://aaafoundation.org/people/emmanuel-kidando/)
- [Amanda Sesko](https://aaafoundation.org/people/amanda-sesko/)
- [Meshack Mihayo](https://aaafoundation.org/people/meshack-mihayo/)
- [Panick Kalambay](https://aaafoundation.org/people/panick-kalambay/)
- [Angela Kitali](https://aaafoundation.org/people/angela-kitali/)
- [Ansley Kasha](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ansley-kasha/) - Ansley Kasha joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in November 2023. Previously, she served as the project director for the Traffic Safety Research and Evaluation Group at the University of Georgia’s College of Public Health. In that role, she maintained one of Georgia’s roadway fatality databases and collaborated with rural Georgia county residents and
- [Jah’inaya Parker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jahinaya-parker-2/)
- [Jessica McDonough](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jessica-mcdonough/) - Jessica McDonough joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in August of 2022. Prior to joining the Foundation, she worked as a human factors researcher at Battelle Memorial Institute, where she supported a variety of surface transportation safety research projects. Ms. McDonough holds a bachelor’s and master’s degree in human factors psychology from George Mason
- [Xiaolu Bai](https://aaafoundation.org/people/xiaolu-bai/) - Dr. Xiaolu Bai joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in June 2025. Her research has focused on cognitive load, distracted driving and driver engagement in partially automated vehicles. She is experienced in mixed-methods techniques, including advanced statistical analyses of eye-tracking and driving performance data. Dr. Bai received her bachelor’s degrees in Psychology and in
- [Lindsay Arnold](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lindsay-arnold-mph/) - Lindsay Arnold conducts and manages research on issues including substance-impaired driving and vulnerable road users at the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Prior to joining the Foundation in 2012, she served as a public health fellow in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Office of Behavioral Safety Research, and as a researcher at the University
- [Xi Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/xi-zhang/) - Dr. Xi Zhang joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in June 2025. Her research has focused on driver and vehicle behavior, including how countermeasures influence driver actions and how connected and autonomous vehicles behave. She is experienced in data analytics and has contributed to many projects related to traffic safety and operations. Dr. Zhang
- [Jon Hankey](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jon-hankey/)
- [Ellen Barnes](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ellen-barnes/)
- [Phyllis Newbill](https://aaafoundation.org/people/phyllis-newbill/)
- [Richard Greatbatch](https://aaafoundation.org/people/richard-greatbatch/)
- [Jordan Blenner](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jordan-blenner/) - Dr. Jordan Blenner joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in May 2025. Previously, she was a research psychologist with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Over her professional career, she has conducted and managed multiple traffic safety studies on topics such as cell phone use among young drivers and drowsy
- [Yiqi Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/yiqi-zhang/)
- [Sean Brennan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sean-brennan/)
- [Ruby Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ruby-kim/)
- [Sheila Klauer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sheila-klauer/)
- [Kaitlyn Bedwell](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kaitlyn-bedwell/)
- [Taylor Young](https://aaafoundation.org/people/taylor-young/)
- [Gabrial Anderson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/gabrial-anderson/)
- [Joanne Wood](https://aaafoundation.org/people/joanne-wood/)
- [Jasmine K. Proud](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jasmine-k-proud/)
- [Jason Kearney](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jason-kearney/)
- [Brendan Lawrence](https://aaafoundation.org/people/brendan-lawrence/)
- [Oluwadamilola F. Ajibola](https://aaafoundation.org/people/oluwadamilola-f-ajibola/)
- [John W. Shaw](https://aaafoundation.org/people/john-w-shaw/)
- [M. Kit Delgado](https://aaafoundation.org/people/m-kit-delgado/)
- [Michael O. Harhay](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-o-harhay/)
- [Subhash Aryal](https://aaafoundation.org/people/subhash-aryal/)
- [Sadie Friday](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sadie-friday/)
- [Arjun Patel](https://aaafoundation.org/people/arjun-patel/)
- [Athena Lee](https://aaafoundation.org/people/athena-lee/)
- [Maya Nelson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/maya-nelson/)
- [Neda Khan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/neda-khan/)
- [Dina Abdel-Rahman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dina-abdel-rahman/)
- [Ruiying A. Xiong](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ruiying-a-xiong/)
- [Catherine C. McDonald](https://aaafoundation.org/people/catherine-c-mcdonald/)
- [Jeffrey P. Ebert](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-p-ebert/)
- [Sarah D. Hacker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sarah-d-hacker/)
- [Daniel Ageze](https://aaafoundation.org/people/daniel-ageze/)
- [Thomas D. Marcotte](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thomas-d-marcotte/)
- [Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation](https://aaafoundation.org/people/pacific-institute-for-research-and-evaluation/)
- [Adam Gilberston](https://aaafoundation.org/people/adam-gilberston/)
- [Mark B. Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/mark-b-johnson/)
- [Alicia Romo](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alicia-romo/) - Dr. Alicia Romo joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in January 2022. Prior joining the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Alicia worked as a traffic engineer and transportation planner at Mead & Hunt, a top ENR 100 design firm. Previously, Dr. Romo worked for Battelle and was a National Academies of Science post-doc fellow
- [Rebecca Steinbach](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rebecca-steinbach/) - Dr. Rebecca Steinbach joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in January 2023. Previously, she was a research director at the UK’s National Centre for Social Research and an Assistant Professor at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, where her research focused on transport and health. She received a PhD in social epidemiology from
- [Shubha Bamney](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shubha-bamney/)
- [Agshems Nichols](https://aaafoundation.org/people/agshems-nichols/)
- [Jill Cooper](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jill-cooper/)
- [Yuni Tang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/yuni-tang/)
- [Jennifer G. Farris](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jennifer-g-farris/)
- [Alessandro Figueroa](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alessandro-figueroa/)
- [Saurav Parajuli](https://aaafoundation.org/people/saurav-parajuli/)
- [Chris Cherry](https://aaafoundation.org/people/chris-cherry/)
- [Sarah O'Brien](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sarah-obrien/)
- [Katherine J. Harmon](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katherine-j-harmon/)
- [Stephen Heiny](https://aaafoundation.org/people/stephen-heiny/)
- [C. Y. David Yang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dr-david-yang/) - Dr. C. Y. David Yang is the President and the Executive Director of the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Previously, he worked for the U.S. Department of Transportation and private consulting firms. Dr. Yang has co-authored multiple peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers and government reports on a variety of transportation topics. He is an associate
- [Brian C. Tefft](https://aaafoundation.org/people/brian-tefft/) - Brian Tefft joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in 2006. He conducts and manages research on a wide variety of traffic safety issues including driver distraction, drowsiness, and impairment; teenage drivers; pedestrian safety; and driver understanding of new vehicle technologies. His research has been published in many leading scientific journals including Accident Analysis and
- [William J. Horrey](https://aaafoundation.org/people/william-j-horrey-ph-d/) - Dr. William J. Horrey joined the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety in August 2017. An experienced human factors professional, Dr. Horrey has led or contributed to many research projects in the areas of driver distraction, driver behavior and safety, human-automation interaction, attention and risk perception. He is the past chair of the Transportation Research Board’s
- [Shaina Harris](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shaina-harris/) - Shaina Harris is the Foundation’s program coordinator. She serves as the liaison and first point of contact for AAA Inc. and AAA clubs. Additionally, she coordinates current and upcoming research projects and outreach activities. Previously, she worked as a program coordinator and communications lead for an organization in Japan where she supported the planning and
- [Scott McKnight](https://aaafoundation.org/people/scott-mcknight/)
- [Sue Thomas](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sue-thomas/)
- [Julie Murphy](https://aaafoundation.org/people/julie-murphy/)
- [Ann Romosz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ann-romosz/)
- [Eduardo Romano](https://aaafoundation.org/people/eduardo-romano/)
- [Steven Jones](https://aaafoundation.org/people/steven-jones/)
- [Jeremy Pate](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeremy-pate/)
- [Ningzhe Xu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ningzhe-xu/)
- [Apoorva Hungund](https://aaafoundation.org/people/apoorva-hungund/)
- [Steve Kuciemba](https://aaafoundation.org/people/steve-kuciemba/)
- [Jeffrey A. Lindley](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-a-lindley/)
- [Jeffrey Paniati](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-paniati/)
- [Luana Broshears](https://aaafoundation.org/people/luana-broshears/)
- [John K. Lenneman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/john-k-lenneman/)
- [John D. Lee](https://aaafoundation.org/people/john-d-lee/)
- [Josh Domeyer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/josh-domeyer/)
- [Anqi Wei](https://aaafoundation.org/people/anqi-wei/)
- [Lucinda L. Austin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lucinda-l-austin/)
- [Seth LaJeunesse](https://aaafoundation.org/people/seth-lajeunesse/)
- [Shannon Frattaroli](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shannon-frattaroli/)
- [Theresa J. Chirles](https://aaafoundation.org/people/theresa-j-chirles/)
- [Jeffrey P. Michael](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-p-michael/)
- [Haomiao Jia](https://aaafoundation.org/people/haomiao-jia/)
- [Thelma Mielenz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thelma-j-mielenz-2/)
- [Katie Wheeler](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katie-wheeler/)
- [John G. Gaspar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-gaspar/)
- [Justin Mason](https://aaafoundation.org/people/justin-mason/)
- [X. Jessie Yang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/x-jessie-yang/)
- [Lisa Molnar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lisa-molnar/)
- [Lionel Robert](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lionel-robert/)
- [Dawn Tilbury](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dawn-tilbury/)
- [Feng Zhou](https://aaafoundation.org/people/feng-zhou/)
- [Jundi Liu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jundi-liu/)
- [Doowon Han](https://aaafoundation.org/people/doowon-han/)
- [Laura Sandt](https://aaafoundation.org/people/laura-sandt/)
- [Tabitha Combs](https://aaafoundation.org/people/tabitha-combs/)
- [Wesley Kumfer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/wesley-kumfer/)
- [Benjamin Bauchwitz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/benjamin-bauchwitz/)
- [Kristen Hassmiller Lich](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kristen-hassmiller-lich/)
- [L. Kurt Kreuger](https://aaafoundation.org/people/l-kurt-kreuger/)
- [Rebecca B. Naumann](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rebecca-b-naumann/)
- [Fangda Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/fangda-zhang/)
- [Junyan Tian](https://aaafoundation.org/people/junyan-tian/)
- [Terry Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/terry-johnson/)
- [Juan Yepez](https://aaafoundation.org/people/juan-yepez/)
- [Nastaran Radmehr](https://aaafoundation.org/people/nastaran-radmehr/)
- [Ron Van Houten](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ron-van-houten/)
- [Emily Brunsen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/emily-brunsen/)
- [Kraig Finstad](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kraig-finstad/)
- [Timothy J. Wright](https://aaafoundation.org/people/timothy-j-wright/)
- [Richard D. Blomberg](https://aaafoundation.org/people/richard-d-blomberg/)
- [Timothy Barnett](https://aaafoundation.org/people/timothy-barnett/)
- [Alex Hainen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alex-hainen/)
- [Chenxuan Yang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/chenxuan-yang/)
- [Praveena Penmetsa](https://aaafoundation.org/people/praveena-penmetsa/)
- [Jun Liu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jun-liu/)
- [Shannon C. Roberts](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shannon-c-roberts/)
- [Jah'inaya Parker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jahinaya-parker/)
- [Nicholas Wong](https://aaafoundation.org/people/nicholas-wong/)
- [Meng Wang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/meng-wang/)
- [Shashank Mehrotra](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shashank-mehrotra/)
- [Neha Trivedi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/neha-trivedi/)
- [Madeleine Liotta](https://aaafoundation.org/people/madeleine-liotta/)
- [Cheryl Roe](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cheryl-roe/)
- [Deepika Kandasamy](https://aaafoundation.org/people/d-kandasamy/)
- [Carey Borkoski](https://aaafoundation.org/people/carey-borkoski/)
- [Chris LaRose](https://aaafoundation.org/people/chris-larose/)
- [David W. Eby](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-w-eby/)
- [Lydia Jin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lydia-jin/)
- [Daniela Barragan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/daniela-barragan/)
- [Julia Price](https://aaafoundation.org/people/julia-price/)
- [Alexa Siegfried](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alexa-siegfried/)
- [Alycia Bayne](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alycia-bayne/)
- [Jonna Turrill](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jonna-turrill/)
- [Joel M. Cooper](https://aaafoundation.org/people/joel-m-cooper-phd/)
- [Michael J. Flannagan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-j-flannagan/)
- [John M. Sullivan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/john-m-sullivan/)
- [F. Dennis Thomas](https://aaafoundation.org/people/f-dennis-thomas/)
- [Stephanie Harrell](https://aaafoundation.org/people/stephanie-harrell/)
- [Jodi A. Cisewski](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jodi-a-cisewski/)
- [Laura L. Durbin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/laura-durbin/)
- [Thelma J. Mielenz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thelma-j-mielenz/)
- [Christy Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/people/christy-smith/)
- [Jennifer S. Zakrajsek](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-zakrajsek/)
- [Yudan Chen Wang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/yudan-wang/)
- [Jane Stutts](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jane-stutts-phd/)
- [Anuj K. Pradhan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/anuj-k-pradhan-2/)
- [Linda L. Hill](https://aaafoundation.org/people/l-hill/)
- [Robert D. Foss](https://aaafoundation.org/people/robert-foss/)
- [Carolyn DiGuiseppi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/carolyn-diguiseppi-2/)
- [Allison E. Curry](https://aaafoundation.org/people/allison-e-curry-phd/)
- [Cher Carney](https://aaafoundation.org/people/c-carney/)
- [Eileen P. Taylor](https://aaafoundation.org/people/eileen-p-taylor/)
- [Trent G. Simmons](https://aaafoundation.org/people/t-g-simmons/)
- [David M. Sanbonmatsu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/d-m-sanbonmatsu/)
- [Min Qian](https://aaafoundation.org/people/m-qian/)
- [Briana L. Moreland](https://aaafoundation.org/people/b-l-moreland/)
- [Gerald McGwin, Jr.](https://aaafoundation.org/people/gerald-mcgwin-jr/)
- [Amy S. McDonnell](https://aaafoundation.org/people/a-s-mcdonnell/)
- [Erin E. Masterson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/e-e-masterson/)
- [Hillary Lum](https://aaafoundation.org/people/h-lum/)
- [Monika Lohoni](https://aaafoundation.org/people/m-lohoni/)
- [Jacob Larocca](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-larocca/)
- [Judith D. Kasper](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-d-kasper/)
- [Jacqueline Jones](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jacqueline-jones/)
- [Jana Jahns](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-jahns/)
- [Jenna R. Darrah](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jenna-r-darrah/)
- [Kaedyn W. Crabtree](https://aaafoundation.org/people/k-w-crabtree/)
- [Jasmine Chukwueke](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-chukwueke/)
- [Amanda E. Carriero](https://aaafoundation.org/people/a-e-carriero/)
- [David B. Carr](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-b-carr-md/)
- [Elizabeth G. Bond](https://aaafoundation.org/people/e-g-bond/)
- [Uns Al-Wahab](https://aaafoundation.org/people/u-al-wahab/)
- [David Strogatz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/d-strogatz/)
- [A. Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/people/a-smith/)
- [Tara Kelley-Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/379/)
- [AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/people/aaa-foundation-traffic-safety/)
- [The LongROAD Research Team](https://aaafoundation.org/people/longroad-research-team/)
- [Fatima Afifah](https://aaafoundation.org/people/fatima-afifah/)
- [Kelvin Santiago](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kelvin-santiago/)
- [Cara Hamann](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cara-hamann/)
- [Cole Fitzpatrick](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cole-fitzpatrick/)
- [Michael Knodler](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-knodler-2/)
- [Ganesh Pai](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ganesh-pai/)
- [Jack Jensen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jack-jensen/)
- [Sean O'Malley](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sean-omalley/)
- [Raul Arbelaez](https://aaafoundation.org/people/raul-arbelaez/)
- [Emeka Nriagu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/emeka-nriagu/)
- [Emma Elliott](https://aaafoundation.org/people/emma-elliott/)
- [Andrew Leslie](https://aaafoundation.org/people/andrew-leslie/)
- [Michelle L. Reyes](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michelle-l-reyes/)
- [Elizabeth O’Neal](https://aaafoundation.org/people/elizabeth-oneal/)
- [James W. Jenness](https://aaafoundation.org/people/james-w-jenness/)
- [Jeremiah Singer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeremiah-singer/)
- [E. Shull](https://aaafoundation.org/people/e-shull/)
- [Ashani Johnson-Turbes](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ashani-johnson-turbes/)
- [Lindsey A. Graham](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lindsey-a-graham/)
- [Ryan Treffers](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ryan-treffers/)
- [A. Scott McKnight](https://aaafoundation.org/people/a-scott-mcknight/)
- [Madison Graham](https://aaafoundation.org/people/madison-graham/)
- [Johanna Zmud](https://aaafoundation.org/people/johanna-zmud/)
- [Ipek Sener](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ipek-sener/)
- [Susan Soccolich](https://aaafoundation.org/people/susan-soccolich/)
- [Stanislaw Kolek](https://aaafoundation.org/people/stanislaw-kolek/)
- [Yudan Chen Wang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/yudan-chen-wang/)
- [Robert D. Foss](https://aaafoundation.org/people/robert-d-foss/)
- [Alexander J. Mizenko](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alexander-j-mizenko/)
- [Amy J. Porath](https://aaafoundation.org/people/amy-j-porath/)
- [Andrew Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/andrew-johnson/)
- [Anne E. Dickerson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/anne-e-dickerson-phd/)
- [Anne-Marie Engler](https://aaafoundation.org/people/a-m-engler/)
- [Arthur H. Goodwin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/arthur-h-goodwin/)
- [Barbara H. Lang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/barbara-h-lang/)
- [Beth E. Ebel](https://aaafoundation.org/people/beth-e-ebel/)
- [Bevan B. Kirley](https://aaafoundation.org/people/bevan-b-kirley/)
- [Charles J. DiMaggio](https://aaafoundation.org/people/charles-j-dimaggio/)
- [Cheng S. Leu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cheng-s-leu/)
- [Christopher L. Crowe](https://aaafoundation.org/people/christopher-crowe/)
- [Cora Man](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cora-man/)
- [Darren J. Torbic](https://aaafoundation.org/people/darren-j-torbic/)
- [David J. LeBlanc](https://aaafoundation.org/people/d-leblanc/)
- [David K. Gilmore](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-k-gilmore/)
- [David P. Merle](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-p-merle/)
- [Dennis R. Durbin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dennis-r-durbin-md-msce/)
- [Douglas J. Getty](https://aaafoundation.org/people/douglas-j-getty/)
- [Elin Schold Davis](https://aaafoundation.org/people/elin-schold-davis/)
- [Emily V. Ortiz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/emily-v-ortiz/)
- [George W. Rebok](https://aaafoundation.org/people/george-w-rebok/)
- [Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/gudmundur-f-ulfarsson-phd/)
- [Ida Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ida-baker/)
- [Jessa K. Engelberg](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-engelberg/)
- [James R. Coleman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/james-r-coleman/)
- [Jean Wilkins](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jean-wilkins-phd/)
- [Karin M. Bauer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/karin-m-bauer/)
- [Katheryn L. Yetter](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katheryn-l-yetter/)
- [Kimberly A. Eccles](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kimberly-eccles/)
- [Kimberly B. Roth](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kimberly-b-roth/)
- [Konny H. Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/people/konny-h-kim-mph/)
- [Lewis H. Margolis](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lewis-h-margolis/)
- [Lidia P. Kostyniuk](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lidia-p-kostyniuk/)
- [Linda Ng](https://aaafoundation.org/people/linda-ng/)
- [Lindsay H. Ryan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/l-ryan/)
- [Loring W. Rue, III](https://aaafoundation.org/people/loring-w-rue-iii/)
- [Lydia M. Andris](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lydia-m-andris/)
- [Melinda Robinson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/melinda-robinson/)
- [Michael R. Elliott](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-r-elliott-phd/)
- [Natalie P. O'Brien](https://aaafoundation.org/people/natalie-p-obrien/)
- [Neil K. Chaudhary](https://aaafoundation.org/people/neil-k-chaudhary/)
- [Rachel J. Hopman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rachel-j-hopman/)
- [Renee M. Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/renee-m-johnson/)
- [Renee M. St. Louis](https://aaafoundation.org/people/renee-m-st-louis/)
- [Robert A. Scopatz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/robert-a-scopatz/)
- [Sara Baird](https://aaafoundation.org/people/s-baird/)
- [Sergiu Stanciu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/s-stanciu/)
- [Samantha P. Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/samantha-p-baker/)
- [Sean Mebust](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sean-mebust/)
- [Thomas J. Epplin-Zapf](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thomas-j-epplin-zapf/)
- [Thomas M. Meuser](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thomas-m-meuser-phd/)
- [Tom E. Kimball](https://aaafoundation.org/people/tom-e-kimball/)
- [Vanya C. Jones](https://aaafoundation.org/people/vanya-c-jones/)
- [David L. Strayer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/david-l-strayer-phd/)
- [Madeleine M. McCarty](https://aaafoundation.org/people/madeleine-m-mccarty/)
- [Brian R. W. Baucom](https://aaafoundation.org/people/1903/)
- [Gus G. Erickson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/gus-g-erickson/)
- [Clara L. Lopes](https://aaafoundation.org/people/clara-l-lopes/)
- [Joel M. Cooper](https://aaafoundation.org/people/joel-m-cooper/)
- [Howard F. Andrews](https://aaafoundation.org/people/howard-f-andrews/)
- [Kuan Ting Chen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kuan-ting-chen/)
- [Samantha Pitts](https://aaafoundation.org/people/samantha-pitts/)
- [Andrea Gielen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/andrea-gielen/)
- [Talwar Amish](https://aaafoundation.org/people/talwar-amish/)
- [Linda L. Hill](https://aaafoundation.org/people/linda-l-hill/)
- [Cozette Comer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cozette-comer/)
- [Naomi Dunn](https://aaafoundation.org/people/naomi-dunn/)
- [Marissa Turturici](https://aaafoundation.org/people/marissa-turturici/)
- [Ryan C. Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ryan-c-smith/)
- [Douglas J. Beirness](https://aaafoundation.org/people/douglas-j-beirness-ph-d/)
- [Ryan Treffers](https://aaafoundation.org/people/r-treffers/)
- [Julie Kubelka](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-kubelka/)
- [James C. Fell](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-c-fell/)
- [Jonathon M. Vivoda](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jonathon-m-vivoda/)
- [David Strogatz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/d-strogatz-2/)
- [Abigail Gordon](https://aaafoundation.org/people/abigail-gordon/)
- [Marian E. Betz](https://aaafoundation.org/people/marian-e-betz/)
- [Patricia Pepa](https://aaafoundation.org/people/patricia-pepa/)
- [Edward R. Stollof](https://aaafoundation.org/people/edward-r-stollof-aicp/)
- [Ali Rowhani-Rahbar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ali-rowhani-rahbar/)
- [Qian Qiu](https://aaafoundation.org/people/qian-qiu/)
- [Kenneth A. Scott](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kenneth-a-scott/)
- [Melissa R. Pfeiffer](https://aaafoundation.org/people/melissa-r-pfeiffer-mph/)
- [Richard A. Marottoli](https://aaafoundation.org/people/richard-marottoli-md-mph/)
- [Francesco Biondi](https://aaafoundation.org/people/francesco-biondi-phd/)
- [Kristina B. Metzger](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kristina-b-metzger-phd/)
- [Allan F. Williams](https://aaafoundation.org/people/allan-f-williams-phd/)
- [Barry Logan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/barry-logan-ph-d-f-abft/)
- [Sherri L. Kacinko](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sherri-l-kacinko-ph-d-f-abft/)
- [Caleb Banta-Green](https://aaafoundation.org/people/caleb-banta-green/)
- [Anuj K. Pradhan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/anuj-k-pradhan/)
- [Shan Bao](https://aaafoundation.org/people/shan-bao/)
- [Jason Williams](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jason-williams/)
- [Allison E. Curry](https://aaafoundation.org/people/allison-e-curry-phd-mph/)
- [Jane Stutts](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jane-stutts-ph-d/)
- [Jean Wilkins](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jean-wilkins-ph-d/)
- [Jack M. Guralnik](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jack-m-guralnik-2/)
- [Lilian Hoffecker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lilian-hoffecker/)
- [Jack M. Guralnik](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jack-m-guralnik/)
- [Hugh McGee](https://aaafoundation.org/people/hugh-mcgee-ph-d-p-e/)
- [Marla Berg-Weger](https://aaafoundation.org/people/marla-berg-weger/)
- [Patricia Niewoehner](https://aaafoundation.org/people/patricia-niewoehner-otr-l-cdrs/)
- [Joon-Ki Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/people/joon-ki-kim-dsc/)
- [Peggy Barco](https://aaafoundation.org/people/peggy-barco-ms-otr-l/)
- [Katherine MacLean](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katherine-maclean-msw/)
- [Scott Osberg](https://aaafoundation.org/people/scott-osberg-phd/)
- [Susan P. Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/susan-p-baker-mph/)
- [Li-Hui Chen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/li-hui-chen-phd-ms/)
- [Linda Nyquist](https://aaafoundation.org/people/l-nyquist/)
- [Raymond Yung](https://aaafoundation.org/people/r-yung/)
- [Jacqui Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-smith/)
- [Scott E. Bogard](https://aaafoundation.org/people/scott-e-bogard/)
- [Guohua Li](https://aaafoundation.org/people/guohua-li-2/)
- [Jennifer S. Zakrajsek](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jennifer-s-zakrajsek/)
- [Deborah C. Girasek](https://aaafoundation.org/people/deborah-c-girasek/)
- [Daniel V. McGehee](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dan-mcgehee/)
- [Ashley McDonald](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ashley-mcdonald/)
- [Rachel M. Goethe](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rachel-m-goethe/)
- [Jess Esplin](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jess-esplin/)
- [Sydney M. Loveless](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sydney-m-loveless/)
- [Kelly L. Mackenzie](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kelly-l-mackenzie/)
- [Connor J. Motzkus](https://aaafoundation.org/people/connor-j-motzkus/)
- [Camille L. Wheatley](https://aaafoundation.org/people/camille-l-wheatley/)
- [Jeffrey S. Hickman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-s-hickman/)
- [Deanna Singhal](https://aaafoundation.org/people/deanna-singhal/)
- [Jurek G. Grabowski](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jurek-g-grabowski/)
- [Jessica M. Hutton](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jessica-m-hutton/)
- [Cynthia Owsley](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cynthia-owsley/)
- [Paul A. MacLennan](https://aaafoundation.org/people/paul-a-maclennan/)
- [Julie Tison](https://aaafoundation.org/people/julie-tison/)
- [Martha Waller](https://aaafoundation.org/people/martha-waller/)
- [Julie McClafferty](https://aaafoundation.org/people/julie-mcclafferty/)
- [Justin M. Owens](https://aaafoundation.org/people/justin-m-owens/)
- [Thomas A. Dingus](https://aaafoundation.org/people/thomas-a-dingus/)
- [Feng Guo](https://aaafoundation.org/people/feng-guo/)
- [Youjia Fang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/youjia-fang/)
- [Miguel Perez](https://aaafoundation.org/people/miguel-perez/)
- [J. Rybar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/j-rybar/)
- [Michael A. Fields](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-a-fields/)
- [Reginald R. Souleyrette](https://aaafoundation.org/people/reginald-r-souleyrette/)
- [Zachary N. Hans](https://aaafoundation.org/people/zachary-n-hans/)
- [Douglas W. Harwood](https://aaafoundation.org/people/douglas-w-harwood/)
- [Philip J. Kellman](https://aaafoundation.org/people/philip-j-kellman/)
- [Rachel M. Older](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rachel-m-older/)
- [Donald L. Fisher](https://aaafoundation.org/people/donald-l-fisher/)
- [Matthew C. Camden](https://aaafoundation.org/people/467/)
- [Richard J. Hanowski](https://aaafoundation.org/people/richard-j-hanowski/)
- [Andrew M. Miller](https://aaafoundation.org/people/andrew-m-miller/)
- [Lisa J. Molnar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lisa-j-molnar/)
- [Nate Medeiros-Ward](https://aaafoundation.org/people/nate-medeiros-ward/)
- [Irene Rodriguez](https://aaafoundation.org/people/irene-rodriguez/)
- [Alicia Nelson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alicia-nelson/)
- [Katie Womack](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katie-womack/)
- [Bari Kotwal](https://aaafoundation.org/people/bari-kotwal/)
- [Robert Santos](https://aaafoundation.org/people/rob-santos/)
- [Kathryn Clinton](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kathryn-clinton/)
- [Larry Lonero](https://aaafoundation.org/people/larry-lonero/)
- [Ward Vanlaar](https://aaafoundation.org/people/ward-vanlaar/)
- [Herb Simpson](https://aaafoundation.org/people/herb-simpson/)
- [Katherine Wood](https://aaafoundation.org/people/katherine-wood/)
- [Kyla Marcoux](https://aaafoundation.org/people/kyla-marcoux/)
- [Dan Mayhew](https://aaafoundation.org/people/dan-mayhew/)
- [Hailey Ingebretsen](https://aaafoundation.org/people/hailey-ingebretsen/)
- [Carol Martell](https://aaafoundation.org/people/carol-martell/)
- [Scott Masten](https://aaafoundation.org/people/scott-masten/)
- [Bruce Hamilton](https://aaafoundation.org/people/bruce-hamilton/)
- [Nicole Zanier](https://aaafoundation.org/people/nicole-zanier/)
- [Liang Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/liang-zhang/)
- [John Hinch](https://aaafoundation.org/people/john-hinch/)
- [Michael Freitas](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-freitas/)
- [Jeffrey Bagdade](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jeffrey-bagdade/)
- [Suzanne Murtha](https://aaafoundation.org/people/suzanne-murtha/)
- [Eli Rogers](https://aaafoundation.org/people/eli-rogers/)
- [Mireille Raby](https://aaafoundation.org/people/mireille-raby/)
- [Madonna Weiss](https://aaafoundation.org/people/madonna-weiss/)
- [Karisa Harland](https://aaafoundation.org/people/karisa-harland/)
- [Stanford Chihuri](https://aaafoundation.org/people/stanford-chihuri/)
- [Cher Carney](https://aaafoundation.org/people/cher-carney/)
- [Clifford Winston](https://aaafoundation.org/people/clifford-winston/)
- [Vikram Maheshri](https://aaafoundation.org/people/vikram-maheshri/)
- [Timothy Burke](https://aaafoundation.org/people/timothy-burke/)
- [Bridie Scott-Parker](https://aaafoundation.org/people/bridie-scott-parker/)
- [Michael Gill](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-gill/)
- [Neil Lerner](https://aaafoundation.org/people/neil-lerner/)
- [Siby Samuel](https://aaafoundation.org/people/siby-samuel/)
- [Michael Knodler](https://aaafoundation.org/people/michael-knodler/)
- [Lisa Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/people/lisa-zhang/)
- [Jared Young](https://aaafoundation.org/people/jared-young/)
- [Alejandra Medina-Flintsch](https://aaafoundation.org/people/alejandra-medina-flintsch/)
- [Tim Triplett](https://aaafoundation.org/people/tim-triplett/)
- [Sandra Rosenbloom](https://aaafoundation.org/people/sandra-rosenbloom/)

## External Pubs

- [Estimating cannabis involvement in fatal crashes in Washington State before and after the legalization of recreational cannabis consumption using multiple imputation of missing values](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/estimating-cannabis-involvement-in-fatal-crashes-in-washington-state-before-and-after-the-legalization-of-recreational-cannabis-consumption-using-multiple-imputation-of-missing-values/)
- [Driver expectations of a partial driving automation system in relation to branding and training](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/driver-expectations-of-a-partial-driving-automation-system-in-relation-to-branding-and-training/)
- [Driver license renewal policies and fatal crash involvement rates of older drivers, United States, 1986 – 2011](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/driver-license-renewal-policies-and-fatal-crash-involvement-rates-of-older-drivers-united-states-1986-2011/)
- [Prevalence of motor vehicle crashes involving drowsy drivers, United States](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/prevalence-motor-vehicle-crashes-involving-drowsy-drivers-united-states/)
- [Risks older drivers pose to themselves and to other road users](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/risks-older-drivers-pose-to-themselves-and-to-other-road-users/)
- [Impact speed and a pedestrian's risk of severe injury or death](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/impact-speed-pedestrians-risk-severe-injury-death/)
- [Calibration of skill and judgment in driving: Development of a conceptual framework and the implications for road safety](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/calibration-of-skill-and-judgment-in-driving-development-of-a-conceptual-framework-and-the-implications-for-road-safety/)
- [High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/high-risk-of-near-crash-driving-events-following-night-shift-work/)
- [Automated driving: Safety blind spots](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/automated-driving-safety-blind-spots/)
- [Does talking on a cell phone, with a passenger, or dialing affect driving performance? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/does-talking-on-a-cell-phone-with-a-passenger-or-dialing-affect-driving-performance-an-updated-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-experimental-studies/)
- [Age-related differences in the cognitive, visual, and temporal demands of in-vehicle information systems](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/age-related-differences-in-the-cognitive-visual-and-temporal-demands-of-in-vehicle-information-systems/)
- [A driving simulation study to examine the impact of available sight distance on driver behavior along rural highways](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/a-driving-simulation-study-to-examine-the-impact-of-available-sight-distance-on-driver-behavior-along-rural-highways/)
- [Safety impacts and benefits of connected and automated vehicles: How real are they?](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/safety-impacts-and-benefits-of-connected-and-automated-vehicles-how-real-are-they/)
- [Public Understanding, Comfort, and Trust of Automated Vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/public-understanding-comfort-and-trust-of-automated-vehicles/)
- [Reducing Crash Risk and Improving Traffic Safety: Research on Driver Behavior and Performance](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/reducing-crash-risk-and-improving-traffic-safety-research-on-driver-behavior-and-performance/)
- [Developments in Connected and Automated Vehicles (2018)](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/developments-in-connected-and-automated-vehicles-2018/)
- [Acute sleep deprivation and culpable motor vehicle crash involvement](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/acute-sleep-deprivation-and-culpable-motor-vehicle-crash-involvement/)
- [Integrating GIS and Microscopic Traffic Simulation to Analyze Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Construction](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/integrating-gis-microscopic-traffic-simulation-analyze-impacts-transportation-infrastructure-construction/)
- [Factors associated with hit-and-run pedestrian fatalities and driver identification](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/factors-associated-hit-run-pedestrian-fatalities-driver-identification/)
- [Design and Benefit-Cost Analysis of Deploying Freeway Incident Response Units : Case Study for Capital Beltway in Maryland](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/design-benefit-cost-analysis-deploying-freeway-incident-response-units-case-study-capital-beltway-maryland/)
- [Development of a Hybrid Model for Freeway Incident Duration: A Case Study in Maryland](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/development-hybrid-model-freeway-incident-duration-case-study-maryland/)
- [Interpretation of oxycodone concentrations in oral fluid](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/interpretation-oxycodone-concentrations-oral-fluid/)
- [Discriminant Analysis of Driver Behavior before Safety Critical Events](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/disciminant-analysis-driver-behavior-safety-critical-events/)
- [Why Drivers Do What They Do](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/why-drivers-do-what-they-do/)
- [Comparing drug detection in oral fluid and blood: Data from a national sample of nighttime drivers.](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/comparing-drug-detection-oral-fluid-blood-data-national-sample-nighttime-drivers/)
- [Drinking and driving in the United States: Comparing results from the 2007 and 1996 National Roadside Surveys](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/drinking-driving-united-states-comparing-results-2007-1996-national-roadside-surveys/)
- [ATMS: An Integrated Multi-Criteria System for Assessing Detour Decisions during Non-recurrent Freeway Congestion](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/atms-integrated-multi-criteria-system-assessing-detour-decisions-non-recurrent-freeway-congestion/)
- [Decision Model for Justifying the Benefits of Detour Operation under Non-Recurrent Congestion](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/decision-model-justifying-benefits-detour-operation-non-recurrent-congestion/)
- [Teen driver risk in relation to age and number of passengers, United States](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/teen-driver-risk-relation-age-number-passengers-united-states/)
- [Design of an Efficient Emergency Response System to Minimize the Incident Impacts on Highway Networks: A Case Study for Maryland District 7 Network](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/design-efficient-emergency-response-system-minimize-incident-impacts-highway-networks-case-study-maryland-district-7-network/)
- [Design and Evaluation of Operational Strategies for Deploying Emergency Response Teams: Dispatching or Patrolling](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/design-evaluation-operational-strategies-deploying-emergency-response-teams-dispatching-patrolling/)
- [Using Human Information Processing Principles to Design Advanced Traveler Information Systems](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/using-human-information-processing-principles-design-advanced-traveler-information-systems/)
- [Designing Advanced Traveler Information Systems from a Driver's Perspective: Results of a Driving Simulation Study](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/designing-advanced-traveler-information-systems-drivers-perspective-results-driving-simulation-study/)
- [Analysis of Red Light Violation Data Collected from Intersections Equipped with Red Light Photo Enforcement Cameras](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/analysis-red-light-violation-data-collected-intersections-equipped-red-light-photo-enforcement-cameras/)
- [Trends in Transit Bus Accidents and Promising Collision Countermeasure](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/trends-transit-bus-accidents-promising-collision-countermeasure/)
- [Examining Driver Behavior Using Data Gathered from Red Light Photo Enforcement Cameras](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/examining-driver-behavior-using-data-gathered-red-light-photo-enforcement-cameras/)
- [Alcohol and other drug use and the transition from riding to driving](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/alcohol-drug-use-transition-riding-driving/)
- [Licensing teenagers: Nontraffic risks and benefits in the transition to driving status](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/licensing-teenagers-nontraffic-risks-benefits-transition-driving-status/)
- [Female involvement in U.S. nonfatal crashes under a three-level hierarchical crash model](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/female-involvement-u-s-nonfatal-crashes-three-level-hierarchical-crash-model/)
- [Association Between Roadway Intersection Characteristics and Pedestrian Crash Risk in Alameda County, California](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/association-roadway-intersection-characteristics-pedestrian-crash-risk-alameda-county-california/)
- [Managing Traffic Operations during Adverse Weather Events](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/managing-traffic-operations-adverse-weather-events/)
- [The Science and Art of Putting Drivers Under The Microscope](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/science-art-putting-drivers-microscope/)
- [DUI offenders’ experience with an ignition interlock program: Comparing those who have and have not converted from their primary drinking location.](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/dui-offenders-experience-ignition-interlock-program-comparing-not-converted-primary-drinking-location/)
- [Driver licensing and reason for delaying licensure among young adults age 18-20, United States](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/driver-licensing-reason-delaying-licensure-among-young-adults-age-18-20-united-states/)
- [Receipt of Warnings Regarding Potentially Impairing Prescription Medications and Associated Risk Perceptions in a National Sample of U.S. Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/receipt-warnings-regarding-potentially-impairing-prescription-medications-associated-risk-perceptions-national-sample-u-s-drivers/)
- [Developments in Connected and Automated Vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/developments-connected-automated-vehicles/)
- [Impact of Drivers' Attitudes, Decisions, and Behaviors on Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/impact-drivers-attitudes-decisions-behaviors-traffic-safety/)
- [Cognition-based hierarchical en route planning for multi-agent traffic simulation](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/cognition-based-hierarchical-en-route-planning-multi-agent-traffic-simulation/)
- [An Examination of the Effectiveness of Child Endangerment Laws in Preventing Child Fatalities in Alcohol-Involved Motor Vehicle Crashes.](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/examination-effectiveness-child-endangerment-laws-preventing-child-fatalities-alcohol-involved-motor-vehicle-crashes/)
- [Impact of road environment on drivers’ behaviors in dilemma zone: Application of agent-based simulations](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/impact-road-environment-drivers-behaviors-dilemma-zone-application-agent-based-simulationsojung/)
- [Calibration of skill and judgment in driving: Development of a conceptual framework and the implications for road safety](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/calibration-skill-judgment-driving-development-conceptual-framework-implications-road-safety/)
- [The relationship between age and driving attitudes and behaviors among older Americans](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/relationship-age-driving-attitudes-behaviors-among-older-americans/)
- [Design of Real-Time Emergency Response System for Highway Networks: Application for High Frequency of Traffic Emergency Events during Peak Hours](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/design-real-time-emergency-response-system-highway-networks-application-high-frequency-traffic-emergency-events-peak-hours/)
- [Drinking and driving and perceptions of arrest risk among California drivers: Relationships with DUI arrests in their city of residence](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/drinking-driving-perceptions-arrest-risk-among-california-drivers-relationships-dui-arrests-city-residence/)
- [Automated driving: Safety blind spots](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/automated-driving-safety-bind-spots/)
- [Comparison of older and younger novice driver crash rates: Informing the need for extending Graduated Driver Licensing restrictions](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/comparison-older-younger-novice-driver-crash-rates-informing-need-extending-graduated-driver-licensing-restrictions/)
- [Cultural predictors of future intention to drive under the influence of cannabis (DUIC)](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/cultural-predictors-future-intention-drive-influence-cannabis-duic/)
- [Prevalence of Self-Reported Drug Use in a National Sample of U.S. Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/external_publication/prevalence-self-reported-drug-use-national-sample-u-s-drivers/)

## Timeline

- [2016](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2016/) - The AAA Foundation cast a new vision in its research work and established four new research priorities to address current and future traffic safety needs: Driver Behavior & Performance Emerging Technologies Roadway Systems & Drivers Vulnerable Road Users
- [2022](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2022/) - As the COVID-19 pandemic upended American life, its impacts are felt on the roads as well. The AAA Foundation's unique research and data shed light on the most important changes and trends.
- [2021](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2021/) - Through vehicle crash tests, the AAA Foundation clearly demonstrated the danger of speeding. Research findings suggested a holistic approach when considering changes in the posted speed limits on roadways.
- [2020](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2020/) - Many new vehicles include technology to automatically brake to help avoid a crash; some even accelerate and steer themselves under certain conditions. Research from the AAA Foundation demonstrated the importance of ensuring that drivers understand these technologies, as well as the perils of over-hyping their capabilities or glossing over their limitations.
- [2019](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2019/) - Fueled by the growing number of states legalizing recreational use of marijuana and concerns over drug-impaired driving, AAA Foundation conducted research to determine the traffic safety impact.
- [2014](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2014/) - The AAA Foundation launched research to track three thousands of drivers over time as they age, to understand the safety and mobility needs of the older drivers of tomorrow.
- [2013](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2013/) - The AAA Foundation conducted research to measure mental distraction in the vehicle and encouraged automakers to carefully examine the safety impacts of their vehicle systems.
- [2008](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2008/) - The AAA Foundation launched its first annual Traffic Safety Culture Index, an annual survey of driving behavior and attitudes about traffic safety among the American public.
- [2007](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2007/) - The AAA Foundation research demonstrated the lifesaving benefits of new licensing systems designed to ease new drivers onto the road and help them to gain experience safely. At AAA's urging, the programs were adopted in every U.S. state.
- [2006](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/2006/) - The AAA Foundation developed a protocol to rate the relative risk of roads, to help road authorities identify where safety investments can have the greatest impact.
- [1990s (cont.)](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1990s-3/) - The AAA Foundation provided a roadmap to lead driver education into the 21st century with its Novice Driver Education Model Curriculum Outline.
- [1990s (cont.)](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1990s-2/) - As mobile phones increase in popularity, so do concerns about driver distraction. Innovative AAA Foundation research measured potential risks associated with distracted driving.
- [1990s](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1990s/) - The AAA Foundation research sounded the alarm on drowsy driving, an underappreciated cause of crashes, injuries, and deaths on our roads.
- [1980s](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1980s/) - The AAA Foundation launched projects on safe playing for preschoolers, films on drunk driving for elementary students, and studies on urban mini-cars and school buses.
- [1970s](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1970s/) - The AAA Foundation studied commuting, marijuana use and driving, radio use in cars, and first used the term driving while intoxicated.
- [1947](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1947/) - AAA established the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety on November 4th to address growing roadway safety issues.
- [1960s](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1960s/) - The AAA Foundation released early studies on younger drivers, a comparison of driver’s education programs, and changes to driver training techniques. The first AAA Foundation study on vehicle design deficiencies was commenced.
- [1950s](https://aaafoundation.org/timeline/1950s/) - The AAA Foundation used cartoons, TV shows, and products created by Disney Studios to reach young audiences. Five films promote good highway driving techniques.

## MailPoet Page

- [MailPoet Page](https://aaafoundation.org/?mailpoet_page=captcha) - [mailpoet_page]
- [MailPoet Page](https://aaafoundation.org/?mailpoet_page=subscriptions) - [mailpoet_page]

## Categories

- [Driver Behavior & Performance](https://aaafoundation.org/category/driver-behavior-performance/)
- [Emerging Technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/category/emerging-technologies/)
- [Roadway Systems & Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/category/roadway-systems-drivers/)
- [Vulnerable Road Users](https://aaafoundation.org/category/vulnerable-road-users/)
- [Ongoing Research](https://aaafoundation.org/category/ongoing-research/)
- [General Information](https://aaafoundation.org/category/general-information/)
- [Safe System Approach Case Study](https://aaafoundation.org/category/ssa-case-study/)

## Tags

- [drowsy driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drowsy-driving/)
- [traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-safety/)
- [Safety Culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety-culture/)
- [traffic study](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-study/)
- [teen driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-driver-safety/)
- [driver training](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-training/)
- [NHTSA](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/nhtsa/)
- [teen driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-driver/)
- [young driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/young-driver/)
- [distracted driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/distracted-driving/)
- [texting and driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/texting-and-driving/)
- [Senior safety and mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-safety-and-mobility/)
- [senior driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-driver-safety/)
- [mobile](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mobile/)
- [mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mobility/)
- [aaa foundation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aaa-foundation/)
- [crash risk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-risk/)
- [older driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-driver/)
- [elderly driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/elderly-driver/)
- [age](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/age/)
- [passenger](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/passenger/)
- [risk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/risk/)
- [senior safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-safety/)
- [fatal crash](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatal-crash/)
- [teenage passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teenage-passengers/)
- [teen passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-passengers/)
- [graduated driver licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/graduated-driver-licensing/)
- [Journal of Safety research](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/journal-of-safety-research/)
- [research](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/research/)
- [traffic safety research](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-safety-research/)
- [longroad](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad/)
- [crash](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash/)
- [traffic research](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-research/)
- [driver age](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-age/)
- [old driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/old-driver/)
- [senior driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-driver/)
- [tired](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tired/)
- [sleepy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/sleepy/)
- [2012 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2012-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [study](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/study/)
- [data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/data/)
- [cognitive distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cognitive-distraction/)
- [vulnerable](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vulnerable/)
- [large truck](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/large-truck/)
- [semi](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/semi/)
- [road safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-safety/)
- [brakes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/brakes/)
- [parental supervision](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/parental-supervision/)
- [novice driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/novice-driver/)
- [supervised driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/supervised-driving/)
- [study data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/study-data/)
- [UNC Highway Safety Research Center](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/unc-highway-safety-research-center/)
- [warning systems](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/warning-systems/)
- [graduated drivers license](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/graduated-drivers-license/)
- [18](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/18/)
- [adult license](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adult-license/)
- [driver research](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-research/)
- [infrastructure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/infrastructure/)
- [traffic study. LATCH](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-study-latch/)
- [vehicle feature](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-feature/)
- [car feature](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/car-feature/)
- [2016 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2016-traffic-safety/)
- [traffic data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-data/)
- [2013 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2013-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [Impaired Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impaired-driving/)
- [vehicle crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-crashes/)
- [car accidents](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/car-accidents/)
- [traffic injuries](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-injuries/)
- [traffic deaths](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-deaths/)
- [child passenger safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/child-passenger-safety/)
- [car technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/car-technology/)
- [vehicle technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-technology/)
- [drowsy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drowsy/)
- [survey](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/survey/)
- [LATCH](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/latch/)
- [child passenger safety technicians](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/child-passenger-safety-technicians/)
- [kids](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/kids/)
- [carseat](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/carseat/)
- [road debris](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-debris/)
- [traffic accidents](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-accidents/)
- [collisions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/collisions/)
- [aggressive driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aggressive-driving/)
- [road rage](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-rage/)
- [mature driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mature-driver/)
- [travel behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/travel-behavior/)
- [medication](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medication/)
- [medical condition](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medical-condition/)
- [policy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/policy/)
- [driver's license renewal](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drivers-license-renewal/)
- [cannabis](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cannabis/)
- [marijuana](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/marijuana/)
- [driving under the influence](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-under-the-influence/)
- [pot](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pot/)
- [drugged driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drugged-driving/)
- [fatal crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatal-crashes/)
- [driver trends](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-trends/)
- [license](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/license/)
- [alcohol](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/alcohol/)
- [Manitoba](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/manitoba/)
- [Oregon](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/oregon/)
- [beginner driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/beginner-driver/)
- [driver education program](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-education-program/)
- [diagnostics](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/diagnostics/)
- [safety defects](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety-defects/)
- [pedestrian](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pedestrian/)
- [fatality](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatality/)
- [accident](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/accident/)
- [highway](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/highway/)
- [death](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/death/)
- [facts](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/facts/)
- [mental workload](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mental-workload/)
- [voice](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/voice/)
- [infotainment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/infotainment/)
- [vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle/)
- [feature](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/feature/)
- [car](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/car/)
- [vehicle system](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-system/)
- [focus](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/focus/)
- [tasks](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tasks/)
- [technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/technology/)
- [distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/distraction/)
- [driving behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-behaviors/)
- [crash rates](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-rates/)
- [graduated driver's licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/graduated-drivers-licensing/)
- [young drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/young-drivers/)
- [2015 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2015-traffic-culture/)
- [weather](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/weather/)
- [dangerous driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dangerous-driving/)
- [Senior Safety & Mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-safety-mobility/)
- [2010-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2010-2014/)
- [2017 forum](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2017-forum/)
- [vehicle automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-automation/)
- [fog](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fog/)
- [traffic](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic/)
- [wreck](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/wreck/)
- [collision](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/collision/)
- [statistics](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/statistics/)
- [national highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/national-highway-safety/)
- [weather conditions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/weather-conditions/)
- [crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crashes/)
- [wrecks](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/wrecks/)
- [exhausted](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/exhausted/)
- [fall asleep behind wheel](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fall-asleep-behind-wheel/)
- [seniors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/seniors/)
- [2014 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2014-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [habits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/habits/)
- [traffic statistics](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-statistics/)
- [driving data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-data/)
- [driver behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-behavior/)
- [older drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-drivers/)
- [senior drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior-drivers/)
- [2015 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2015-traffic-safety/)
- [american driving survey](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/american-driving-survey/)
- [cell phones](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cell-phones/)
- [mobile phones](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mobile-phones/)
- [hands-free](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/hands-free/)
- [teen driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-driving/)
- [dui](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dui/)
- [dwi](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dwi/)
- [license suspension](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/license-suspension/)
- [drinking](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drinking/)
- [drunk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drunk/)
- [traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-culture/)
- [traffic safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-safety-culture/)
- [crosswalk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crosswalk/)
- [signal](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/signal/)
- [elderly](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/elderly/)
- [driving performance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-performance/)
- [teens](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teens/)
- [early driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/early-driving/)
- [speeding](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speeding/)
- [pedestrian death](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pedestrian-death/)
- [impact speed](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impact-speed/)
- [severe injury](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/severe-injury/)
- [unsupervised driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/unsupervised-driving/)
- [unbelted](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/unbelted/)
- [lane departure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/lane-departure/)
- [commercial vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/commercial-vehicle/)
- [young driver crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/young-driver-crashes/)
- [driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-safety/)
- [2008 safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2008-safety-culture/)
- [drivers license](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drivers-license/)
- [early adopters](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/early-adopters/)
- [medical fitness](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medical-fitness/)
- [state reporting](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/state-reporting/)
- [2010 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2010-traffic-culture/)
- [Illinois](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/illinois/)
- [Kentucky](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/kentucky/)
- [New Mexico](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/new-mexico/)
- [Utah](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/utah/)
- [Iowa](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/iowa/)
- [Washington](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/washington/)
- [road assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-assessment/)
- [New Jersey](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/new-jersey/)
- [2009 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2009-traffic-safety/)
- [rural traffic safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/rural-traffic-safety-culture/)
- [Western Transportation Institute](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/western-transportation-institute/)
- [Research and Innovative Technology Administration](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/research-and-innovative-technology-administration/)
- [Montana Department of Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/montana-department-of-transportation/)
- [Federal Highway Administration](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/federal-highway-administration/)
- [AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aaa-foundation-for-traffic-safety/)
- [rural traffic](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/rural-traffic/)
- [elderly drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/elderly-drivers/)
- [pharmaceutical](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pharmaceutical/)
- [medicine](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medicine/)
- [prescription medication](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/prescription-medication/)
- [driving while impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-while-impaired/)
- [apple](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/apple/)
- [google](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/google/)
- [android](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/android/)
- [in-vehicle technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/in-vehicle-technology/)
- [distracted](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/distracted/)
- [healthcare](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/healthcare/)
- [driving cessation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-cessation/)
- [stop driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/stop-driving/)
- [2013](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2013/)
- [2014](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2014/)
- [2013-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2013-2014/)
- [teen crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-crashes/)
- [fleet drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fleet-drivers/)
- [naturalistic driving data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/naturalistic-driving-data/)
- [self-regulation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/self-regulation/)
- [2007 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2007-traffic-culture/)
- [2017 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/2017-traffic-safety/)
- [safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety/)
- [highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/highway-safety/)
- [tractor trailer safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tractor-trailer-safety/)
- [tractor trailer highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tractor-trailer-highway-safety/)
- [driving behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-behavior/)
- [red-light running](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/red-light-running/)
- [texting while driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/texting-while-driving/)
- [emailing while driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emailing-while-driving/)
- [risky and aggressive driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/risky-and-aggressive-driving/)
- [impaired by alcohol or other drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impaired-by-alcohol-or-other-drugs/)
- [Marijuana Use in Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/marijuana-use-in-older-drivers/)
- [Colorado](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/colorado/)
- [Marijuana Use](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/marijuana-use/)
- [Impaired by alcohol or drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impaired-by-alcohol-or-drugs/)
- [Impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impaired/)
- [Drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drugs/)
- [Under the influence](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/under-the-influence/)
- [Longitudinal Research on Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longitudinal-research-on-older-drivers/)
- [Vulnerable Road Users](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vulnerable-road-users/)
- [LongROAD study](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-study/)
- [Aftermarket vehicle adaptation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aftermarket-vehicle-adaptation/)
- [In-vehicle advanced technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/in-vehicle-advanced-technology/)
- [Advanced driver-assistance systems](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/advanced-driver-assistance-systems/)
- [Aging](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aging/)
- [Vehicle Maintenance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-maintenance/)
- [Vehicle Damage](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-damage/)
- [Hit-and-Run](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/hit-and-run/)
- [Pedestrians](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pedestrians/)
- [Bicyclists](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/bicyclists/)
- [Fatalities](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatalities/)
- [Countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/countermeasures/)
- [deadly crash](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/deadly-crash/)
- [remain on the scene](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/remain-on-the-scene/)
- [prescription](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/prescription/)
- [prescribed](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/prescribed/)
- [over-the-counter](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/over-the-counter/)
- [overthecounter](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/overthecounter/)
- [OTC](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/otc/)
- [druggeddriving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/druggeddriving/)
- [drug-impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-impaired/)
- [pharmacy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pharmacy/)
- [drug](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug/)
- [DUII](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/duii/)
- [Opioid](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/opioid/)
- [Opioids](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/opioids/)
- [Heroin](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/heroin/)
- [senior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/senior/)
- [driving instructor](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-instructor/)
- [driving school](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-school/)
- [older evaluation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-evaluation/)
- [assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/assessment/)
- [Check-Up](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/check-up/)
- [Checkup](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/checkup/)
- [Occupational therapist](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/occupational-therapist/)
- [Driver rehabilitation specialist](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-rehabilitation-specialist/)
- [Driving rehabilitation specialist](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-rehabilitation-specialist/)
- [Service](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/service/)
- [Pilot test](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pilot-test/)
- [Development](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/development/)
- [Referral](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/referral/)
- [Training](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/training/)
- [Liability](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/liability/)
- [Elin Schold Davis](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/elin-schold-davis/)
- [novice drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/novice-drivers/)
- [parents](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/parents/)
- [graduated driver license (gdl)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/graduated-driver-license-gdl/)
- [orientation sessions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/orientation-sessions/)
- [learning to drive](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/learning-to-drive/)
- [teen drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen-drivers/)
- [drug-impaired driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-impaired-driving/)
- [course](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/course/)
- [judge](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/judge/)
- [prosecute](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/prosecute/)
- [prosecution](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/prosecution/)
- [court](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/court/)
- [adjudication](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adjudication/)
- [adjudicating](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adjudicating/)
- [national judicial college](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/national-judicial-college/)
- [national district attorneys association](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/national-district-attorneys-association/)
- [In-vehicle Information System](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/in-vehicle-information-system/)
- [IVIS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ivis/)
- [Driver distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-distraction/)
- [Demand](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/demand/)
- [Driver workload](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-workload/)
- [Cognitive demand](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cognitive-demand/)
- [Visual demand](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/visual-demand/)
- [Eyes-off-road](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/eyes-off-road/)
- [Mental demand](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mental-demand/)
- [Apple CarPlay](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/apple-carplay/)
- [Google Android Auto](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/google-android-auto/)
- [Voice commands](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/voice-commands/)
- [Touchscreen](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/touchscreen/)
- [Calling/dialing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/calling-dialing/)
- [Call](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/call/)
- [Dial](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dial/)
- [Text](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/text/)
- [Text messaging](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/text-messaging/)
- [Radio](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/radio/)
- [Audio entertainment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/audio-entertainment/)
- [Navigation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/navigation/)
- [countermeasure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/countermeasure/)
- [intervention](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/intervention/)
- [strategy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/strategy/)
- [strategies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/strategies/)
- [adapt](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adapt/)
- [drugged](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drugged/)
- [SFST](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/sfst/)
- [enforcement](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/enforcement/)
- [legal](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/legal/)
- [education](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/education/)
- [media](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/media/)
- [ADAS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adas/)
- [Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/automatic-emergency-braking-aeb/)
- [Forward Collision Warning (FCW)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/forward-collision-warning-fcw/)
- [Lane Departure Warning (LDW)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/lane-departure-warning-ldw/)
- [Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/lane-keeping-assistance-lka/)
- [Blind Spot Monitor (BSM)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/blind-spot-monitor-bsm/)
- [Emerging vehicle technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emerging-vehicle-technologies/)
- [Crash avoidance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-avoidance/)
- [Crash mitigation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-mitigation/)
- [Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/rear-cross-traffic-alert-rcta/)
- [Consumer education](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/consumer-education/)
- [Mental models](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mental-models/)
- [Vehicle safety technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-safety-technologies/)
- [Limitations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/limitations/)
- [Safety technology limitations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety-technology-limitations/)
- [Teen](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teen/)
- [Driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver/)
- [Other Passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/other-passengers/)
- [Fatality rate Passenger](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatality-rate-passenger/)
- [Night](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/night/)
- [Nighttime](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/nighttime/)
- [Summer](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/summer/)
- [Driving Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-safety/)
- [Aging driver](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aging-driver/)
- [Poor visual function](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/poor-visual-function/)
- [Poor vision](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/poor-vision/)
- [Good visual function](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/good-visual-function/)
- [Good vision](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/good-vision/)
- [Visual-spatial abilities](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/visual-spatial-abilities/)
- [Nighttime driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/nighttime-driving/)
- [Vision](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vision/)
- [Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving/)
- [pharma](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pharma/)
- [medications](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medications/)
- [American Hospital Foundation Service System](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/american-hospital-foundation-service-system/)
- [medication types](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medication-types/)
- [multiple medications](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/multiple-medications/)
- [synergy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/synergy/)
- [Potentially Inappropriate Medications](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/potentially-inappropriate-medications/)
- [PIMS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pims/)
- [Older Driver Medications](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-driver-medications/)
- [Beers Criteria](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/beers-criteria/)
- [Increase Crash Risk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/increase-crash-risk/)
- [older adults](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-adults/)
- [driving exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-exposure/)
- [patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/patterns/)
- [driving patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-patterns/)
- [Emerging Technology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emerging-technology/)
- [Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/automation/)
- [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas/)
- [Automated Driving Systems (ADS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/automated-driving-systems-ads/)
- [Driver Behavior and Performance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-behavior-and-performance/)
- [Diving exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/diving-exposure/)
- [Driving populations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-populations/)
- [drug evaluation and classification](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-evaluation-and-classification/)
- [drug recognition expert](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-recognition-expert/)
- [DRE](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dre/)
- [DREs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dres/)
- [DEC](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dec/)
- [DECP](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/decp/)
- [per se](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/per-se/)
- [per se law](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/per-se-law/)
- [feasibility](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/feasibility/)
- [Quality of Life](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/quality-of-life/)
- [Health-Related Quality of Life](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/health-related-quality-of-life/)
- [Exercise](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/exercise/)
- [Stretching](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/stretching/)
- [PROMIS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/promis/)
- [Keeping the Keys](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/keeping-the-keys/)
- [Driving Retirement](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-retirement/)
- [Older People](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-people/)
- [Intoxicated](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/intoxicated/)
- [Driving drunk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-drunk/)
- [drunk driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drunk-driving/)
- [Alternate Sources of Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/alternate-sources-of-transportation/)
- [Alternate Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/alternate-transportation/)
- [Alternate Transportation Sources](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/alternate-transportation-sources/)
- [Older People Alternate](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-people-alternate/)
- [Transportation Sources](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/transportation-sources/)
- [Posted Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/posted-speed-limits/)
- [Setting Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/setting-speed-limits/)
- [Setting Speed Limit Methods](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/setting-speed-limit-methods/)
- [Current Practice for Setting Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/current-practice-for-setting-speed-limits/)
- [85th percentile Operating Speed](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/85th-percentile-operating-speed/)
- [Expert System](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/expert-system/)
- [USLIMITS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/uslimits/)
- [USLIMITS2](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/uslimits2/)
- [Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speed-limits/)
- [Frailty status](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/frailty-status/)
- [Frailty Status with Driving Habits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/frailty-status-with-driving-habits/)
- [Low-Mileage Driver Status](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/low-mileage-driver-status/)
- [Safe mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safe-mobility/)
- [Driving habits](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-habits/)
- [risky driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/risky-driving/)
- [Aging drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/aging-drivers/)
- [In-vehicle Information System (IVIS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/in-vehicle-information-system-ivis/)
- [licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/licensing/)
- [driver education](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-education/)
- [teenage drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/teenage-drivers/)
- [older novice drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/older-novice-drivers/)
- [LongROAD driving comfort](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-driving-comfort/)
- [Driving Comfort](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-comfort/)
- [LongROAD self-regulation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-self-regulation/)
- [Self-Regulation among Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/self-regulation-among-older-drivers/)
- [distract*](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/distract/)
- [inattention](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/inattention/)
- [cellphone](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cellphone/)
- [handheld](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/handheld/)
- [cell phone](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cell-phone/)
- [hand-held](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/hand-held/)
- [Advanced driver assistances systems (ADAS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/advanced-driver-assistances-systems-adas/)
- [Naturalistic driving study (NDS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/naturalistic-driving-study-nds/)
- [Adaptive cruise control (ACC)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adaptive-cruise-control-acc/)
- [Lane-keep assist (LKA)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/lane-keep-assist-lka/)
- [Level 1 and Level 2 automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/level-1-and-level-2-automation/)
- [Secondary task engagement](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/secondary-task-engagement/)
- [Unintended consequences](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/unintended-consequences/)
- [Drowsiness](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drowsiness/)
- [Fatigue](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatigue/)
- [Eye glance behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/eye-glance-behavior/)
- [Safety critical events](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety-critical-events/)
- [Automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/automated-vehicles/)
- [Perception of automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/perception-of-automated-vehicles/)
- [Distrust and discomfort toward automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/distrust-and-discomfort-toward-automated-vehicles/)
- [Expectations and concerns about automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/expectations-and-concerns-about-automated-vehicles/)
- [Implied consent](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/implied-consent/)
- [Drug testing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-testing/)
- [Impairment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impairment/)
- [Reporting](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/reporting/)
- [State policies and practices](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/state-policies-and-practices/)
- [Drug use by drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-use-by-drivers/)
- [Drug use by drivers in crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-use-by-drivers-in-crashes/)
- [Sentinel surveillance system](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/sentinel-surveillance-system/)
- [THC](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/thc/)
- [DUID](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/duid/)
- [driver license*](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-license/)
- [policies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/policies/)
- [practices](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/practices/)
- [medically-at-risk](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medically-at-risk/)
- [driving restrictions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-restrictions/)
- [Workload](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/workload/)
- [arousal](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/arousal/)
- [driver physiology](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-physiology/)
- [on-road](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/on-road/)
- [Toolkit](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/toolkit/)
- [Practitioner](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/practitioner/)
- [Evidence-Based Behavior Change Campaigns to Improve Traffic Safety Toolkit](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/evidence-based-behavior-change-campaigns-to-improve-traffic-safety-toolkit/)
- [Behavior change](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/behavior-change/)
- [Campaigns](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/campaigns/)
- [Theory](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/theory/)
- [Effective](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/effective/)
- [Evidence-based](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/evidence-based/)
- [Tool kit](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tool-kit/)
- [Knowledge](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/knowledge/)
- [Understanding](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/understanding/)
- [active driving; driver assistance; automation; technology; consumer information; mental model; partial automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/active-driving-driver-assistance-automation-technology-consumer-information-mental-model-partial-automation/)
- [self-driving;](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/self-driving/)
- [young drivers; teen drivers; novice drivers; inexperienced drivers; driving training; hazard anticipation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/young-drivers-teen-drivers-novice-drivers-inexperienced-drivers-driving-training-hazard-anticipation/)
- [Hearing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/hearing/)
- [cognitive and vision decline in Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cognitive-and-vision-decline-in-older-drivers/)
- [LongROAD hearing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-hearing/)
- [cognitive and vision decline in a subset of older drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cognitive-and-vision-decline-in-a-subset-of-older-drivers/)
- [ADAS Cognitive workload Cognition In-vehicle technology Vehicle technology Aging LongROAD System function Driver perception](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/adas-cognitive-workload-cognition-in-vehicle-technology-vehicle-technology-aging-longroad-system-function-driver-perception/)
- [urban](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/urban/)
- [arterials](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/arterials/)
- [intersections](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/intersections/)
- [dark](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dark/)
- [medical review](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/medical-review/)
- [Crash tests](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-tests/)
- [vehicle speed](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-speed/)
- [driver injury](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-injury/)
- [occupant injury](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/occupant-injury/)
- [errors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/errors/)
- [taxonomy](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/taxonomy/)
- [state transition](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/state-transition/)
- [Drug Use Sentinel Surveillance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drug-use-sentinel-surveillance/)
- [Level I Trauma Center Drug Use Data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/level-i-trauma-center-drug-use-data/)
- [driving trips](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-trips/)
- [driving minutes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-minutes/)
- [driving miles](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driving-miles/)
- [traffic risks](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-risks/)
- [Active driver assistance systems](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/active-driver-assistance-systems/)
- [advanced driver assistance system](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/advanced-driver-assistance-system/)
- [drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/drivers/)
- [expectations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/expectations/)
- [New American Driving Survey](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/new-american-driving-survey/)
- [COVID-19 American Travel Changes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/covid-19-american-travel-changes/)
- [Travel in the United States throughout COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/travel-in-the-united-states-throughout-covid-19/)
- [LongROAD objective driving data change](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-objective-driving-data-change/)
- [data collection](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/data-collection/)
- [procedure changes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/procedure-changes/)
- [datalogger](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/datalogger/)
- [travel app](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/travel-app/)
- [objective driving](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/objective-driving/)
- [public perceptions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/public-perceptions/)
- [attitudes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/attitudes/)
- [engagements](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/engagements/)
- [COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/covid-19/)
- [pandemic](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/pandemic/)
- [Roadside responders](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside-responders/)
- [towing operations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/towing-operations/)
- [police](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/police/)
- [fire](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fire/)
- [EMS](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ems/)
- [tow truck drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tow-truck-drivers/)
- [crash data](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/crash-data/)
- [research needs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/research-needs/)
- [design](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/design/)
- [human-machine interface (HMI)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/human-machine-interface-hmi/)
- [sleep](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/sleep/)
- [forum](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/forum/)
- [guidelines](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/guidelines/)
- [driver performance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-performance/)
- [review](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/review/)
- [unsafe driving behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/unsafe-driving-behaviors/)
- [discordance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/discordance/)
- [culture](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/culture/)
- [index](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/index/)
- [annual survey](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/annual-survey/)
- [fatalities; fatal crashes; COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; driver behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatalities-fatal-crashes-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-driver-behavior/)
- [Roadside workers](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside-workers/)
- [towing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/towing/)
- [law enforcement](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/law-enforcement/)
- [firefighters](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/firefighters/)
- [paramedics](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/paramedics/)
- [variable message sign (VMS)](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/variable-message-sign-vms/)
- [compliance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/compliance/)
- [Responders](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/responders/)
- [roadside](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside/)
- [worker safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/worker-safety/)
- [flares](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/flares/)
- [cones](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cones/)
- [emergency lighting](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emergency-lighting/)
- [perceptions](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/perceptions/)
- [framework](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/framework/)
- [Emerging technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emerging-technologies/)
- [AV adoption](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/av-adoption/)
- [perceived safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/perceived-safety/)
- [exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/exposure/)
- [experience](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/experience/)
- [edge cases](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/edge-cases/)
- [speed](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speed/)
- [speed-related fatalities](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speed-related-fatalities/)
- [before-and-after study](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/before-and-after-study/)
- [case studies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/case-studies/)
- [Driver assistance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/driver-assistance/)
- [Travel Patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/travel-patterns/)
- [machine learning](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/machine-learning/)
- [takeover control](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/takeover-control/)
- [readiness](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/readiness/)
- [visual attention](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/visual-attention/)
- [naturalistic](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/naturalistic/)
- [secondary tasks](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/secondary-tasks/)
- [confidence](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/confidence/)
- [frailty](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/frailty/)
- [physical function](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/physical-function/)
- [functional assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/functional-assessment/)
- [Safe System approach; interventions; message framing; communication guide; safety advocates; Vision Zero; focus groups](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safe-system-approach-interventions-message-framing-communication-guide-safety-advocates-vision-zero-focus-groups/)
- [LongROAD Project Briefs](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-pub/)
- [Roadside assistance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside-assistance/)
- [roadside service](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside-service/)
- [motor vehicle towing](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/motor-vehicle-towing/)
- [mobile mechanic](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/mobile-mechanic/)
- [safety service patrol](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safety-service-patrol/)
- [data use*](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/data-use/)
- [LongROAD project](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-project/)
- [cohort](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cohort/)
- [data guide](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/data-guide/)
- [emerging countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emerging-countermeasures/)
- [gray literature](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/gray-literature/)
- [Safe System approach](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safe-system-approach/)
- [evaluation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/evaluation/)
- [implementation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/implementation/)
- [sleepiness](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/sleepiness/)
- [motor vehicle crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/motor-vehicle-crashes/)
- [multiple imputation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/multiple-imputation/)
- [Spillover effect](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/spillover-effect/)
- [spatial analysis](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/spatial-analysis/)
- [posted speed limit](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/posted-speed-limit/)
- [Interstate](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/interstate/)
- [local roads](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/local-roads/)
- [ssa-small](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-small/)
- [ssa-photos](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-photos/)
- [ssa-medium](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-medium/)
- [ssa-socialmedia](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-socialmedia/)
- [ssa-large](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-large/)
- [ssa-others](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/ssa-others/)
- [fatalities; fatal crashes; COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; driver behavior; equity; disparity](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/fatalities-fatal-crashes-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-driver-behavior-equity-disparity/)
- [Vehicle Age](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-age/)
- [Safe System approach; interventions; lessons learned; implementation guide; safety advocates; Vision Zero; focus groups](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/safe-system-approach-interventions-lessons-learned-implementation-guide-safety-advocates-vision-zero-focus-groups/)
- [vision zero](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vision-zero/)
- [transportation equity](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/transportation-equity/)
- [speeds and speeding](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speeds-and-speeding/)
- [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS); Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC); Driver Understanding; Vehicle Technology; Driving Simulator Study](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-adaptive-cruise-control-acc-driver-understanding-vehicle-technology-driving-simulator-study/)
- [LongROAD Older Drivers Rapid Deceleration Events (RDEs) Datalogger Self-Regulation Self-Reported Crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/longroad-older-drivers-rapid-deceleration-events-rdes-datalogger-self-regulation-self-reported-crashes/)
- [Near misses](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/near-misses/)
- [struck-by incidents](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/struck-by-incidents/)
- [service technician](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/service-technician/)
- [towing operator](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/towing-operator/)
- [first responder](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/first-responder/)
- [scheduling](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/scheduling/)
- [rescheduling](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/rescheduling/)
- [schedule](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/schedule/)
- [legalization](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/legalization/)
- [arterial](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/arterial/)
- [darkness](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/darkness/)
- [impair](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/impair/)
- [recreational](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/recreational/)
- [messaging](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/messaging/)
- [public transport](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/public-transport/)
- [satisfaction](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/satisfaction/)
- [smartphone](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/smartphone/)
- [hard braking](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/hard-braking/)
- [acceleration](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/acceleration/)
- [goals](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/goals/)
- [usage-based insurance](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/usage-based-insurance/)
- [tow](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/tow/)
- [slow down move over](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/slow-down-move-over/)
- [lighting](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/lighting/)
- [light bar](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/light-bar/)
- [regulations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/regulations/)
- [vehicle markings](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/vehicle-markings/)
- [cellphone blocking](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/cellphone-blocking/)
- [do not disturb](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/do-not-disturb/)
- [DND](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/dnd/)
- [partial driving automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/partial-driving-automation/)
- [L2 automation](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/l2-automation/)
- [Risky Driving Behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/risky-driving-behavior/)
- [road users’ attitudes and behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-users-attitudes-and-behaviors/)
- [speed management and speeding issues](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/speed-management-and-speeding-issues/)
- [efforts from local and state transportation agencies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/efforts-from-local-and-state-transportation-agencies/)
- [education and training](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/education-and-training/)
- [traffic safety disparities](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/traffic-safety-disparities/)
- [underserved populations](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/underserved-populations/)
- [serious injuries](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/serious-injuries/)
- [socioeconomic and demographic factors](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors/)
- [roadway infrastructure condition](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadway-infrastructure-condition/)
- [local and state safety policies](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/local-and-state-safety-policies/)
- [Equity](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/equity/)
- [Inequity](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/inequity/)
- [Disparities](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/disparities/)
- [health](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/health/)
- [Roadside assistance provider](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/roadside-assistance-provider/)
- [incident responder](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/incident-responder/)
- [emergency responder](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/emergency-responder/)
- [stranded motorist](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/stranded-motorist/)
- [disabled vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/disabled-vehicle/)
- [road debris; unsecured loads; object in road; non-fixed object; driver behavior; traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/tag/road-debris-unsecured-loads-object-in-road-non-fixed-object-driver-behavior-traffic-safety/)

## Search Terms

- [drowsy driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drowsy-driving/)
- [drowsy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drowsy/)
- [traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-safety/)
- [Safety Culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety-culture/)
- [traffic study](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-study/)
- [teen driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-driver-safety/)
- [driver training](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-training/)
- [NHTSA](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/nhtsa/)
- [teen driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-driver/)
- [young driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/young-driver/)
- [distracted driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/distracted-driving/)
- [texting and driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/texting-and-driving/)
- [Senior safety and mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-safety-and-mobility/)
- [senior driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-driver-safety/)
- [mobile](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mobile/)
- [mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mobility/)
- [aaa foundation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aaa-foundation/)
- [crash risk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-risk/)
- [older driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-driver/)
- [elderly driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/elderly-driver/)
- [age](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/age/)
- [passenger](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/passenger/)
- [risk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/risk/)
- [senior safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-safety/)
- [fatal crash](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatal-crash/)
- [teenage passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teenage-passengers/)
- [teen passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-passengers/)
- [graduated driver licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/graduated-driver-licensing/)
- [Journal of Safety research](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/journal-of-safety-research/)
- [research](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/research/)
- [traffic safety research](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-safety-research/)
- [longroad](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad/)
- [crash](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash/)
- [traffic research](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-research/)
- [driver age](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-age/)
- [old driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/old-driver/)
- [senior driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-driver/)
- [tired](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tired/)
- [sleepy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/sleepy/)
- [2012 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2012-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [study](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/study/)
- [data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/data/)
- [cognitive distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cognitive-distraction/)
- [vulnerable](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vulnerable/)
- [large truck](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/large-truck/)
- [semi](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/semi/)
- [road safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-safety/)
- [brakes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/brakes/)
- [parental supervision](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/parental-supervision/)
- [novice driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/novice-driver/)
- [supervised driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/supervised-driving/)
- [study data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/study-data/)
- [UNC Highway Safety Research Center](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/unc-highway-safety-research-center/)
- [warning systems](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/warning-systems/)
- [graduated drivers license](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/graduated-drivers-license/)
- [18](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/18/)
- [adult license](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adult-license/)
- [driver research](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-research/)
- [infrastructure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/infrastructure/)
- [traffic study. LATCH](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-study-latch/)
- [vehicle feature](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-feature/)
- [car feature](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/car-feature/)
- [2016 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2016-traffic-safety/)
- [traffic data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-data/)
- [2013 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2013-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [Impaired Driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impaired-driving/)
- [vehicle crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-crashes/)
- [car accidents](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/car-accidents/)
- [traffic injuries](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-injuries/)
- [traffic deaths](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-deaths/)
- [child passenger safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/child-passenger-safety/)
- [car technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/car-technology/)
- [vehicle technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-technology/)
- [survey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/survey/)
- [LATCH](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/latch/)
- [child passenger safety technicians](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/child-passenger-safety-technicians/)
- [kids](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/kids/)
- [carseat](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/carseat/)
- [road debris](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-debris/)
- [traffic accidents](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-accidents/)
- [collisions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/collisions/)
- [aggressive driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aggressive-driving/)
- [road rage](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-rage/)
- [older driver. senior driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-driver-senior-driver/)
- [mature driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mature-driver/)
- [travel behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/travel-behavior/)
- [medication](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medication/)
- [medical condition](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medical-condition/)
- [policy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/policy/)
- [driver's license renewal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drivers-license-renewal/)
- [cannabis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cannabis/)
- [marijuana](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/marijuana/)
- [driving under the influence](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-under-the-influence/)
- [pot](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pot/)
- [drugged driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drugged-driving/)
- [fatal crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatal-crashes/)
- [driver trends](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-trends/)
- [license](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/license/)
- [alcohol](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/alcohol/)
- [Manitoba](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/manitoba/)
- [Oregon](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/oregon/)
- [beginner driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/beginner-driver/)
- [driver education program](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-education-program/)
- [diagnostics](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/diagnostics/)
- [safety defects](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety-defects/)
- [pedestrian](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pedestrian/)
- [fatality](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatality/)
- [accident](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/accident/)
- [highway](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/highway/)
- [death](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/death/)
- [facts](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/facts/)
- [mental workload](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mental-workload/)
- [voice](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/voice/)
- [infotainment](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/infotainment/)
- [vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle/)
- [feature](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/feature/)
- [car](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/car/)
- [vehicle system](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-system/)
- [focus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/focus/)
- [tasks](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tasks/)
- [technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/technology/)
- [distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/distraction/)
- [driving behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-behaviors/)
- [crash rates](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-rates/)
- [graduated driver's licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/graduated-drivers-licensing/)
- [young drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/young-drivers/)
- [2015 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2015-traffic-culture/)
- [weather](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/weather/)
- [dangerous driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dangerous-driving/)
- [Senior Safety & Mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-safety-mobility/)
- [2010-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2010-2014/)
- [2017 forum](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2017-forum/)
- [vehicle automation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-automation/)
- [fog](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fog/)
- [traffic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic/)
- [wreck](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/wreck/)
- [collision](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/collision/)
- [statistics](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/statistics/)
- [national highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/national-highway-safety/)
- [weather conditions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/weather-conditions/)
- [crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crashes/)
- [wrecks](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/wrecks/)
- [exhausted](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/exhausted/)
- [fall asleep behind wheel](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fall-asleep-behind-wheel/)
- [seniors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/seniors/)
- [2014 traffic safety culture index](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2014-traffic-safety-culture-index/)
- [habits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/habits/)
- [traffic statistics](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-statistics/)
- [driving data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-data/)
- [driver behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-behavior/)
- [older drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-drivers/)
- [senior drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior-drivers/)
- [cell phones](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cell-phones/)
- [mobile phones](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mobile-phones/)
- [hands-free](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/hands-free/)
- [teen driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-driving/)
- [dui](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dui/)
- [dwi](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dwi/)
- [license suspension](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/license-suspension/)
- [drinking](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drinking/)
- [drunk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drunk/)
- [traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-culture/)
- [traffic safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-safety-culture/)
- [crosswalk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crosswalk/)
- [elderly](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/elderly/)
- [signal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/signal/)
- [driving performance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-performance/)
- [early driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/early-driving/)
- [speeding](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speeding/)
- [pedestrian death](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pedestrian-death/)
- [impact speed](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impact-speed/)
- [severe injury](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/severe-injury/)
- [teens](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teens/)
- [unsupervised driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/unsupervised-driving/)
- [unbelted](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/unbelted/)
- [lane departure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/lane-departure/)
- [commercial vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/commercial-vehicle/)
- [young driver crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/young-driver-crashes/)
- [driver safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-safety/)
- [2008 safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2008-safety-culture/)
- [drivers license](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drivers-license/)
- [early adopters](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/early-adopters/)
- [medical fitness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medical-fitness/)
- [state reporting](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/state-reporting/)
- [2010 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2010-traffic-culture/)
- [Illinois](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/illinois/)
- [Kentucky](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/kentucky/)
- [New Mexico](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/new-mexico/)
- [Utah](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/utah/)
- [Iowa](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/iowa/)
- [Washington](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/washington/)
- [road assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-assessment/)
- [New Jersey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/new-jersey/)
- [2009 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2009-traffic-safety/)
- [rural traffic safety culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/rural-traffic-safety-culture/)
- [Western Transportation Institute](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/western-transportation-institute/)
- [Research and Innovative Technology Administration](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/research-and-innovative-technology-administration/)
- [Montana Department of Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/montana-department-of-transportation/)
- [Federal Highway Administration](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/federal-highway-administration/)
- [AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aaa-foundation-for-traffic-safety/)
- [rural traffic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/rural-traffic/)
- [elderly drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/elderly-drivers/)
- [pharmaceutical](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pharmaceutical/)
- [medicine](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medicine/)
- [prescription medication](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/prescription-medication/)
- [driving while impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-while-impaired/)
- [apple](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/apple/)
- [google](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/google/)
- [android](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/android/)
- [in-vehicle technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/in-vehicle-technology/)
- [distracted](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/distracted/)
- [healthcare](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/healthcare/)
- [driving cessation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-cessation/)
- [stop driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/stop-driving/)
- [american driving survey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/american-driving-survey/)
- [2013](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2013/)
- [2014](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2014/)
- [2013-2014](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2013-2014/)
- [teen crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-crashes/)
- [fleet drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fleet-drivers/)
- [naturalistic driving data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/naturalistic-driving-data/)
- [self-regulation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/self-regulation/)
- [2007 traffic culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2007-traffic-culture/)
- [strayer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/strayer/)
- [2017 traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/2017-traffic-safety/)
- [safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety/)
- [highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/highway-safety/)
- [tractor trailer safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tractor-trailer-safety/)
- [tractor trailer highway safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tractor-trailer-highway-safety/)
- [driving behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-behavior/)
- [red-light running](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/red-light-running/)
- [texting while driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/texting-while-driving/)
- [emailing while driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emailing-while-driving/)
- [risky and aggressive driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/risky-and-aggressive-driving/)
- [impaired by alcohol or other drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impaired-by-alcohol-or-other-drugs/)
- [Marijuana Use in Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/marijuana-use-in-older-drivers/)
- [Colorado](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/colorado/)
- [Marijuana Use](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/marijuana-use/)
- [Impaired by alcohol or drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impaired-by-alcohol-or-drugs/)
- [Impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impaired/)
- [Drugs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drugs/)
- [Under the influence](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/under-the-influence/)
- [Longitudinal Research on Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longitudinal-research-on-older-drivers/)
- [Vulnerable Road Users](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vulnerable-road-users/)
- [LongROAD study](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-study/)
- [Aftermarket vehicle adaptation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aftermarket-vehicle-adaptation/)
- [In-vehicle advanced technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/in-vehicle-advanced-technology/)
- [Advanced driver-assistance systems](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/advanced-driver-assistance-systems/)
- [Aging](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aging/)
- [Vehicle Maintenance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-maintenance/)
- [Vehicle Damage](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-damage/)
- [Hit-and-Run](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/hit-and-run/)
- [Pedestrians](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pedestrians/)
- [Bicyclists](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/bicyclists/)
- [Fatalities](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatalities/)
- [Countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/countermeasures/)
- [deadly crash](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/deadly-crash/)
- [remain on the scene](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/remain-on-the-scene/)
- [prescription](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/prescription/)
- [prescribed](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/prescribed/)
- [over-the-counter](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/over-the-counter/)
- [overthecounter](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/overthecounter/)
- [OTC](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/otc/)
- [druggeddriving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/druggeddriving/)
- [drug-impaired](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-impaired/)
- [pharmacy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pharmacy/)
- [drug](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug/)
- [DUII](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/duii/)
- [Opioid](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/opioid/)
- [Opioids](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/opioids/)
- [Heroin](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/heroin/)
- [drug-impaired driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-impaired-driving/)
- [recommendations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/recommendations/)
- [state data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/state-data/)
- [driver behavior and performance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-behavior-and-performance/)
- [driving under influence](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-under-influence/)
- [fatal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatal/)
- [officer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/officer/)
- [law enforcement](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/law-enforcement/)
- [state law](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/state-law/)
- [Elin Schold Davis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/elin-schold-davis/)
- [novice drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/novice-drivers/)
- [parents](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/parents/)
- [graduated driver license (gdl)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/graduated-driver-license-gdl/)
- [orientation sessions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/orientation-sessions/)
- [learning to drive](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/learning-to-drive/)
- [teen drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen-drivers/)
- [training](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/training/)
- [course](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/course/)
- [judge](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/judge/)
- [prosecute](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/prosecute/)
- [prosecution](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/prosecution/)
- [court](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/court/)
- [adjudication](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adjudication/)
- [adjudicating](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adjudicating/)
- [national judicial college](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/national-judicial-college/)
- [national district attorneys association](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/national-district-attorneys-association/)
- [In-vehicle Information System](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/in-vehicle-information-system/)
- [IVIS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/ivis/)
- [Driver distraction](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-distraction/)
- [Demand](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/demand/)
- [Driver workload](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-workload/)
- [Cognitive demand](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cognitive-demand/)
- [Visual demand](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/visual-demand/)
- [Eyes-off-road](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/eyes-off-road/)
- [Mental demand](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mental-demand/)
- [Apple CarPlay](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/apple-carplay/)
- [Google Android Auto](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/google-android-auto/)
- [Voice commands](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/voice-commands/)
- [Touchscreen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/touchscreen/)
- [Calling/dialing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/calling-dialing/)
- [Call](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/call/)
- [Dial](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dial/)
- [Text](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/text/)
- [Text messaging](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/text-messaging/)
- [Radio](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/radio/)
- [Audio entertainment](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/audio-entertainment/)
- [Navigation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/navigation/)
- [aging drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/aging-drivers/)
- [Discussions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/discussions/)
- [Family Discussions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/family-discussions/)
- [Taking key away](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/taking-key-away/)
- [Too old to drive](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/too-old-to-drive/)
- [Family members](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/family-members/)
- [Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drivers/)
- [Driving ability](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-ability/)
- [Safety concerns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety-concerns/)
- [Driving safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-safety/)
- [Discuss driving safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/discuss-driving-safety/)
- [countermeasure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/countermeasure/)
- [intervention](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/intervention/)
- [strategy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/strategy/)
- [strategies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/strategies/)
- [adapt](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adapt/)
- [drugged](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drugged/)
- [SFST](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/sfst/)
- [enforcement](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/enforcement/)
- [legal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/legal/)
- [education](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/education/)
- [media](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/media/)
- [ADAS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adas/)
- [Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/automatic-emergency-braking-aeb/)
- [Forward Collision Warning (FCW)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/forward-collision-warning-fcw/)
- [Lane Departure Warning (LDW)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/lane-departure-warning-ldw/)
- [Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/lane-keeping-assistance-lka/)
- [Blind Spot Monitor (BSM)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/blind-spot-monitor-bsm/)
- [Emerging vehicle technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emerging-vehicle-technologies/)
- [Crash avoidance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-avoidance/)
- [Crash mitigation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-mitigation/)
- [Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/rear-cross-traffic-alert-rcta/)
- [Consumer education](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/consumer-education/)
- [Mental models](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mental-models/)
- [Vehicle safety technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-safety-technologies/)
- [Limitations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/limitations/)
- [Safety technology limitations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety-technology-limitations/)
- [Teen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/teen/)
- [Driver](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver/)
- [Other Passengers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/other-passengers/)
- [Fatality rate Passenger](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatality-rate-passenger/)
- [Night](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/night/)
- [Nighttime](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/nighttime/)
- [Summer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/summer/)
- [pharma](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pharma/)
- [medications](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medications/)
- [American Hospital Foundation Service System](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/american-hospital-foundation-service-system/)
- [medication types](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medication-types/)
- [multiple medications](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/multiple-medications/)
- [synergy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/synergy/)
- [older adults](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-adults/)
- [driving patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-patterns/)
- [driving exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-exposure/)
- [patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/patterns/)
- [Emerging Technology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emerging-technology/)
- [Automation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/automation/)
- [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas/)
- [Automated Driving Systems (ADS)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/automated-driving-systems-ads/)
- [Diving exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/diving-exposure/)
- [Driving populations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-populations/)
- [driving survey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-survey/)
- [drug evaluation and classification](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-evaluation-and-classification/)
- [drug recognition expert](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-recognition-expert/)
- [DRE](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dre/)
- [DREs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dres/)
- [DEC](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dec/)
- [DECP](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/decp/)
- [per se](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/per-se/)
- [per se law](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/per-se-law/)
- [feasibility](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/feasibility/)
- [Quality of Life](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/quality-of-life/)
- [Health-Related Quality of Life](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/health-related-quality-of-life/)
- [Exercise](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/exercise/)
- [Stretching](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/stretching/)
- [PROMIS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/promis/)
- [Keeping the Keys](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/keeping-the-keys/)
- [Driving Retirement](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-retirement/)
- [Older People](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-people/)
- [Intoxicated](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/intoxicated/)
- [Driving drunk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-drunk/)
- [drunk driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drunk-driving/)
- [Alternate Sources of Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/alternate-sources-of-transportation/)
- [Alternate Transportation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/alternate-transportation/)
- [Alternate Transportation Sources](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/alternate-transportation-sources/)
- [Older People Alternate](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/older-people-alternate/)
- [Transportation Sources](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/transportation-sources/)
- [Posted Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/posted-speed-limits/)
- [Setting Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/setting-speed-limits/)
- [Setting Speed Limit Methods](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/setting-speed-limit-methods/)
- [Current Practice for Setting Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/current-practice-for-setting-speed-limits/)
- [85th percentile Operating Speed](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/85th-percentile-operating-speed/)
- [Expert System](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/expert-system/)
- [USLIMITS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/uslimits/)
- [USLIMITS2](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/uslimits2/)
- [Speed Limits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speed-limits/)
- [Frailty status](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/frailty-status/)
- [Frailty Status with Driving Habits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/frailty-status-with-driving-habits/)
- [Low-Mileage Driver Status](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/low-mileage-driver-status/)
- [Safe mobility](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safe-mobility/)
- [Driving habits](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-habits/)
- [risky driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/risky-driving/)
- [oral fluid](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/oral-fluid/)
- [saliva](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/saliva/)
- [cannabinoids](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cannabinoids/)
- [stimulants](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/stimulants/)
- [drug test](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-test/)
- [detection time](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/detection-time/)
- [detection window](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/detection-window/)
- [In-vehicle Information System (IVIS)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/in-vehicle-information-system-ivis/)
- [Implied consent](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/implied-consent/)
- [Drug testing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-testing/)
- [Impairment](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impairment/)
- [Reporting](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/reporting/)
- [State policies and practices](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/state-policies-and-practices/)
- [Drug use by drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-use-by-drivers/)
- [Drug use by drivers in crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-use-by-drivers-in-crashes/)
- [Sentinel surveillance system](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/sentinel-surveillance-system/)
- [Social Support](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/social-support/)
- [LongROAD social support](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-social-support/)
- [Workload](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/workload/)
- [arousal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/arousal/)
- [driver physiology](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-physiology/)
- [on-road](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/on-road/)
- [Toolkit](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/toolkit/)
- [Practitioner](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/practitioner/)
- [Evidence-Based Behavior Change Campaigns to Improve Traffic Safety Toolkit](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/evidence-based-behavior-change-campaigns-to-improve-traffic-safety-toolkit/)
- [Behavior change](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/behavior-change/)
- [Campaigns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/campaigns/)
- [Theory](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/theory/)
- [Effective](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/effective/)
- [Evidence-based](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/evidence-based/)
- [Tool kit](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tool-kit/)
- [research needs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/research-needs/)
- [design](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/design/)
- [human-machine interface (HMI)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/human-machine-interface-hmi/)
- [Knowledge](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/knowledge/)
- [Understanding](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/understanding/)
- [active driving; driver assistance; automation; technology; consumer information; mental model; partial automation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/active-driving-driver-assistance-automation-technology-consumer-information-mental-model-partial-automation/)
- [self-driving;](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/self-driving/)
- [young drivers; teen drivers; novice drivers; inexperienced drivers; driving training; hazard anticipation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/young-drivers-teen-drivers-novice-drivers-inexperienced-drivers-driving-training-hazard-anticipation/)
- [Hearing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/hearing/)
- [cognitive and vision decline in Older Drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cognitive-and-vision-decline-in-older-drivers/)
- [LongROAD hearing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-hearing/)
- [cognitive and vision decline in a subset of older drivers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cognitive-and-vision-decline-in-a-subset-of-older-drivers/)
- [ADAS Cognitive workload Cognition In-vehicle technology Vehicle technology Aging LongROAD System function Driver perception](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adas-cognitive-workload-cognition-in-vehicle-technology-vehicle-technology-aging-longroad-system-function-driver-perception/)
- [policies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/policies/)
- [practices](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/practices/)
- [licensing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/licensing/)
- [medical review](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/medical-review/)
- [Crash tests](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-tests/)
- [vehicle speed](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-speed/)
- [driver injury](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-injury/)
- [occupant injury](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/occupant-injury/)
- [errors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/errors/)
- [taxonomy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/taxonomy/)
- [state transition](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/state-transition/)
- [Drug Use Sentinel Surveillance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drug-use-sentinel-surveillance/)
- [Level I Trauma Center Drug Use Data](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/level-i-trauma-center-drug-use-data/)
- [Wrong way driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/wrong-way-driving/)
- [Crash factors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/crash-factors/)
- [Automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/automated-vehicles/)
- [levels of automated vehicles](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/levels-of-automated-vehicles/)
- [trust](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/trust/)
- [adoption](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/adoption/)
- [concerns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/concerns/)
- [AV](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/av/)
- [AVs](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/avs/)
- [kim](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/kim/)
- [driving trips](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-trips/)
- [driving minutes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-minutes/)
- [driving miles](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driving-miles/)
- [traffic risks](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-risks/)
- [Active driver assistance systems](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/active-driver-assistance-systems/)
- [advanced driver assistance system](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/advanced-driver-assistance-system/)
- [expectations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/expectations/)
- [New American Driving Survey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/new-american-driving-survey/)
- [New American Driving Survey COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/new-american-driving-survey-covid-19/)
- [COVID-19 American Travel Changes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/covid-19-american-travel-changes/)
- [Travel in the United States throughout COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/travel-in-the-united-states-throughout-covid-19/)
- [LongROAD objective driving data change](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-objective-driving-data-change/)
- [data collection](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/data-collection/)
- [procedure changes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/procedure-changes/)
- [datalogger](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/datalogger/)
- [travel app](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/travel-app/)
- [objective driving](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/objective-driving/)
- [risky driving behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/risky-driving-behaviors/)
- [public perceptions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/public-perceptions/)
- [attitudes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/attitudes/)
- [engagements](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/engagements/)
- [COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/covid-19/)
- [pandemic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/pandemic/)
- [coronavirus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/coronavirus/)
- [inattention](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/inattention/)
- [cellphone](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cellphone/)
- [cell phone](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cell-phone/)
- [smartphone](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/smartphone/)
- [exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/exposure/)
- [experience](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/experience/)
- [Emerging technologies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emerging-technologies/)
- [AV adoption](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/av-adoption/)
- [Urban crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/urban-crashes/)
- [urban roads and streets](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/urban-roads-and-streets/)
- [traffic fatalities](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-fatalities/)
- [Fatality Analysis Reporting System](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatality-analysis-reporting-system/)
- [FARS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fars/)
- [drowsiness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/drowsiness/)
- [fatigue](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatigue/)
- [sleep](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/sleep/)
- [forum](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/forum/)
- [vehicle miles travelled](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-miles-travelled/)
- [VMT](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vmt/)
- [COVID](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/covid/)
- [guidelines](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/guidelines/)
- [driver performance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-performance/)
- [review](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/review/)
- [unsafe driving behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/unsafe-driving-behaviors/)
- [discordance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/discordance/)
- [culture](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/culture/)
- [index](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/index/)
- [annual survey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/annual-survey/)
- [fatalities; fatal crashes; COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; driver behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatalities-fatal-crashes-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-driver-behavior/)
- [Roadside workers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadside-workers/)
- [towing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/towing/)
- [firefighters](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/firefighters/)
- [paramedics](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/paramedics/)
- [EMS](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/ems/)
- [variable message sign (VMS)](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/variable-message-sign-vms/)
- [compliance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/compliance/)
- [Responders](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/responders/)
- [roadside](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadside/)
- [worker safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/worker-safety/)
- [flares](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/flares/)
- [cones](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cones/)
- [emergency lighting](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emergency-lighting/)
- [perceptions](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/perceptions/)
- [framework](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/framework/)
- [perceived safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/perceived-safety/)
- [edge cases](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/edge-cases/)
- [speed](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speed/)
- [speed-related fatalities](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speed-related-fatalities/)
- [before-and-after study](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/before-and-after-study/)
- [case studies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/case-studies/)
- [Driver assistance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/driver-assistance/)
- [Travel Patterns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/travel-patterns/)
- [machine learning](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/machine-learning/)
- [takeover control](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/takeover-control/)
- [readiness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/readiness/)
- [visual attention](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/visual-attention/)
- [naturalistic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/naturalistic/)
- [secondary tasks](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/secondary-tasks/)
- [confidence](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/confidence/)
- [frailty](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/frailty/)
- [physical function](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/physical-function/)
- [functional assessment](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/functional-assessment/)
- [Safe System approach; interventions; message framing; communication guide; safety advocates; Vision Zero; focus groups](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safe-system-approach-interventions-message-framing-communication-guide-safety-advocates-vision-zero-focus-groups/)
- [longroad-pub](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-pub/)
- [Roadside assistance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadside-assistance/)
- [roadside service](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadside-service/)
- [motor vehicle towing](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/motor-vehicle-towing/)
- [mobile mechanic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/mobile-mechanic/)
- [safety service patrol](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safety-service-patrol/)
- [data use*](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/data-use/)
- [LongROAD project](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-project/)
- [senior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/senior/)
- [cohort](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cohort/)
- [data guide](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/data-guide/)
- [emerging countermeasures](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emerging-countermeasures/)
- [gray literature](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/gray-literature/)
- [Safe System approach](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safe-system-approach/)
- [evaluation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/evaluation/)
- [implementation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/implementation/)
- [sleepiness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/sleepiness/)
- [motor vehicle crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/motor-vehicle-crashes/)
- [multiple imputation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/multiple-imputation/)
- [Spillover effect](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/spillover-effect/)
- [spatial analysis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/spatial-analysis/)
- [posted speed limit](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/posted-speed-limit/)
- [Interstate](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/interstate/)
- [local roads](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/local-roads/)
- [fatalities; fatal crashes; COVID-19; coronavirus; pandemic; driver behavior; equity; disparity](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/fatalities-fatal-crashes-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-driver-behavior-equity-disparity/)
- [Vehicle Age](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-age/)
- [Safe System approach; interventions; lessons learned; implementation guide; safety advocates; Vision Zero; focus groups](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/safe-system-approach-interventions-lessons-learned-implementation-guide-safety-advocates-vision-zero-focus-groups/)
- [vision zero](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vision-zero/)
- [transportation equity](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/transportation-equity/)
- [speeds and speeding](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speeds-and-speeding/)
- [Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS); Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC); Driver Understanding; Vehicle Technology; Driving Simulator Study](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-adaptive-cruise-control-acc-driver-understanding-vehicle-technology-driving-simulator-study/)
- [LongROAD Older Drivers Rapid Deceleration Events (RDEs) Datalogger Self-Regulation Self-Reported Crashes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/longroad-older-drivers-rapid-deceleration-events-rdes-datalogger-self-regulation-self-reported-crashes/)
- [Near misses](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/near-misses/)
- [struck-by incidents](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/struck-by-incidents/)
- [service technician](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/service-technician/)
- [towing operator](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/towing-operator/)
- [first responder](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/first-responder/)
- [scheduling](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/scheduling/)
- [rescheduling](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/rescheduling/)
- [schedule](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/schedule/)
- [legalization](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/legalization/)
- [urban](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/urban/)
- [arterial](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/arterial/)
- [darkness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/darkness/)
- [impair](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/impair/)
- [recreational](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/recreational/)
- [messaging](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/messaging/)
- [public transport](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/public-transport/)
- [satisfaction](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/satisfaction/)
- [hard braking](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/hard-braking/)
- [acceleration](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/acceleration/)
- [goals](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/goals/)
- [usage-based insurance](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/usage-based-insurance/)
- [tow](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/tow/)
- [service](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/service/)
- [slow down move over](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/slow-down-move-over/)
- [lighting](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/lighting/)
- [light bar](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/light-bar/)
- [regulations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/regulations/)
- [vehicle markings](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/vehicle-markings/)
- [cellphone blocking](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/cellphone-blocking/)
- [do not disturb](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/do-not-disturb/)
- [DND](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/dnd/)
- [partial driving automation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/partial-driving-automation/)
- [L2 automation](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/l2-automation/)
- [Risky Driving Behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/risky-driving-behavior/)
- [road users’ attitudes and behaviors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-users-attitudes-and-behaviors/)
- [speed management and speeding issues](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/speed-management-and-speeding-issues/)
- [efforts from local and state transportation agencies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/efforts-from-local-and-state-transportation-agencies/)
- [education and training](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/education-and-training/)
- [traffic safety disparities](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/traffic-safety-disparities/)
- [underserved populations](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/underserved-populations/)
- [serious injuries](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/serious-injuries/)
- [socioeconomic and demographic factors](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/socioeconomic-and-demographic-factors/)
- [roadway infrastructure condition](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadway-infrastructure-condition/)
- [local and state safety policies](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/local-and-state-safety-policies/)
- [Equity](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/equity/)
- [Inequity](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/inequity/)
- [Disparities](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/disparities/)
- [health](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/health/)
- [Roadside assistance provider](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/roadside-assistance-provider/)
- [incident responder](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/incident-responder/)
- [emergency responder](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/emergency-responder/)
- [stranded motorist](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/stranded-motorist/)
- [disabled vehicle](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/disabled-vehicle/)
- [road debris; unsecured loads; object in road; non-fixed object; driver behavior; traffic safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms/road-debris-unsecured-loads-object-in-road-non-fixed-object-driver-behavior-traffic-safety/)

## Authors (Search)

- [Tom E. Kimball](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/tom-e-kimball/)
- [Katheryn L. Yetter](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/katheryn-l-yetter/)
- [Yudan Wang](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/yudan-wang/)
- [Scott Osberg](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/scott-osberg/)
- [Katherine MacLean](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/katherine-maclean/)
- [Peggy Barco](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/peggy-barco/)
- [Thomas J. Epplin-Zapf](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/thomas-j-epplin-zapf/)
- [Joon-Ki Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/joon-ki-kim/)
- [Patricia Niewoehner](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/patricia-niewoehner/)
- [Marla Berg-Weger](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/marla-berg-weger/)
- [Gudmundur F. Ulfarsson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/gudmundur-f-ulfarsson/)
- [Jean Wilkins](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jean-wilkins/)
- [Jane Stutts](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jane-stutts/)
- [Elin Schold Davis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/elin-schold-davis/)
- [Anne E. Dickerson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/anne-e-dickerson/)
- [R. Treffers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/r-treffers/)
- [J. Kubelka](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-kubelka/)
- [J.C. Fell](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-c-fell/)
- [Ryan C. Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/ryan-c-smith/)
- [Marissa Turturici](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/marissa-turturici/)
- [H. Lum](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/h-lum/)
- [A. Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/a-smith/)
- [David B. Carr](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-b-carr/)
- [Thomas M. Meuser](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/thomas-m-meuser/)
- [Darren J. Torbic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/darren-j-torbic/)
- [Li-Hui Chen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/li-hui-chen/)
- [Susan P. Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/susan-p-baker/)
- [Deanna Singhal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/deanna-singhal/)
- [Kimberly A. Eccles](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kimberly-a-eccles/)
- [Hugh McGee](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/hugh-mcgee/)
- [Edward R. Stollof](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/edward-r-stollof/)
- [Richard A. Marottoli](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/richard-a-marottoli/)
- [Gerald McGwin Jr.](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/gerald-mcgwin-jr/)
- [Loring W. Rue III](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/loring-w-rue-iii/)
- [Cynthia Owsley](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/cynthia-owsley/)
- [Paul A. MacLennan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/paul-a-maclennan/)
- [Julie Tison](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/julie-tison/)
- [Neil K. Chaudhary](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/neil-k-chaudhary/)
- [Karin M. Bauer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/karin-m-bauer/)
- [David K. Gilmore](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-k-gilmore/)
- [Martha Waller](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/martha-waller/)
- [Julie McClafferty](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/julie-mcclafferty/)
- [Miguel Perez](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/miguel-perez/)
- [Youjia Fang](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/youjia-fang/)
- [Feng Guo](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/feng-guo/)
- [Thomas A. Dingus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/thomas-a-dingus/)
- [Justin M. Owens](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/justin-m-owens/)
- [Jack M. Guralnik](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jack-m-guralnik/)
- [Thelma J. Mielenz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/thelma-j-mielenz/)
- [D. Strogatz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/d-strogatz/)
- [B.L. Moreland](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/b-l-moreland/)
- [E.E. Masterson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/e-e-masterson/)
- [J.D. Kasper](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-d-kasper/)
- [M. Qian](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/m-qian/)
- [E.G. Bond](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/e-g-bond/)
- [AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/aaa-foundation-for-traffic-safety/)
- [J. Rybar](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-rybar/)
- [J. Jahns](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-jahns/)
- [Anne-Marie Engler](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/anne-marie-engler/)
- [J. Engelberg](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-engelberg/)
- [J. Chukwueke](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-chukwueke/)
- [J. Larocca](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-larocca/)
- [U. Al-wahab](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/u-al-wahab/)
- [S. Baird](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/s-baird/)
- [The LongROAD Research Team](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/the-longroad-research-team/)
- [L. Nyquist](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/l-nyquist/)
- [R. Yung](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/r-yung/)
- [J. Smith](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-smith/)
- [D. Leblanc](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/d-leblanc/)
- [S. Stanciu](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/s-stanciu/)
- [L. Ryan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/l-ryan/)
- [J. Zakrajsek](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-zakrajsek/)
- [L. Hill](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/l-hill/)
- [D. Kandasamy](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/d-kandasamy/)
- [Nate Medeiros-Ward](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/nate-medeiros-ward/)
- [Deborah C. Girasek](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/deborah-c-girasek/)
- [Bevan B. Kirley](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/bevan-b-kirley/)
- [Natalie P. O’Brien](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/natalie-p-obrien/)
- [Stephanie Harrell](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/stephanie-harrell/)
- [Lewis H. Margolis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lewis-h-margolis/)
- [Arthur H. Goodwin](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/arthur-h-goodwin/)
- [Irene Rodriguez](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/irene-rodriguez/)
- [Alicia Nelson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/alicia-nelson/)
- [Katie Womack](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/katie-womack/)
- [Bari Kotwal](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/bari-kotwal/)
- [Kathryn Clinton](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kathryn-clinton/)
- [Larry Lonero](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/larry-lonero/)
- [Ward Vanlaar](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/ward-vanlaar/)
- [Herb Simpson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/herb-simpson/)
- [Katherine Wood](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/katherine-wood/)
- [Kyla Marcoux](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kyla-marcoux/)
- [Dan Mayhew](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/dan-mayhew/)
- [Emily V. Ortiz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/emily-v-ortiz/)
- [Hailey Ingebretsen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/hailey-ingebretsen/)
- [Konny H. Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/konny-h-kim/)
- [Michael R. Elliott](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-r-elliott/)
- [Dennis R. Durbin](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/dennis-r-durbin/)
- [Melissa R. Pfeiffer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/melissa-r-pfeiffer/)
- [Carol Martell](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/carol-martell/)
- [Scott Masten](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/scott-masten/)
- [Robert Foss](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/robert-foss/)
- [Bruce Hamilton](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/bruce-hamilton/)
- [Alexander J. Mizenko](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/alexander-j-mizenko/)
- [Lidia P. Kostyniuk](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lidia-p-kostyniuk/)
- [Nicole Zanier](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/nicole-zanier/)
- [Renee M. St. Louis](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/renee-m-st-louis/)
- [Liang Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/liang-zhang/)
- [Lisa J. Molnar](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lisa-j-molnar/)
- [David W. Eby](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-w-eby/)
- [Rachel J. Hopman](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/rachel-j-hopman/)
- [James R. Coleman](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/james-r-coleman/)
- [Jonna Turrill](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jonna-turrill/)
- [Jacqueline Jones](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jacqueline-jones/)
- [Vanya C. Jones](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/vanya-c-jones/)
- [Charles J. DiMaggio](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/charles-j-dimaggio/)
- [Stanford Chihuri](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/stanford-chihuri/)
- [Allison E. Curry](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/allison-e-curry/)
- [John Hinch](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/john-hinch/)
- [Michael Freitas](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-freitas/)
- [Jeffrey Bagdade](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jeffrey-bagdade/)
- [Suzanne Murtha](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/suzanne-murtha/)
- [Carolyn DiGuiseppi](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/carolyn-diguiseppi/)
- [Lilian Hoffecker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lilian-hoffecker/)
- [Marian E. Betz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/marian-e-betz/)
- [Eli Rogers](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/eli-rogers/)
- [Kenneth A. Scott](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kenneth-a-scott/)
- [Guohua Li](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/guohua-li/)
- [Jodi A. Cisewski](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jodi-a-cisewski/)
- [Laura Durbin](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/laura-durbin/)
- [Jason Williams](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jason-williams/)
- [Robert A. Scopatz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/robert-a-scopatz/)
- [Shan Bao](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/shan-bao/)
- [Anuj K. Pradhan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/anuj-k-pradhan/)
- [Michael J. Flannagan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-j-flannagan/)
- [John M. Sullivan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/john-m-sullivan/)
- [Qian Qiu](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/qian-qiu/)
- [Lydia M. Andris](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lydia-m-andris/)
- [Beth E. Ebel](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/beth-e-ebel/)
- [Ali Rowhani-Rahbar](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/ali-rowhani-rahbar/)
- [Caleb Banta-Green](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/caleb-banta-green/)
- [Douglas J. Beirness](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/douglas-j-beirness/)
- [Sherri L. Kacinko](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/sherri-l-kacinko/)
- [Barry Logan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/barry-logan/)
- [Jurek G. Grabowski](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jurek-g-grabowski/)
- [William J. Horrey](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/william-j-horrey/)
- [Brian Tefft](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/brian-tefft/)
- [Mireille Raby](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/mireille-raby/)
- [Madonna Weiss](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/madonna-weiss/)
- [Karisa Harland](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/karisa-harland/)
- [Daniel V. McGehee](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/dan-mcgehee/)
- [Cher Carney](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/cher-carney/)
- [Sandra Rosenbloom](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/sandra-rosenbloom/)
- [Robert Santos](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/robert-santos/)
- [Tim Triplett](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/tim-triplett/)
- [Lindsay Arnold](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lindsay-arnold/)
- [Tara Kelley-Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/tara-kelley-baker/)
- [Woon Kim](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/woon-kim/)
- [Aaron Benson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/aaron-benson/)
- [Bridie Scott-Parker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/bridie-scott-parker/)
- [Rachel M. Older](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/rachel-m-older/)
- [Timothy Burke](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/timothy-burke/)
- [Philip J. Kellman](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/philip-j-kellman/)
- [Michael Gill](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-gill/)
- [Neil Lerner](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/neil-lerner/)
- [Michael A. Fields](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-a-fields/)
- [Reginald R. Souleyrette](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/reginald-r-souleyrette/)
- [Zachary N. Hans](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/zachary-n-hans/)
- [Jessica M. Hutton](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jessica-m-hutton/)
- [Douglas W. Harwood](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/douglas-w-harwood/)
- [Siby Samuel](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/siby-samuel/)
- [Michael Knodler](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/michael-knodler/)
- [Lisa Zhang](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lisa-zhang/)
- [Jared Young](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jared-young/)
- [Donald L. Fisher](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/donald-l-fisher/)
- [Allan F. Williams](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/allan-f-williams/)
- [Kristina B. Metzger](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kristina-b-metzger/)
- [Francesco Biondi](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/francesco-biondi/)
- [Douglas J Getty](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/douglas-j-getty/)
- [Madeleine M. McCarty](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/madeleine-m-mccarty/)
- [Rachel M. Goethe](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/rachel-m-goethe/)
- [Joel M. Cooper](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/joel-m-cooper/)
- [David L. Strayer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-l-strayer/)
- [Richard J. Hanowski](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/richard-j-hanowski/)
- [Andrew M. Miller](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/andrew-m-miller/)
- [Jeffrey S. Hickman](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jeffrey-s-hickman/)
- [Alejandra Medina-Flintsch](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/alejandra-medina-flintsch/)
- [Matthew C. Camden](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/matthew-c-camden/)
- [Leon Villavicencio](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/leon-villavicencio/)
- [Camille L. Wheatley](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/camille-l-wheatley/)
- [Connor J. Motzkus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/connor-j-motzkus/)
- [Kelly L. Mackenzie](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kelly-l-mackenzie/)
- [Sydney M. Loveless](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/sydney-m-loveless/)
- [Jess Esplin](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jess-esplin/)
- [Austin M. Svancara](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/austin-m-svancara/)
- [Ashley McDonald](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/ashley-mcdonald/)
- [j.s.](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/j-s/)
- [jennif](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/jennif/)
- [Linda L. Hill](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/linda-l-hill/)
- [David P. Merle](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-p-merle/)
- [Patricia Pepa](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/patricia-pepa/)
- [Howard F. Andrews](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/howard-f-andrews/)
- [Abigail Gordon](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/abigail-gordon/)
- [Barbara H. Lang](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/barbara-h-lang/)
- [Cheng S. Leu](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/cheng-s-leu/)
- [Victoria Añorve](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/victoria-anorve/)
- [Amy J. Porath](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/amy-j-porath/)
- [Cozette Comer](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/cozette-comer/)
- [Naomi Dunn](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/naomi-dunn/)
- [Christopher Crowe](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/christopher-crowe/)
- [Talwar Amish](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/talwar-amish/)
- [Renee M. Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/renee-m-johnson/)
- [George W. Rebok](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/george-w-rebok/)
- [Kimberly B. Roth](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kimberly-b-roth/)
- [Andrea Gielen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/andrea-gielen/)
- [Samantha P. Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/samantha-p-baker/)
- [Samantha Pitts](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/samantha-pitts/)
- [Kuan Ting Chen](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/kuan-ting-chen/)
- [Cora Man](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/cora-man/)
- [Linda Ng](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/linda-ng/)
- [Lindsay Ryan](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/lindsay-ryan/)
- [David Strogatz](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/david-strogatz/)
- [benson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/benson/)
- [Andrew Johnson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/andrew-johnson/)
- [Ida Baker](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/ida-baker/)
- [Melinda Robinson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/melinda-robinson/)
- [Sean Mebust](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/sean-mebust/)
- [Brian R. W. Baucom](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/brian-r-w-baucom/)
- [Conner J. Motzkus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/conner-j-motzkus/)
- [Clara L. Lopes](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/clara-l-lopes/)
- [Gus G. Erickson](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/gus-g-erickson/)
- [driver behavior](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/driver-behavior/)
- [driving exposure](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/driving-exposure/)
- [vehicle miles travelled](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/vehicle-miles-travelled/)
- [VMT](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/vmt/)
- [COVID-19](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/covid-19/)
- [COVID](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/covid/)
- [coronavirus](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/coronavirus/)
- [pandemic](https://aaafoundation.org/fts-terms-author/pandemic/)