Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.3, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Forgotten Weapons Your destination for rare, exotic, and prototype firearms ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Russian NSV .50 manual](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/russian-nsv-50-manual/) - The NSV was a modern heavy machine gun design that replaced the DShK. WE have a complete NSV technical manual available for free download now. - [Which Customer Are You? (w/ Mike Branson of Gideon Optics)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/which-customer-are-you-w-mike-branson-of-gideon-optics/) - https://youtu.be/GSdi7z964ac Suit from Grayman & Co: https://grayman.co Today I'm speaking with Mike Branson from Gideon Optics at SHOT Show 2026 about what he sees in the industry. Specifically, the three categories that customers fall into... - [The Real Deal: My New Mexico Public-Land Elk Hunt](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-real-deal-my-new-mexico-public-land-elk-hunt/) - https://youtu.be/xn9zqi_g04s Interested in learning how to source your own meat, from field to table? Outdoor Solutions has a bunch of classes running: https://www.fromfieldtotable.com This past December I met up with my friends Greg Ray and Chef Joe from Outdoor Solutions for an ambitious (more ambitious than I realized at the time!) elk hunt. We had - [Reproduction GX-607 and XM-177 Moderators: Do They Work?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/reproduction-gx-607-and-xm-177-moderators-do-they-work/) - https://youtu.be/Q0RvJP9QayY When the first carbine variants of the AR-15 were developed by Colt (the Model 607 initially, and later the XM-177E1 and XM-177E2), one of the complaints was that they were painfully loud. This should not be surprising, given the blast and concussion created by 10.5" and 11.5" 5.56mm barrels. Colt's solution was to design - [How Guns are Made: Tolerances, Methods, and Metallurgy (Q&A January 2026)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-guns-are-made-tolerances-methods-and-metallurgy-qa-january-2026/) - https://youtu.be/_9LJ6RPoX3g Today's Q&A is sponsored by Kyrö - get 10% off all their spirits with code FORGOTTENGIN10 at: https://www.kyrodistillery.com 0:02:41 - Could the US scale up small arms production to wartime mass levels? 0:08:57 - How were wood gunstocks made? 0:13:36 - Barrel attachment; alternatives to threading? 0:15:50 - Decline in gunsmiths and gunsmithing 0:20:34 - [Roller Locked Czechnology: the CZ 482 Pistol (Which Eventually Became the vz.52)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/roller-locked-czechnology-the-cz-482-pistol-which-eventually-became-the-vz-52/) - https://youtu.be/TqRmg6uKJR0 The Czech vz.52 service pistol actually began as a commercial export program at CZ. It was developed by two brothers, Jan and Jaroslav Kratochvíl. They actually designed two pistols with similar shape and controls, one blowback in .32ACP (which became the CZ 50 and then CZ 70) and one with a roller locked action - [Book Review: Vickers Guide to H&K Volume 4: Rifles & Machine Guns (and more)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-vickers-guide-to-hk-volume-4-rifles-machine-guns-and-more/) - https://youtu.be/8ylB4thQ17g Available directly from Vickers Guide: https://www.vickersguide.com/purchase/heckler-koch-vol-4-standard The fourth and final volume of the Vickers Guide to Heckler & Koch covers the post-roller-delayed long guns made by H&K. This begins with the G11, and then the G36, HKM4/HK416, HK417, MG4, and MG5 families. It also covers a number of other related groups of guns including - [Vaporware or Successful Release: SHOT Show 2025 Retrospective](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vaporware-or-successful-release-shot-show-2025-retrospective/) - https://youtu.be/yBJRUx2nfcs Today we take a look back at last year's SHOT Show. Of all the products I did videos on, which ones successfully came to market and which dissolved into vaporware? Hop's HTX-1 Video: https://youtu.be/snpg6Vz5DOY AKB-23 Video: https://youtu.be/46wfJRmGK7A - [Coenders' Bolt-Less Last Ditch Bolt Action Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/coenders-bolt-less-last-ditch-bolt-action-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/6dq5K1cwdyY When the German Army tested last-ditch Volkssturm rifles late in World War Two, one of the particularly obscure submissions was August Coenders' Coenders-Rochling Volkssturmkarabiner. This was a bowl action rifle chambered for 8mm Mauser with a 5-round magazine. However, instead of using a traditional bolt action system it had a fixed breechblock and the - [Bannerman, the Father of Gun Collecting: Tales from the Golden Age of Surplus](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bannerman-the-father-of-gun-collecting-tales-from-the-golden-age-of-surplus/) - https://youtu.be/vOR2Ho1FpLs Francis Bannerman is really the father of the modern military surplus industry, and in many ways a father of gun collecting as we know it today. Before Bannerman, "gun collecting" was generally something for the wealthy and revolved around fancy and bespoke guns. It was not about have representative pieces of normal arms, it - [Cordova Estandar: Colombia's Domestic Service Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cordova-estandar-colombias-domestic-service-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/dNpYerpJcLc Javier Traba Pistolas: https://www.youtube.com/@TrabaPistolas/videos When the Colombian government wanted a locally produced service pistol for its military and security services, it turned to Indumil - the government-owned small arms factory. Indumil already had a license from IMI to produce Galil rifles (both the older AR and the new Ace), and they leveraged the tools - [How Red Dot Sights Work (What is a Collimator?)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-red-dot-sights-work-what-is-a-collimator/) - https://youtu.be/kSiBPvdFnwo A whole lot of people have used red dot sights, but how many actually understand how they work? Let's see if we can fix that today... - [Stamm-Saurer Model 1916 Short-Recoil Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stamm-saurer-model-1916-short-recoil-light-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/_VpoSAyltZY Hans Stamm developed a series of firearms in Switzerland in the early 1900s, and today we are looking at a Model 1916 light machine gun. This was developed while Stamm was working for the Saurer company, where he headed its small arms division. Stamm's prior straight pull manual rifle and long-recoil semiautomatic rifles had - [Buying W.W. Greener: Tales from the Golden Age of Surplus](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/buying-w-w-greener-tales-from-the-golden-age-of-surplus/) - https://youtu.be/15t_-T6ufOU I am joined today by Val Forgett III of Navy Arms for the first in a series of videos telling some of his stories form growing up in the golden age of surplus, with a father who was one of the largest arms dealers in the US. Today, we are talking about how his - [The First Red Dot Sights: Aimpoint Electronic, MkIII, and Aimpoint 1000](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-first-red-dot-sights-aimpoint-electronic-mkiii-and-aimpoint-1000/) - https://youtu.be/OFd8GVITzOY Today we are looking at the first commercial red dot optic, and its successors. In 1975, Aimpoint released the Aimpoint Electronic, a collimating optic using an LED as a light source. It was intended for the hunting market, where an unmagnified optic that could be used with both eyes open offered a significant improvement - [Ross 1912 Cadet: Straight Pull .22 Rimfire Training Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ross-1912-cadet-straight-pull-22-rimfire-training-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/ZSYajKG4u4M The Ross model 1912 Cadet rifle was introduced in 1912 as a diminutive rimfire companion to the 1905 and 1910 military Ross rifles. It was a single-shot straight pull rifle, with a somewhat unusual locking bolt system. Somewhere between 13,000 and 17,000 appear to have been made, for civilian commercial sale, Cadet Corps, and - [Print Gun Magazines are Dead (or are they?)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/print-gun-magazines-are-dead-or-are-they/) - https://youtu.be/HAPk4Fq-jsI Print gun magazines used to be the standard way to stay tuned to the new scholarship in the world of collectible firearms. Then we got the internet. Today, researchers paid to write articles for print magazines have been effectively supplanted by collectors posting equally detailed and well-researched pieces on free public forums. While this - [Indonesian M95/51 Mannlicher Carbine & Short Rifle Converted to .303 British](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/indonesian-m95-51-mannlicher-carbine-short-rifle-converted-to-303-british/) - https://youtu.be/yRyJ7mwHpRI When Indonesia won its independence in 1949, its military had a real mess of different equipment. The SMLE was adopted as the first standard rifle, ut these were in short supply and a lot of Arisakas and Dutch Mannlichers were also in the country's possession. Looking for a weapon for rural police using the - [Finnish Civil Guard m/33 Sniper (Built on the m/28-30 Mosin)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finnish-civil-guard-m-33-sniper-built-on-the-m-28-30-mosin/) - https://youtu.be/x1XkUVvRt4E The first Finnish Civil guard sniper rifle was the m/28, but its development was paused when the m/28-30 improved rifle was developed. Once that rifle wa sin production, they set about making a scoped version. The scope was the Zeiss Zielview 4x, and the Guard bought 25 of them to build the first run of - [Israeli Mauser K98k Sniper Rifles: Wild Heerbrug & Nimrod](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/israeli-mauser-k98k-sniper-rifles-wild-heerbrug-nimrod/) - https://youtu.be/I3OPzdhah6U The first Israeli military sniper rifles were German K98k snipers obtained by the nascent Israeli armed forces in the late 1940s. These were used in Israel's independence war, and served well. When the IDF decided to adopt the 7.62mm NATO cartridge and converted its Mauser rifles to that caliber using new barrels, the best-shooting - [Rare & Unique Sightings From 100 French FR-F2 Sniper Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rare-unique-sightings-from-100-french-fr-f2-sniper-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/GEOR7hclVFE Today I had a chance to dig through no less than one hundred FR-F2 snipers brought in by Navy Arms. I found a number of interesting and unusual things in the process, including a number of three-digit serial numbered very early production examples and some renumbered guns. We'll also be looking at the Scrome - [Yugoslav M92: The Serbian 7.62x39mm Pseudo-Krink](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yugoslav-m92-the-serbian-7-62x39mm-pseudo-krink/) - https://youtu.be/aqhHzANgNWg The Yugoslav M92 rifle is most often compared to the Soviet AKS-74U "Krinkov" - it is a compact, folding-stock version of Zastava's M70 AK, just as the 74U was the compact version of the AK-74 series. However, the M92 was actually not made for a particular military requirement but rather for commercial export sales. - [SAP M10: RPB Makes a Semiauto MAC-10](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sap-m10-rpb-makes-a-semiauto-mac-10/) - https://youtu.be/CmPUmcm8W58 When Wayne Daniels took over control of RPB in 1978, he introduced a semiautomatic pistol version of the iconic MAC submachine gun. Called the "SAP" (Semi Automatic Pistol), there were three versions; .380, 9mm, and .45. They fired form an open bolt, and were virtually identical to the full auto type, but with a - [Q&A December 2025: How I Write Books (and Much More)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-december-2025-how-i-write-books-and-much-more/) - https://youtu.be/bruFeV7zGDs Thanks to Kyrö for sponsoring this Q&A! Use the code HOLIDAYSPIRIT10 for 10% off their spirits at: https://kyrodistillery.com 0:03:34 - Gun design standing on the shoulders of others 0:08:08 - Swiss adoption of the SIG P320 0:10:43 - High pressure cartridges, like 7mm Backcountry 0:13:46 - FRTs and SuperSafeties 0:17:55 - Is it hard - [Mauser M80SA: Actually a High Power and Actually Hungarian](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mauser-m80sa-actually-a-high-power-and-actually-hungarian/) - https://youtu.be/Qke2sUb5P0s Our book on Hungarian AKs, "Rifles on the Danube", is available here: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/danube-book In the 1980s, the Mauser company was completely adrift, without any real plans or goals or good leadership. They had been trying to get by on relaunched old designs, and not been very successful. By the late 80s they move on - [Ian Must Face the Cursed Chauchats](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ian-must-face-the-cursed-chauchats/) - https://youtu.be/zSVY5l5FP84 Just for reference, here's the Belgian M1927 Chauchat: https://youtu.be/0RtTck6tLIU - [Beretta M1918: Italy's 9mm Semiauto 9mm Carbine from WWI](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-m1918-italys-9mm-semiauto-9mm-carbine-from-wwi/) - https://youtu.be/jM3kZHUAtCA Italy adopted the Villar Perosa in 1915, a gun that is sometimes considered the first submachine gun. Despite being fully automatic and chambered for pistol ammo (9mm Glisenti/Parabellum), it was actually not a submachine gun in practice. It was actually a twin gun, fired usually from a bipod using spade grips. It had some - [Tanki Maraka: the US Radar Base 50 Miles from Venezuela](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tanki-maraka-the-us-radar-base-50-miles-from-venezuela/) - https://youtu.be/BNxwGjgClNo Just as today, the Dutch Caribbean islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao had oil refining infrastructure back in World Wa rTwo. After some German naval action in the Caribbean early in the war, the Dutch government invited US forces to move onto the islands as security. This became part of US Caribbean Command, and - [LMG-25: The Swiss Toggle-Locked Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lmg-25-the-swiss-toggle-locked-light-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/QWOafSW-ZEQ The LMG-25 was designed by Adolph Furrer at Waffenfabrik Bern in the 1920s. Furrer was a devoted fan of the toggle locking system, and also designed a toggle-locked submachine gun that Switzerland (unwisely) adopted in 1941. The LMG-25 was first produced in 1924, adopted in 1925, and remained in production until 1946 with a - [Grendel P10 and its Stripper Clips at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/grendel-p10-and-its-stripper-clips-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/Ay-4OeWAK3g The Grendel P10 is a .380 ACP pistol designed to use 10-round stripper clips in a fixed magazine. Specifically, it used M16 clips - the case head of .380 is nearly identical to that of 5.56mm, and so the clips can be interchanged. Neat! The downside is that the Grendel has a terrible trigger, - [AR-16: Armalite's Lost Battle Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ar-16-armalites-lost-battle-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/jBl6ERBZ4sw The AR-16 was developed in the late 1950s as a less manufacturing intensive option to the AR-10. It began with the AR-12, which was a prototype intended to use a stamped receiver with the Stoner DI gas system. When Armalite sold the AR-15 patents to Colt, they had to revise that design, and it - [The Real T26 "Tanker" M1 Garand](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-real-t26-tanker-m1-garand/) - https://youtu.be/G9cwZ6Dw39Q Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten The name "tanker" has been applied to shortened M1 Garand rifles for a long time and today we are looking at one of the rifle that was the genesis of that concept. It actually has nothing to do with tanks; the idea for a - [The Extremely Rare Folding Stock Beretta 38/43](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-extremely-rare-folding-stock-beretta-38-43/) - https://youtu.be/CE-74usHyW8 The Beretta Model 38 SMG was a very successful design, and a folding-stocked version of it was a natural development. Beretta first made a prototype of such a thing in 1941, but it never went into production - possibly because Italy ceased to have an effective paratrooper corps after El Alamein. However, many of - [Japanese National Police Revolvers: S&W 37-2 and 360J](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-national-police-revolvers-sw-37-2-and-360j/) - https://youtu.be/IxcPZhfK1qA Before World War Two, the national police in Japan were used substantially as an enforcement agency for political reasons. After the war this changed, and the police were re-formed with a vision of them being a community oriented agency, non-threatening and helpful. Still, some sort of armament was needed, and so they were given - [Between SMG and PDW: Sweden's CBJ-MS](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/between-smg-and-pdw-swedens-cbj-ms/) - https://youtu.be/USr6QiWtOOE The CBJ-MS is a submachine gun designed by Swedish arms developed Carl Bertil Johansson, perhaps better known for his remarkable armor-piercing 6.5x25mm CBJ cartridge. He developed the gun at about the same time as the cartridge, on his own time while working at the Carl Gustafs factory in Eskilstuna. While it bears a lot - [Small Arms of the Cold War: NATO Battle Rifles - Book Now Shipping!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/small-arms-of-the-cold-war-nato-battle-rifles-book-now-shipping/) - https://youtu.be/ru45s8M5eoU Available and shipping now from: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/cold-war-battle Sorry to our European folks, but the copies allocated to the European shipping center have already sold out, so we can only fulfill orders from the US. The Battle Rifle is a class of infantry rifles inextricably linked to the NATO forces of Cold War-era Europe. After the - [M1E5 Experimental Paratrooper Garand](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1e5-experimental-paratrooper-garand/) - https://youtu.be/8JVBCchQ_fM In January 1944 men of the 93rd Infantry Division field-modified an M1 to give it a shorter (18") barrel, and the rifle was sent back to the US and tested by the Infantry Board. The idea was that a rifle like this might be of use to paratroopers, being more powerful than the M1A1 - [Knight's Armament Silent Revolving Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/knights-armament-silent-revolving-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/I2V4Cjob6_s In the early 1990s, Knight's Armament was approached by an unnamed agency looking for a very specialized weapon. It needed to be a repeating firearm that left no brass behind while being effectively silent and capable of shooting a 1.5" group at 100 yards. To meet these requirements, Knight's chose to begin with a - [PSS: Russia's Silent Captive-Piston Handgun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pss-russias-silent-captive-piston-handgun/) - https://youtu.be/6RDS92zBv6k The PSS is a semiautomatic pistol using captive piston ammunition to achieve a comparable level of sound suppression to a .22 pistol with a good normal suppressor. It was developed to replace a couple multi-barrel derringer style captive piston pistols in Soviet use, with the semiautomatic action and (6-round) detachable magazines making it suitable - ["Forged in Snow" Launch Ends Tonight: Livestream Announcement!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/forged-in-snow-launch-ends-tonight-livestream-announcement/) - https://youtu.be/qZEfqdyxou4 You still have a few hours to get in on the discount and the Kickstarter Exclusive "frozen" cover: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=4esibx - [Why the M7 and 6.8x51mm are Bad Ideas: Welcome to my TED Talk](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/why-the-m7-and-6-8x51mm-are-bad-ideas-welcome-to-my-ted-talk/) - https://youtu.be/kqlKXrwmRMQ NATO Cold War Battle Rifles and much more: https://www.headstamppublishing.com Cappy Army video on the SIG M7A1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n06vpf-vaSg CBJ Armor Piecing ammunition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90ECrL_4GPc The plan to replace the 5.56mm M4 Carbine with the 6.8mm M7 as the US Army's standard infantry rifle is a bad idea, and today I will try to explain why. In - [T31: Garand's Bizarre Bullpup](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/t31-garands-bizarre-bullpup/) - https://youtu.be/D5TMfK0NvFM The T31 was John Garand's last project during his employment at Springfield Armory. It was proposed in 1948 as a bullpup configuration rifle to minimize muzzle blast and flash. It was a select-fire rifle with a 20-round detachable box magazine and basically every aspect of the design was unorthodox. The original gas system was - [Steyr M1912/16 Automatic "Repetierpistole"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/steyr-m1912-16-automatic-repetierpistole/) - https://youtu.be/1OFophjcKCY In the latter half of World War One the Austro-Hungarian military experimented with a number of select-fire pistol type weapons. One of these was the Steyr Repetierpistole M1912/16, an automatic adaptation of the regular M1912 pistol. It was given a 16-round fixed magazine (loaded via two 8-round stripper clips) and a selector switch. A - [Pretty Cool Finnish Gun Posters: Suomi, AK, & Mosin](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pretty-cool-finnish-gun-posters-suomi-ak-mosin/) - https://youtu.be/5CglpIPHnC4 We made some pretty awesome posters of the best Finnish small arms to go along with Forged in Snow - Suomi SMGs, Finnish military AKs, and Finnish Mosins. Check them out at the Forged in Snow Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=e6kitz - [Origins of the Legendary CZ-75: Short Rail and Pre-B Models](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/origins-of-the-legendary-cz-75-short-rail-and-pre-b-models/) - https://youtu.be/vIhLBhZ8UjQ Find something cool for Black Friday at Headstamp Publishing! https://www.headstamppublishing.com The CZ-75 began development in the late 1960s as a commercial project. It was not intended for Czechoslovak military use, but instead for export sales to bring foreign currency into Czechoslovakia. It was designed by František Koucký with some elements form other pistols (like - [Semiauto SAR-80 "Sterling Assault Rifle" at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/semiauto-sar-80-sterling-assault-rifle-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/uhw6sVnxqB0 The SAR-80 was a design by Frank Waters at Sterling in the UK, but was not actually put into production by Sterling. Instead, it was licensed to Chartered Industries of Singapore in 1977, who eventually made about 80,000 of them for Singapore, Slovenia, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, and the Central African Republic. This is - [Q&A November 2025: The 6.8x51 is Still a Bad Idea](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-november-2025-the-6-8x51-is-still-a-bad-idea/) - https://youtu.be/k4rRDm5mRD0 Use code "FORGOTTENRYE10" for 10% off Kyrö Distillery spirits at their web store: https://kyrodistillery.com/ 00:00:20 - Aimpoint offering multi-reticle options? 00:01:55 - Blood lead levels from shooting 00:05:59 - Combining scuba with history and guns My scuba channel; Deep Dive With Ian: https://www.youtube.com/@DeepDiveWithIan 00:07:51 - Change in rifling twist rate for 5.56mm 00:10:30 - - [TKIV-85: Finland's Ultimate Mosin Nagant Sniper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tkiv-85-finlands-ultimate-mosin-nagant-sniper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/h5eMChPYH_k Join the Kickstarter for "Forged in Snow: Finnish Small Arms 1917-2025" here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=desl1o Finland's final iteration of Mosin Nagant sniper was adopted in the 1980s to replace a mix-and-match assortment of m/39-43, m/27-66, and m/28-76 rifles. The two options were a Mosin system using a new bedding block (developed by Border Guard officer E. - [The First M60 Prototype: FG42 + MG42 = T44](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-first-m60-prototype-fg42-mg42-t44/) - https://youtu.be/Xdwx17V_7VY The FG-42 caught the attention of a lot of countries at the end of World War Two. The British and Swiss both used it as the starting point for some developments. The US went one step simpler, and simply cut up a captured FG-42 to make into the T44, the first prototype of what - [Pienoiskivääri m/91 Finnish .22 Mosin Trainer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pienoiskivaari-m-91-finnish-22-mosin-trainer/) - https://youtu.be/q8OVe-IxUl0 This and all the other Finnish Mosins are detailed in my new book "Forged in Snow": https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=b8ft1r In the 1920s the Finnish Defense Forces wanted a reduced-power training rifle to allow low-cost marksmanship practice and to allow shooting on small ranges. After investigating drop-in rimfire conversions, they decided to make dedicated .22 rimfire m/91 - [Rideout Arsenal Dragon: A New Low-Bore-Axis Lever-Delayed Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rideout-arsenal-dragon-a-new-low-bore-axis-lever-delayed-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/FQ7RdSgGeMA Wauser t-shirt available from Varusteleka: https://varusteleka.com/en/products/forgotten-weapons-wauser-cotton-t-shirt The Rideout Arsenal Dragon is a very interesting new pistol from an independent entrepreneurial designer, Travis Rideout. It is a lever-delayed action with a very low bore axis and a stationary optic when firing. It has a completely tool-less disassembly, and a lot of clever design elements. This - [Aly & Kaufman AKB-23: Better Than the SA80 / L85](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/aly-kaufman-akb-23-better-than-the-sa80-l85/) - https://youtu.be/46wfJRmGK7A Penguin Brutality t-shirt available from Varusteleka: https://varusteleka.com/en/products/forgotten-weapons-penguin-brutality-t-shirt The Aly & Kaufman AKB-23 is a set of parts that allows one to use a Brownells BRN-180 upper to create an SA80 / L85 lookalike. It's a very clever adaptation, based on the fact that the original British L85A1 was essentially copied from the AR-180 design. - [MY NEW BOOK! Forged in Snow: Finnish Small Arms 1917-2025](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-new-book-forged-in-snow-finnish-small-arms-1917-2025/) - https://youtu.be/DOEcQHAgHIY Join the book launch on Kickstarter now! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=f1ouec Forged in Snow: Finnish Small Arms 1917 - 2025 is a reference guide to military firearms manufactured and modified in Finland. Intended for collectors and historians alike, it covers the full scope of Finland's small arms from pistols to antitank rifles and from independence in 1917 - [Drum-Fed LMG for Chinese Warlords: the Finnish LS-26/31](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/drum-fed-lmg-for-chinese-warlords-the-finnish-ls-26-31/) - https://youtu.be/a0qQ5I7Ykt0 Join the Forged in Snow launch here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=2sw39d After the Finnish Defense Forces adopted the LS26 light machine gun, Aimo Lahti and the Tikkakoski factory continued to work on further developing it. They designed a 75-round drum for antiaircraft use, and built 50 trials examples in 1931. The design used a specially cut receiver - [Adventures in Surplus! Finnish M28 "Ski Trooper"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/adventures-in-surplus-finnish-m28-ski-trooper/) - https://youtu.be/xK_Bo2KIBrM Get your exclusive preorder copy of Forged in Snow today! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=3xnziv Today we are going to take a look at just how much historical be read from the features and markings of an individual rifle. This is an early production Finnish M28 "ski trooper" Mosin Nagant that can be traced from Russian manufacture to - [m/27PH aka m/37: Finland's First Standard Sniper Rifle (and it's really bad)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m-27ph-aka-m-37-finlands-first-standard-sniper-rifle-and-its-really-bad/) - https://youtu.be/xJGqaNOBb_o Join the Forged in Snow launch here: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/forged-in-snow?ref=55a9yv The m27PH, aka the m/37, was the first standardized Finnish sniper rifle. It was developed as part of the plan to make a whole family of m/27 rifles for the Finnish Army, including cavalry, trainer, and sniper models. The sniper model was delayed because of the - [Preproduction wz89 Onyx: the Polish Krinkov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/preproduction-wz89-onyx-the-polish-krinkov/) - https://youtu.be/Kyh3FuDNbUs After developing the 5.45mm Tantal rifle (adopted in 1988), the Radom factory moved on to designing a compact "SMG" version. This would be designated the wz.89 "Onyx", but never made it into mass production thanks to the collapse of the Communist government in Poland. The first production batch was made in 1991 using a - [T20 Family: Springfield Makes the Garand a Grenade Launching Sniper Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/t20-family-springfield-makes-the-garand-a-grenade-launching-sniper-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/1b2BTTyx1AM Late in 1944 the Ordnance Committee recommended adoption of a magazine-fed, select-fire version of the M1 Garand as a new standard US infantry rifle. Both Springfield and Remington developed rifles to meet the requirement, with Springfield's being the T20 and Remington's the T22. The Springfield design went through several iterations from the original T20 - [Apache Arms Carbine: A Saga of Compliance and Crappy Manufacture](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/apache-arms-carbine-a-saga-of-compliance-and-crappy-manufacture/) - https://youtu.be/41kZ17Fr8IA The Apache Arms carbine was a Thompson SMG lookalike that was made in small numbers in the late 1960s. It was the successor to the Spitfire carbine made by the same people, after the Spitfire was deemed a machine gun by the IRS. The Apache used M3 Grease Gun magazines and was chambered for - [Licensed Troubleshoot: Guns of James Bond UPDATE!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/licensed-troubleshoot-guns-of-james-bond-update/) - https://youtu.be/yUtYyVkoGH0 Licensed Troubleshooter is still available for preorder: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/licensed-troubleshooter At long last we have proof of life for Licensed Troubleshooter: the Guns of James Bond by Caleb Daniels! This book hit several production delays, but is finally now in the final stages and nearly ready to ship. We just got a couple advance copies; have - [Q&A October 2025: Weird Pistols & Future Plans](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-october-2025-weird-pistols-future-plans/) - https://youtu.be/_WG0Tq0-wcA Use code "FORGOTTENWEAPONS10" for 10% off Kyrö Distillery spirits at their web store: https://kyrodistillery.com/ Personal questions 03:07 - How is Ian doing? 04:38 - Family firearms background 05:47 - Favorite Finnish firearm 08:22 - Am I still learning French? How about Finnish? 09:58 - Plans for 2026 for Forgotten Weapons and Headstamp Publishing 12:14 - [AK50: How Hard Could it Be? Brandon Herrera's 10-Year Project](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ak50-how-hard-could-it-be-brandon-herreras-10-year-project/) - https://youtu.be/YagIIpex8Is Scaling the AK up to .50 BMG...how hard could it be? Today we find out, with a detailed looks at all threee iterations of Brandon Herrera's AK-50 project. - [GIGN's Unique Bren 2 in 7.62x39: Counterterrorism and Hostage Rescue](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gigns-unique-bren-2-in-7-62x39-counterterrorism-and-hostage-rescue/) - https://youtu.be/XW9psVnYJAY GIGN - the "Group d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale" (Intervention Group of the National Gendarmerie) is the tip of the spear for French counterterrorism and major crime response. They are a relatively small (a few hundred operators) unit that deploys anywhere in France any often around the world. They curate a wide range of - [Type 85: China's Special Forces SMG (Regular and Silenced Versions)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-85-chinas-special-forces-smg-regular-and-silenced-versions/) - https://youtu.be/stPCRbxXvqE Jason Clower's video on the development and use of the Type 85: https://youtu.be/-XB3axKpn98 The Type 85 was a submachine gun developed in the 1980s in China to replace the failure that was the Type 79. It was a very simple design; firing from an open bolt and using a plain blowback action chambered for - [The Original AR-15: Serial Number 6 in Original Configuration](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-original-ar-15-serial-number-6-in-original-configuration/) - https://youtu.be/Trs30zg7S8k The very first AR15 rifles submitted to US government trials were extremely light rights, with an assortment of interesting features that did not last long. They had top-mounted charging handles, one-piece hand guards, very thin barrels with plain muzzles, and a different safety selector configuration than became normal later one. Updates and modifications were - [Soldier of Three Armies: Lauri Törni Biography Part 1 - Finland](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/soldier-of-three-armies-lauri-torni-biography-part-1-finland/) - https://youtu.be/B2LZJ3BhqJo Törni/Thorne shirts & patches: https://varusteleka.com/products/forgotten-weapons-lauri-torni-t-shirt-cotton "Born a Soldier: The Times and Life of Larry Thorne" by J. Michael Cleverley; recommended English language book on Thorne: https://amzn.to/3ZUjni4 Kari Kallonen's book in Finnish is available here: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50744551-lauri-t-rni---mannerheim-ristin-ritari-ja-usa Today is the first of a two-part biography on Finnish legend Lauri Törni, later known as Larry Thorne. He - [Larry Thorne Biography Part 2: Green Berets in Vietnam](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/larry-thorne-biography-part-2-green-berets-in-vietnam/) - https://youtu.be/4Usz8HjRIuE Törni/Thorne shirts & patches: https://varusteleka.com/products/forgotten-weapons-lauri-torni-t-shirt-cotton "Born a Soldier: The Times and Life of Larry Thorne" by J. Michael Cleverley; recommended English language book on Thorne: https://amzn.to/3ZUjni4 Kari Kallonen's book in Finnish is available here: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/50744551-lauri-t-rni---mannerheim-ristin-ritari-ja-usa Welcome back to Part II of our biography on Lauri Törni / Larry Thorne with author and researcher Kari - [ASh-78: Albania Makes the Worst AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ash-78-albania-makes-the-worst-ak/) - https://youtu.be/doA3TmxUZ2Q Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten Albanian AKs are both pretty scarce to find outside Albania, and also a bit unusual in the AK field. Where most countries followed Russian AK development, Albania instead patterned theirs on the Chinese Type 56. China had Russian assistance in producing the original milled-receiver - [Remote Brutality 2025: Burpees For Everyone!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/remote-brutality-2025-burpees-for-everyone/) - https://youtu.be/GS3A_sr-Vmk Grayman & Co Tailoring: https://tidd.ly/3VFYqpp Because of the scheduling of Finnish Brutality 2025 early this year and Finnish Brutality 2026 in late summer next year, there is a really drought of Finnish Brutality right now - so Varusteleka decided to hold a Remote Brutality. This is one rifle and one pistol stage that are - [Foldy-Glock: The Full Conceal M3D (History and Shooting)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/foldy-glock-the-full-conceal-m3d-history-and-shooting/) - https://youtu.be/opR5D7AhZlk Full Conceal was a company that designed a folding Glock. The intent was to create a pistol that could be easily, discreetly, and safely carried in a pocket but still offer the handing and capability of a full size service pistol. They did this by cutting off the grip of a Glock 19 (M3D) - [BUG Match: Serbu Super Shorty vs MIL Thunder 5](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bug-match-serbu-super-shorty-vs-mil-thunder-5/) - https://youtu.be/U-6AnYtwiQs Today at the Back-Up Gun Match we have a showdown between shotguns. But not proper shotguns; oh no - we are using only tiny shotguns! Friend of the channel (and regular BUG Match enjoyer) Matt Haught from Symtac Consulting is shooting a Serbu Super Shorty and I am shooting a MIL Thunder Five (a - [Colt LE-901 Modular Multi-Caliber AR: A Well-Designed Failure](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-le-901-modular-multi-caliber-ar-a-well-designed-failure/) - https://youtu.be/7QnK6FMxdxY Colt originally developed the 901 as part of the US Army SCAR program, with the intention being to create a 7.62x51mm rifle that could also use unmodified 5.56x45mm upper assemblies. This would allow special operations units to customize a single weapon to a variety of different configurations for different mission profiles. Mechanically, the system - [Project PRAK: Converting the CZ50 Pistol to 9x18mm Makarov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/project-prak-converting-the-cz50-pistol-to-9x18mm-makarov/) - https://youtu.be/DusMWSHL9yQ In 1966, CZ undertook Project PRAK (“Slingshot”) to investigate the possibility of converting the CZ50 pocket pistol to 9x18mm Makarov. The PM Makarov was adopted in the 1950s and used throughout the eastern bloc, but not in Czechoslovakia. A normal CZ50 pistol was taken from the production line and fitted with a barrel from - [Forgotten SIGs: SIG Pro SP2009 & SP2022](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/forgotten-sigs-sig-pro-sp2009-sp2022/) - https://youtu.be/Nb4u7yl0iP4 In 1998, SIG released the SIG Pro SP2340, essentially a polymer framed P226 chambered for .40S&W. This was followed the next year by the SP2009; the same gun but in 9x19mm. These pistols proved quite popular with law enforcement agencies, and SIG was able to win a very large contract with French law enforcement - [Where I Shop for Clothes & Gear (and why it's Varusteleka)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/where-i-shop-for-clothes-gear-and-why-its-varusteleka/) - https://youtu.be/wbRYTEfSltQ I've been wearing Varusteleka clothing in my daily life and using their military kit for many years now, because t'swell made, high quality, and comfortable. They very much fit the Nordic stereotype of "buy once, cry once" and making things that will last a lifetime. They have just recently relaunched a new web store, - [September 2025 Q&A: All About Battle Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/september-2025-qa-all-about-battle-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/W2nVO4PhhMQ NATO Battle Rifles book: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/cold-war-battle 00:30 - What is a "battle rifle"? 03:02 - What is the specific definition of "full power cartridge"? 07:59 - Will the US 6.8x51 lead to more widespread battle rifle adoption? 10:54 - Full auto practicality in battle rifles (w/ FRTs and such) 12:40 - Favorite hypothetical boutique AR-10 - [Hovea M44: Husqvarna Makes a Submachine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hovea-m44-husqvarna-makes-a-submachine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/_r3hmDUO7is The Hovea M44 was tested by the Danish and Swedish militaries in 1945, competing agains the Carl Gustaf M45. It was designed and produced by Husqvarna (yes, the chainsaw company) and just 10 of them were made for testing. It was designed around the Suomi quad-stack magazine, which was also originally a Swedish design. - [FAMAS G1: Simplified for Export](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/famas-g1-simplified-for-export/) - https://youtu.be/p2FgIwl6z0o The FAMAS G1 was developed as a lower-cost option for FAMAS export sales. The original F1 model had been offered for international sale, but it attracted little interest largely because of its high price. In response, GIAT created the G1 with many of the extra features left optional. This allowed them to reduce the - [An Interesting Silenced Bulgarian Makarov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/an-interesting-silenced-bulgarian-makarov/) - https://youtu.be/xFfHlXQT6qs Today we are taking a look at an interesting silenced Bulgarian Makarov with a mechanism added to lock the slide. This sort of feature is usually thought of as a sneaky way to avoid ejecting brass and leaving it behind, but it actually serves a much more practical purpose. One of the loudest elements - [Albania's Rather Odd Grenade Launching AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/albanias-rather-odd-grenade-launching-ak/) - https://youtu.be/g-VS_ZwXxF0 In addition to its regular ASh-78 (fixed stock) and ASh-82 (under folder) Kalashnikovs, Albania also made a model specifically for launching rifle grenades and it has some odd features. The rear sight block was redesigned to have a hinge permanently attaching the top cover, and the rear sight was moved back onto that top - [ZK-466: CZ Makes a Folding Submachine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zk-466-cz-makes-a-folding-submachine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/7YUnr18WRfw The ZK-466 was one of the post-war submachine guns developed in Czechoslovakia as part of the competition for a new Czech military SMG. Developed by Josef Koucky (who was also designer of the ZK-383 before the war), it is a 9x19mm open bolt simple blowback system with a collapsing stock and folding magazine well - [Tomiska's Czech Army Pistol: Empty Magazine Auto-Ejection](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tomiskas-czech-army-pistol-empty-magazine-auto-ejection/) - https://youtu.be/uqkbnO2oCqY Alois Tomiška is best known for designing the first commercially successful double-action semiautomatic pistol, the “Little Tom”. But he also designed this pistol for very early Czechoslovakian military pistol. The first trial in the program was in 1920, and the winner of the trial was Josef Nickl with what became the vz.24 pistol. Tomiška - [M1E10 Garand-Ljungman Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1e10-garand-ljungman-prototype/) - https://youtu.be/8JpFsLl8u-4 Springfield Armory was involved in experimenting with he M1 Garand throughout its production, looking at various different elements that could be improved. A series of experimental models were made, with M1E[x] designations. Some of these went on to become production models like the M1C and M1D snipers, while others simply proved that some idea - [Hungarian K1 "Kucher" Light Submachine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hungarian-k1-kucher-light-submachine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/nvwf3QA4TJo In the early years after World War Two the Hungarian government needed new small arms, but chose to license Soviet designs instead of developing their own. when it came to submachine guns, this entailed production of the PPSh-41 at FÉG in 1950. Josef Kucher was a talented Hungarian arms designer who had worked with - [CZ-531: A Czech Browning in 7.62mm Tokarev](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cz-531-a-czech-browning-in-7-62mm-tokarev/) - https://youtu.be/G64SHKQTUZE The CZ-531 was developed as a replacement for the vz.52 pistol in 1953. Even as the vz.52 was being adopted, the Czech military knew that it wasn’t a great gun, and they wanted a long-term replacement based on the TT33 Tokarev design. There were two pistols put into development for this; the CZ 531 - [Bommarito: America’s First Toggle-Locked Battle Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bommarito-americas-first-toggle-locked-battle-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/nuXpxa-dv8c Designed by Giuseppe Bommarito, this was one of the many independent rifle designs submitted to the US War Department in the 1910s hoping for military adoption. It is a short recoil operated, toggle-locked system chambered for .30-06 and using detachable 20-round magazines. It was tested (without much success) at Springfield and remained in development - [Gerat 06: Germany's Incremental Steps Towards Roller Delay](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gerat-06-germanys-incremental-steps-towards-roller-delay/) - https://youtu.be/B1foKhZ_W1U The Gerät 06 is one of the steps in the development of the roller delay system that became H&K. The initial experiments involved replacing the flaps in a G43 rifle bolt with simpler rollers. In addition to making this as an experimental system in 8x57mm, Mauser also made a model in 8x33mm - and - [Czechoslovakian Flare Pistols: vz 44/67 and vz 44/81](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/czechoslovakian-flare-pistols-vz-44-67-and-vz-44-81/) - https://youtu.be/HaeilznIlo4 In 1951, Czechoslovakia received the technical data package for the Soviet SPSh flare pistol. This was a simple single shot break-action 26.5mm signal flare launcher, and they put it into production from 1952 through 1958. However, it was made with mediocre materials and the guns wore out in as few a 1,000 rounds fired. - [Pauly/Roux Pistols: The First Self-Contained Cartridges](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pauly-roux-pistols-the-first-self-contained-cartridges/) - https://youtu.be/N-h1aPjYl-w EDIT: Please note that apparently the Priestel book I used as a major source for this video is partially incorrect, in that Pauly did create a traditional percussion system in France. The fire piston / diesel system was done slightly later after he moved to England, perhaps to avoid the Forsyth patent there. --------- - ["The World's Assault Rifles": Essential for any Firearms Library](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-worlds-assault-rifles-essential-for-any-firearms-library/) - https://youtu.be/siteEoW3snY Available from Chipotle Publishing: https://chipotlepublishing.com/product/the-worlds-assault-rifles/ I am often asked about what books someone interested in firearms should get. That's a really hard question to answer because most good books have a pretty narrow focus, but there are a few that are both wide in scope and deep in detail and "The World's Assault Rifles" - [Steyr's New Modular Pistols: AT-C Competition and AT-D Defense](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/steyrs-new-modular-pistols-at-c-competition-and-at-d-defense/) - https://youtu.be/qac6_5YU9EU Steyr has just released its first new handgun since the M9. This new design is call the AT (Austria), with a competition model (AT-C) and a service/carry/defense model (AT-D). The gun is a Browning short recoil system that takes a lot of cues from the original Sig P226 handling and design. In fact, part - [Four-Barrel Mule Ear Custom Rifle from the 1850s](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/four-barrel-mule-ear-custom-rifle-from-the-1850s/) - https://youtu.be/Ta5qqtX4E1c This is a custom rifle made by gunsmith P.E. Hall of Ashtabula, Ohio most likely between 1848 and 1854. It has a cluster of four .36 caliber rifles barrels (24 inches long) in an octagonal frame. The action is a quadruple set of mule ear hammers, two on each side, with a double set - [Japanese Last-Ditch Pole Spear Bayonet](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-last-ditch-pole-spear-bayonet/) - https://youtu.be/ld2rGKBwDAU Japanese bayonets followed the same trend of simplification as Arisaka rifles towards the end of World War Two, culminating in what is today called the "pole bayonet". Abandoning even the fittings to mount to a rifle, these bayonets were intended to be lashed to a pole to create a spear. The Japanese government did - [Registered Bolt vs Registered Receiver Uzis](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/registered-bolt-vs-registered-receiver-uzis/) - https://youtu.be/BdRNt7MUtPM Most of the transferrable Uzis in the US are not factory original guns, but rather semi autos that were converted and registered as machine guns in the US before 1986 (when such activity was legal). There were several different ways to do this, with the two main ones being the registered bolt route and - [OSS Lockpick Pocketknife for Secret Intelligence Operatives](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/oss-lockpick-pocketknife-for-secret-intelligence-operatives/) - https://youtu.be/RVr3zZo8XFo In early 1944, the Office of Strategic Services purchase 1,000 specialized pocketknives made by Schrade. Instead of regular blades and tools, these were lock picking knives, with one small blade, three different picks, and two rakes. Able to easily pass as a normal pocketknife on casual inspection, nearly all of them were issued out - [The Official American Boy Scout Rifle: Remington 4-S](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-official-american-boy-scout-rifle-remington-4-s/) - https://youtu.be/WQ_V-ljJ9Wo The scouting concept exploded into the American culture after 1907, with a multitude of local, regional, and national organizations setting up in the years before World War One. Among these was the American Boy Scouts, founded by William Randolph Hearst. In 1913 they adopted the Remington 4-S as their official rifle, a .22 Short - [The Best Operational Briefcase: American 180 & Laser Sight](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-best-operational-briefcase-american-180-laser-sight/) - https://youtu.be/yC3F9Paa7aE The “American 180 Security Briefcase” is the best execution of the operational briefcase concept that I have yet seen. The idea is simple; hide a submachine gun inside an ordinary looking briefcase so that it can be carried in the open by VIP security without arousing attention. Sometimes this is done strictly for stowage - [Potato Digger at War: Marlin Model 1917 Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/potato-digger-at-war-marlin-model-1917-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/fjI8MK0n3jM John Browning’s first machine gun design was a gas operated system that used a swinging lever instead of a linear piston. He presented the first prototype to Colt in 1890, and it went into production in 1895. The US Navy bought a couple hundred, but the Army opted not to adopt it (much to - [Knife-Gun Monday: Sigaud-Barnerias 5mm Pinfire](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/knife-gun-monday-sigaud-barnerias-5mm-pinfire/) - https://youtu.be/GSMCI_9mRmw Jacques Sigaud-Barnerias ran a business in Theirs, France (in the south, east of Lyon) making a variety of cutlery and associated products. Among his various table knives, pruning knives, corkscrews, and pock knives he also sold some pinfire revolver knives. The revolver element was made under contract by a shop in Liege Belgium, proofed - [Webley .22 Target Model Mk IV Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/webley-22-target-model-mk-iv-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/ElkvpUqePe8 Webley made a variety of .22 rimfire revolvers and revolver conversions for most of its history. Rimfire conversions were used by the military for reduced-cost training, and they were popular on the civilian market for sport and competition shooting. When Webley introduced its MkIV small-frame revolver, it was available in .38 and .32 caliber, - [Soviet World War Two 50mm Light Mortars (RM-39 & RM-40)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/soviet-world-war-two-50mm-light-mortars-rm-39-rm-40/) - https://youtu.be/VxuYbDyCSiw The Soviet Union decided to adopt a 50mm light mortar in 1937 as a company-level armament. The first such weapon they used was the RM-38, introduced in 1938. It was a complex design, with a gas venting system to adjust range (200m - 800m), a bipod specifically set to either 45 or 75 degrees, - [A Modern Integrally Suppressed Pistol for Everyone: The SilencerCo Maxim 9](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-modern-integrally-suppressed-pistol-for-everyone-the-silencerco-maxim-9/) - https://youtu.be/j47UzC7qQ3M SilencerCo announced the Maxim-9 pistol in late 2015. Having gone through some huge growth of the past few years, the company wanted to expand its capabilities and thought that the time was right for a modern integrally suppressed pistol. It was a unique new design of modern semiautomatic pistol build from the ground up - [M2 Carbine vs MP44 Sturmgewehr (w/ John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m2-carbine-vs-mp44-sturmgewehr-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/U4hE6Km3RaY Today we are considering two late World War Two rifles: the American M2 Carbine and the German MP-44 Sturmgewehr. Which would you take into combat? The Sturmgewehr is certainly iconic, with a more powerful cartridge, easy controllability, and a solid combat record. The M2 Carbine is much lighter and shorter, but often considered underpowered - [Walther’s Forgotten SMG: The MPK (and MPL)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/walthers-forgotten-smg-the-mpk-and-mpl/) - https://youtu.be/3qElfsloKH8 Walther began developing a modern stamped sheet metal SMG in the late 1950s, and it entered production in 1963. It was an open-bolt, simple blowback gun available in a short (MPK; 6.75” barrel) and long (MPL; 10.25” barrel) version. It was cheap and simple, but well thought out with a number of quite good - [Interdynamic MP-9 SMG: Origin of the TEC-9](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/interdynamic-mp-9-smg-origin-of-the-tec-9/) - https://youtu.be/2_6EtJVG-PY The story of the Tec-9 begins with a Swedish company called Interdynamic AB and their designer Göran Lars Magnus Kjellgren designing a cheap and simple submachine gun for military use. It found no interested clients, and so the company decided to market it in the United States as a semiautomatic pistol. Kjellgren moved to - [Baker Pattern 1800 Rifle for Napoleonic Wars Sharpshooters](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/baker-pattern-1800-rifle-for-napoleonic-wars-sharpshooters/) - https://youtu.be/8xKEC414BBo The British military decided to organize their disparate small units of riflemen into a single standardized group in 1800. The 95th Regiment - the British Rifle Corps - was founded and it was equipped with a pattern of rifle designed by one Ezekiel Baker. This was a .625 caliber rifle with a 30” long - [Colt SMG: First of the 9mm ARs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-smg-first-of-the-9mm-ars/) - https://youtu.be/cwhCl8VdYh0 All the best firearms history channels streaming to all major devices! Join today and get a week free: weaponsandwar.tv With the expansion of SWAT teams throughout law enforcement in the 1980s, Colt realized that it was leaving a lot of sales on the table by not having a submachine gun it could offer alongside - [Reproduction HEL-E4A Vietnam M16 Silencer by International Milspec Co](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/reproduction-hel-e4a-vietnam-m16-silencer-by-international-milspec-co/) - https://youtu.be/7wwBKCtKtm8 The Human Engineering Lab's HEL-E4A was the most commonly used suppressor used in the Vietnam War. It was the result of a series of suppressor designs from the Aberdeen Proving Grounds HEL which were developed to balance suppression and back pressure, so that they could operate reliably on a standard M16 rifle. A total - [SIG's Real P320 Problem is no Longer Uncommanded Discharges](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sigs-real-p320-problem-is-no-longer-uncommanded-discharges/) - https://youtu.be/rjEhgXAALL8 Penguin Brutality patch and t-shirt available from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-penguin-brutality-t-shirt/81986 The problem of the P320 has evolved past the actual mechanical issue with the pistol - which still hasn't actually bee identified. The problem is actually that the P320 does not offer any capability that isn't available in a multitude of other pistols that are, - [Q&A: Chinese Small Arms w/ Jason Clower from Type 56: The Story of China's Army](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-chinese-small-arms-w-jason-clower-from-type-56-the-story-of-chinas-army/) - https://youtu.be/051A-rPvqdI My book "Pistols of the Warlords" is available through Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/chinese-pistols Today I am very happy to welcome Jason Clower as our Q&A guest. Jason runs the channel "Type 56: The Story of China's Army" where he teaches the history of the PLA and its small arms, combat tactics, strategy, and logistics to - [.50 BMG and the Geneva Convention](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/50-bmg-and-the-geneva-convention/) - https://youtu.be/5yQF7bbYmv4 Adorable Penguin Brutality shirt available from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-penguin-brutality-t-shirt/81986?option=81709 I'm sure you've heard the one about how targeting an enemy soldier with a .50 BMG is a war crime, but targeting his belt buckle is okay because it's "materiel"? Yeah, it's totally false, but boy does that story get around... - [ATF Hates This One Trick to Get a Short Barreled Shotgun!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/atf-hates-this-one-trick-to-get-a-short-barreled-shotgun/) - https://youtu.be/woE2Fbk6SZE How can you have a 12ga with a 14" barrel but not have it be an NFA-regulated Short Barreled Shotgun? And how can you have a .410 shotgun-firing pistol that isn't an NFA-regulated Any Other Weapon? - [H&R Handy Gun: A Smoothbore Pistol Killed Off by the NFA](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hr-handy-gun-a-smoothbore-pistol-killed-off-by-the-nfa/) - https://youtu.be/NZUxfc2rVuQ The Handy Gun was introduced by Harrington & Richardson in 1924. H&R took their Model 1915 single-barrel break-action shotgun and cut it down into a handgun. It got a pistol grip and an 8” barrel, and was offered in both .410 and 28 gauge (the .410 model also able to fire some .44-caliber single-bullet - [M1918A2 MOR: How to Make a Non-NFA BAR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1918a2-mor-how-to-make-a-non-nfa-bar/) - https://youtu.be/w3JFwUYuyVg Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent firearms books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten Prior to 1986, Group Industries imported BAR parts kits and then manufactured and registered full-auto receivers for them. This produced transferrable guns which were subject to NFA registration and the $200 transfer tax - which was a much more significant sum at that - [Prototype vz.38 "Nutcracker" in 9x19mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-vz-38-nutcracker-in-9x19mm/) - https://youtu.be/oGCqgKs2K4U Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten The Czechoslovakian military adopted the vz.38 pistol as a simple blowback action chambered for .380 ACP (well, the Czech military version of .380 ACP). Other countries were interested in other calibers though, and the factory looked at making the gun in 9x19mm Parabellum as - [French Marine Commando 2-Gun: CETME-B & MAC-50](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/french-marine-commando-2-gun-cetme-b-mac-50/) - https://youtu.be/EgZHnLePcH8 There is a well-documented incident of the French intercepting a couple hundred CETME-B rifles being smuggled to the FLN in Algeria, and putting them into service with the Marine Commandos. I managed to get a CETME-B parts kit and have it built into a complete rifle (thanks, Parabellum Combat Systems!) and I figured that - [S.R.E.M.: Britain's Experimental WW2 Bullpup Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/s-r-e-m-britains-experimental-ww2-bullpup-sniper/) - https://youtu.be/bDHG6rl52M8 Want to know more about the S.R.E.M. and other British bullpup rifles? Check out Jonathan Ferguson's book on this subject, "Thorneycroft to SA80": https://www.headstamppublishing.com/bullpup-rifle-book The Sniper Rifle Experimental Model (S.R.E.M.) was designed by the "Czech Section" of small arms designers who had taken refuge in the UK to escape German occupation of Czechoslovakia. The - [French Trials FN CAL: Adding Rifle Grenade Capability](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/french-trials-fn-cal-adding-rifle-grenade-capability/) - https://youtu.be/mXEkfc4CBUg Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books! In the 1970s when the French Army was looking for a new rifle 5.56mm, they tested a number of foreign rifles alongside development the FAMAS at St Etienne. These included the HK33, the M16, and the FN CAL - and today we are looking at - [East Germany's Nice .22 AK Trainer: KK-Mpi-69](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/east-germanys-nice-22-ak-trainer-kk-mpi-69/) - https://youtu.be/cgh4LUT8ZzE Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books! The KK-Mpi-69 (Klein Kaliber Maschinenpistole 1969) was a .22 rimfire training model of the standard East German stamped AKM. It used a simple blowback replacement bolt assembly and proprietary front trunnion along with a standard AKM receiver and fire control group. There is no gas - [Pick One: G1 (FAL) vs G3 (H&K) w/ John Keene](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pick-one-g1-fal-vs-g3-hk-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/FTXCwYjhlW8 If you had to pick one, would you take a G1 (FAL) or a G3 (H&K)? Both are 7.62mm NATO rifles adopted by Germany. The G1 has more features and capabilities, like the carry handle, bipod, multiple muzzle devices, and adjustable gas system. The G3, on the other hand, is simpler, without things to - [Deep Dive With Ian: Origins of the Navy SEALs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/deep-dive-with-ian-origins-of-the-navy-seals/) - https://youtu.be/9qKbjOja0fo I've been holding out on you - I started a second channel a little while back, focused on SCUBA related material. It's a subject I am very interested in, but I didn't want to talk about it much until I had a few videos posted for people to see. I'm only posting there twice - [ASAC Presentation: The Springfield Continental Arsenal Before 1794](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/asac-presentation-the-springfield-continental-arsenal-before-1794/) - https://youtu.be/NTeTYPQCCkQ This lecture was presented at the Spring 2025 meeting of the American Society of Arms Collectors. It was given by Alex MacKenzie, Curator of the Springfield Armory National Historic Site. - [Swedish Paratrooper Prototype: AK Fm/57](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/swedish-paratrooper-prototype-ak-fm-57/) - https://youtu.be/zplQTuttnCE Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten As Sweden was looking to adopt a new self-loading infantry rifle in the 1950s, one of the contenders was a modernized version of the Ljungman. The Fm/57 is one of the last iterations of that project. It is chambered for 6.5x55mm but uses the - [G150: Swiss Silenced Guerrilla Anti-Material Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/g150-swiss-silenced-guerrilla-anti-material-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/VceFkxGqDWw The G150 is a rifle specifically assembled by and for the Swiss P-26 organization: a very secretive stay-behind group intended to fight foreign occupiers of Switzerland. It was one of a series of such organizations that began with a concern during World War Two the Germany might invade, and continued during the Cold War - [Roller Delay in France: The H&K 33F (Trials & Export Models)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/roller-delay-in-france-the-hk-33f-trials-export-models/) - https://youtu.be/sKqfAIEkFgg Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten When France was looking to replace the MAS 49/56 rifle for military service in the 1970s, it tested all of the major rifle options available. These included the Colt M16, FN CAL, and HK33. The HK required some modification to meet French military requirements, - [Jonathan Ferguson: British Military AR15s & Flintlock Revolvers](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/jonathan-ferguson-british-military-ar15s-flintlock-revolvers/) - https://youtu.be/OYjpnk7Gb58 Jonathan's book, "Thorneycroft to SA80": https://www.headstamppublishing.com/bullpup-rifle-book "Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier": https://www.headstamppublishing.com/collier-book "Who Invented the Wheelgun?": https://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase/p/wheelgun Armax Journal: https://www.armaxjournal.org Jonathan's flintlock revolver article: - [ZK 381: Czech Pre-War Prototype Battle Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zk-381-czech-pre-war-prototype-battle-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/P7c7Xwqugjs The ZK-381 was designed by Josef Koucký, his first design of 1938 (hence 381). This is one of the last of the Czech pre-war self-loading rifle projects, of which there were quite a lot. It uses a tilting bolt and a short-stroke gas piston, with ZB26 machine gun magazines and chambered for 7.92mm Mauser - [Bullets and Bones: Archaeological View of the Battle of the Little Bighorn (ASAC Presentation)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bullets-and-bones-archaeological-view-of-the-battle-of-the-little-bighorn-asac-presentation/) - https://youtu.be/VgbQ_bO0Xnw This lecture was presented at the Spring 2025 meeting of the American Society of Arms Collectors. It was given by Doug Scott, who ran a series of archaeological surveys of the Little Bighorn battlefield and coauthored a book on the results. You can find his book here: https://amzn.to/443w6kD I reviewed this book on the - [AK fm/54: Prototype Swedish Paratrooper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ak-fm-54-prototype-swedish-paratrooper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/daQ7S9lAKV0 Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten As Sweden experimented with updating the AG42 Ljungman in the 1950s, one of the intermediate patterns was the fm/54. This took the 7.62mm NATO short stroke piston conversion already developed and added a 20-round box magazine and a Carl Gustaf m/45 folding stock to - [URZ: Czech Prototype Universal Modular Weapon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/urz-czech-prototype-universal-modular-weapon/) - https://youtu.be/8cImUtPiT3k The URZ (Univerzální Ruční Zbraň, or Universal Hand Weapon) was a 1966 project designed by Jiří Čermák (designer of the vz.58 rifle). He envisioned a weapons system family with largely interchangeable elements that could be configured as a service rifle, carbine, light machine gun, vehicular machine gun, or precision rifle. The Czech military was - [Orita 1941: The Original Romanian Submachine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/orita-1941-the-original-romanian-submachine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/Zh4QWGEkST4 The Model 1941 Orita was Romania's first domestic submachine gun, but after World War Two the design was upgraded in many ways. The Model 41/48 improved the stock, sights, and controls - and virtually all of the guns underwent these changes. Original configuration 1941 examples are extremely rare today, so I made sure to - [Krieghoff's Bizarre Prototype FG42 Proposal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/krieghoffs-bizarre-prototype-fg42-proposal/) - https://youtu.be/09Y231o2lCw Check out Headstamp Publishing's extensive catalog of excellent books: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/home-forgotten When the Luftwaffe was looking for its new universal paratrooper rifle, six different German arms companies were asked to submit proposals. Only two actually did; Krieghoff and Rheinmetall. Krieghoff designed this very interesting system, clearly optimized to reduce weight and length as required by - [AK4 TP: Estonia's Modernized G3 DMR / Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ak4-tp-estonias-modernized-g3-dmr-sniper/) - https://youtu.be/qCDYHtNlxYM When Estonia received a large influx of small arms from Sweden they got both regular AK4 rifles (Sweden's version of the G3) and scoped DMR models. The standard Estonian infantry squad had nine riflemen and one designated marksman, and the scoped G3s became a large part of the DMR armament as the AK4 TP - [One-Gun Action Match: Stuff & Things "Stizon" Kit](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/one-gun-action-match-stuff-things-stizon-kit/) - https://youtu.be/caZIeb74YeA The PP-19 Bizon is a Russian 9mm AK model using helical drum magazines, made in several calibers. It was taken into service in 1996, and has been making Western AKphiles drool ever since, because who wouldn't want a compact 9mm SMG with a 64-round capacity (64 rounds in 9x18 Mak; 53 rounds in 9x19 - [Samopal vz 38: Czechoslovakia's Interwar Drum-Fed SMG in .380](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/samopal-vz-38-czechoslovakias-interwar-drum-fed-smg-in-380/) - https://youtu.be/NPBzN2-6zh0 Military interest in a submachine gun was late in Czechoslovakia, but by the late 1930s a development program was put into place. Interestingly, the main use case for an SMG was seen as being a replacement for a rifle-caliber LMG in fortification mounts. The thought process seems to have been that a large volume - [Galand de Guerre Model 1872: Too Good for the Military](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/galand-de-guerre-model-1872-too-good-for-the-military/) - https://youtu.be/jIRteGFAO-o Charles François Galand is best known for his simultaneous-extraction Model 1868, but he also developed a very good solid-frame revolver. This was specifically for the French 1871 military trials, which specifically required a solid frame. The Galand was chambered for 12mm Galand (with its distinctive very thick rim), held 6 rounds, operated in either - [CZ247: Experimental Swivel-Action SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cz247-experimental-swivel-action-smg/) - https://youtu.be/Nt3g8C7Dxkw The CZ247 was developed for Czechoslovakia's post-war submachine gun trials, where it was pitted against the ZB47. It was a simple blowback 9x19mm SMG with a number of interesting elements, most notably the ability to fire with the magazine either vertical or horizontal. In theory, this made the gun more compact for use in - [Book Review: Archaeological Perspectives on the Battle of the Little Bighorn](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-archaeological-perspectives-on-the-battle-of-the-little-bighorn/) - After a grassfire cleared the Little Bighorn battlefield archaeologists ran a massive survey of the site, answer many questions about the guns used in the fight - [Selling Some Duplicate Books](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/selling-some-duplicate-books/) - I am cleaning up the bookshelves, and have a number of duplicates that I don't need. First come first served; flat $10 shipping to any order to cover shipping. Zelle, PayPal, Venmo, or check in the mail accepted. If you are interested in something, please email me at admin@forgottenweapons.com . Thanks! $40 each: $15 - [Hotchkiss Model 1886 3-pounder Quick Firing Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hotchkiss-model-1886-3-pounder-quick-firing-gun/) - https://youtu.be/e0cUBFjS-PM Small fast boats with torpedos (or other explosives) have always been a threat to large warships. One of the weapons the British Royal Navy adopted to counter that threat was the Hotchkiss Model 1886 "Quick Fire" gun. This meant that it was a breech-loaded gun that used self-contained cartridge ammunition, instead of separate powder - [Swedish Kulspruta m/36 Double Browning MGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/swedish-kulspruta-m-36-double-browning-mgs/) - https://youtu.be/eQz4TZMc1pY Despite being a neutral power during World War Two, Sweden had a variety of very interesting small arms - like their dual-mount Browning m/36 machine guns. These were originally adopted because the Swedes wanted a heavier medium MG cartridge and didn't think their delayed-blowback Schwarzlose guns could handle it. The cartridge was 8x63mm, pushing - [Prodynamic II: A New High-End Competition Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prodynamic-ii-a-new-high-end-competition-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/IToknIT6fdQ Proarmis is a Slovenian pistol manufacturer that has introduced a new high-end competition pistol (priced at approximately €4000). The first example has arrived in the US, and I had the chance to borrow it for some filming. The gun handles very well, and has a really remarkably adjustable trigger - the user can adjust - [ASAC Foundation Arms Research Grants & Scholarships](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/asac-foundation-arms-research-grants-scholarships/) - https://youtu.be/PDzlocZXPGM ASAC Foundation Grant and Scholarship Applications: https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/grants-and-scholarships/ About the ASAC Foundation: https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/asac-foundation/ ASAC Reference Articles: https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/2020-2029-articles/ ASAC Research Reports: https://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/research-reports-by-asac-members/ - [Car Park Gunfight & Hostage Escape: Lynx Brutality 2025 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/car-park-gunfight-hostage-escape-lynx-brutality-2025-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/X-xtDVTNbqY Polenar Tactical has done it again, setting the bar for Brutality matches with this year's Lynx Brutality. Held at the Lynx Pro Training Center outside Kočevje Slovenia, this year's match was 10 stages over two days. My plan was to shoot the match in a covert sort of rig with a suit from Grayman - [Trip Mines and Sisyphus' Kettlebell: Lynx Brutality 2025 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/trip-mines-and-sisyphus-kettlebell-lynx-brutality-2025-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/0WWR0hW1cEE Polenar Tactical has done it again, setting the bar for Brutality matches with this year's Lynx Brutality. Held at the Lynx Pro Training Center outside Kočevje Slovenia, this year's match was 10 stages over two days. My plan was to shoot the match in a covert sort of rig with a suit from Grayman - [YouTube & Guns Q&A Roundtable (Feat. Bloke, Ziga, and PSR)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/youtube-guns-qa-roundtable-feat-bloke-ziga-and-psr/) - https://youtu.be/ZLPZb7XROUM This month I am excited to invite three other firearms YouTube channels to join me in the Q&A - Polenar Tactical, Bloke on the Range, and PrintShootRepeat. We all just finished shooting Lynx Brutality (put on by Polenar Tactical) and took the opportunity to address a bunch of questions about firearms and YouTube. If - [Modern Stocked Pistol: B&T's Universal Service Weapon (USW)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/modern-stocked-pistol-bts-universal-service-weapon-usw/) - https://youtu.be/pgLmZyrHAvY The genesis of the B&T USW was a two and a half hour car ride home from a youth hockey game, when Karl Brugger and a friend were thinking about how to improve police effectiveness with handguns. What would make a handgun more accurate in practice? Clearly a red for and a shoulder stock. - [AR-1 "Parasniper" - The First Armalite](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ar-1-parasniper-the-first-armalite/) - https://youtu.be/neyvB5I-5p8 The first rifle produced by Armalite began in 1952 as a project between the brothers-in-law, Charles Dorchester and George Sullivan (no relation to later Armalite engineer L. James Sullivan). Sullivan is the chief patent attorney for the Lockheed aircraft company, and the two have the idea to produce an ultra-light rifle using aircraft industry - [AK4: Sweden's Beefed-Up Take on the G3](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ak4-swedens-beefed-up-take-on-the-g3/) - https://youtu.be/n8C5CzYQgqQ Order your copy of Small Arms of the Cold War: Battle Rifles of NATO today: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/cold-war-battle Or if you are in Europe, please order through our European site: https://www.headstampbook.com/cold-war-battle When Sweden decided to replace its bolt action Mausers and Ljungman semiautomatic in the 1960s, it had four main choices to pick from. One was - [Book Launch! Small Arms of the Cold War: Battle Rifles of NATO](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-launch-small-arms-of-the-cold-war-battle-rifles-of-nato/) - https://youtu.be/bggAVxAcG0I Order your copy today, right here! https://www.headstamppublishing.com/cold-war-battle Or if you are in Europe, please order through our European site: https://www.headstampbook.com/cold-war-battle I'm excited to announce preorders for my latest book, "Small Arms of the Cold War: Battle Rifles of NATO" today! Following the format of our tremendously popular WWII books, this is a large-format volume - [Glock 26: Glock's First Sub-Compact Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/glock-26-glocks-first-sub-compact-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/0qzY_2i7ejI The Glock 26 was introduced in 1995 alongside the Glock 27. These were sub-compact pistols with 3.43 inch barrels chambered for 9x19mm (the 26) and .40 S&W (the 27). These were Glock's first foray into. the subcompact market, and they offered a compelling package. These were small, lighter than the all-metal options available at - [Q&A: All About Submachine Guns (May 2025)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-all-about-submachine-guns-may-2025/) - https://youtu.be/pbDOauCKvWA Today's Q&A is brought to you by the fine folks at Patreon! Join us to help support Forgotten Weapons, get videos without ads, and to submit your questions for future Q&A videos: http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons This month's Q&A theme is submachine guns: 0:00:41 - Do different nationalities have culturally distinctive submachine guns or gun features? 0:04:25 - [Fox .32: Police Prototype of CZ's First Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fox-32-police-prototype-of-czs-first-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/u4YURbqwrvg Alois Tomiška, best know for the Little Tom pistol, was one of the original founders of the South Bohemia Armory, which became CZ of Strakonice. The first pistol produced by the company was his "Fox" design a .25 ACP pocket gun. As originally designed, it used a folding trigger without a trigger guard, and - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 12: The Model 1885 Remington-Lee](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-12-the-model-1885-remington-lee/) - https://youtu.be/1JVAUlLIFFo Full video with reloading segment and clip solid file available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/ep-12-rem-lee-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so much - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 11: The Snider-Enfield](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-11-the-snider-enfield/) - https://youtu.be/b-ZktWu2WDQ Full video with reloading segment and clip solid file available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/ep-11-snider-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so much - [Beretta Model 1934: Italy's Unassuming Workhorse Service Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-model-1934-italys-unassuming-workhorse-service-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/WvqKVL7cLX8 The Beretta Model 34 was basically the final iteration of a design by Tullio Marengoni that began all the way back in 1915. That pistol was updated in the early 1920s, and that one was updated in 1931. The Model 1931 was converted to .380 ACP (aka 9mm Short) as the Model 1932, which - [Serbu Super Shorty: Is It Awesome or Just Dumb?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/serbu-super-shorty-is-it-awesome-or-just-dumb/) - https://youtu.be/SCVkOiQs4ds The Super Shorty is a pump action shotgun reduced to a 2-round tube capacity and a 6.5" barrel made by Serbu Firearms. The first one was made in 1998 and since then Mark Serbu has made more than 6,000 of them. There have been a bunch of minor variations, including batches made on both - [Type 79 SMG: China's MP7 At Home](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-79-smg-chinas-mp7-at-home/) - https://youtu.be/dWIbsLxqBPc The Type 79 is an overly-complex submachine gun that uses a scaled-down AK operating system chambered for 7.62x25mm Tokarev. In many ways, this is akin to the H&K MP7 - it's a miniaturized combat rifle. The locked breech system allows the reciprocating parts to be arather lighter than a simple blowback design would be, - [Valmet M78 vs FN-D (w/ John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/valmet-m78-vs-fn-d-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/Jgq7j0XJP2U If you had to pick one, would you take a Valmet M78 (in 7.62mm NATO) or an FN-D (in .30-06)? Both are reliable and well-made machine guns and they use essentially the same caliber. The FN-D weighs twice as much, but has a heavier barrel and barrel quick-change capacity. The Valmet is lighter, but - [Save the Date! Moons Out 2026: March 6-8](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/save-the-date-moons-out-2026-march-6-8/) - https://youtu.be/rRffwkoRDUY Mark your calendars; Moons Out 2026 will be March 6-8 at the Echo Valley Training Center, in WV. Practiscore registration will open December 1: https://practiscore.com/moons-out-26/register - ["Howth" Mauser 1871: Irish Volunteers Gunrunning into Dublin](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/howth-mauser-1871-irish-volunteers-gunrunning-into-dublin/) - https://youtu.be/esK6r5SxUk8 On July 14th, 1914 the 50 foot pleasure yacht “Asgard” sailed into Howth harbor in Dublin with its cabin completely filled with arms. It has 900 Mauser 1871 rifles and 29,000 rounds of ammunition for the Irish Volunteers, and there is a crowd of a thousand people turned out to unload them - just - [Unique British Crankfire .58 Morse Manual Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/unique-british-crankfire-58-morse-manual-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/r_9guiUNpO0 This is a really interesting piece with a mostly unknown origin. It was manufactured in the UK (the barrel was deemed Enfield-made by former Royal Armouries curator Herb Woodend) and is chambered for the .58 Morse centerfire cartridge. The date of production is unknown. It uses a gravity-feed magazine and fires via hand crank. - [German Occupation FN High Power Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-occupation-fn-high-power-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/NyOOt7XxneI When Germany occupied Belgium in the summer of 1940, the took over the FN factory complex and ordered production of the High Power pistol to continue. It was put into German service as the Pistole 640(b), and nearly 325,000 of them were made between 1940 and 1944. The first ones were simply assembled from - [P38K: The Real One, not the Nazi Fantasy Piece](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/p38k-the-real-one-not-the-nazi-fantasy-piece/) - https://youtu.be/gwQ9vijeEzw The P38K is both a fantasy WWII concept and also a real pistol made in small numbers by Walther in the 1970s. The idea is simple; just cut down the barrel on a P38 to barely in front of the slide (2.8 inches on the real ones). This does make for a shorter gun, - [Japanese 3-Barrel Palanquin Swivel-Breech Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-3-barrel-palanquin-swivel-breech-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/GZV8Auw78Go This is a very rare style of Japanese matchlock, with three separate barrels on a revolving axis. It has all the design and decorative elements of a tanegashima musket, but built more as a self-defense piece for home or perhaps when traveling by palanquin. Think of it like the Edo-period Japanese equivalent of a - [Dutch Navy Luger: From World War One to the End of Neutrality](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dutch-navy-luger-from-world-war-one-to-the-end-of-neutrality/) - https://youtu.be/Iv6R29XW7Gs The Dutch Navy first acquired Luger pistols in 1918 specifically for its aviators. They has 12 German P04 Lugers taken from a German submarine stranded in the (neutral) Netherlands, and 28 more were purchased from DWM in 1918 to round out the 40 guns needed to equip the Naval Air Service. The pistol was - [Military-Issue Colt Model 1839 Paterson Revolving Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/military-issue-colt-model-1839-paterson-revolving-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/6zJQ2QIBn40 The first rifle made in Sam Colt’s Paterson NJ factory was the 1837 “ring lever” rifle. These were rather fragile and underpowered and while they were used successfully in the First Seminole War, they needed improvement. Colt set about doing this with his 1839 pattern, which was more robust and more powerful. It had - [M1922 BAR Cavalry Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1922-bar-cavalry-light-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/DMZPBQXpsOA After World War One, there was a lot of tinkering with the BAR by the US military. It was recognized as being a very good platform, but the original M1918 configuration left a lot to be desired. It was deemed to heavy to use effectively form the shoulder, but also not really well suited - [Fenian Needham Conversion: Just the Thing for Invading Canada](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fenian-needham-conversion-just-the-thing-for-invading-canada/) - https://youtu.be/uvZfHkiYHII The Fenian Brotherhood was formed in the US in 1858, a partner organization to the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The groups were militant organizations looking to procure Irish independence from the British, and they found significant support among the Irish-American immigrant community. In November 1865 they purchased some 7500 1861 and 1863 pattern muskets left - [Model 1875 Officer's Pattern: The Finest Trapdoor Springfield](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/model-1875-officers-pattern-the-finest-trapdoor-springfield/) - https://youtu.be/QUSLfx8G2So As the main national armory, Springfield got a number of requests to make specialty rifles for commissioned officers and important dignitaries each year. These were essentially all custom sporting rifles, and the orders were duly filled. In 1875, however, the decision was made to standardize a formal pattern of Officer's rifle - the Model - [Herman Brevete: A Pepperbox Hidden in Your Bicycle Handlebars](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/herman-brevete-a-pepperbox-hidden-in-your-bicycle-handlebars/) - https://youtu.be/YgsnnQqCf4Q In the 1890s, there was a lot of interest in small caliber, simple revolvers for self-defense by cyclists, primarily against dogs. This led to the creation of a whole category of “velodog” revolvers, and a Belgian designer named Herman patented this extension of the idea. It is a 6-shot, 5mm pinfire revolver that is - [Voere SAM-180 - Semiautomatic American 180 SMG Made in Austria?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/voere-sam-180-semiautomatic-american-180-smg-made-in-austria/) - https://youtu.be/QP9Bzc-QikU The American 180 is a .22LR machine gun that fires at a high rate (1300 rpm more or less) from a super-high-capacity magazine (177 rounds). Conceptually it was designed by Richard Casull in the 1960s, but he only produced about 70 of his original M290 design. He sold the rights to the design, and - [ASAC Presentation: Bullet Strikes From the First Day of the American Revolution](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/asac-presentation-bullet-strikes-from-the-first-day-of-the-american-revolution/) - https://youtu.be/GSYqUPnozuE This lecture was presented at the Spring 2025 meeting of the American Society of Arms Collectors. It was given by Joel Bohy, coauthor of a new book of the same name, published by Mowbray. You can find his book here: https://gunandswordcollector.com/product/bullet-strikes-american-revolution/ or https://amzn.to/43PoaF6 Joel Bohy and Douglas Scott have written three research reports as - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 10: Model 1871/88 Beaumont-Vitali](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-10-model-1871-88-beaumont-vitali/) - https://youtu.be/YryN7SR1OTQ Full video with reloading segment and clip solid file available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/ep-10-beaumont-vitali-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so much - [Haenel's Prototype Simplified Sturmgewehr StG45(H)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/haenels-prototype-simplified-sturmgewehr-stg45h/) - https://youtu.be/4YkH24SF_-Q In December 1944, the Haenel company received permission to produce a simplified version of the StG-44 Sturmgewehr. The idea was to keep the mechanical system and controls as similar as possible to the design in use, but simplify the design to reduce the cost and time of production. The design was never completed, and - [DSA's Unique Titanium FAL Project](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dsas-unique-titanium-fal-project/) - https://youtu.be/u0fK9Hi5SA4 DS Arms got some billet titanium and decided to make a batch of titanium receivers and other parts. This turned out to be a nightmarish amount of work, and two of the receivers had to be scrapped, leaving only 10 completed. They also made a number of other titanium parts, including flash hiders (which - [Springfield Kuna: Croatia's New Delayed-Blowback PCC/SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/springfield-kuna-croatias-new-delayed-blowback-pcc-smg/) - https://youtu.be/W3l0BmYLnsw The Kuna is a delayed-blowback 9mm pistol/PCC/submachine gun developed by HS Produkt in Croatia and marketed int he US by Springfield Armory. Development on it began in 2020 as a commercial project, but probably also with an eye to military and law enforcement sales. The Croatian police are currently using quite old MP5 submachine - [FK Brno 7.5mm at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fk-brno-7-5mm-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/6OoacuIVEbI The FK Brno is a take on the classic CZ75 pistol made in the Czech Republic. It was originally released as a boutique steel-framed gun, and then later as a much more affordable polymer-framed model. I have one of those polymer framed ones, with barrels for both 10mm Auto and the unique 7.5mm FK - [Stamm-Saurer Model 1913 Long-Recoil Prototype Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stamm-saurer-model-1913-long-recoil-prototype-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/TiNctGUk1KI Hans Stamm developed a series of firearms in Switzerland in the early 1900s, and today we are looking at a second-pattern Model 1913 semiauto rifle. This was developed while Stamm was working for the Saurer company, where he headed its small arms division. Stamm's Model 1907 straight pull rifle failed to win military adopted, - ["Kevin" - A Czech Pocket Pistol With a Weird Delay Trick](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kevin-a-czech-pocket-pistol-with-a-weird-delay-trick/) - https://youtu.be/Sy3R1dVr-nM The "Kevin" (sometimes called a ZP-98) was developed by Czech gunsmith Antonín Zendl and introduced at the IWA show in 2007. It was a micro-compact pocket pistol chambered for either .380 ACP or 9mm Makarov (the Kevin M). It held six rounds in its magazine, and the most notable feature is a pair of - [H&K MG4: Germany's New 5.56mm Squad Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hk-mg4-germanys-new-5-56mm-squad-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/ITQk35ZyCQQ Full video including range footage is available on the History of Weapons & War streaming app: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/mg4-4k Heckler & Koch released the MG4, a new 5.56mm squad machine gun in 2001. It was adopted by the German army in 2005, and then by the Spanish and Portuguese armies in 2007. Alongside its sister weapon - [Short Swiss Schmidt Rubins: M1900 Short Rifle & M1905 Cavalry Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/short-swiss-schmidt-rubins-m1900-short-rifle-m1905-cavalry-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/mzDZAj2DBVI When the Swiss military went to make a short version of its M1896 rifle for cavalry, it realized that the early Schmidt-Rubin action had a problem: it was really, really long. With locking lugs all the way to the rear of the receiver, the system was just not an efficient use of space for - [GHM-9: B&T's 9mm Budget Carbine (Well, Swiss Budget)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ghm-9-bts-9mm-budget-carbine-well-swiss-budget/) - https://youtu.be/t1y7nSDmaC8 The GHM-9 is a 9mm PCC from B&T that was developed as an economized alternative to the APC-9. It uses the same grip assembly as the APC-9, but a smaller and simpler upper receiver and a few of the other parts are simplified - like non-captive recoil springs. It has a variety of modular - [Gerat Potsdam: Mauser Copies the Sten Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gerat-potsdam-mauser-copies-the-sten-gun/) - https://youtu.be/2Ns9Y55NR_g In the fall of 1944, the Mauser company was given a contract to develop drawings of a direct copy of the British Sten gun (code named Gerät Potsdam), and to manufacture 10,000 of them. In fact, they were to make two different sets of drawings; one suitable for large factory use (like their own) - [Q&A: Competition Firearms and Shooting](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-competition-firearms-and-shooting/) - https://youtu.be/coVFITkJrnA Today's Q&A is brought to you by the fine folks at Patreon! Join us to help support Forgotten Weapons and to submit your questions for future Q&A videos: http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons This month's Q&A theme is competition shooting... 00:50 - Guns I'd like to shoot in BUG match but haven't 02:39 - Most valuable/expensive historical load - [North Korea's Huge Type 88 Helical Drum AK Magazine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/north-koreas-huge-type-88-helical-drum-ak-magazine/) - https://youtu.be/WRwBcK5D-oY Everyone who gets a Kim Jong Un patch or t-shirt will also receive -100 social credit points in China: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-best-korea-propaganda-t-shirt/81932 https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-best-korea-propaganda-morale-patch/81954 North Korea has a domestic-production 5.45mm AK, designated the Type 88. Several versions exist (fixed, side-folding, and underfolding stocks) but the most unusual is the one with a unique top-folding stock made to - [Battlefield Pickup at Moons Out 2025: AR with a PEQ-15A](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/battlefield-pickup-at-moons-out-2025-ar-with-a-peq-15a/) - https://youtu.be/9kW185EtyiE 00:00 - Intro; overall match sponsor Q 03:27 - Stage 1: Rambo's Reading Rainbow, sponsored by TNVC 06:31 - Stage 2: Seal Team Extraction, sponsored by Nocturn Industries 08:10 - Stage 3: Mogadishu Marathon, sponsored by Polaris Logistics 10:22 - Stage 4: Home Invasion, sponsored by Refuge Medical and Magpul 13:02 - Stage 5: - [How Awesome is This? Moons Out 2025 Night 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-awesome-is-this-moons-out-2025-night-2/) - https://youtu.be/KTSBU2F15dg Full uncensored video available at HOWW or Patreon: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/moons-out-2025-lage-day-2-uncensored-4k https://www.patreon.com/posts/124738959/ 00:00 - Intro; overall match sponsor Q 00:51 - Stage 6: Bound Forward, sponsored by Aimpoint 03:14 - Stage 7: Double-Wide of Death, sponsored by B&T 04:15 - Stage 8: Bakhmut Night Assault, sponsored by Varusteleka 08:41 - Stage 9: Radio Freq Out, sponsored - [The Best Night Rifle Match Yet: Moons Out 2025, Night 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-best-night-rifle-match-yet-moons-out-2025-night-1/) - https://youtu.be/BSkafowAefI Full uncensored video available at HOWW or Patreon: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/moons-out-lage-uncensored-day-1-4k https://www.patreon.com/posts/124738375/ 00:00 - Intro; overall match sponsor Q 02:30 - Stage 1: Rambo's Reading Rainbow, sponsored by TNVC 05:57 - Stage 2: Seal Team Extraction, sponsored by Nocturn Industries 08:07 - Stage 3: Mogadishu Marathon, sponsored by Polaris Logistics 10:40 - Stage 4: Home Invasion, - [Savage 1915 at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/savage-1915-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/YJH5XNHZKFI Savage launched its model 1907 pistol with a lot of marketing fanfare. It was "10 Shots Quick!" and promoted with testimonials form personalities like Buffalo Bill Cody and Sheriff Bat Masterson. It was intended as a pocket pistol for personal protection and home defense, with a lot made of how it was simple and - [Virtual Tour: Estonian War Museum](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/virtual-tour-estonian-war-museum/) - https://youtu.be/CWyaXL6Ygqo The Estonian War Museum (Eesti Sõjamuuseum) is located at Mõisa tee 1, 74001 Viimsi, Estonia (just outside the capital Tallinn). For opening hours and entry fees, please check their web site: https://esm.ee The museum is housed in what used to be the residence of the Estonian Army commander, converted into a museum after Estonian - [Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian AK-Pattern Firearms - NOW SHIPPING](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles-on-the-danube-hungarian-ak-pattern-firearms-now-shipping/) - https://youtu.be/Bf8iZ4_YDlI Now Shipping! Order your copy here: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/danube-book At the end of the Second World War, Hungary was occupied by Soviet troops and soon fell into the Soviet sphere of influence, joining the Warsaw Pact in 1955. Like most other socialist countries behind the Iron Curtain, Hungary would soon be producing domestic copies of Mikhail - [Ice Baths and Skis: Finnish Brutality 2025 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ice-baths-and-skis-finnish-brutality-2025-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/1dmPaz9Pi5Y Varusteleka's Snow Camo Anorak that I was using today is available here: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/sarma-tst-l7-camouflage-anorak/58285 Finnish Brutality 2025 took the standard for practical shooting matches and raised it again - by making it a true winter match. Run by Varusteleka, a Finnish military and outdoor good supplier, it was ten stages of shooting over two days - [Molotovs at the Range: Finnish Brutality 2025 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/molotovs-at-the-range-finnish-brutality-2025-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/ZYfbeHa4MPM Varusteleka's Patrol Coverall that I was using today is available here: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/sarma-tst-l5-thermal-patrol-coverall/76574 Finnish Brutality 2025 took the standard for practical shooting matches and raised it again - by making it a true winter match. Run by Varusteleka, a Finnish military and outdoor good supplier, it was ten stages of shooting over two days and - [Finland's Next Service Rifle (Mostly): Sako ARG S 40](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finlands-next-service-rifle-mostly-sako-arg-s-40/) - https://youtu.be/RyBRziDOmf0 Finland and Sweden are both in the process of adopting AR-pattern rifles, and for the Finns this will be their first service rifle in 5.56mm NATO. It is a transition that has been anticipated for nearly 20 years, but was finally put into high gear by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Finland's entrance - [Bloke on the Range Community Strike & SA80 at Finnish Brutality](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bloke-on-the-range-community-strike-sa80-at-finnish-brutality/) - https://youtu.be/W6T2ae2-fwI Join Mike, me, and 8 other channels on the History of Weapons & War service: http://weaponsandwar.tv We created History of Weapons & War for two reasons. One was to ensure a home for historical, educational firearms content if and when YouTube stops allowing it. The other was to provide some income for the small - [Q&A: Finland and Finnish Small Arms (From Berdan to New Sako AR)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-finland-and-finnish-small-arms-from-berdan-to-new-sako-ar/) - https://youtu.be/zlQESwADU-U Today's Q&A is brought to you by the fine folks at Patreon! Join us to help support Forgotten Weapons and to submit your questions for future Q&A videos: http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons I figured that Finland would be a good subject for this month's Q&A, as I am visiting the country to shoot Finnish Brutality this month. - [Aimpoint's Only Gun: The PC-80 Symmetrical Action](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/aimpoints-only-gun-the-pc-80-symmetrical-action/) - https://youtu.be/bSbvNI3ftXw Today we are looking at the entire scope of Aimpoint's firearms development division...which is actually just this one firearm. Aimpoint was founded in 1975 as a partnership between Arne Ekstrand (a Swedish inventor with an idea for a brand new "red dot" type of optic) and Gunnar Sandberg (a wealthy Swedish entrepreneur interested in - [Department of Energy 633 Clone at a PCSL 2-Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/department-of-energy-633-clone-at-a-pcsl-2-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/qMfJzX-TXX0 The new Colt 633 Department of Energy clone from PSA/H&R was really quite a lot of fun to shoot, so I decided to take it to a PCSL match. This was basically a USPSA pistol match with two sets of targets, one for pistol and one for rifle (in theory PCSL goes out to - [Military History Visualized Joins History of Weapons & War](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/military-history-visualized-joins-history-of-weapons-war/) - https://youtu.be/mWrbQyPlM3Y Subscribe today: http://weaponsandwar.tv Join us on the History of Weapons & War and enjoy knowing that you are supporting ten of the finest historical and educational channels outside the restrictions of YouTube! We are excited to have Bernhard of Military History Visualized joining us! His videos are now part of the 5,000+ video catalog - [What Would Ross Do? The .280 Military Match M10 Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/what-would-ross-do-the-280-military-match-m10-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/89wAHMSik9o There were many different versions of the Ross straight-pull bolt action rifle made and adopted by the Canadian military. However, the version that Sir Charles Ross thought would be best was only ever made as a small run of prototypes. this rifle was called the Military Match M10, in .280 Ross caliber. The .280 - [But Does it Take 1911 Mags? Prototype Winchester 1905SL in .45 ACP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/but-does-it-take-1911-mags-prototype-winchester-1905sl-in-45-acp/) - https://youtu.be/UX_SOT71exU One of the really cool aspects of the Cody Firearms Museum is that their collection is built largely on the original Winchester factory collection. Thus they have a significant number of prototype Winchester designs that were built and tested, but never put into production. One of them is this Winchester Model 1905 Self Loader - [French Air Force Snipers: the FR-G1 and FR-G2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/french-air-force-snipers-the-fr-g1-and-fr-g2/) - https://youtu.be/KK6qy7UknqI When St Etienne developed the FR-F1 sniper rifle, all the branches of the French military were given the opportunity to purchase them - and the Army, Navy, and Gendarmerie did. The Air Force, decided that it didn't need any, though. Until about 20 years later, when they decided that they did, in fact, want - [Stoner 63, 63A, & Mk23: History and Mechanics](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stoner-63-63a-mk23-history-and-mechanics/) - https://youtu.be/vCNw9Z2Q3T0 The Stoner 63 is a firearm surrounded by a tremendous amount of mythology. It was Eugene Stoner's big project following on the AR-15, and it was a brilliant piece of engineering - a single modular receiver which could be assembled into a half dozen different configurations: Carbine Rifle Automatic rifle ("Bren") Light machine gun - [Interested in Gun Law Issues? Check out FuddBusters](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/interested-in-gun-law-issues-check-out-fuddbusters/) - https://youtu.be/PbvlRR58o-4 I don't cover politics here, but I know many of you folks are interested or invested in gun law current events. I recently found the FuddBusters channel, and it was a real breath of fresh air in this realm - and I figured many of you would also appreciate it. Matt Larosiere is a - [South African SS77 at the Range... But not on YouTube.](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/south-african-ss77-at-the-range-but-not-on-youtube/) - https://youtu.be/ItoqOx-ZTgw https://weaponsandwar.tv Join me at History of Weapons and War along with seven other of the best channels for historical and educational firearms content! We are available for desktop viewing as well as on all the major app platforms, ad-free, and independently hosted beyond the reach of YouTube's busybody fingers. Today's video isn't available here - [Soviet World War Two Swords? The Cossack M1927 Shashka](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/soviet-world-war-two-swords-the-cossack-m1927-shashka/) - https://youtu.be/iHgIVxedEEE Cossack forces have long been a key cavalry element of the Russian military, and this did not change during the Soviet era. The Cossacks had their own rather distinctive style of sword, the shashka, and the Red Army maintained the tradition of issuing them to Cossack cavalry troopers. In 1927, a new pattern was - [First Gen Walther P99 at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/first-gen-walther-p99-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/Y1AgCeCwk1c Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Last week Tom and I did a BUG match with 4 different iconic James Bond pistols - but the Walther P99 was conspicuously absent. Personally delivered to Pierce Brosnan on the - [Red Dots: How Cheap is too Cheap? (featuring Mike Branson)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/red-dots-how-cheap-is-too-cheap-featuring-mike-branson/) - https://youtu.be/0JKs85FG160 I met up with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics at SHOT Show 2025. Today, we are talking about red dot price and quality. It's easy to get a good red dot if you are willing to spend enough, but how cheap can you go and still have a reliable product? - [Primary Arms' HTX-1: A Completely US-Made Red Dot Sight](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/primary-arms-htx-1-a-completely-us-made-red-dot-sight/) - https://youtu.be/wvDLrUd2foo Primary Arms just recently announced their HTX-1 red dot, and it sounds pretty cool. From a technical perspective, it has a lot of good points - a clever adapter plate mounting system, two different reticles, and a fully enclosed emitter. However I think the more interesting (and less appreciated) story here is the work - [The Rarest 1911: North American Arms Co](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-rarest-1911-north-american-arms-co/) - https://youtu.be/dCLrVrYcZBM In the summer of 1918, the US government wanted to increase production of M1911 pistols, but all current manufacturers were working at capacity. So they looked to issue new contracts, and someone realized that the Ross rifle factory was a potential option. Now, the Ross Rifle Company was bankrupt by this time, and its - [Ljungman Updates: the AG-42 vs AG-42B](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ljungman-updates-the-ag-42-vs-ag-42b/) - https://youtu.be/pMrKNbXbtBo In 1953, the Swedish military launched a program to refurbish and refit all of the Ag m/42 rifles in inventory. Aside from replacing broken parts and worn barrels, the program also made a number of improvements to the rifles: * Auxiliary front magazine catch added * Large gripping lugs added to bolt cover * - [2-Gun: AKM & Arex Delta (Lynx Brutality 2024 Prep)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/2-gun-akm-arex-delta-lynx-brutality-2024-prep/) - https://youtu.be/muSrfZubs_g I'm using this month's 2-Gun Action Challenge Match as preparation for Lynx Brutality this spring. Žiga, Bloke, Jari, and I decided to all use AK's at Lynx, and I've got this Romanian kit build that I riveted together myself many years ago. I have a sidereal on it with a Russian PK-A red dot, - [India's FAL: The 1A1 Inch/Metric Hybrid](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/indias-fal-the-1a1-inch-metric-hybrid/) - https://youtu.be/ce-PDp_6DUA For political reasons, India decided to adopt the 7.62mm NATO cartridge when it needed to replace its No1 MkIII SMLE bolt action rifles with a modern self-loader. They chose the FN FAL as the rifle to adopt, but wanted a license to produce it domestically at the Ishapore rifle factory. FN insisted on the - [Praga I-23: Prototype Belt-Fed Predecessor of the ZB26](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/praga-i-23-prototype-belt-fed-predecessor-of-the-zb26/) - https://youtu.be/iQ3Iv9wgi2c Vaclav Holek's first machine gun design for the Czech military was the Praga I, built in 1922 and based heavily on the Vickers/Maxim system. However, it became clear that the military wanted something lighter and more portable, and so the next year he heavily updated the design to this, the Praga I-23 (for 1923). - [Enough Nonsense; What is an "Assault Rifle"?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enough-nonsense-what-is-an-assault-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/RYWkuV5FbJM Want to see a proper assault rifle in action (a SIG 540)? Check it out right now: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/sig-540-range The technical definition of an "assault rifle" is pretty simple and straightforward. It's a shoulder-fired rifle with three elements: * Capable of fully automatic fire * Uses detachable magazines * Chambered for an intermediate cartridge That's - [Deckard's Pfläger-Katsumata Series D 5223](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/deckards-pflager-katsumata-series-d-5223/) - https://youtu.be/rlrmFRTXG5g In the film Blade Runner, Deckard carries a pistol called a Pfläger-Katsumata Series D 5223 - a name created by the fan community to have the initials "PKD" after Phillip K. Dick, who wrote Blade runner's source material (Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep). What we are looking at today is an extremely realistic - [Colt Viper: A Rare Snake and a Great Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-viper-a-rare-snake-and-a-great-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/uecvkx2zSyQ Colt has released seven different revolvers named after snakes, and they have become a popular niche collection for many people. The Python is by far the best known, but several others are very rare. One of these is the Colt Viper, of which only a few thousand were made and only in 1977. The - [Samostril Netsch: Bizarre Prototype Czech Automatic Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/samostril-netsch-bizarre-prototype-czech-automatic-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/QYrg92ENvQY When Czechoslovakia began looking for new small arms in the early 1920s, one of the things they were interested in was a "samostřil" - something akin to the automatic rifle in English. A select-fire weapon intended to be fired from the shoulder or hip - heavier than a basic rifle but lighter than a - [Estonian M14 TP Sniper "Täitsa Paska"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonian-m14-tp-sniper-taitsa-paska/) - https://youtu.be/u7nXaJA6ero Enter to win this awesome Black Hawk Down M14 Clone! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons Deadline to enter is 9/27/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST When Estonia took its independence in 1991, it had to form a new military essentially from scratch. Keeping the structure that existed before Soviet occupation in 1940, two separate forces were reinstituted. One was - [Madsen M50: From the Korean War to Star Trek](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/madsen-m50-from-the-korean-war-to-star-trek/) - https://youtu.be/95YPVQR_7yw During World War Two, Madsen (DISA) manufactured a licensed copy of the Finnish Suomi (see: https://youtu.be/hjs1uiAIpNQ). When the war ended, they wanted to replace this with a more modern, inexpensive design of their own. The result was the Model 1946 Madsen, a creative clamshell design of stamped parts. It is a very simple blowback, - [Prototype French MAS-49 SMG in .45ACP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-french-mas-49-smg-in-45acp/) - https://youtu.be/73jl-P66whM In the late 1940s the French developed a new suite of small arms, including a competition to replace the 7.65mm MAS-38 submachine gun with a new 9x19mm SMG. The eventual winner of this program was the MAT-49, which became an iconic part of French Army weaponry in Algeria and elsewhere. The St Etienne arsenal - [So Many Ways to Fail at Making a Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/so-many-ways-to-fail-at-making-a-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/9DWxn9I9cBg Get Entered to win this very rare Mamba! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 12/20/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST Making a successful and popular new handgun requires doing a whole lot of things right...today we are going to consider what happens when they don't go so well. - [Cape Esperance and the Japanese Evacuation of Guadalcanal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cape-esperance-and-the-japanese-evacuation-of-guadalcanal/) - https://youtu.be/zV0zY-LC85g Today we return to Guadalcanal, to the site of the last actuals of the campaign. For the Japanese, the defeat at Edson's Ridge (aka Bloody Ridge) forced a disastrous and uncoordinated retreat into the jungle. With their supply lines destroyed, Japanese troops largely moved west on the island, away from American positions and in - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 3: The Martini-Henry MkIV](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-3-the-martini-henry-mkiv/) - https://youtu.be/4rxrgredLgM The full version with hand loading information is available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/martini-app-cut Sorry about the wind noise! We did our best to deal with it in post-production. Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy - [Glock 18 & 18C Machine Pistols: How Do They Work?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/glock-18-18c-machine-pistols-how-do-they-work/) - https://youtu.be/RTVq3CJoXOM After the success of the Glock 17 in Austrian military trials, the company chose two specific markets to target for expansion. One was competition shooters, for whom the Glock 17L was released. The other was the international law enforcement and military market, for whom they decided to make a machine pistol - the Glock - [Stamm-Zeller 1902: A Swiss Straight-Pull Converted to Semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stamm-zeller-1902-a-swiss-straight-pull-converted-to-semiauto/) - https://youtu.be/LFJJBu4a5Lo Today's rifle was designed by a Swiss inventor named Hans Stamm while working for the Zeller et Cie company in Appenzell Switzerland. The company originally made embroidering machinery, but turned to military rifle parts subcontracting to bring in additional revenue in the early 1890s. Stamm had shown a good aptitude and interest for this - [Optic and Reticle Choices (featuring Mike Branson)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/optic-and-reticle-choices-featuring-mike-branson/) - https://youtu.be/b8Q4rEtmnCg I'm speaking with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics at SHOT Show 2025, and today the topic is scope and reticle choice. What is good, what is bad, and what is best for you? - [Beretta Tries a Machine Pistol: the Model 951A](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-tries-a-machine-pistol-the-model-951a/) - https://youtu.be/BqXvLTG-pAY Beretta's first machine pistol was actually a full-auto variant of the Model 1923, complete with shoulder stock - but that did not sell well. They tried again in the 1950s with an automatic model of the new Beretta Model 51 (aka M951). This was a 9x19mm pistol using a P38 style locking wedge, and - [A Beautiful Factory Semiauto SIG MKPO](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-beautiful-factory-semiauto-sig-mkpo/) - https://youtu.be/PB91RI3oQOc During the 1930s, SIG Neuhausen made a series of really beautiful submachine guns. They were the MK series, offered in either 500mm / 19.7 inch barrels for military use or 300mm / 11.8 inch for police use. The first pattern was the MK-O, which had a rate-reducing system built into the action (which looks - [B&T GL-06 Launcher: Reloadable Less-Lethal for Police on a Budget](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bt-gl-06-launcher-reloadable-less-lethal-for-police-on-a-budget/) - https://youtu.be/Z6qf9872KLQ The B&T GL06 (Grenade Launcher 2006) was developed in response to a French tender for a riot-control less-lethal weapon in 2006. B&T had actually already been working on a less-lethal projectile system, which they call SIR (Safe Impact Round). It is a rubber projectile with a hard plastic base and driving band, fired from - [Latvia's Unique Charger-Loading Lee Enfield (CLLE) Cavalry Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/latvias-unique-charger-loading-lee-enfield-clle-cavalry-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/zniAaHuu2A8 During the Latvian War of Independence, the nationalist forces receiver a fair bit of support form the British, including some 20,000 P14 Enfield rifles. These were great for the Latvian infantry, but the Latvian cavalry wanted something shorter. So in the early 1920s, they ordered 2200-2350 (the numbers are unclear) carbines from BSA. These - [Virtual Tour: Swiss Shooting Museum Bern](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/virtual-tour-swiss-shooting-museum-bern/) - https://youtu.be/cN3qNLxP0Vw Today we are taking a virtual tour of the Swiss Shooting Museum (Schweizer Schützenmuseum Bern) in Bern, Switzerland. The museum has been in this building since just before World War Two, and focusses on the history of the Swiss competitive shooting culture and community. At the time of posting, the museum is closed for - [ZB37: Czechoslovakia's Super-Heavy Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zb37-czechoslovakias-super-heavy-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/tC3wE--Rm6c The ZB37 began in 1930 as a design by none other than classic Czech arms designer Vaclav Holek. The Czechoslovakian military was still using the Schwarzlose heavy MG, and wanted something to replace it. To fill all the roles intended, there would eventually be three different models of the ZB37 - one for infantry, - [Våpensmia NM-149S: Norway's Sniper Conversion of the Kar 98k](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vapensmia-nm-149s-norways-sniper-conversion-of-the-kar-98k/) - https://youtu.be/4RtLCuWXJ3M After World War Two, there were a lot of K98k rifles left in Norway. Like, a whole lot of them. So many that even in the 1980s they were still a popular basis for hunting and competition rifles. The Norwegian military contracted with the firm Våpensmia to make a batch of their VS 84S - [Estonian Snipers: Enfields in 7.62x54R and Arisakas in .303 British](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonian-snipers-enfields-in-7-62x54r-and-arisakas-in-303-british/) - https://youtu.be/UnsGOr8FT_I In the early 1930s, the Estonian military and Estonia Defense League had a rather eclectic mix of small arms. The Army had three divisions, and split different types of weapons between them to simplify logistics. Thus, there was one division equipped with rifles and machine guns in 7.62x54R, and another with .303 British. For - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 8: Mauser 71/84](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-8-mauser-71-84/) - https://youtu.be/eHi7rvj5d8A For the full episode with the hand loading instructional section, click here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/ep-8-71-84-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so - [Small Arms History of the Falkland Islands Defense Force](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/small-arms-history-of-the-falkland-islands-defense-force/) - https://youtu.be/KC7fLfI9DNU Various militias existed on the Falkland Islands since its earliest settlement, but the Falkland Islands Defense Force of today traces its roots to the 1892 Falkland Islands Volunteer Corps. This force was equipped with Martini Henry rifles. With the outbreak of World War One, the Falklands were a strategically important naval station, and the - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 9: 1869 Swiss Vetterli](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-9-1869-swiss-vetterli/) - https://youtu.be/7WfqFHy98C0 For the full episode with the hand loading instructional section, click here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/ep-9-swiss-vetterli-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so - [The Swiss Suomi: MP43/44 (With Bayonet)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-swiss-suomi-mp43-44-with-bayonet/) - https://youtu.be/vYYHCG3y-9s During World War Two, the Swiss had adopted Adolf Furrer's toggle-locked MP41 submachine gun, and they found it too fragile, complex, and expensive. Looking for an alternative, one easy choice was the Finnish Suomi. Used and appreciated by the Finns, Danes, and Swedes it was reliable and available. It was adopted into service in - [Type 56C: China's Last Military AK (And It's Totally Non-Standard)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-56c-chinas-last-military-ak-and-its-totally-non-standard/) - https://youtu.be/fVZXx1gSoOE The Type 56C is the final iteration of Chinese Kalashnikov, originally intended for export but primarily used by Chinese police and special forces. It is a short-barreled carbine with a folding stock, and remarkably few standard AK parts. The receiver takes a number of cues from the Type 81 rifle, and is shorter and - [One of a Kind Prototype vz.38 Pistol in .32ACP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/one-of-a-kind-prototype-vz-38-pistol-in-32acp/) - https://youtu.be/kFnMkHtmZgM When CZ developed the vz.38 pistol for the Czechoslovak military, they made a number of attempts to also sell it on the international export market. This involved offering some various changes in configuration for different clients - in this case, scaling it down from .380ACP to .32 ACP. It also has a manual safety, - [Experimental AG-42B Conversion to 7.62mm NATO](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/experimental-ag-42b-conversion-to-7-62mm-nato/) - https://youtu.be/Iy9z8pnLwIA Circa 1954, Sweden was starting to look for a new self-loading rifle to adopt for its infantry. The 6.5x55mm cartridge was a good round, but the idea of having ammunition compatibility with its neighbors was appealing, and NATO was standardizing on the new 7.62x51mm round. This rifle is an experimental conversion of a Ljungman - [KH-9: B&T Remakes the SITES Spectre Just Because It's Cool](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kh-9-bt-remakes-the-sites-spectre-just-because-its-cool/) - https://youtu.be/XyRj2el9oB4 Karl Brügger, CEO of B&T, is a true gun nerd and avid competitive shooter. When he got his hands on the Spectre SMG with its quad-stack magazine and weird DA/decocker fire control system, he thought it was really neat. So neat that he decided to buy the project from its Italian creators and put - [Negev 7: Israeli Scales up to a 7.62 NATO Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/negev-7-israeli-scales-up-to-a-7-62-nato-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/k72qs0kRCcA Full video including range footage is available on the History of Weapons & War streaming app: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/negev-7-4k The Israeli Negev machine gun had a rather long development cycle, beginning in 1985 but not seeing final completion and issue until 1997. Once on the market, it proved to be a pretty successful weapon, used by - [Stamm-Saurer Model 1907: A New Swiss Straight-Pull Bolt Action Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stamm-saurer-model-1907-a-new-swiss-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/gc8k4uv1gMk After leaving the Zeller company, Hans Stamm went looking for work at major gun manufacturers like WF Bern and SIG. He ended up hired in 1907 by a company caller Saurer. This was an automotive firm looking to open a weapons division, with hopes of winning the upcoming trials for a new Swiss military - [Domestic Burmese G3s: BA64 Rifle and BA-72 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/domestic-burmese-g3s-ba64-rifle-and-ba-72-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/1ry_hUOdm7c After achieving independence from the British, Burma (now Myanmar) looked to develop a domestic small arms industry to supply its armed forces. The first weapon produced there was the BA-52, a copy of (how they chose this I don't know) the Italian TZ-45 submachine gun. By the late 1950s, talks were underway with Rheinmetall - [Influencer Marketing in 1900: Charles Young's Repeating Shotgun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/influencer-marketing-in-1900-charles-youngs-repeating-shotgun/) - https://youtu.be/KuX3mJZVzlk Charles Sparrow Young was an extremely talent trap shooter around the turn of the century, sponsored by the Peters ammunition company. He was also a mechanical tinkerer, and developed several patents, including a shotgun release trigger. In 1901/2 he decided to design his own shotgun, and was granted two patents on it. The idea - [Schmeisser MK-36,II - The Mechanics of the MP40](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/schmeisser-mk-36ii-the-mechanics-of-the-mp40/) - https://youtu.be/Ovbma1TwFpA The German military began looking for a new submachine gun design in secret in the mid 1930s. There is basically no surviving documentation, but the main contenders appear to have featured: Hugo Schmeisser's MK-36,II and Erma's EMP-36. Today we are taking a look at the two known example of the Schmeisser design at the - [Erma EMP36: External Form Factor of the MP40](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/erma-emp36-external-form-factor-of-the-mp40/) - https://youtu.be/Xq6z1w-a0ak The German military began looking for a new submachine gun design in secret in the mid 1930s. There is basically no surviving documentation, but the main contenders appear to have featured: Hugo Schmeisser's MK-36,II and Erma's EMP-36. Today we are taking a look at one of two known examples of the Erma design at - [You Can Copy Anything: Chinese Bolt Action M1 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/you-can-copy-anything-chinese-bolt-action-m1-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/KWa-pYCSZDg This is a copy of the M1 Carbine made in China late in the Chinese civil war - likely between 1945 and 1949. While there was an attempt at factory production of a true M1 Carbine copy in northern China later, this example is actually a bolt action which simply copies the look and - [Q&A: The Falklands War of 1982](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-the-falklands-war-of-1982/) - https://youtu.be/hKjRWvHqT2Q Want a patch or t-shirt with our adorably heavily armed rockhopper penguin? Both are available from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/search?q=penguin Since I spent a couple weeks hiking across the Falklands and then visiting battlefields (and penguins), it seems reasonable to do a Q&A video about the place and the 1982 war there between Argentina and the - [Field to Table: Harvesting, Butchering, and Preparing Wild Game w/ Outdoor Solutions](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/field-to-table-harvesting-butchering-and-preparing-wild-game-w-outdoor-solutions/) - https://youtu.be/QCAg3qGFkVg You can get Outdoor Solutions' ebook and companion videos along with their whole upcoming class schedule at: https://www.fromfieldtotable.com My freezer is getting low, so it was time to refill it - and I chose to do that this year at one of Outdoor Solutions' "Field to Table" classes. Set up with hunting outfitters around - [Development of the Uzi Family: Standard, Mini, and Micro](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/development-of-the-uzi-family-standard-mini-and-micro/) - https://youtu.be/y3EIud0KKCM Full video cut available on the History of Weapons & War app. The Uzi was originally designed in the 1950s, and it was on the technological cutting edge at the time. The stamped receiver, telescoping bolt, and compact magazine-in-grip layout made it an inexpensive and effective weapon. Its sedate 600 round/minute rate of fire - [AG42 Ljungman: Sweden Adopts a Battle Rifle in WWII](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ag42-ljungman-sweden-adopts-a-battle-rifle-in-wwii/) - https://youtu.be/70iRJ2IMuTI Sweden developed, adopted, and produced a new self-loading rifle during World War Two. The process began in 1938, with an attempt by the state rifle factory to convert Swedish Mauser bolt actions into semiautomatic; that did not go well. Trials for a ground-up semiauto followed shortly thereafter, with the two finalists being the Pelo - [SR-88A: Singapore's Final Evolution of the AR-18](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sr-88a-singapores-final-evolution-of-the-ar-18/) - https://youtu.be/KbskX1QX2CE Chartered Industries of Singapore was founded in 1967, and started making M16 rifles under license in 1970. These were sold to the Singaporean military as well as Thailand. To get out of their licensing agreement with Colt, the company purchased the rights to Frank Waters' the SAR-80 rifle, and then iterated that design to - [Q&A: British Small Arms of World War Two](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-british-small-arms-of-world-war-two/) - https://youtu.be/XbrSATYGUUg Today's Q&A is brought to you by the fine folks at Patreon, and by Penguin Brutality: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/search?q=penguin http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons 01:11 - Was the Vickers .50 any good, and why did the British use 4 different heavy cartridges instead of consolidating? 07:35 - The Sten and its single-feed magazine design 10:27 - Owen versus Sten, and - [Book Review: ERMA Erfurter Maschinenfabrik 1924–2003 (Three Volumes)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-erma-erfurter-maschinenfabrik-1924-2003-three-volumes/) - https://youtu.be/K0om4qFB9TM Available from Schiffer Publishing as three separate volumes: https://www.schiffermilitary.com/collections/military-new-releases/products/erma-erfurter-maschinenfabrik-1924-2003-vol-1 https://www.schiffermilitary.com/collections/military-new-releases/products/erma-erfurter-maschinenfabrik-1924-2003-vol-2 https://www.schiffermilitary.com/collections/military-new-releases/products/erma-erfurter-maschinenfabrik-1924-2003-vol-3 Hot off the presses from Schiffer Publishing, we are looking at Holger Schlemeier's expanded English version of "ERMA: Erfurter Maschinenfabrik, 1924–2003". This is a three volume and thousand-page series covering (as you might have guessed) the Erma company. From its initial origins as - [BSD's VSS Vintorez Reproduction: Beyond the Hype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bsds-vss-vintorez-reproduction-beyond-the-hype/) - https://youtu.be/VBjwTc_vWo0 The reproduction VSS Vintorez announced and shown by BSD Fabrication & Works at SHOT Show 2025 has garnered a tremendous amount of excitement and attention. This is understandable, as the VSS is a very cool rifle, and there are a lot of people who would love to have one. However, I the coverage from - [Mean Arms' Bearing Delay System](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mean-arms-bearing-delay-system/) - https://youtu.be/6mBc2mU75e4 Mean Arms has developed probably the most refined and sophisticated 9mm AR delaying system on the market, what they call Bearing Delay. This began as an exploration into fitting HK-style roller delay into and AR, and ended up with a system using three spherical bearings to redirect chamber pressure to delay opening. The system - [2-Gun: Dillinger Gand Special! Winchester 1907SL and M911](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/2-gun-dillinger-gand-special-winchester-1907sl-and-m911/) - https://youtu.be/7e84HVoxpkw Yesterday we took a look at a reproduction of the Winchester 1907 Self Loader made for the Dillinger gang (and others) by Hyman Lebman. Today, I'm taking it out to a 2-gun match, paired with a Tisas M1911A1. Let's see how it'll do! Lebman 1907SL Conversion video: https://youtu.be/7q5JDX0CHag - [Aimpoint's New COA: Clever Optics Advancement](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/aimpoints-new-coa-clever-optics-advancement/) - https://youtu.be/EkFQNELaQp0 Let me first mention something that I didn't cover in the video: what does "COA" stand for? Well, nothing. They just wanted a name that they could trademark that wasn't already in use. So go ahead and make up your own acronym. It may be hard to see how a pistol red dot sight - [TOZ-36 and TOZ-49: Soviet Gas-Seal Target Revolvers](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/toz-36-and-toz-49-soviet-gas-seal-target-revolvers/) - https://youtu.be/7kg89f3fT1k These two revolvers were developed for competitive sport shooting in the Soviet Union. They are usually described as variants of the Model 1895 Nagant, but they actually work on a different mechanism, despite both being gas-seal designs. The TOZ-36 was designed in 1962, and it was a single action, six-shot revolver in 7.62x38mmR - - [Steyr AUGs of the Falkland Islands Defense Force](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/steyr-augs-of-the-falkland-islands-defense-force/) - https://youtu.be/FXtDvLBJp0s The Falkland Islands Defense Force is a small organization independent of the British military, run directly by the Falkland Islands government. When it decided to update its small arms form the L1A1 SLR (aka British FAL) in the early 1990s, the British assumed they would purchase the new L85A1 rifles. However, by that time - [BD-44: The New Semiauto Sturmgewehr from D-K Productions](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bd-44-the-new-semiauto-sturmgewehr-from-d-k-productions/) - https://youtu.be/Z0ctRKeDTZY D-K Productions is a collaboration between the rGerman company Sport System Dittrich (SSD) and an American partner. SSD has been making reproductions of German World War Two small arms for something like 20 years - including Sturmgewehrs. Their guns are really good recreations of the 1940s originals, but there have long been issues importing - [PSA/H&R Clones the Department of Energy Colt 9mm SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/psa-hr-clones-the-department-of-energy-colt-9mm-smg/) - https://youtu.be/m3R4JXTnFiA Palmetto State Armory, under their Harrington & Richardson brand, has released a particularly neat model of 9mm AR. They talked about doing this "at some point" at SHOT Show 2024, but lo and behold it's here and available on the cusp of SHOT 2025! Specifically, this is the Colt 633, an extra-short version of - [Dillinger Gang's Winchester 1907 Self-Loader: The Lebman Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dillinger-gangs-winchester-1907-self-loader-the-lebman-conversion/) - https://youtu.be/7q5JDX0CHag Hyman Lehman was a gunsmith in Texas who made a variant of firearms for some of the most notorious gangsters of the 1930s. One of his specialties was to take the Winchester Model 1907 Self-Loader and cut the barrel down, attach a Cutt's Compensator, and a Thompson gun vertical front grip on a replacement - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 7: Beaumont 1871](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-7-beaumont-1871/) - https://youtu.be/rGa2tYli028 For the full episode with the hand loading instructional section, click here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/episode-7-beaumont-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so - [Rate of Fire: What Determines it and How to Change It](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rate-of-fire-what-determines-it-and-how-to-change-it/) - https://youtu.be/_Vixj9sxTfk What determines the rate of fire of a machine gun, and how can that rate of fire be determined or changed from a design perspective? Let's talk about pressure, mass, and distance... - [Praga I: A Blow-Forward Bullpup Semi-Auto-Selectable Vickers Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/praga-i-a-blow-forward-bullpup-semi-auto-selectable-vickers-gun/) - https://youtu.be/ByZvMvBnefo The Praga I was the first machine gun design from noted Czech arms designed Vaclav Holek. Three examples were made for Czech military testing in 1922, but they were not acceptable. Instead, this design served as the first stepping stone to the eventual development of the ZB-26, perhaps the best of the interwar light - [In the Footsteps of 45 Commando: 60 Miles Across the Falklands](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/in-the-footsteps-of-45-commando-60-miles-across-the-falklands/) - https://youtu.be/lXcgrwaQTtU Want a patch or t-shirt with our adorably heavily armed rockhopper penguin? Both are available from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/search?q=penguin I was recently joined my friends Les Winner (Polaris Worldwide Logistics) and Jari Laine (Varusteleka) for an epic trek across Eat Falkland in the footsteps of 45 Commando of the British Royal Marines. In 1982, the - [Modernizing Le Clairon: the FAMAS Valorise](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/modernizing-le-clairon-the-famas-valorise/) - https://youtu.be/xhMfTm2-x04 The FAMAS was the best bullpup rifle of its era, but it was a difficult platform to modernize with optics. In 1995, the "FELIN" (Fantassin à Équipement et Liaisons INtégrés; Integrated Infantry Equipment and Communications) was commissioned to create a next-generation weapons platform for the French soldier. This used a computerized multi-function optic mounted - [Estonia's Much Better Sniper: the M14 TP2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonias-much-better-sniper-the-m14-tp2/) - https://youtu.be/VPqPVgXkKvA The first Estonian sniper rifle built on the M14 was the "TP" - a very poorly done model with a lousy scope, worse mount, and unhelpful stock. These were made in 2000, and in 2008 a new iteration came out. This was the TP2, which now used a B&T mount, standard stock (with cheek - [The End of the Mamba: A Tale of Manufacturing Incompetence](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-end-of-the-mamba-a-tale-of-manufacturing-incompetence/) - https://youtu.be/WqGOuB6vYvw This is your last chance to win this very rare Mamba pistol! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT 12/20/24 @11:59 PM PST The Mamba was a pistol that had a pretty decent design, but failed because of incompetent manufacturing. Today we are taking a look at a handful of surviving Mambas including the only - [Moons Out 2025 Launch: Prepare Your NODs!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/moons-out-2025-launch-prepare-your-nods/) - https://youtu.be/EMTSletoM5g https://practiscore.com/moons-out-25/register Moons Out 2025 is a Brutality-style night vision rifle match. It consists of 10 stages physically and mentally challenging stages over two nights, all shot in the dark with night vision equipment (Gen 3 highly recommended). For details on the Polenar Tactical events, check their site here: https://polenartactical.com/shop/67-training Dates: March 14-16 (Friday afternoon - [History of Weapons & War: Now With The Chieftain!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/history-of-weapons-war-now-with-the-chieftain/) - https://youtu.be/AIxFU-JaKu4 Join us today, and use code XMAS2024 for a couple bucks off: https://weaponsandwar.tv We are excited to welcome Lt. Col. Nicolas Moran, The Chieftain, to the History of Weapons & War streaming video app! He joins eight of the best historical & educational small arms channels, and is the first of several more creators - [Soviet Small Arms of WWII: Now Shipping!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/soviet-small-arms-of-wwii-now-shipping/) - https://youtu.be/X0XYJlvPaMY Now in stock and shipping! Order your copy here: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/ww2-soviet-union Please note: we will do our best to get as many preorders as possible out before Christmas, but we cannot guarantee everyone's arrival date. New orders should not be expected to arrive before Christmas. And if you have a copy of the US volume - [P320 Flux Legion Raider at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/p320-flux-legion-raider-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/l--Im2RKufs Today I am taking the SIG P320 Flux Legion (aka the SIG Legion edition of the Flux Raider) out to the range. I'm a big fan of PDW systems, and the Raider is one of the best - in my opinion it is better than some purpose-built PDWs, much less other pistol chassis conversions. - [SIG P320 Flux Legion / Flux Raider: The Best Pistol-PDW System Yet](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sig-p320-flux-legion-flux-raider-the-best-pistol-pdw-system-yet/) - https://youtu.be/RKEyOZ6ZU20 The Flux Raider is a chassis system designed to turn the SIG P320 into a very compact PDW. The design concept began as a desire to improve the practical accuracy of a handgun by adding a collapsing stock while keeping the weapon holsterable. Flux' first product, circa 2019, was a spring-loaded stock that could - [Daniel Defense H9: The Hudson Reborn and Completely Reengineered](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/daniel-defense-h9-the-hudson-reborn-and-completely-reengineered/) - https://youtu.be/peCXdo3GIUI In 2017, Hudson released a new pistol that was the darling of the firearms industry. It purported to offer a radically low bore axis and 1911-style trigger in a striker-fired system that would be fast and simple to use. In 2019, Hudson went bankrupt, out of money and having started to scavenge parts off - [ZB47: A Truly Weird Czech SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zb47-a-truly-weird-czech-smg/) - https://youtu.be/TYVSe6s8kGE The ZB47 was developed at Brno as a contender for Czech military submachine gun adoption in the late 1940s. The Czech Army had technically adopted a submachine gun prior to World War Two (the vz.38; video on that is coming a bit later) but production did not begin before the arrival of German troops. - [Beretta 93R: The Best Machine Pistol?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-93r-the-best-machine-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/BPf5quy8_nM The Beretta 93R ("Raffica") was developed in the 1970s by Beretta engineer Paolo Parola at the request of Italian military special forces. It took the basic Beretta 92 pistol design and added a well-thought-out burst mechanism under the right-side grip panel. It does not have a plain full-auto setting, but only semiauto and 3-round - [Books Now Shipping From Headstamp Publishing!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/books-now-shipping-from-headstamp-publishing/) - https://youtu.be/X5aNiiDl4hI https://www.headstamppublishing.com We have a huge variety of beautiful and informative firearms books available and shipping right now from Headstamp Publishing! From Japanese tobacco to British bullpups to Chinese mystery pistols, there really is something here for anyone who enjoys firearms... - [Rhodesian Mamba at the Range: Will it Work?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rhodesian-mamba-at-the-range-will-it-work/) - https://youtu.be/p3SdYwN-Emo Get Entered to win this very rare Mamba! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 12/20/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST Today we are taking the Mamba out to the range to see just how badly (or how well) it works. This is one of the Mambas that was assembled in the US by Navy Arms - - [Book Review: The U.S. Model 1917 Rifle - "America's Enfield"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-the-u-s-model-1917-rifle-americas-enfield/) - https://youtu.be/5SICTRSmO1E Available from Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/U-S-Model-Rifle-Americas-Enfield/dp/1931464928 Available from the publisher, Mowbray: https://gunandswordcollector.com/product/us-model-1917-rifle-canfield/ Bruce Canfield is one of the most prolific and prominent authors on American military small arms today, with a bunch of excellent works in print. He has now tackled the Model 1917 Enfield rifle, the most common American rifle of World War One and - [How Is Ammunition Made? A Tour of Sellier & Bellot's Factory](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-is-ammunition-made-a-tour-of-sellier-bellots-factory/) - https://youtu.be/1RN2vDgLIY4 Today I am in Vlašim in the Czech Republic, where Sellier & Bellot has allowed me to film a tour of their ammunition plant. This is one of the largest ammo manufacturers in the world, and they start with basic raw material like lead, copper, and brass and ship out complete case ammunition. The - [Tunnels and Door Breaching: Czech Combat 2024 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tunnels-and-door-breaching-czech-combat-2024-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/0qNW4xAN1JE Czech Combat is a 2-day, 12-stage practical matching using rifle and pistol, sponsored by CZ and Sellier & Bellot. It is not a Brutality match, although it shares a lot of elements with Brutality. There is not as much physical challenge to the stages, instead having a mixture of tactically-oriented stages and IPSC-like stages. - [Welcome to the Mystery Fun Van: Czech Combat 2024 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/welcome-to-the-mystery-fun-van-czech-combat-2024-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/QsP1YBg7yL8 Czech Combat is a 2-day, 12-stage practical matching using rifle and pistol, sponsored by CZ and Sellier & Bellot. It is not a Brutality match, although it shares a lot of elements with Brutality. There is not as much physical challenge to the stages, instead having a mixture of tactically-oriented stages and IPSC-like stages. - [SVD Dragunov: The First Purpose-Built DMR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/svd-dragunov-the-first-purpose-built-dmr/) - https://youtu.be/-FYNd907E6A The development of the Dragunov designated marksman’s rifle was spurred by the NATO adoption of the 7.62x51mm cartridge. The Red Army had standardized on a new suite of infantry weapons using the intermediate-sized 7.62x39mm round, and feared being out-ranged in open terrain by NATO units. The Soviet squad needed some way to reach out - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 6: Berdan II](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-6-berdan-ii/) - https://youtu.be/Md4Ez6uZYwk The full version with hand loading information (not permitted on YouTube) is available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/berdan-2-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although - [Gear for Carrying DP27 Pan Magazines](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gear-for-carrying-dp27-pan-magazines/) - https://youtu.be/QbYHaDFf4Sg Today we are taking a look at three different pieces of kit developed to carry Degtyarev DP pan magazines. These mags are really inconveniently shaped, and traditional magazine pouches just don't work for them. Instead, the Soviets initially fielded a stamped steel can that held three pans. This was durable, but had to be - [P99: The Pistol that Rejuvenated Walther](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/p99-the-pistol-that-rejuvenated-walther/) - https://youtu.be/mo6duQSFmWc For a couple decades after World War Two, Walther survived on legacy designs - the PP/PPK and P38 (eventually made with an aluminum frame as the P4) primarily. In the 1970s they developed the P5 for German police use, and this was a reasonably successful pistol, but expensive and complex. Something more modern was - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 4: The Mauser Gewehr 1871](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-4-the-mauser-gewehr-1871/) - https://youtu.be/HeBJcPsHQ-Q The full version with hand loading information (not permitted on YouTube) is available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/black-powder-ep-4-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although - [Leaning Westward: Galils for Estonia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/leaning-westward-galils-for-estonia/) - https://youtu.be/qxixMipde64 When Estonia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, it was initially armed with a wide variety of miscellaneous small arms. They clearly needed a primary standardized rifle for the new armed forces. The one definitive criteria for making a selection was than the new rifle must be chambered for the 5.56mm - [The Unique Challenges of Self-Loading Shotgun Design](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-unique-challenges-of-self-loading-shotgun-design/) - https://youtu.be/3iLSCNtogc8 This is your last chance to win this iconic SPAS-12! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT 11/22/24 @11:59 PM PST I think a lot of people under appreciate the difficulty of making a reliable self-loading shotgun. Between the rimmed case, wadcutter-type cylindrical shape, varying shell length, and massive variations in loadings, the variability that - [SPAS-12: Franchi's Special Purpose Automatic Shotgun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/spas-12-franchis-special-purpose-automatic-shotgun/) - https://youtu.be/dIv7k227Vqc Enter to win this iconic SPAS-12! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons Deadline to enter is 11/22/24 @11:59 PM PST Franchi introduced the Special Purpose Automatic Shotgun (SPAS-12) for Italian military and police agencies in 1979 and it quickly because popular worldwide. Based originally on the gas-operated Franchi 500, that SPAS-12 was robust, reliable, and designed as a semiautomatic - [Franchi SPAS-12 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/franchi-spas-12-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/5kTcclkUT1M Today I'm taking the SPAS-12 out to the range, to try a variety of ammunition and see what runs in it. The SPAS is a gas-operated shotgun that can be switched to manual pump operation for use with underpowered ammunition. This was originally intended as a way to allow things like beanbag and other - [Legacy of the K5: Daewoo DP51 Through Lionheart Vulcan-9](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/legacy-of-the-k5-daewoo-dp51-through-lionheart-vulcan-9/) - https://youtu.be/wCG1CCthQyM The South Korean military was using old Colt M1911A1 pistols in the 1980s, and as they became worn out a new pistol was needed. This would be something designed and built domestically, and chambered for 9x19. The small arms division of the massive Daewoo industrial conglomerate, called Daewoo Precision Industries, spent several years in - [New Imports: French MAS 49/56 and MAS 36/51 Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-imports-french-mas-49-56-and-mas-36-51-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/ADIWFJsal3M Yeah, I'm a sucker for nice French rifles. So when Old Western Scrounger brought in another batch of them, I offered to do a video. These are rifles taken out of French long-term storage, having been rebuilt at French arsenals to like-new condition, and are in beautiful condition. Full video on the MAS 49/56: - [Semiauto MGs: How Are They Made?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/semiauto-mgs-how-are-they-made/) - https://youtu.be/X8JX30dXcag This is your last chance to win this awesome Semiauto DPM! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT 10/25/2024 at 11:59 PM PST Semiauto versions of machine guns are a way to have examples of historically significant and mechanically interesting guns without having to wrangle with NFA transfers and the astronomical price of transferrable legal - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 5: The Remington Rolling Block](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-5-the-remington-rolling-block/) - https://youtu.be/9PfBmTuJnCs The full version with hand loading information (not permitted on YouTube) is available here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/black-powder-ep-5-app Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although - [Degtyarev Upgrades: DP27 vs DPM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/degtyarev-upgrades-dp27-vs-dpm/) - https://youtu.be/ZjcN-zDS4xs Enter to win this awesome Semiauto DPM! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 10/25/2024 at 11:59 PM PST The full version of this video, including range footage and no giveaway segments, and in 4K resolution, is available at the History of Weapons & War app: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/dp-vs-dpm-4k The Degtyarev DP (aka DP-27) was the subject of - [The FAL in Cuba: Left Arm of the Communist World?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-fal-in-cuba-left-arm-of-the-communist-world/) - https://youtu.be/paADbwNa7hs In 1958, Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista ordered some 35,000 FAL rifles from FN, including both regular infantry rifles have heavy-barreled FALO light machine guns. Before any of them could arrive, however, Batista fled the country and his guns were delivered to Fidel Castro beginning in July 1959. At this time, the FAL was still - [Sten MkII vs Ingram M10/9 (w/ John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sten-mkii-vs-ingram-m10-9-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/Po2zPef-WJY If you had to pick one, would you take a Sten MkII or an Ingram M10/9? This applies specifically to the guns in their original factory configurations; no Lage products allowed! It's hard to come up with a mass-production SMG that isn't obviously better than a MkII Sten, but the stock Ingrams might make - [Beretta M38A vs Suomi kp/31 (w/ John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-m38a-vs-suomi-kp-31-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/TvyHoud83uA If you had to pick one, would you take an early Beretta 38A (with bayonet), or a Finnish kp/31 Suomi? Both have semiauto selectors, although the Beretta's its easier to use. The Suomi has a higher rate of fire and larger magazine capacity, but is slower to use. Both have roughly equivalent sights and - [“Grey Ghost” - The French Occupation Production P38 Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/grey-ghost-the-french-occupation-production-p38-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/OhQ--R_GTa0 When the French took over control of the Mauser factory complex in May 1945, the plant had some 85 tons of pistol parts on hand - 7.3 million individual components in various stages of production. This was enough to make a whole lot of guns, even if many of them were not completed parts. - [The Infamous Klobb: Guns of GoldenEye N64](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-infamous-klobb-guns-of-goldeneye-n64/) - https://youtu.be/OVVW9Rmzkwo https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/licensed-troubleshooter?ref=e0y2xl We are really close to hitting the stretch goal to add a section on the Guns of GoldenEye N64 to Licensed Troubleshooter! For a lot of people, James Bond was introduced not by Sean Connery, but by a 64-bit rendition of the world's most famous spy in GoldenEye for the Nintendo 64. It - [The First Sturmgewehr: The MKb42(H)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-first-sturmgewehr-the-mkb42h/) - https://youtu.be/66fdmoRarv4 The first iteration of the iconic German Sturmgewehr was developed by Haenel starting in 1938. It was a select-fire rifle chambered for the short 8x33mm cartridge, developed by the Polte company. It used a long-stroke gas piston and a tilting bolt patterned after the Czech ZB-26 light machine gun. What makes the MKb42(H) stand - [RP-46: The Rarely Seen Belt-Fed Degtyarev](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rp-46-the-rarely-seen-belt-fed-degtyarev/) - https://youtu.be/S8u48kE5KCM Enter to win this awesome Semiauto DPM! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 10/25/2024 at 11:59 PM PST After World War Two, the Red Army moved from a full power infantry rifle cartridge to an intermediate one, and the 7.62x39mm RPD became the new squad machine gun. At the same time, the heavy Maxims were - [G33/40: Special Carbine for the Gebirgsjager](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/g33-40-special-carbine-for-the-gebirgsjager/) - https://youtu.be/YZkwJyjmlL4 When the Germans took over control of the Czechoslovakian arms industry, they took some time to work out what out to be mass produced at the Brno factory. In the interim, they decided to restart production of the Czech vz33 Mauser carbine as the Gewehr 33/40 for German mountain troops. This was a truly - [B&T APC-9: The Swiss Answer to the MP5](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bt-apc-9-the-swiss-answer-to-the-mp5/) - https://youtu.be/xHRlR2WrdXU B&T owner Karl Brügger is a big fan of 9mm PCCs and SMGs, and decided that his company ought to offer an alternative to the MP5 and this was the Advanced Police Carbine (APC). In order to compete effectively, it needed to be simple to manufacture, since manufacturing costs in Switzerland are exorbitant compared - [French 1717 Rampart Musket from the American Revolution](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/french-1717-rampart-musket-from-the-american-revolution/) - https://youtu.be/A7GfovF2yGY American forces in the Revolutionary War took in a bunch of different types of surplus small arms, and one of the interesting ones was the French Model 1717 Rampart gun. When the French created the first standardized military rifle pattern in 1717, they made two versions - an infantry musket and a rampart or - [Best of American and Europe: the Webley No5 Express New Army](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/best-of-american-and-europe-the-webley-no5-express-new-army/) - https://youtu.be/uyxdMWJy-q0 Webley introduced their No5 Express New Army model revolver in 1878. This was essentially a ruggedized and scaled up variation on the No5 RIC revolvers that was very popular with police forces. The RIC was chambered for just the .450 Adams cartridge, and its ejection system in particular was not suitable to serious military - [Berettas With Bayonets: The Very Early Model 38A SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/berettas-with-bayonets-the-very-early-model-38a-smg/) - https://youtu.be/7CaA4_afapQ The initial model of the Beretta 38A had a number of features that were dropped rather quickly once wartime production became a priority. Specifically, they included a lockout safety switch for just the rear full-auto trigger. This was in place primarily for police use, in which the guns were intended for semiautomatic use except - [Enfield MkII: Better Than the MkI, I Guess](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enfield-mkii-better-than-the-mki-i-guess/) - https://youtu.be/RhWtegKD7hE The Enfield MkI had only been in service for two years when the MkII was adopted in March 1882 to resolve some of its problems (and reduce its cost). At the same time, a new cartridge was adopted (the MkIII) with a heeled .477” bullet - also in hopes of resolving some o the - [Portuguese Navy Lugers: Model m/910 from DWM and Mauser](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/portuguese-navy-lugers-model-m-910-from-dwm-and-mauser/) - https://youtu.be/acmQALXWbzc Following Portuguese Army adoption in 1908, the Portuguese Navy adopted the Luger in 1909 as the m/910. The pattern they chose was a “new model” Luger in 9x19mm, with a 100mm / 4” barrel. A total of 650 were ordered in late 1909 and delivered between 1910 and 1912. The guns had Portuguese-language safety - [The Hungarian Alternative: G98/40 Rifles in German Service](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-hungarian-alternative-g98-40-rifles-in-german-service/) - https://youtu.be/swSyfuxY4d4 The German Wehrmacht was always hungry for more rifles during World War Two, and adopted substitute designs made in friendly (or subservient) countries when possible. Almost all of these were minor variations on the Mauser 98 system, but the Hungarian G98/40 was an exception. This was a Mannlicher system, with zero parts interchangeability with - [Steyrs for the Luftwaffe: The G29(ö) aka Gewehr 12/34](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/steyrs-for-the-luftwaffe-the-g29o-aka-gewehr-12-34/) - https://youtu.be/hYYFcv6XNOw When the German government bought up the controlling interest in Steyr in 1938, they made use of its production facilities to start making rifles for the Luftwaffe. Steyr had tooling for the Mauser 98, but not in K98k form - they had most recently made a Mauser-pattern carbine for Chile in 1934 (the M12/34). - [G24(t): Germany’s Take on the Czechoslovakian vz24](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/g24t-germanys-take-on-the-czechoslovakian-vz24/) - https://youtu.be/jS_7lxKzdaU When Germany took over Czechoslovakia, one of the things they did was buy out a controlling interest in what became known as Waffenwerke Brunn. Headquartered in Prague, the company had two factories; one in Brno (Czechia) and one in Bystrica (Slovakia). The Bystrica factory was already making vz24 Mauser rifles, and under new German - [A DAO Service Revolver in the Civil War: the Pettengill Army](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-dao-service-revolver-in-the-civil-war-the-pettengill-army/) - https://youtu.be/IhOLUWQsfsQ The Pettengill revolver is a 6-shot, muzzleloading double-action-only system designed and patented by C.S. Pettengill in 1856, and improved by Edward Raymond and Charles Robitaille in 1858. In 1859, the Rogers & Spencer company was contracted to put them into production as a .31 caliber pocket model and a .34 caliber Navy model. Shortly - [Single-Rune bnz43 SS Contract K98k](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/single-rune-bnz43-ss-contract-k98k/) - https://youtu.be/fz1CRkaiamc In 1942, the SS devised a plan to rent out concentration camp labor to companies in the German armaments industry. Several different rifle production lines were set up to make use of this source of cheap labor, and the one we are looking at today is Steyr’s plant at the Gusen camp (a subsidiary - [Colt Boa: Rarest of the Snake Revolvers](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-boa-rarest-of-the-snake-revolvers/) - https://youtu.be/hB_6SLuMt50 Of the seven revolvers Colt named after snakes, the rarest is the Colt Boa. Only a single production run of these were made totaling just 1,200 guns. They were made in 1985 as a custom order for the Lew Horton distribution company, which wanted something unique to offer its buyers. The Boa was an - [Spoils of War: French Occupation-Production Mauser K98k svwMB](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/spoils-of-war-french-occupation-production-mauser-k98k-svwmb/) - https://youtu.be/9-mgkAn0I1g Allied troops occupied the Mauser factory complex in Oberndorf in April of 1945, right at the end of the war. The factory was put under French administration and by May that same year production lines were restarted to supply French forces (who needed as many arms as they could get). In total, just under - [Shooting a WWII German 50mm Light Mortar (L.Gr.W.36)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shooting-a-wwii-german-50mm-light-mortar-l-gr-w-36/) - https://youtu.be/Ds-rlcMM11o The standard German light mortar in World War Two was the model 1936 5cm Leichter Granatwerfer. It was a very precise (Germanic, one might say) machine, and a bubble lever for careful aiming, and it threw a roughly 2 pound projectile out to a maximum range of 550 meters. Today I have the chance - [Estonia's Domestic Arms Production: Arsenal Tallinn SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonias-domestic-arms-production-arsenal-tallinn-smg/) - https://youtu.be/6h_H1HeS2QM At the end of Estonia's war of independence in 1920, the new nation's government began working on military infrastructure. One thing it would need was a repair depot to maintain military equipment, everything from barracks furniture to arms and vehicles. A large building was obtained in Tallinn (the capital city) and a number of - [Gothic Serpent: Shughart M14 Clone & Delta 1911 at the 2-Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gothic-serpent-shughart-m14-clone-delta-1911-at-the-2-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/2Mat1utw4Zs This is your last chance to win this awesome (if malfunctioning) Shughart M14 Clone! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT 09/27/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST Today I decided to do a Gothic Serpent memorial 2-gun match, using my Shughart M14 clone and a surplussed Delta 1911. This was a 5-stage match at the Rio - [MP9 and TP9: A Complete History From Steyr to B&T](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mp9-and-tp9-a-complete-history-from-steyr-to-bt/) - https://youtu.be/UbbSCyRH8Hk Steyr introduced their TMP (Tactical Machine Pistol) and its semiauto SPP counterpart in 1989, but it was never a very popular item. After the company was purchased, the new ownership decided to scrap the TMP (along with other low-performing product lines). At that point, Swiss firm B&T purchased the whole project for a nominal - [sa81 KRASA: Czechoslovakia's Ultra-Compact Lost PDW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sa81-krasa-czechoslovakias-ultra-compact-lost-pdw/) - https://youtu.be/8fz1mvpqF_I The Krása project (which translates as "beauty", but is also a shortening of "short assault rifle" - "KRÁtký SAmopal") is a fascinating piece of Czech small arms development. In 1976, the Czechoslovakian military requested development of a compact personal weapon for special troops (paratroops, armored vehicle crews, etc) and unit commanders. It was to - [BUG Match: Guns of James Bond](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bug-match-guns-of-james-bond/) - https://youtu.be/zgl0aCMS5t4 "Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond" is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Today my friend Tom joins me at the BackUp Gun (BUG) Match for a bunch of James Bond guns. We tried a new match division this month called Wildcard, where you - [Creating my Shughart Black Hawk Down M14 Clone](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/creating-my-shughart-black-hawk-down-m14-clone/) - https://youtu.be/owL7tVFzbHQ Enter to win this awesome Black Hawk Down M14 Clone! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons Deadline to enter is 9/27/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST I figured it might be worthwhile to document the process of putting together my clone of Randy Shughart's M14 from 1993 Mogadishu...so here we go. - [Boring, Durable, Unsexy Bricks: The Remarkably Successful Ruger P85](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/boring-durable-unsexy-bricks-the-remarkably-successful-ruger-p85/) - https://youtu.be/85amwlTI8h4 The Ruger P85 - like so many of Ruger's products - is not particularly attractive or exciting. It introduced no particular mechanical innovation besides the casting-based manufacturing that would actually probably be seen as a detriment if it were advertised. And yet, the gun (and those developed from it including the P89, P90, P91, - [A Brief History of B&T Silencers - Impuls to Rotex to PrintX](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-brief-history-of-bt-silencers-impuls-to-rotex-to-printx/) - https://youtu.be/RGCnvX948Lg Today I'm at B&T in Thun, Switzerland taking a look at the whole history of the company's suppressors. They began back in the 90s when founder Karl Brügger was working as a machinist and had spare time available - so he started making silencers for himself and his friends. That grew into a small - [Romanian 1930s Mosin Carbine Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanian-1930s-mosin-carbine-conversion/) - https://youtu.be/REglC64GrjU Romania had more than a million rifles in its inventory after World War One, but they were mused between Mannlicher 88/90, Mannlicher 95, Mosin Nagant, and Berthier patterns - and they were almost all rifles and not carbines. In order to make practical use of all these arms, it was decided to allocate them - [Steyr-Solothurn S2-200: the Austrian MG30 and Hungarian 31M](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/steyr-solothurn-s2-200-the-austrian-mg30-and-hungarian-31m/) - https://youtu.be/ZxQ-9THipHs The S2-200 was developed by Louis Stange at the Rheinmetall company in Germany in the late 1920s. Because Germany was not allowed to be doing this sort of arms development at the time, Rheinmetall bought a controlling stake in the Swiss firm Solothurn AG, to make the product deniably Swiss. The gun itself is - [James Bond's Shoulder Holsters: Good, Bad, and Ugly](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/james-bonds-shoulder-holsters-good-bad-and-ugly/) - https://youtu.be/_c7cfMRwCBY Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Today Caleb Daniels - author of Licensed Troubleshooter - is back with me, to discuss the wide variety of shoulder holsters that James Bond uses throughout the myriad of Bond books - [Literary James Bond's Best Pistol: the ASP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/literary-james-bonds-best-pistol-the-asp/) - https://youtu.be/hgZssGDD8KM Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Today Caleb Daniels, author of "Licensed Troubleshooter", is joining me to talk about one of the best guns used to arm the literary James Bond: the ASP. Designed by one Paris - [Every Gun in "Dr. No" is Wrong](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/every-gun-in-dr-no-is-wrong/) - https://youtu.be/JPMuHJxAs94 Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Today Caleb Daniels, author of "Licensed Troubleshooter", joins me to talk about the guns shown in Dr. No, the very first James Bond film. Somehow, the film magazines to get - [Virtual Tour of the Czech Army Museum in Prague](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/virtual-tour-of-the-czech-army-museum-in-prague/) - https://youtu.be/BL7HrFW3dNc I spent several days filming some fantastic Czech small arms with the VHU - the Czech Military History Institute. The Army Museum Žižkov is a part of the Institute, and they have a 3-story museum full of cool exhibits open to the public in Prague.If you have a chance to visit, it's definitely worth - [The Mystery of James Bond's Long-Barrel .45 Car Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-mystery-of-james-bonds-long-barrel-45-car-gun/) - https://youtu.be/b6BYsf3tQh0 Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond is live on Kickstarter now - check it out for lots of super cool exclusive options! Today Caleb Daniels joins me again to discuss one of the mysteries of Ian Fleming's James Bond novels. Bond is described as carrying a long-barrel .45 Army Special under the dashboard - [Announcing "Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond"!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-licensed-troubleshooter-the-guns-of-james-bond/) - https://youtu.be/5Tuxn8fdyug https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/licensed-troubleshooter?ref=8r616s Now available to preorder on Kickstarter, "Licensed Troubleshooter: The Guns of James Bond" is a celebration of the most fascinating small arms wielded by one of the world’s most acclaimed action heroes, 007. This in-depth analysis spans the entire collection of Bond films and the novels that inspired them, including those authored by - [Black Hawk Down: Randy Shughart's M14](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/black-hawk-down-randy-shugharts-m14/) - https://youtu.be/MNNRJ9l6yAE Enter to win this awesome Black Hawk Down M14 Clone! https://www.fanathem.com/forgottenweapons Deadline to enter is 9/27/2024 @ 11:59 PM PST Sergeant Randy Shughart and Gary Gordon were both awarded posthumous Congressional Medals of Honor for their actions in Mogadishu in October 1993. As portrayed in the film "Black Hawk Down", the two Delta Force - [The RK 62 M3 Clone I Used for Finnish Brutality 2024](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-rk-62-m3-clone-i-used-for-finnish-brutality-2024/) - https://youtu.be/R3grtN7OxbM This year at Finnish Brutality 2024, I was able to use a semiauto clone of a Finnish military RK 62 M3 rifle. This is the latest upgrade to the Finnish issued RK 62 rifle. Starting in 2015, the Finnish Defense Forces began a program to update some of their stock of RK62s. The goal - [Balloons, Bombs, and Sandbags: Finnish Brutality 2024 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/balloons-bombs-and-sandbags-finnish-brutality-2024-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/14aBuXCrCYI Finnish Brutality 2024 took the standard for practical shooting matches and raised it again - this was the best match that I have ever had the chance to shoot. Run by Varusteleka, a Finnish military and outdoor good supplier, it was ten stages of shooting over two days and took place a bit north - [The Best Match Ever: Finnish Brutality 2024 (Day 1)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-best-match-ever-finnish-brutality-2024-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/plFSVmWHeoA Finnish Brutality 2024 took the standard for practical shooting matches and raised it again - this was the best match that I have ever had the chance to shoot. Run by Varusteleka, a Finnish military and outdoor good supplier, it was ten stages of shooting over two days and took place a bit north - [Estonian R20L Designated Marksman's Rifle in 7.62x51mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonian-r20l-designated-marksmans-rifle-in-7-62x51mm/) - https://youtu.be/Hz0wBYQG6-A Alongside their new 5.56mm R20 infantry rifles, Estonia has recently adopted the LMT 7.62x51mm MARS-H as its new designated marksman's rifle; the R20L. These rifles were part of a single rifle contract, with the vast majority of the rifles being the smaller 5.56mm ones. The larger 7.62mm rifles have basically all the same features - [R20 "Rahe" - Estonia Modernizes its Infantry Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/r20-rahe-estonia-modernizes-its-infantry-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/qY7NhBCbheQ In 2017, the Estonian military began the process of replacing its infantry rifles. At that time, the primary rifle in use was the Galil, which had been purchased from Israel shortly after Russian occupation ended and Estonia regained its independence in 1992. The Galils had made sense at the time, but now something more - [Estonian R20L DMR Clone at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/estonian-r20l-dmr-clone-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/VBVCldMmXA4 Today we are out at the range with a semiauto clone of the Estonian R20L "Rahe" designated marksman's rifle. These rifles are based on the LMT MARS-H platform, with a few tweaks requested by the Estonian Defense Forces (like the bayonet lug). While LMT has a commercial semiauto copy of the 5.56mm R20 (the - [wz.35: Poland's Remarkably Misunderstood Antitank Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/wz-35/) - https://youtu.be/wxhwHgemeBs Polish wz. 35 ATR by Leszek Erenfeicht In 1929 Maj. Tadeusz Felsztyn [TADEUSH FELSHTEEN], Scientific Director of the Central Shooting School in Torun (a chief firearms research and instruction institution in Poland between 1919 and 1932, leading all small arms related R&D as well as army’s small arms instructor training) took interest in the - [Mini-Ero: The Croatian Hybrid Small Uzi](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mini-ero-the-croatian-hybrid-small-uzi/) - https://youtu.be/9VI24YbBjAg After producing the Ero, a nearly exact copy of the Israeli Uzi, the Croatia firm Arma started making some design changes. With the Mini-Ero, they picked a size in between that of the Mini-Uzi and Micro-Uzi, and also used a stock taken from the vz.61 Skorpion (Model 84 in Croatian service). A big thanks - [The New CZ Bren 3: What Did They Change?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-new-cz-bren-3-what-did-they-change/) - https://youtu.be/DJRbe-2EgT4 From the Mauser bolt action to the AK and AR, all new military rifles take time to perfect. With the Bren 3, CZ is now on the third iteration of the Bren platform, having gone from the original 805 to the much-improved Bren 2 and now a collection of less obvious changes to create - [Croatian Improvised Weapons: From Obrez to Single-Shot Yugo M70 Hybrid](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/croatian-improvised-weapons-from-obrez-to-single-shot-yugo-m70-hybrid/) - https://youtu.be/zoRFnt0HZiA During the Croatian Homeland War - as in all wars of independence - a wide variety of cobbled-together firearms were used by people who could not access proper factory arms for one reason or another. Today I'm as the Sisak Municipal Museum looking at four different examples from specifically the Sisak area in Croatia. - [CZ's New P09 Nocturne: DA/SA Polymer Frame Now With Optics](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/czs-new-p09-nocturne-da-sa-polymer-frame-now-with-optics/) - https://youtu.be/UPGZ8PUMrNw CZ has just released their new P09 Nocturne pistols, an update to the previous P07/P09 pairing. These guns fundamentally go back to the classic CZ-75. While that was (and still is) a very popular design, military and police tenders more recently have required more modern elements. So in 2007 the P07 Duty was released; - [RT20: Croatia's Insane Kludged 20mm Anti-Material Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rt20-croatias-insane-kludged-20mm-anti-material-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/lcgLp45-AJU During its Homeland War, Croatia manufactured a wide variety of ad-hoc firearms including a number of anti-material rifles. The RT-20 was the largest of these, and its development began with the discovery of a stash of Yugoslav M55 anti-aircraft cannon barrels chambered for 20mm Hispano in a warehouse. These barrels were cut down, fitted - [SR3 Vikhr: Russian 9x39mm PDW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sr3-vikhr-russian-9x39mm-pdw/) - https://youtu.be/c8bbdBdm2jc The SR-3 Vikhr is mechanically based on the AS-VAL and VSS Vintorez rifles, but built to be a very compact personal defensive weapon instead of a silenced rifle. Still chambered for 9x39, the Vikhr is intended for roles like executive protection, where the priority is being compact and concealable. With elements like a top-folding - [OTs-14 Groza: Russia's Over-Hyped 9x39mm Spetznaz Bullpup](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ots-14-groza-russias-over-hyped-9x39mm-spetznaz-bullpup/) - https://youtu.be/BWw7posYab8 The 9x39mm cartridge was introduced in the final days of the Soviet Union as a subsonic round intended specifically for suppressed weapons. The first weapons developed for it were the AS Val and VSS Vintorez. These were followed in the early 1990s by the OTs-14 "Groza", developed by Valery Tells and Yuri Lebedev at - [History of SAW Use in the US Army](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/history-of-saw-use-in-the-us-army/) - https://youtu.be/E_lkOV7WmpM THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO WIN! https://go.getenteredtowin.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is TONIGHT 07/26/24 @ 11:59pm (PST). The first squad automatic weapon used by the US Army was the French Mle 1915 Chauchat, which was the primary LMG or automatic rifle for troops in the American Expeditionary Force in World War One. At that - [Spanish JoLoAr One-Handed Pistol at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/spanish-joloar-one-handed-pistol-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/c9JfodMKlBY Today for the monthly BackUp Gun Match I am using a Spanish JoLoAr pistol in .380 ACP. It's an interesting piece designed with a lever on the side that allows it to be cocked one-handed. It has no trigger guard or safety, a single-action-only firing mechanism, and a tip-up barrel. They were made in - [FN M249S Semiauto for Military Collectors](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fn-m249s-semiauto-for-military-collectors/) - https://youtu.be/kR6EiPh967I Get Entered to WIN this insane FN M249S! https://go.getenteredtowin.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 07/26/24 @ 11:59pm (PST). In 2015, FN USA introduced a Military Collector product line - semiautomatic versions of their military contract small arms. These were the M4, M16, and - most interestingly - the M249 SAW. The SAW is a version - [History of the Krummlauf Device: Hitler's Folly (One of Many)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/history-of-the-krummlauf-device-hitlers-folly-one-of-many/) - Today we are taking a look at the backstory of the famously recognizable Krummlauf device, the curved barrel attachment for the StG-44. It is really a perfect example of how German late-war desperation weapons took shape. It went from an idea nobody actually wanted to an impossible development program in the chaos of the German - [FN M249S SAW at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fn-m249s-saw-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/MoaidEpNb4Y Get Entered to WIN this insane FN M249S! https://go.getenteredtowin.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 07/26/24 @ 11:59pm (PST). We previously looked at the mechanics of FN's semiauto version of the US SAW, the M249S. Today we are taking it out to the range for some shooting... - [Sig P230JP: A Special Pistol for the Japanese Police](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sig-p230jp-a-special-pistol-for-the-japanese-police/) - https://youtu.be/KFJxSKlycwA The Japanese national police decided to replace their old Model 60 S&W revolvers in 1995. While traditionalist elements liked the use of a non-threatening compact revolver, others advocated for a modern sidearm - essentially a semiautomatic service pistol. Trials took place in 1995, and the SIG P230 in .32ACP was a compromise choice - - [Nova Modul CTS9: a 9mm AK Upgraded for Competition](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/nova-modul-cts9-a-9mm-ak-upgraded-for-competition/) - https://youtu.be/BwNSx0Q4AfM The CTS9 (Competition Tactical Shooting) is a 9x19mm AK variant made by Nova Modul in Romania. Specifically, in Cugir Romania - the same town that houses the massive small arms factory complex that made millions of small arms during the communist era. Nova Modul, despite being in the same city, is a much more - [Colt Service Model Ace: Carbine Williams Makes a .22 1911](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-service-model-ace-carbine-williams-makes-a-22-1911/) - https://youtu.be/35B3jWUFWWI "Carbine Williams", aka David Marshall Williams, has a reputation as the designer of the M1 Carbine, and a very colorful history. He was a moonshiner who pled guilty to second degree murder of a sheriff's deputy and served time in prison. He gained a reputation as a gunsmith in prison, fixing the department's guns - [Landstad 1900: A True Semiautomatic Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/landstad-1900-a-true-semiautomatic-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/YFtt-g2I0Ws The Landstad Model 1900 is a magazine-fed, semiautomatic revolver designed by Norwegian Halvard Folkestad Landstad, who lived in Kristiana (now called Oslo). He designed the gun on his own dime, and presented it to military trials in 1901, which it failed miserably. The gun has a six-round detachable box magazine of 7.5mm Nagant cartridges, - [M1911A1: America's Definitive World War Two Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1911a1-americas-definitive-world-war-two-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/vP8kFUgk1sU The United States adopted the M1911 pistol just in time for the First World War, and between Colt and Springfield Arsenal some 643,000 of these pistols were made by the end of 1918. During that production and the gun's field service in France, a number of potential improvements were recognized. They were put together - [The GI's Darling: M1911A1 at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-gis-darling-m1911a1-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/ga27WCCyDBk What more classic backup gun is there than the M1911A1, beloved by GIs as a backup to their M1 Carbines, M1 Garands, BARs, and tanks? Today I'm running an April 1945 production original military M1911A1 at the match. Note that this gun puts me in the "Big 5" division, so I have to start - [Handguns in the US Army in World War Two](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/handguns-in-the-us-army-in-world-war-two/) - https://youtu.be/yk0Nx_D121A Was the 1911 an emotional support totem or a viable combat weapon? Or both? American soldiers had a bit different take on handguns than soldiers of many other armies, and I think it stems from the American identity with the frontier - the Wild West was well within memory for many people when World - [Universal AK Optics Rail from KGM Consortium](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/universal-ak-optics-rail-from-kgm-consortium/) - https://youtu.be/p0uI8Y8N6FI At the IWA trade show earlier this year, a representative from the Polish KGM Consortium gave me a sample of a new AK optics rail to try out. This idea here was to create a universal optics mount for basically any AK/AKM/AK74 rifle that would be light, not require permanent modification, and not interfere - [CZ Bren 2 MS: The Civilian Version of a Modern Combat Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cz-bren-2-ms-the-civilian-version-of-a-modern-combat-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/oYWFGRt9klg CZ's Bren 2 is one of the more successful recently developed military service rifles, having been adopted by the Czech Republic and Hungary, as well as entering licensed production in Ukraine. The semiauto Bren 2 MS is a fine rifle on its own merits, but also offers an opportunity to build a near-perfect clone - [H&K USC: Civilian Version of the UMP Submachine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hk-usc-civilian-version-of-the-ump-submachine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/0eKfATGk-X4 Heckler & Koch introduced the UMP submachine gun as a successor to the MP5, with a particular focus on American law enforcement agencies (hence its initial development in .45 ACP). The UMP never has come close to the popularity of the MP5; it is a very basic polymer molded simple blowback SMG, albeit a - [Pump-Action AK: Romanian PAR-3 (How Not to be an "Assault Weapon")](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pump-action-ak-romanian-par-3-how-not-to-be-an-assault-weapon/) - https://youtu.be/ZB-dt42HmrY Between 1994 and 2004, there was a national "assault weapon" ban in place int he United States, along with some related importation restrictions on military-looking rifles. Most semiauto rifle importation continued by adjusting various cosmetic features to not fall under the provisions of the various rules, but at one point someone realized that hey, - [Tour of Sport Systems Dittrich: Reproduction WWII German Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tour-of-sport-systems-dittrich-reproduction-wwii-german-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/XN10HDr3Z_Y I recently had a chance to visit Sport Systeme Dittrich, a firm in Germany that manufactures high quality reproductions of German World War Two small arms. They were the manufacturers of the PTR-44 Sturmgewehr copies about 10 years ago, and they are now working with a US partner (DK Production Group) to import their - [How Companies Bend US Import Laws (An Example)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-companies-bend-us-import-laws-an-example/) - https://youtu.be/ny54YJ_t1kU Part of the 1968 Gun Control Act in the US put restrictions on importation of small handguns. These rules intended to protect US manufacturers and prevent people from having access to particularly inexpensive and concealable firearms, and these rules remain in place today. In particular, revolvers with barrels less than 3" long are prohibited - [The Axe in Viking Age Iceland: Both Weapon and Tool](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-axe-in-viking-age-iceland-both-weapon-and-tool/) - https://youtu.be/8tZmOhJjQwQ While I was in Iceland, I had an opportunity to visit the National Museum of Iceland and take a look at a couple of historic axes found on the island. Since these are really outside my area of expertise, two experts generously offered to join me on the video to help explain the history - [Kalthoff 30-Shot Flintlock: The First Repeating Firearm Used in War (1659)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kalthoff-30-shot-flintlock-the-first-repeating-firearm-used-in-war-1659/) - https://youtu.be/ghKrbNpqQoY The first repeating rifle used in combat by a military force was a flintlock system developed by the Kalthoff brothers. It was adopted in the 1640s by the Danish Royal Guard, who purchased a bit more than 100 of the guns, and used them successfully in the Siege of Copenhagen in 1659. The Kalthoff - [WF-54: The Swiss FG-42 Scaled up to 7.5x55](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/wf-54-the-swiss-fg-42-scaled-up-to-7-5x55/) - https://youtu.be/OJrcPi5ItKo After World War Two the Swiss needed a new self-loading military rifle to replace their K-31 bolt actions. Two major design tracks followed; one being a roller-delayed system based on the G3 at SIG and the other being a derivative of the German FG-42 at Waffenfabrik Bern. Bern, under the direction of Adolph Furrer, - [Hunting in Communist Romania: Nicolae Ceaușescu's Finnbear 61](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hunting-in-communist-romania-nicolae-ceausescus-finnbear-61/) - https://youtu.be/duMBSb6QNkY Nicolae Ceaușescu ruled România through much of its communist period, from 1967 until 1989. Ceaușescu was a passionate hunter, and owned more than 100 firearms, mostly for hunting. These included some gifts from foreign dignitaries, but also plenty of more humble examples. Under his rule, conservation was actually fairly well done in Romania, and - [Icelandic Swords: Blades of the Viking Frontier](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/icelandic-swords-blades-of-the-viking-frontier/) - https://youtu.be/aH2Zijvauu0 (Sorry for the messed-up framing at the beginning of the video!) While I was in Iceland, I had an opportunity to visit the National Museum of Iceland and take a look at a couple of settlement-era swords found on the island. Since these are really outside my area of expertise, two experts generously offered - [HK21 or Portuguese m/968: The H&K G3 Grows into a Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hk21-or-portuguese-m-968-the-hk-g3-grows-into-a-light-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/w0rOTsuENSI When Heckler & Koch produced the iconic G3 rifle, it was intended to be a parts of a complete small arms package. The G3 was the infantry rifle, and it was paired with the MP% submachine gun and the HK21 light machine gun for a complete set of weapons with the same manual of - [Type 63: China Makes an AK/SKS Hybrid](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-63-china-makes-an-ak-sks-hybrid/) - https://youtu.be/ba7mDVZYpSM Starting in 1960, China ran a program to develop an infantry rifle that would combine the accuracy of the SKS with the firepower of the AK. The result was the Type 63, which used the general layout of the SKS along with its short stroke gas piston and an SKS-like fire control system (with - [The Experimental SOE Welrod MkI Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-experimental-soe-welrod-mki-prototype/) - https://youtu.be/srAN5aMvNGY The Welrod was a program to develop a silent assassination pistol for British SOE (Special Operations Executive) late in 1942. It needed to be chambered in the .32 ACP cartridge, be effective to a range of 15m, and have its firing not recognizable as a firearm at 50m distance. The project was led by - [Makarov PB: Silenced KGB "Wet Work" Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/makarov-pb-silenced-kgb-wet-work-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/8J8rUpR0oXY In 1967, the Tula arsenal introduced a specialized silenced version of the Makarov for covert use. This was a very effective pistol, and its design was also very heavily changed from that of the regular pistol. With a two-part silencer surrounding the barrel, the recoil spring had to be moved to a location inside - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 2: The Modele 1874 Gras](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-2-the-modele-1874-gras/) - https://youtu.be/er0KPd8v-pE For the full episode with the hand loading instructional section, click here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/black-powder-episode-2-gras-app-cut Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so - [WF-51: A Swiss Intermediate-Cartridge Copy of the FG-42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/wf-51-a-swiss-intermediate-cartridge-copy-of-the-fg-42/) - https://youtu.be/HCXtUQkXlxY After World War Two the Swiss needed a new self-loading military rifle to replace their K-31 bolt actions. Two major design tracks followed; one being a roller-delayed system based on the G3 at SIG and the other being a derivative of the German FG-42 at Waffenfabrik Bern. Bern, under the direction of Adolph Furrer, - [Colt 608: The AR15 as a Pilot's Survival Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-608-the-ar15-as-a-pilots-survival-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/Tu3cZ3yUEzQ As part of its effort to build out the AR-15 family of small arms, Colt introduced the Model 608 in 1965. This was intended to be an aircraft survival rifle, able to pack disassembled into a small space with four 20-round magazines for use by the US Air Force. With a 10 inch barrel, - [Wieger 942: East Germany Makes a 5.56mm AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/wieger-942-east-germany-makes-a-5-56mm-ak/) - https://youtu.be/rX8Xo4I9p8o East Germany purchased a license for production of the AK-74 in 1981, but that license was for domestic use only. There was an apparent market for export production AKs in the western 5.56mm cartridge, and so the East Germans developed their own new rifle to fill that demand and bring in some much-desired hard - [Romanian Model 1879 Martini-Henry Rifles & Carbines](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanian-model-1879-martini-henry-rifles-carbines/) - https://youtu.be/gnGX5-0rhS0 Following its experience in the Russo-Turkish War, the Romanian Army was quite impressed by the Martini-Henry rifle in Turkish service. Unlike so many Western observers who were taken by the Winchester repeating rifles that actually didn't make much battlefield impact, the Romanians recognized the all-around quality of the Martini. So after the war when - [Cugir Model 92 "Dragana" Mauser: Hunting Rifles From MG34s](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cugir-model-92-dragana-mauser-hunting-rifles-from-mg34s/) - https://youtu.be/tjAfdtPlztk With the fall of communism in Romania, the Cugir Arsenal complex lost its government financial support. Looking for commercial products to sell to keeps its workers employed, the factory turned to producing hunting rifles for the domestic Romanian market. This was possible because the factory had a stock of spare parts for maintaining the - [Žiga from Polenar Tactical Reviews my Lynx Brutality AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ziga-from-polenar-tactical-reviews-my-lynx-brutality-ak/) - https://youtu.be/vb5oRNem7ow I decided to use a home-built Romanian AK for Lynx Brutality 2024. It began as a Romanian PM-63 AKM made at the Cugir factory complex in 1976, which was sold to the US about 20 years ago as a parts kit (with its original barrel at that time). I used a Nodak Spud receiver - [Shields, Ropes, and Cutting Wire: Lynx Brutality 2024 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shields-ropes-and-cutting-wire-lynx-brutality-2024-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/A-hby8WbPEk Polenar Tactical has done it again, setting the bar for Brutality matches with this year's Lynx Brutality. Held at the Lynx Pro Training Center outside Kočevje Slovenia, this year's match was 10 stages over two days. I used a Romanian PM63 AKM that I assembled myself with a PK-A com bloc red dot and - [My AK vs Cars, Kettlebells, & Fast Ropes: Lynx Brutality 2024 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-ak-vs-cars-kettlebells-fast-ropes-lynx-brutality-2024-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/yBWg734vrWs Polenar Tactical has done it again, setting the bar for Brutality matches with this year's Lynx Brutality. Held at the Lynx Pro Training Center outside Kočevje Slovenia, this year's match was 10 stages over two days. I used a Romanian PM63 AKM that I assembled myself with a PK-A com bloc red dot and - [LMT Ion-LT Suppressor: Multipurpose, Light, & Low Back-Pressure](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lmt-ion-lt-suppressor-multipurpose-light-low-back-pressure/) - https://youtu.be/T0E6JZ8vFgg LMT's new line of suppressors is designed for multi-purpose use in mind. The .30 caliber Ion 30 and Ion LT are rated for anything from .17 HMR to .300 Winchester Magnum, including automatic use. Both .30 and .22 caliber endocarps are available, and the mounting system is the standard Hub type. The company has - [Custom DeLisle: A .45ACP Mini-Mauser in Classic Sporting Lines](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/custom-delisle-a-45acp-mini-mauser-in-classic-sporting-lines/) - https://youtu.be/_tXbYk_sDuQ Today we are checking out a bespoke gunsmith's project; a DeLisle-inspired .45ACP Mauser built by Lars Rannstad Slang of Oslo. Using a commercial small-ring Mauser action, he fabricated a new bolt head, trigger guard, follower, and large aluminum mono-core suppressor to built a rifle that functions like a classic SOE DeLisle silenced carbine but - [Welrod .32 at the Range: British SOE's Silent Assassin's Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/welrod-32-at-the-range-british-soes-silent-assassins-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/LoWE8wiBtgU I had the chance to take a .32ACP Welrod MkII out to the range for a bit of shooting. These use a combination of baffles and rubber wipes, and the suppressor's effectiveness quickly drops from "fantastic" to merely "very good" after a few shots put a hole in the front wipe. This example already - [Fort 221: The Ukrainian Tavor TAR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fort-221-the-ukrainian-tavor-tar/) - https://youtu.be/LV6GUQ_bRgc In 2008, Ukrainian manufacturing conglomerate RPC Fort received a license from IMI to produce a variety of Israeli small arms, including the Tavor TAR and Tavor X95. In Fort's catalog, these were designated the Fort-221 (TAR) and Fort-224 (X95). A small number were allegedly produced for special forces, the Presidential Guard, and the Ukrainian - [AMD-65: The Specialist's AK Turns Standard-Issue](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/amd-65-the-specialists-ak-turns-standard-issue/) - https://youtu.be/shrFR5wSGkk Get your copy of "Rifles On The Danube" today! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=84e865 The Hungarian AMD-65 (Automata Módosított Deszantfegyver - "Modified Paratrooper Automatic Rifle") was requested first in 1964 because the standard AKM-63 rifles in Hungarian service were too long for a lot of troops. The Ministry of the Interior requested a new rifle 30% shorter and - [Hungarian Blast Machine: AMD-65 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hungarian-blast-machine-amd-65-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/x7c_TwVNtwI "Rifles on the Danube" Kickstarter is live! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=ewy77i Today I took my AMD-65 out to the range. I've shot regular AKMs with AMD muzzle brakes, but never had the chance to try the AMD-65 in its original proper configuration. And you know what? It's actually not bad, at least in short helpings. The brake - [SA-85S: FEG Adapts the Hungarian AK for American Import](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sa-85s-feg-adapts-the-hungarian-ak-for-american-import/) - https://youtu.be/sfCWDWgsXKk Get your copy of "Rifles On The Danube" today - only 2 days left! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=3cc2en Hungary began importing semiautomatic civilian versions of FÉG's AK-63D into the United States in the 1980s. As more restrictions were put on importation, the models had to change several times to remain legal. The pattern produced between 1990 and - [Full Auto Glock 18 at the Range: Can I Hit...Anything?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/full-auto-glock-18-at-the-range-can-i-hit-anything/) - https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/glock-18-range I've fired a number of different machine pistols, but until today never a Glock 18. So, we're going to give it a try! This is an original factory example, not a conversion. - [Cartridge History: The .451 Detonics Magnum is a Supercharged .45 ACP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cartridge-history-the-451-detonics-magnum-is-a-supercharged-45-acp/) - https://youtu.be/7a_grZQX1Ls Detonics was founded as a company in the 1970s, making high-end 1911 pistols. Their first product that really put them on the map was their 3" micro-compact 1911; something that just wasn't available on a production basis at the time. After the .45 Winchester Magnum cartridge was introduced in 1979, Detonics jumped at the - [Sten MkI & MkI*: The Original Plumber's Nightmare](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sten-mki-mki-the-original-plumbers-nightmare/) - https://youtu.be/Srm4Uz4awy0 The Sten gun was designed by RSAF Senior Draftsman (sorry, Draughtsman) Harold Turpin in December, 1940. He sketched out a simple trigger mechanism on December 2, showed it to Major Reginald Shepherd the next day, and then finished out the rest of the submachine gun design that week. The first prototype gun was completed - [Lynx Brutality 2024 Overview w/ Jari of Varusteleka](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lynx-brutality-2024-overview-w-jari-of-varusteleka/) - https://youtu.be/QfBXKogi08U Lynx Brutality 2024 is a wrap! Full match videos are coming in a couple days, but for now Jari and I will give you a brief overview of how the match went and what kit we used... - [PTR Vent Suppressor: 3D Printed Titanium Foam](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ptr-vent-suppressor-3d-printed-titanium-foam/) - https://youtu.be/UD_qBFWF2sw PTR's new "Vent" line of suppressors are a really cool use of new technology to better execute an old design concept. The idea is that forcing muzzle gasses through a porous material will work well to slow and cool them, providing good sound suppression. Back in the 1940s (through the 60s or 70s), this - [McCann Industries MAS 49/56 in the Elbonian Royal Air Service](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mccann-industries-mas-49-56-in-the-elbonian-royal-air-service/) - https://youtu.be/3b7lE0ET_Yg Elbonian Royal Air Service merch: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-royal-air-service-elbonia-t-shirt-cotton/78756 In the early 2000s, the Elbonian Royal Air Service was looking for an aerial interdiction rifle - something to arm snipers in dirigibles, for shooting down light aircraft and drones. In this, they were remarkably similar to a mission performed by French Army de l'Air snipers - and - [Last Day: Rifles of the Danube Discount & Special KS Edition!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/last-day-rifles-of-the-danube-discount-special-ks-edition/) - https://youtu.be/w1Ox0bgivws https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=64v2l6 Today is your last chance to join the preorder for Rifles on the Danube! Until the end of today, you can still join the Kickstarter for "Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian Kalashnikov Firearms 1959-2002". This is the last chance to get the discounted pre-order price, and to get the special Kickstarter cover. We - [Enjoying Black Powder Episode 1: The Trapdoor Springfield](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/enjoying-black-powder-episode-1-the-trapdoor-springfield/) - https://youtu.be/g3-ZWLSmgco For the full episode with the hand loading instructional section, click here: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/trapdoor-app-cut Black powder military rifles of the 1860s-1880s are a really enjoyable group of guns. A lot of them are relatively reasonably priced, and they are actually pretty easy to reload for. The unavailability of factory ammunition (for most, although not so - [Can I Shoot 1 MOA All Day? (Bloke/Polenar Challenge Accepted!)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/can-i-shoot-1-moa-all-day-bloke-polenar-challenge-accepted/) - https://youtu.be/PNlsahbKyFI Bloke on the Range Challenge Video: https://youtu.be/BM3SHvYosSs Bloke and Žiga have challenged us - and you! - to shoot a 1 MOA group on demand, with a non-benchrest sort of rifle. The idea is that a whole lot of people will happily insist that their regular hunting rifle will quite easily shoot 1 MOA - [AK-63F: Hungary's Last Military Kalashnikov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ak-63f-hungarys-last-military-kalashnikov/) - https://youtu.be/Jdq72rP3AsE Join our Kickstarter for "Rifles On The Danube" today and get your copy of the best book on Hungarian AKs! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=dioegq In 1978, as AMD-65 rifles in service were starting to get worn out, FÉG launched a program to refurbish the old original AKM-63 rifles with new wood furniture for new military service. Conversions - [Original US Military Machine Guns on the Civilian Market (w/ John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/original-us-military-machine-guns-on-the-civilian-market-w-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/7jZjjCdqRUY Today Ian is back with NFA specialist John Keene of the Morphy Auction Company to talk about US military machine guns. Specifically, how intact and original examples end up in the civilian market. Some models, like the Reising, as very easy to find in completely original condition (almost hard not to, really). Others, like - [MAGAL: A Galil in .30 Carbine for the Israeli Police](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/magal-a-galil-in-30-carbine-for-the-israeli-police/) - https://youtu.be/P5CgI1kPfdw In the early 1990s, Israeli Military Industries (IMI) developed the Galil MAR (Micro Assault Rifle) and the MAGAL at the same time. Both were intended to be very compact rifles, with the MAR in 5.56mm and the MAGAL specifically for police in .30 Carbine. The MAGAL offered the same handling and ergonomics as the - [Belton Repeating Flintlock: A Semiautomatic Rifle in 1785](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/belton-repeating-flintlock-a-semiautomatic-rifle-in-1785/) - https://youtu.be/_u2SzxLnxNg In 1785, Joseph Belton (an American inventor) and William Jover (an English gunmaker) sold 560 repeating flintlock rifles to the British East India Company. The guns were a very remarkable design which used a detachable magazine tube of 7 rounds stacked in series with a seven sequential touch holes. When the first round was - [Arsenal Strike One: Russian Police Pistol Comes to the West](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/arsenal-strike-one-russian-police-pistol-comes-to-the-west/) - https://youtu.be/ufPOpOV5i64 The Strike One pistol originated around 2011 as a collaboration between Nicola Bandini and Dimitry Streshinskiy as a pistol to replace the Makarov in Russian police use. By 2014 is was progressing very successfully through testing and trials, and had gained some international interest, and that's when (allegedly) bribery negotiations went badly and the - [Shooting Shaved Webley Revolvers (w/ Steinel Ammo)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shooting-shaved-webley-revolvers-w-steinel-ammo/) - https://youtu.be/NgjJTVTpKLY Steinel Ammunition has started making a rather niche new product, but one that I think is quite convenient: .45 ACP downloaded to .455 Webley pressure. This is for use in Webley revolvers that were shaved to use moon clips and .45 ACP when they were imported. This is a common modification done by importers - [Researching Hungarian Kalashnikovs: Interview with László Becz](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/researching-hungarian-kalashnikovs-interview-with-laszlo-becz/) - https://youtu.be/SKr0i5zAF5Q Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian Kalashnikov Firearms 1959-2002 is available now on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=ezuyuv Nic Jenzen-Jones, Director of Research for Headstamp Publishing, spent some time in Budapest speaking with László Becz, author of "Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian Kalashnikov Firearms 1959-2002". They talked about everything from the history of the FÉG factory to the - [PAM-2: Argentina's Improved 9mm Grease Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pam-2-argentinas-improved-9mm-grease-gun/) - https://youtu.be/b2ZMpVyXiWQ The Argentine factory FMAP-DGFM was first set up to produce a copy of the Colt 1911, and in 1954 they began production of the PAM-1 (after demonstration of the first prototype in 1950). The PAM-1 was a copy of the American M3A1 "Grease Gun" chambered for 9x19mm Parabellum. Production ran until 1961, at which - [Sten Mk5: The Cadillac of the Sten Family](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sten-mk5-the-cadillac-of-the-sten-family/) - https://youtu.be/DQm5tQmLxfs The Sten Mk5 (sometimes written Sten MkV) was really the Cadillac of the Sten series. It was designed in 1943, and featured a full wooden buttstock patterned after the No4 Enfield rifle, as well as a front sight abductor bayonet lugs for the Enfield. It has a wooden pistol grip as well (and early - [Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian Kalashnikovs - Headstamp's New Book!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles-on-the-danube-hungarian-kalashnikovs-headstamps-new-book/) - https://youtu.be/xFaQR6oyShI https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/rifles-on-the-danube?ref=1c2u2e Rifles on the Danube: Hungarian AK-Pattern Firearms, 1959–2002 At the end of the Second World War, Hungary was occupied by Soviet troops and soon fell into the Soviet sphere of influence, joining the Warsaw Pact in 1955. Like most other socialist countries behind the Iron Curtain, Hungary would soon be producing domestic copies - [What is a Battle Rifle?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/what-is-a-battle-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/hH4LcxFY3tY "Battle rifle" is not a formally recognized term like "assault rifle", but it is widely used, and I think it has a lot of utility. It is intended to differentiate between intermediate-caliber and full-power military rifles, and to that end I propose these four criteria to define a "battle rifle": 1 - A military - ['Murican 2-Gun: M1918A3 BAR and M1911A1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/murican-2-gun-m1918a3-bar-and-m1911a1/) - https://youtu.be/W6jvBlYuWaE Today I'm taking a brand new Ohio Ordnance M1918A3 semiauto BAR to the 2-gun match, along with a Tisas M1911A1 clone. The BAR is the WW2 configuration, but I followed the footsteps of many a US GI and took off the bipod (and it didn't come with a carry handle). That reduces the weight - [Colt Automatic Machine Rifle Model 1919: the First Commercial BAR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-automatic-machine-rifle-model-1919-the-first-commercial-bar/) - https://youtu.be/nxHN4AINawc Several patents were taken out on the BAR during World War One, but they were all kept unpublished and secret during the war. Just days after the Armistice, Colt patent attorney CJ Ehbets wrote to the US Patent Office requesting release of the secrecy restrictions. They responded just two days later sending formal publication - [So You Want to Design Guns? You Need This Book.](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/so-you-want-to-design-guns-you-need-this-book/) - https://youtu.be/It_GNSjjc9M "Firearm Anatomy Book III: The Remington Double Derringer" by David S. Findlay Available through Amazon: https://amzn.to/4daGdYy David S. Findlay is a firearms designer with extensive experience - a decades-long career in the field working for Remington, Marlin, S&W, and Kimber and two dozen patents to his name. In this, the third book of his - [Glock 46: A Revolutionary Design Change](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/glock-46-a-revolutionary-design-change/) - https://youtu.be/YPBX1XUtxdE Except for the .22 rimfire Glock 44, all the pistols from the Austrian powerhouse Glock have shared the same fundamental mechanical system. They use the Browning tilting-barrel action, which has been long proven by many companies. With the Glock 46, however, they completely changed, and opted for a short recoil, rotating barrel design. The - [.30-06 M1918 American Chauchat - Doughboys Go to France](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/30-06-m1918-american-chauchat-doughboys-go-to-france/) - https://youtu.be/t-iI-oOey7M When the US entered World War One, the country had a grand total of 1,453 machine guns, split between 4 different models. This was not a useful inventory to equip even a single division headed for France, and so the US had to look to France for automatic weapons. In June 1917 Springfield Armory - [S&W M1917: A US Army revolver in .45 ACP](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sw-m1917-a-us-army-revolver-in-45-acp/) - https://youtu.be/nlL02DkCaZM When the United States entered World War One, it had a significant shortfall in military handguns. The M1911 pistol production was expanded as much as possible, but more guns were needed. Both Colt and Smith & Wesson adapted revolver designs to Army standard .45 ACP ammunition, and both were accepted into service as the - [Kord: Russia's New .50 Cal Heavy Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kord-russias-new-50-cal-heavy-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/MYk_a9WAuW4 The Kord was developed to replace the Soviet NSV heavy machine gun. The NSV was developed in 1969 to replace the DShK, and it was a pretty good gun - but it was manufactured in only one factory and that factory was located in Kazakhstan. When the Soviet Union crumbled, that left the new - [Sten MkIII: A Children's Toy Company Makes SMGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sten-mkiii-a-childrens-toy-company-makes-smgs/) - https://youtu.be/W0qlOOE8G_k Lines Brothers was a company in the UK that made sheet metal childrens' toys prior to the war. When production of the Sten guns began, Lines Bros was a parts subcontractor. Their engineers analyzed the design alongside the machinery the company had available and redesigned a version of the Sten that they could make - [MACS M2: Croatian Anti-Material .50 Cal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/macs-m2-croatian-anti-material-50-cal/) - https://youtu.be/0OAdEfI9f3g Among the many firearms designed and built in Croatia under the duress of the Homeland War was the MACS M2, a single-shot anti-material rifle chambered for .50 BMG. Designed by an engineer named Jankovic, these were in the field with Croatian units starting in 1994, and were used effectively in Operation Storm in 1995. - [Romania's AK-Based SMG: the LP7](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanias-ak-based-smg-the-lp7/) - https://youtu.be/dw6o0di0AaQ Full cut with shooting segment in History of Weapons & War: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/lp7-smg-4k In the mid 1990s, UMC Cugir began looking at ways to adapt its AKM production tooling to make a 9mm submachine gun. What would become the LP7 was first prototyped in 1998, and went into limited production in 2003, with an order - [Sten MkII: Just When You Thought It Couldn't Get Simpler](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sten-mkii-just-when-you-thought-it-couldnt-get-simpler/) - https://youtu.be/u7rNGBW-EXc The Sten MkI had barely been approved for production when the Sten MkII was born. Initially requested to produce a version of the gun suitable for paratroopers, in March 1941 Harold Turpin redesigned the front end of the Sten to have a quickly detachable barrel and a rotating magazine well (for compact storage). This - [Clockwork Basilisk - The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/clockwork-basilisk-the-early-revolvers-of-elisha-collier-and-artemas-wheeler/) - https://youtu.be/KCSjM2Qd2_4 Available now at: http://www.headstamppublishing.com/collier-book Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier & Artemas Wheeler reveals the first attempt to put a multi-shot firearm in the hands of the common soldier and sportsman. This novel device—patented in America in 1818 by Artemas Wheeler—was taken to England by his partner, Elisha Collier, to be trialed - [Rupertus Pepperbox: A Sophisticated 8-Shot Rimfire Pocket Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rupertus-pepperbox-a-sophisticated-8-shot-rimfire-pocket-gun/) - https://youtu.be/e9FzaP2fBd0 The Rupertus Patent Pistol Manufacturing Company was founded in Philadelphia by Bavarian-born Jacob Rupertus. The company made a variety of derringers, pepperboxes, and revolvers and today we are looking at an 8-shot, .22 rimfire pepperbox patented by Rupertus in 1864. It’s a tiny civilian pocket gun, and one that seems to be well made - [The Truth Behind the One Chinese Red Dot Factory](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-truth-behind-the-one-chinese-red-dot-factory/) - https://youtu.be/oQkw521gR7A At SHOT Show this year Ian took some time to speak with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics (formerly of Primary Arms and Swampfox). Mike's a friend and a true optics nerd, and I figured he could help give folks an understanding of some of the fundamentals of modern firearms optics. Today the topic of - [New Reproduction Colt 4x AR-15 Scope by Brownells](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-reproduction-colt-4x-ar-15-scope-by-brownells/) - https://youtu.be/E721QaYrNZs In the 1970s and 80s, Colt offered a 4x20 fixed power scope for its commercial AR (the SP-1). These replaced the earlier 3x scopes, and were designed to fit directly to the rifle's carry handle. They are a simple design, with a duplex reticle, BDC calibrated out to 500 yards in 100 yard increments, - [Blk Lbl Integrated Handguard/Bipod for the Q Fix](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/blk-lbl-integrated-handguard-bipod-for-the-q-fix/) - https://youtu.be/pfShhFbyC04 Ever since I first saw Blk Lbl at SHOT Show many years ago I've really liked their handguard-integrated bipods. They are completely slick and unobtrusive when folded up, but offer a good range of motion, stability, and adjustability when deployed, while being lighter than all but the lightest polymer detachable bipods when combined with - [Daly Arms "Tom Thumb" - A Tiny Ring-Trigger Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/daly-arms-tom-thumb-a-tiny-ring-trigger-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/RXy-PMPmZ_8 The "Tom Thumb" is a tiny .22 rimfire revolver made in Belgium by an unknown shop and imported into the US to be sold by the Daly Arms Company of New York. These are antique guns, probably made in the 1870s or 1880s, chambered for the original black powder .22 rimfire cartridge. There are - [Tanegashima: Guns of the Samurai](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tanegashima-guns-of-the-samurai/) - https://youtu.be/fRLIYz8f58E The first Japanese exposure to firearms came from Portuguese traders in 1534, as the southern Japanese island of Tanegashima. They received a matchlock, and quickly recognized its utility and potential - within 10 years matchlocks were in significant production in Japan. The style of gun took hold nationally, and they became known collectively as - [What is the Best Maxim Gun? (with John Keene)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/what-is-the-best-maxim-gun-with-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/bE7CXpC2oXk Today, Ian is talking to John Keene, NFA specialist for Morphy Auctions. The question is, what is the best model of Maxim gun? Whether it's for a recreation shooter or a historical enthusiast, there are some models that are better than others... - [MG08: The Devil's Paintbrush](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mg08-the-devils-paintbrush/) - https://youtu.be/XF0_UwP0H90 The MG08 was the German Army standard Maxim gun in World War One. The Germany Navy adopted the Maxim first in 1894, followed by the Army in 1899, then a new pattern in 1901, and finally the MG08 in 1908. This was actually a somewhat old-fashioned pattenr of Maxim when it was adopted, as - [A Guns to Save Lives: Winchester 1886 Line Thrower](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-guns-to-save-lives-winchester-1886-line-thrower/) - https://youtu.be/DR9BHYmeeEA Line-throwing devices have long been an important part of maritime safety, and many different have been guns adapted to launch ropes from shore to ship or ship to ship. Usually they are inexpensive obsolete surplus of the era, but a change in law in 1918 led to a spike in demand for line-throwers in - [MG11: The Magnificent Swiss Maxim Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mg11-the-magnificent-swiss-maxim-gun/) - https://youtu.be/1DKeKAMCPVs The Swiss were one of the first countries to test Hiram Maxim’s new automatic machine gun in 1887, and they found it far superior to their just-recently-purchased Gardner guns. The first Swiss maxims were delivered in 1889, and the country came back three more times for newer models. The MG94 was the first major - [How to Avoid the Legal Pitfalls of a Transferrable H&K Auto Sear](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-to-avoid-the-legal-pitfalls-of-a-transferrable-hk-auto-sear/) - https://youtu.be/2qh0lNfifiQ One of the particularly popular transferrable machine guns out there is the H&K auto sear. Since H&K grip and trigger assemblies are interchangeable between 9mm, 5.56mm, and 7.62x51mm guns (ie, MP5, HK33, and G3) a single registered full-auto grip assembly can allow someone to effectively have three machine guns for the price of one - [Maxims in the Skies: the German LMG 08/15](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/maxims-in-the-skies-the-german-lmg-08-15/) - https://youtu.be/jwiMiVXN0Dw As soon as the MG08/15 "light" machine gun was adopted by Germany, it was recognized as an ideal basis for an aircraft gun. Weight was of the essence for WW1 aircraft, and a lightened Maxim was just the thing to use. So the Spandau Arsenal began producing the LMG08/15 (the "L" in which might - [M14: America’s Worst Service Rifle - What Went Wrong?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-americas-worst-service-rifle-what-went-wrong/) - https://youtu.be/pL-dLeWvbss While the US never adopted a significant variation of the M1 Garand (excluding sniper models), testing continued on new iterations and features throughout the war. By the time the war ended, the US military had some specific ideas about what it wanted in a new service rifle. That being, something lighter, capable of automatic - [Type 100 / 44 (Late Pattern) Japanese SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-100-44-late-pattern-japanese-smg/) - https://youtu.be/cyIcPl7sQUg The Japanese never really embraced submachine guns during and before World War Two. A series of development programs in the 1920s and 30s led nowhere, and there never really seems to have been much motivation behind them. Some small batches of guns were purchased from abroad for units like the Special Naval Landing Force, - [Lugers in Thailand: The Siamese Artillery Luger](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lugers-in-thailand-the-siamese-artillery-luger/) - https://youtu.be/GUN_sJcMZ6c In 1936 and 1937, Siam purchased a batch of several hundred new Luger pistols for the Bangkok Police, including 100 long-barreled lP08 Artillery Lugers. These were new production gun, but made with surplus WW1-era barrels, sights, and stocks. The Siamese serial numbers range from 3450v to 3553v. The guns are standard Mauser production, all - [M1 Thompson: Savage Simplifies the SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-thompson-savage-simplifies-the-smg/) - https://youtu.be/vQayrLxI-qo The Thompson submachine gun struggled to find a market when it was originally produced, with the first batch of 15,000 Colt-made guns not finally all selling until the late 1930s. By that time, the clouds of war were gathering, and demand for submachine guns finally began to really grow. The US military had some - [Chinese Type 50 PPSh: Founding “Gun City” in Manchuria](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-type-50-ppsh-founding-gun-city-in-manchuria/) - https://youtu.be/a1piObkIr2U One of the first new weapons adapted and used by the Chinese Peoples’ Liberation Army after the Communist victory in the Chinese civil war was the Type 50, a copy of the Soviet PPSh-41. The story of its manufacture begins at the Japanese occupied Mukden Arsenal. It was briefly occupied by the Soviets in - [BUG Match Pickelhaube Edition: German 1883 Reichsrevolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bug-match-pickelhaube-edition-german-1883-reichsrevolver/) - https://youtu.be/xQV-tRUaBj8 Today I took a Model 1883 Reichsrevolver out to the monthly BackUp Gun Match. This is an 1894-manufactured gun (made at the Erfurt Arsenal). It is a single action only, six-shot revolver chambered for the 10.6mm German Ordnance cartridge. The first type of Reichsrevolver was adopted by the young German Empire in 1879, with - [THEY ACTUALLY DID IT! And it's not an April Fool's Joke....](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/they-actually-did-it-and-its-not-an-april-fools-joke/) - https://youtu.be/lfXe65I9jYI https://www.varusteleka.com/en/category/forgotten-weapons-merchandise/2852 We talked about making actual IanPat camo, but I wasn't really sure that Varusteleka would have the hutzpah to actually do it...but they did! And it's actually real! They made a whole order of custom IanPat camo material and made it into L4 Field Jackets, L4 Combat Pants, and Boonie Hats. With all - [Boombox / Clarion Thermal at MOGO24: Zee Goggles! Zey Do Nuthink!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/boombox-clarion-thermal-at-mogo24-zee-goggles-zey-do-nuthink/) - https://youtu.be/_8zmkuQX-sg For my Passive Division run during the staff match portion of Moons Out Goons Out 2024, I used a borrowed prototype Boombox from Q, with an AGM Clarion thermal scope. The Boombox is essentially a Honey Badger scaled up to AR10 size, chambered for 8.6mm Blackout. With a 12" barrel and Porq Chop suppressor, - [Finland's Prototype Belt-Fed GPMG: L41 Sampo](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finlands-prototype-belt-fed-gpmg-l41-sampo/) - https://youtu.be/QYWwyzEt-hc During the 1930s, there was interest in Finland in replacing the Maxim heavy machine gun with something handier and more mobile. There were experiments with large drum magazines for the LS-26 light machine gun, but these were not satisfactory. Aimo Lahti began to work on a gas-operated GPMG, but lack of funding and competing - [Romania Copies the Jericho: Cugir Models 95 & 98](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romania-copies-the-jericho-cugir-models-95-98/) - https://youtu.be/rFZrg3HiOIw By the end of communism in Romania in 1989, the standard service pistols for the army and police were still the old Tokarevs and the Cugir Model 74 "Carpați" Walther PP copy. These were obviously outdated, and as it moved more towards the West, the Romanian military wanted a modern handgun. In 1992 they - [Model 74 "Carpati": Cugir's Romanian Walther Clone](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/model-74-carpati-cugirs-romanian-walther-clone/) - https://youtu.be/N40I3D_hTe8 The Model 74 "Carpați" is a copy of the Walther PP made by the Cugir factory in Romania. The project began at the direction of the Romanian secret police, who delivered a worn out Walther to the factory in 1972 with a request that they produce a domestic copy. Work on the design took - [Bonus: Ian's Boombox Shootoff with Mitch from Q](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bonus-ians-boombox-shootoff-with-mitch-from-q/) - https://youtu.be/J0yUkugaD6E Mitch, design engineer at Q, challenged me to a shutoff at Moons Out Goons Out 2024. If I win, I get a Boombox from Q. If he wins, I have to embarrass myself on the internet. Sounds like a risk worth taking! The Boombox is essentially a Honey Badger scaled up to SR25 magwell - [Fundamentals of LPVOs: Cheap vs Expensive](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fundamentals-of-lpvos-cheap-vs-expensive/) - https://youtu.be/cX4N4YHY2JU At SHOT Show this year I took some time to speak with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics (formerly of Primary Arms and Swampfox). Mike's a friend and a true optics nerd, and I figured he could help give folks an understanding of some of the fundamentals of modern firearms optics. Today, we are talking - [Hi-Point / MAWL at MOGO24: Wheels Come Off the Struggle Bus](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hi-point-mawl-at-mogo24-wheels-come-off-the-struggle-bus/) - https://youtu.be/OgcJzFJ8AhA For my Active Division run during the staff match portion of Moons Out Goons Out 2024, I set up a 9mm Hi-Point carbine with a BE Meyers MAWL last unit. Great laser; terrible gun. My hypothesis was that the gun itself didn't really matter so long as it was reliable and accurate enough to - [Moons Out Goons Out 2024 Overview: Yeah, I Ran a Hi-Point](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/moons-out-goons-out-2024-overview-yeah-i-ran-a-hi-point/) - https://youtu.be/D3u3sy_31zk Last weekend we ran Moons Out Goons Out 2024, a night rifle match presented by Tactical Night Vision Company at the Echo Valley Training Center. The match was a fantastic success, and I figured I'd give you some overview takeaways to the whole event before posting my complete stages runs later this week. I - [Why Don't We Have Top-Loading Shotguns?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/why-dont-we-have-top-loading-shotguns/) - https://youtu.be/ZDyH03Whemw When I posted some video of the real-life Halo M90 shotgun, one of the most common questions I got was, "why don't we have top-loading shotguns like that?" Well, it's an intriguing question...so let's see if we can find the answer. - [Inside the Trigger Mechanism of the Real-Life Halo M90 Shotgun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/inside-the-trigger-mechanism-of-the-real-life-halo-m90-shotgun/) - https://youtu.be/0T3SgJDx-M4 The real-life Halo M90 shotgun I featured previously was actually built on a left-handed 870 Wingmaster. When I did the Christmas "historical" video about it, I didn't show the actual internal mechanics, and I figured some of you folks would be interested to see how the trigger was relayed from the top of the - [Presenting Guns in Video Games w/ Jonathan Ferguson](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/presenting-guns-in-video-games-w-jonathan-ferguson/) - https://youtu.be/92O8DX106ss Today I am joined by Johnathan Ferguson, Keeper of Firearms and Artillery at the Royal Armories in the UK, which houses a collection of thousands of iconic weapons from throughout history. We're talking about the representation of firearms in modern video games, in particular the changes in names and likenesses between games and the - [Skeet with the M90 Shotgun From Halo (What Could Go Wrong?)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/skeet-with-the-m90-shotgun-from-halo-what-could-go-wrong/) - https://youtu.be/GXAUsT2g-wU Today is my last chance to take the Halo M90 out for a fun day at the range...so why not make it the worst possible application for this sort of shotgun? - [Book Review: Vickers Guide H&K Volume 2 (SMG & PDW)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-vickers-guide-hk-volume-2-smg-pdw/) - https://youtu.be/xUqkbGrlBjQ Available direct from Vickers Guide: https://www.vickersguide.com/hk-vol-2 Or from Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase?tag=hkv2 About a year ago Larry Vickers and James Rupley published the first volume of a series on H&K firearms, beginning with handguns. After some extensive additional photography (part of which I was happy to be able to help out with), they have now - [Announcing my Newest Book! Small Arms of WW2: Soviet Union](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-my-newest-book-small-arms-of-ww2-soviet-union/) - https://youtu.be/cA1t9jfUIe8 Preorders are open now! http://www.headstamppublishing.com/ For European orders, save on shipping by ordering here: https://www.headstampbook.com I'm very excited to announce my newest book: Small Arms of WWII - Soviet Union! This is the second volume in our Headstamp series of World War Two arms (the first was the United States). It's approximately 500 pages - [Romanian Berthier Carbine Conversions](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanian-berthier-carbine-conversions/) - https://youtu.be/b3ZIj5LMsl0 Romanian had more than a million rifles in its inventory after World War One, but they were mused between Mannlicher 88/90, Mannlicher 95, Mosin Nagant, and Berthier patterns - and they were almost all rifles and not carbines. In order to make practical use of all these arms, it was decided to allocate them - [Last-Minute Registration for Moons Out Goons Out](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/last-minute-registration-for-moons-out-goons-out/) - If you wanted to join us for Moons Out Goons Out (our no-white-light night match next weekend in West Virginia), we have just opened up a few remaining slots. We had a couple competitors who had to drop out, and a few match sponsors who are not going to be sending shooters, so those spaces - [Gilboa Snake: Is the Double-AR Really so Dumb?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gilboa-snake-is-the-double-ar-really-so-dumb/) - https://youtu.be/04Ca49ywmFE The Gilboa Snake is an Israeli rifle (from the same designer behind the Cornershot) that essentially combines two standard ARs into a single unit. In its civilian configuration it has two of every part - barrels, bolts (mirrored, so one ejects left and the other right), triggers, buffers, etc. In its military setup, the - [Prototype Matra Manurhin Compact SMG at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-matra-manurhin-compact-smg-at-the-range/) - https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/matra-manurhin-smg-at-the-range I came across this prototype (serial number 7) PDW/compact SMG in a collection, and had the opportunity to take it out to try on the range. I don't have any specific data about it, but it was made by Matra Manurhin, which only existed for 5 years, from 1985 until 1990. This was part - [Q&A With Jonathan Ferguson of the British Royal Armouries](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-with-jonathan-ferguson-of-the-british-royal-armouries/) - https://youtu.be/ZmO-NDLEC5A Today I am joined by Jonathan Ferguson, Keeper of Firearms and Artillery at the British Royal Armouries for a Q&A session, with questions provided by the fine folks who support Forgotten Weapons on Patreon... 1:02 - Would the L85A1 have been better if Enfield wasn't being privatized while it was in production? 3:22 - - [M91/30 PU Sniper at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m91-30-pu-sniper-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/I7dFla97ibk Today we are out at the range with a 1943 Izhevsk M91/30 PU sniper rifle to see how it shoots... For more, check out the 9 Hole Reviews video taking a 91/30 PU on their full 800m course of fire: https://youtu.be/L3_C8ecgYLY - [Mosin 91/30 PU: Soviet Standard WW2 Sniper's Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mosin-91-30-pu-soviet-standard-ww2-snipers-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/cJH1ymHQ2q4 The Mosin M91/30 PU is the most recognized Soviet sniper rifle of World War Two, but it was not their first. It was preceded by the Model 1931 PE, the Model 1936 PEM, and also the scoped version of the SVT-40 semiautomatic rifle. The SVT was intended to become a universal infantry rifle as - [Everything Wrong with the Sniper Rifles in "Enemy at the Gates”](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/everything-wrong-with-the-sniper-rifles-in-enemy-at-the-gates/) - https://youtu.be/RKKtztSwf5Y One of the very few blockbuster American movies about the Eastern Front in World War Two is Enemy at the Gates, a film about the Soviet sniper Vasily Zaitsev. The movie is based around a duel between Zaitsev and the fictional German sniper Erwin König during the Battle of Stalingrad. There are lots of - [Prototype Czech Silencer-Ready vz70](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-czech-silencer-ready-vz70/) - https://youtu.be/fEHZqQNTBWA Courtesy of CZ and their reference library, we are looking at a prototype model of the vz.70 pistol intended to use a suppressor. It has an extended and threaded (with interrupted threads for quick attach/detach) barrel, and a mechanism to allow for locking the slide. This will prevent the slide from cycling, thus reducing - [The Bosnian Full-Auto SKS with AK Mags](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-bosnian-full-auto-sks-with-ak-mags/) - https://youtu.be/rU9vl7pZeWA During the Balkan Wars, a great many oddball guns were built and used. One of them was a Bosnian conversion of the Yugoslav M59/66 SKS to have a select-fire trigger and to use modified detachable AK magazines. These are extremely rare today, as only a few of them (probably a dozen at most) came - [Intro to Prism Scopes: What are they Anyway?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/intro-to-prism-scopes-what-are-they-anyway/) - https://youtu.be/78EtShVhVBQ At SHOT Show this year I took some time to speak with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics (formerly of Primary ands and Swampfox). Mike's a friend and a true optics nerd, and I figured he could help give folks an understanding of some of the fundamentals of modern firearms optics. Today, we are going - [Electrolux Charlton: Washing Machine Company Converts Bolt Action to Semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/electrolux-charlton-washing-machine-company-converts-bolt-action-to-semiauto/) - https://youtu.be/iMKwDHPkRLw The Charlton was a conversion of a bolt action Lee rifle into a light machine gun, designed by New Zealander Phillip Charlton. Some 1500 were made in New Zealand, but a bit later it appears that there was an effort to also produce the gun in Australia. The Electrolux company (the same one that - [Zagi: Croatia HK's a Sten Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zagi-croatia-hks-a-sten-gun/) - https://youtu.be/AM8phkYffPI The Zagi is one of the more prolific of the Croatian homeland War submachine guns. It was developed with the intention of making substantial numbers, and a lot of capital was put into the PHTO (First Croatian Arms Factory, or Prva Hrvatska Tvornica Oružja) for its manufacture. This included polymer molding tools to produce - [Patchett Machine Carbine MkI: Sten Becomes Sterling](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/patchett-machine-carbine-mki-sten-becomes-sterling/) - https://youtu.be/ucY4_p82vIA The Patchett Machine Carbine Mk I is the predecessor to the Sterling SMG. It was developed by George William Patchett, who was an employee of the Sterling company. At the beginning of the war, Sterling was making Lanchester SMGs, and Patchett began in 1942 working on a new design that was intended to be - [Two World Wars: Finnish C96 "Ukko-Mauser"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/two-world-wars-finnish-c96-ukko-mauser/) - https://youtu.be/RcmixvUp_TU A decent number of C96 Mauser pistols were present in Finland's civil war, many of them coming into the country with the Finnish Jaegers, and others from a variety of sources, commercial and Russian. They were used by both the Reds and the Whites, and in both 9x19mm and 7.63x25mm. After the end of - [Early Development of the MAC 1950 Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-development-of-the-mac-1950-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/IlKq1xbKhto Today we have a short look at two of the predecessors of the French MAC 1950 service pistol. The first is the Type SE MAS 1948, which retains many of the characteristics of the previous MAS 1935 pistols. After that is a preproduction MAC 1950 (serial number F 20), which has the same style - [Denmark's m/75: A Lease-to-Own Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/denmarks-m-75-a-lease-to-own-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/TwwOA6YYoeE Denmark's adoption of the H&K G3 is a rather odd story. First off, the Danes adopted the m/66 H&K as its sniper/DMR rifle in 1966, while retaining the M1 Garand as its standard service rifle. Not until 1973 do they decide to update the M1s, and when they do a. major rifle test, the - [Tale of a Heroic Sailor: Ensign Stannus' M1911A1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tale-of-a-heroic-sailor-ensign-stannus-m1911a1/) - https://youtu.be/eQLwH88YGfY Robert "Dickie" Stannus was , in technical terms, a total stud. So much so that he was awarded an inscribed M1911A1 directly by Colt as a prize for being the top sailor in his Naval Academy class. He got the privilege of choosing what ship he would be assigned to, and chose the USS - [HK43: The 5.56mm "Paramilitary" Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hk43-the-5-56mm-paramilitary-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/d--QGNan9Lg Before the H&K 90 series of rifles - the civilian semiautomatic versions - existed, there was the 40-series; the paramilitary rifles. Originally intended for German reservist purchase, the HK41 and HK43 were G3 and HK33 rifles made in semiautomatic only configuration. In the early 1970s, these were fairly easy for a German member of - [Snipers Before Infantry: the Danish m/66 Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/snipers-before-infantry-the-danish-m-66-sniper/) - https://youtu.be/T_KdJyK3q-w The Danes adopted the M1 Garand after World War Two, and continued using it as their standard service rifle all the way until 1975 - and alongside it they used the M1D as a sniper or DMR rifle. The Danish Home Guard decided to upgrade those M1D rifles in the 1960s, however, and looked - [Cheap vs Expensive Red Dots: What's the Difference?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cheap-vs-expensive-red-dots-whats-the-difference/) - https://youtu.be/Y7C9JWIjP6U At SHOT Show this year I took some time to speak with Mike Branson of Gideon Optics (formerly of Primary ands and Swampfox). Mike's a friend and a true optics nerd, and I figured he could help give folks an understanding of some of the fundamentals of modern firearms optics. Today, we are going - [Token of Appreciation: a Presentation Sokac SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/token-of-appreciation-a-presentation-sokac-smg/) - https://youtu.be/9WGobyZVw58 The Šokac was one of the more prolific Croatian domestic submachine guns of the Homeland War. This particular example is one that was specifically presented to the police chief of the town of Slavonsky Brod (the town where the guns were made). It is a mid-range production example, with the polymer lower house (instead - [Now Available: VHS-2 w/ 20-inch Barrel (aka Springfield Hellion)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/now-available-vhs-2-w-20-inch-barrel-aka-springfield-hellion/) - https://youtu.be/RD9BxU1-qB8 Springfield Armory is now importing a version of the the VHS-2 bullpup (commercially named the Hellion here in the US) with a 20-inch barrel. This is the barrel length used in the most common military pattern of the rifle, the VHS-2D. In addition, Springfield's semiauto configuration has the proper military muzzle device, barrel rings - [PSA "Spiker": A Clone of the Chinese Type 56 AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/psa-spiker-a-clone-of-the-chinese-type-56-ak/) - https://youtu.be/1U4X3dxif38 Palmetto State Armory (PSA) makes a really wide variety of different guns, but one that they came out with a little while back that appealed to me in particular is their "Spiker". This is a reproduction of the Chinese Type 56 stamped AK with a permanently attached underfolding bayonet. These rifles were available as - [Armi Jager AP85: An Italian .22 Rimfire Faux-MAS](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/armi-jager-ap85-an-italian-22-rimfire-faux-mas/) - https://youtu.be/OJsLDufnSxI Armi Jager was an Italian arms-making company that was created in the early 1950s by Armando Piscetta. He initially made .22 rimfire sporting rifles, then transitioned into making Old West style revolvers, and in the 1970s began offering a series of military lookalikes (he was also heavily involved inn development of the 9x12mm pistol - [Update: Clockwork Basilisk Books on the Way!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/update-clockwork-basilisk-books-on-the-way/) - https://youtu.be/uG2UZubzZA8 Want to help us cover our extra shipping costs? All of Headstamp Publishing's books are available at: https://www.headstamppublishing.com If you have changed addresses since ordering Clockwork Basilisk, please head over to Backerkit now to update your information. This article will show you how: https://help.backerkit.com/article/638-how-do-i-update-my-shipping-address Thanks for your patience with us on this project! Clockwork - [USAS-12 at the Range (w/ the Fun Switch)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/usas-12-at-the-range-w-the-fun-switch/) - https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/usas-12-at-the-range-w-the-fun-switch The USAS-12, made by Daewoo in South Korea, is one of the better box-fed shotguns available (I use that term loosely; there are not that many of them around). It was available as both a semiauto and a fully automatic model - although the semiautos were arbitrarily defined as Destructive Devices in 1994, and - [DSA's Modernized Mini-RPD at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dsas-modernized-mini-rpd-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/o5UzLsGyKZk Full video available at all of these sites: History of Weapons & War Patreon Playeur Floatplane Today I am at the range with one of DSA's mini-RPDs. The RPD is a nearly 80-year-old design (doesn't that make you feel old!) and a really good candidate for modernization. DSA made a whole bunch of improvements - [The Manda: Croatia's Minimalist .50 BMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-manda-croatias-minimalist-50-bmg/) - https://youtu.be/o_mbYD81D4g The Manda is a rifle that was designed for the Croatian Special Police at the beginning of the Homeland War in 1991. At that point, the Special Police (basically the SWAT teams) were basically the only really well-trained fighters in the country with combat experience. They wanted .50 BMG anti-material rifles for the war - [Chauchat Challenge Ep.3: Jari Laine of Varusteleka - now on HOWW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chauchat-challenge-ep-3-jari-laine-of-varusteleka-now-on-howw/) - https://youtu.be/G417HgWUcNk Available exclusively on History of Weapons & War: https://forgottenweapons.vhx.tv/videos/jari-chauchat-final-4k Sign up for a free one-week trial of the History of Weapons & War app, and check out our third episode of the Chauchat Challenge! Today Jari Laine, Finnish reservist and CEO of Varusteleka (the best outdoor and military supply company) tries his hand at - [Tour: Croatian Homeland War Museum Vehicle & Artillery Park](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tour-croatian-homeland-war-museum-vehicle-artillery-park/) - https://youtu.be/x8VIV1pzx_w While in Croatia for filming, we stopped in at the Homeland War Museum (Muzej Domovinskog Rata) in Karlovac. Built in the preserved ruins of the "Hotel California", it houses a small but pretty comprehensive collection of small arms form the Croatian Homeland War, in addition to many other artifacts that tell the story of - [Suomi Noisemaker Training Magazine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/suomi-noisemaker-training-magazine/) - https://youtu.be/2dfLzMiOgqo No blank-firing adapter? No money for practice ammo? What you need is a wooden clicky-clacky noisemaker that locks into your Suomi! - [SVT-40: The Soviet Standard Semiauto from WW2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/svt-40-the-soviet-standard-semiauto-from-ww2/) - https://youtu.be/D5gXify4scA The Red Army was interested in developing a semiautomatic rifle clear back to the mid 1920s, and they spent about 15 years running trials and development programs to find one. First in 1930 a Degtyarev design was adopted, followed by the Simonov AVS-36, and then Tokarev won out in 1938 with the SVT-38. Combat - [2-Gun on the Elbe: SVT40 vs M1 Garand](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/2-gun-on-the-elbe-svt40-vs-m1-garand/) - https://youtu.be/f0zEsYa81Zw Today I'm taking an SVT-40 to the monthly 2-Gun Action Challenge Match, and I'm joined by my friend Tom shooting an M1 Garand. We're both using moderately accurate gear, and so naturally I have a TT-33 Tokarev for my pistol and Tom has a 1911. So, let's see if I can hold my own - [Battle Rifles of World War Two: Overview](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/battle-rifles-of-world-war-two-overview/) - https://youtu.be/Xp3h3CWmi1g Today we are going to take a look at the three main battle rifles of World War Two - the M1 Garand, the SVT-40, and the Gewehr 43. We will also consider the SVT-38, Gewehr 41(W), and Gewehr 41(M). The United States, Soviet Union, and Germany were the three countries that fielded large numbers - [Can the Honey Badger a Replace the MP5SD?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/can-the-honey-badger-a-replace-the-mp5sd/) - https://youtu.be/BwPsgXZpSXI The .300 Blackout cartridge and the rifle we now know as the Honey Badger were originally developed by AAC by request of a US special forces military unit. They wanted to replace their MP5SD submachine guns with a weapon that was still very quiet but had more terminal lethality than subsonic 9mm Parabellum ammunition. - [The 1950 Marketing Contest to Name the S&W Chiefs Special](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-1950-marketing-contest-to-name-the-sw-chiefs-special/) - https://youtu.be/kdsDptJCaqk Today we're taking a look at a Smith & Wesson Chiefs Special, but not just any Chiefs Special. This is serial number 29, factory engraved and gifted to Chief Edward Book of Passaic New Jersey in 1950. When S&W introduced the new revolver to compete with Colt's Detective Special, they simply called it the - [L41: Arado's WW2 Experimental MP40 Silencer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/l41-arados-ww2-experimental-mp40-silencer/) - https://youtu.be/E3J9XMS-Kz4 The German military tested several designs of silencer for the MP40 submachine gun during late World War Two. Designated the L4x series, they were made by the Arado and Opel-Schneider companies. This example is an Arado L41, designed to use the sort of heavy rubber baffles as the Soviet Bramit pattern. The L41 used - [Variations on Gras Cavalry Carbines & Conversions from Ethiopia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/variations-on-gras-cavalry-carbines-conversions-from-ethiopia/) - https://youtu.be/Mj--FC8COnA While I was at InterOrdnance unpacking French rifles, I took the opportunity to pull out a couple different examples of Gras Cavalry Carbines to show the differences between original French production examples and Belgian commercial conversions. What we will see today are how to recognize: - French Mle 1874 and Mle 1866-74 Gras cavalry - [Beecher's Bible: A Sharps 1853 from John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beechers-bible-a-sharps-1853-from-john-browns-raid-on-harpers-ferry/) - https://youtu.be/54nFNSZlhvg On October 16, 1859 John Brown and 19 men left the Kennedy farmhouse and made their way a few miles south to the Harpers Ferry Arsenal. They planned to seize the Arsenal and use its arms - along with 200 Sharps 1853 carbines and 1,000 pikes they had previously purchased - to ignite and - [Hi-Point YC-9 Yeet Cannon at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hi-point-yc-9-yeet-cannon-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/7AsVEvjEZ14 Hi-Point finally released their double-stack YC-9 Yeet Cannon a few months ago, and they sent me one to try out so I figured I'd take it to the monthly BackUp Gun Match. The new YC-9 is exactly what you would expect from Hi-Point, because they really only make one basic gun. It's a simple - [Ultra-Premium S&W Performance Center Model 3566](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ultra-premium-sw-performance-center-model-3566/) - https://youtu.be/7mFYjwxoObA When Smith & Wesson introduced their Model 3566 pistol for USPSA use, the company shooting team needed six of them for use at the 1994 USPSA Nationals. The Performance Center made these six guns, and they are magnificent examples of custom gunsmithing. This is the first of them, and designed for use in Limited - [Whitneyville Rolling Block for the Montreal Riot Squad](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/whitneyville-rolling-block-for-the-montreal-riot-squad/) - https://youtu.be/bRbvA8qolG0 In 1875 the Montreal City Police decided that they wanted to equip a riot squad in case of public disturbance. They initially requested funds for 50 revolvers, but this changed to 60 carbines instead, and these were purchased via broker in 1876 from the Whitneyville Armory. Whitneyville was a factory that made a variety - [PT83: The Sneaky Silenced Version of Poland's P83 Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pt83-the-sneaky-silenced-version-of-polands-p83-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/naXTFr4XjsM When the P-83 pistol went into production, the Polish military decided that it wanted a dedicated suppressed version of the gun, and the result was the PT-83. Thw P-83 was a 9x18mm pistol with a fixed barrel, so attaching a suppressor was not going to cause any problems with functioning. However, the designers wanted - [Fiji in World War Two: the Momi Bay Gun Battery](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fiji-in-world-war-two-the-momi-bay-gun-battery/) - https://youtu.be/CjdQu7RhZak When the clouds of World War Two began to loom in the 1930s, Britain decided to begin securing some of its more distant colonial outposts - places that might be of strategic importance in a future conflict. Fiji was once of these outposts - a vital point on the seagoing supply line from Europe - [Prototype vz.80: Improved Czech vz.50/70](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-vz-80-improved-czech-vz-50-70/) - https://youtu.be/cdPMfoiht3o The vz.50 pistol was a compact .32 ACP (7.65mm Browning) double action pocket pistol used by police forces. It was given a face lift and redesigned the vz.70, and there were plans at one point to further modernize it. The new design would have been the vz.80, but only a few prototypes were made - [Makarov: The Soviets Adopt Some Weird Proprietary Caliber](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/makarov-the-soviets-adopt-some-weird-proprietary-caliber/) - https://youtu.be/NJvXXsTwZFk The Makarov, designed by Nikolay Makarov, was the Soviet Union's new post-WW2 handgun. The whole Soviet small arms suite was changed in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and the Makarov was intended to address a number of concerns with the TT33 Tokarev pistols. The Tokarev was a relatively challenging pistol to shoot, with - [The Pointless (and Dangerous) "Spetznaz" Makarov Holster](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-pointless-and-dangerous-spetznaz-makarov-holster/) - https://youtu.be/TUr0zLnGA3A Today we have a look at the EFA-2k Makarov holster that was "made for Spetznaz". I am extremely skeptical that any Spetznaz operator ever actually deployed with one of these things, though. It's a holster with a neat mechanical function; you can push the pistol down through the bottom of the holster and it - [PMM: Russia's Modernized Makarov (Now With 50% More Mag Capacity!)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pmm-russias-modernized-makarov-now-with-50-more-mag-capacity/) - https://youtu.be/8a8fKH3rQdY Having served as the standard Soviet military sidearm for several decades, the PM Makarov was getting a bit obsolescent by the late 1980s. More of the world was using locked breech, 9x19mm service pistols but the Soviet Union still had essentially a domestic version of the Walther PP. To extend its capabilities, the PMM - [Overview of Soviet Military Handguns: Nagant, Tokarev, Makarov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/overview-of-soviet-military-handguns-nagant-tokarev-makarov/) - https://youtu.be/V3oTujcpmXs Today we are looking at an overview of Soviet military service sidearms. This begins with the Model 1895 Nagant revolver, inherited from the Czarist Russian Army. The Nagant was adopted as the standard Red Army handgun, specifically in double action. Soviet refitting led to single-action Nagant revolvers being extremely rare today. In the late - [Hogue Avenger vs M1911 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hogue-avenger-vs-m1911-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/4w44K0ZbrMo Yesterday we looked at where the Hogue Avenger came from and how it works; today I'm out at the range to test it out against a nicely customized M1911... - [Hogue Avenger: Precision Accuracy Via Delayed Blowback](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hogue-avenger-precision-accuracy-via-delayed-blowback/) - https://youtu.be/UBdkSPmLsDw The Avenger is a flapper-delayed blowback, fixed barrel conversion upper assembly for the Model 1911 pistol. It was designed by Austrian Peter Spielberger, and manufactured by Hogue in the US and PowerSpeed in Austria. It is a product that came close to vaporware status, announced at SHOT Show in 2003 but not actually available - [Angstadt Vanquish: An Inexpensive Integrally-Silenced 9mm AR Barrel](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/angstadt-vanquish-an-inexpensive-integrally-silenced-9mm-ar-barrel/) - https://youtu.be/NFZTo3Inztg Angstadt Arms has released an interesting integrally silenced (suppressed, if you prefer) barrel for 9mm AR carbines. It uses a full-length barrel with venting ports (similar to the MP5SD system), combined with a tubular shroud 1.5 inches in diameter covering the entire barrel. There are no baffles; the gas behind the bullet vents into - [Historical What-If: The CAR-15 SD](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/historical-what-if-the-car-15-sd/) - https://youtu.be/GWHz1_YUQng What is the MP5 was never adopted, and instead the vented barrel and telescoping silencer used by the SD model was instead developed for the AR-15? Broad River Tactical thought it would be fun to follow this line of thought, and builds an MP5SD style barrel and handguard system for the AR - and - [State of the Channel: 2024](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/state-of-the-channel-2024/) - https://youtu.be/K_9hvsmlweA The best way to support Forgotten Weapons is to subscribe to History of Weapons & War: weaponsandwar.tv My books are available from Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase You can also support the channel by watching or subscribing to: https://playeur.com/c/forgottenweapons/ http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons http://www.floatplane.com/channel/ForgottenWeapons Cool Forgotten Weapons merch! http://shop.forgottenweapons.com - [Hamas Claims to Make Sniper Rifles in Gaza - Are They Really?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hamas-claims-to-make-sniper-rifles-in-gaza-are-they-really/) - https://youtu.be/DRcVRLtde6c Hamas - or rather its specific military wing the Al Qassam Brigade - posted a video on Twitter / X yesterday purporting to show the manufacture of .50 caliber sniper rifles in Gaza. I was curious to have a look at it, as I've seen a lot of rifle factories and done some of - [Gear-Ratio-Accelerated? Yep, It's a Thing: French MAT 1955 Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gear-ratio-delayed-yep-its-a-thing-french-mat-1955-prototype/) - https://youtu.be/2Qp_TIimY8o EDIT: Shoot, I managed to get the gear ratio backwards. Sorry! The recoil action provides the necessary delay, and then the gear ratio provides acceleration to ensure the bolt can open reliably, akin to the accelerator in a Browning M1917 or 1919 machine gun, or a Lahti L35 pistol. Please excuse the error... In - [Heckfire by ShootingSight: The Best Trigger for H&K & Clone Rifles (9mm / 5.56 / 7.62)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/heckfire-by-shootingsight-the-best-trigger-for-hk-clone-rifles-9mm-5-56-7-62/) - https://youtu.be/DZZT6NNWLiM Available direct from the manufacturer: HECKFIRE 2-STAGE TRIGGER FOR MP-5, MP-5K, PDW, HK 91/93/94, G3, CLONES One of the shortcomings of H&K roller-delayed long guns has always been their triggers. As they come form the factory (with the exception of niche items like the PSG-1 trigger pack) they are long, heavy, and generally unpleasant. - [Romeo M17 Red Dot: Worth It?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romeo-m17-red-dot-worth-it/) - https://youtu.be/tYXYYLNfEJI In my opinion, the SIG Romeo-M17 red dot is a really good piece of gear, but substantially overpriced. This is a red dot that SIG has developed specifically for the M17 and M18 military pistols, and is not compatible with any other platform. By using a proprietary mounting setup, SIG is able to make - [Why Are the Russians So Bad? War Stories from Ukraine with Neil Vermillion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/why-are-the-russians-so-bad-war-stories-from-ukraine-with-neil-vermillion/) - https://youtu.be/kRqD92iYidg Back by popular demand, we have Neil Vermillion again today. We're talking about his experiences while volunteering as a trainer for troops in Ukraine. We're going to discuss why the Russians underperformed so badly, what the Ukrainians are doing well to adapt and improve, and perhaps why he has a somewhat scorched Wagner patch - [Germany Copies the Soviets: L23 & L27 Silencers](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/germany-copies-the-soviets-l23-l27-silencers/) - https://youtu.be/LcOmyQzaoPk The German L23 silencer was essentially a copy of captured Soviet Bramit silencers, complete with the attachment system locking around a rifle front sight. Two hundred of these made for the K98k rifle for German trials. These resulted in a desire for a better attachment method, and this led to the L27 design. The - [How's It Made: A Giant Machine That Make MG Links](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hows-it-made-a-giant-machine-that-make-mg-links/) - https://youtu.be/LLJAHZEcWu8 When I got a tour of Arex Defense in Slovenia, one of the really neat things I saw (which I had not seen elsewhere before) was a machine for making MG links. It's a single really long piece of hardware where a spool of sheet steel goes in one end and hardened links plop - [My Low-Profile Plate Carrier and Lynx Brutality AAR (w/ Jari Laine)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-low-profile-plate-carrier-and-lynx-brutality-aar-w-jari-laine/) - https://youtu.be/zXxRo4SMGjs I'm joined today by Jari, the CEO of Varusteleka to talk about one of the pieces of gear we both used in Lynx Brutality: Varusteleka's new Low Visibility Plate Carrier. It's designed to keep the shoulder straps tight in toward the neck and minimize weight, bulk, and profile - and it worked very well - [Story of the Alar: A Simple Student-Made SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/story-of-the-alar-a-simple-student-made-smg/) - https://youtu.be/oDW8ZIiaryQ The Alar is an interesting very rare Croatian domestic SMG. It is called the "Alar" after it's designer, Stipe Alar. He first came up with the design in 1971 and built one illegally - which resulted in him going to prison for a time. When the Croatian Homeland War broke out and guns were - [Lever-Delayed Prototype SMG: The MAS Mle 1948 Series](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lever-delayed-prototype-smg-the-mas-mle-1948-series/) - https://youtu.be/coWfAg1vXFE When France decided to adopt a new 9x19mm submachine gun after World War Two, all three of the main French arsenals (St Etienne/MAS, Chatellerault/MAC, and Tulle/MAT) developed designs to compete for adoption. Tulle would eventually win and their design became the MAT-49, but the other lines of development are quite interesting. The MAS design - [A Mystery MP-5 in .45ACP...Will it Run?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-mystery-mp-5-in-45acp-will-it-run/) - https://youtu.be/HVz5b2whKOA https://weaponsandwar.tv Join me at History of Weapons and War along with seven other of the best channels for historical and educational firearms content! We are available for desktop viewing as well as on all the major app platforms, ad-free, and independently hosted beyond the reach of YouTube's busybody fingers. Today's video isn't available here - [Zastava M51: A Compact Yugoslav Prototype SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zastava-m51-a-compact-yugoslav-prototype-smg/) - https://youtu.be/lyM5yy1jB7I The Zastava M51 is a prototype Yugoslav submachine gun developed before the adoption of the M56. It uses elements of the Beretta M38 (namely the captive recoil spring system) and PPSh-41 (the selector switch and magazine well) along with a collapsing stock reminiscent of the Polish PM63 machine pistol. Documentation on the M51 is - [Gevarm D4: An Economical MAT-49 Alternative](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gevarm-d4-an-economical-mat-49-alternative/) - https://youtu.be/nHLkqxCJQ3Y Gevarm was the gun-making subsidiary of Gevelot, a long-standing French ammunition manufacturer. In 1956 they brought a simple new submachine gun to market. It was chambered for 9mm Parabellum, with a simple blowback action. The construction was very basic, a combination of a tube receiver, stamped and flat components. There was two versions available; - [Breda 37: Italy's Forgotten Heavy Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/breda-37-italys-forgotten-heavy-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/LjU2qJJhaE4 The Breda Model 37 was Italy's standard heavy machine gun (which meant a rifle-caliber gun fired only from a tripod) during World War Two. It was chambered for the 8x59mm cartridge, as Italy used a two-cartridge system at the time, with 6.5mm for rifles and the heavier 8mm for machine guns to exploit their - [FN Model 30: The First Belgian BAR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fn-model-30-the-first-belgian-bar/) - https://youtu.be/Ee5vpMosJys FN played a role in the production of Polish wz.28 BARs, and in the process obtained a copy of the technical package for the weapon, and converted it to metric measurements. Under the supervision of Dieudonne Saive, this was used as the basis for FN's own BAR production, called the Modelé 30. Production was - [Argentine Brass Maxim: A Machine Gun of the Steampunk Age](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/argentine-brass-maxim-a-machine-gun-of-the-steampunk-age/) - https://youtu.be/PXzfeXJpzP4 The Maxim Gun was the first successful true machine gun, and it became extremely popular worldwide. Maxim sent his first two working models to Enfield for testing in 1887, and by 1889 he had what he termed the "World Standard" model. No two contracts were quite identical, as the gun was constantly being tweaked - [M28/76: A Finnish Competition & Sniper Mosin](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m28-76-a-finnish-competition-sniper-mosin/) - https://youtu.be/9VA31NLyVc8 The Finns developed several difference scopes rifles in the 1930s, but none were made in large quantities, and they were not really much used during the Winter War or Continuation War. The first post-war consideration was given to a new model in 1954, but that led instead to a decision to make a competition - [Lynx Brutality 2023 Day 2 - Missiles and Grenade Launchers](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lynx-brutality-2023-day-2-missiles-and-grenade-launchers/) - https://youtu.be/E2Wx7pMmmBA Day Two at Polenar Tactical's 2023 Lynx Brutality! My Arex Delta L and Perun X16 continue to run flawlessly in today's final five stages. Despite making plenty of mistakes today, I ended up placing 27th overall, which I'm quite happy about. Thanks to Sellier & Bellot for supplying ammunition, and all the other sponsors - [Ultima Ratio: RAID and the Founding of PGM Precision](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ultima-ratio-raid-and-the-founding-of-pgm-precision/) - https://youtu.be/EGnLpt81ce8 Thanks to Creedmoor Sports for sponsoring this video, and providing a couple of fine shooting mats to experiment with. Check them out for all your long range competition needs! The Ultima Ratio was the rifle that created PGM Precision as a company. It originated with a tender for a new sniper rifle by RAID - [Rearming West Germany: The G1 FAL](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rearming-west-germany-the-g1-fal/) - https://youtu.be/Rfu02fsnHNg Today we are taking a look at a German G1 pattern FAL. The initial purchased of the G1 were actual made by the German Border Guard (the Bundesgrenschutz). In the aftermath of World War Two, the western Allies decided to perpetually disarm Germany, and German security was provided by French, British, and American forces. - [Italian GWOT Steel: the Beretta AR-70/90](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/italian-gwot-steel-the-beretta-ar-70-90/) - https://youtu.be/8FNoQUS3wWM While the Italian military did adopt the AR-70, it did not actually issue them to all troops. Most continued to use the 7.62mm BM-59 until 1990 when the Beretta AR-70/90 was adopted. This rifle was a substantial rework and improvement of the AR-70, using AR-pattern magazines and a 1:7" twist barrel to run the - [The Rasheed: Egypt's Semiauto Battle Carbine From Sweden](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-rasheed-egypts-semiauto-battle-carbine-from-sweden/) - https://youtu.be/szoMjh2H2Ks Egypt purchased tooling for the Swedish AG-42 Ljungman in 1952, and adapted it to their 8mm Mauser caliber as the Hakim rifle. Later, they scaled the rifle down to 7.62x39mm as the Rasheed, and manufactured about 7,300 of them between 1966 and 1968. These rifles were issued to the District Ward Reserve Army (essentially - [Baghdad Carbine: Iraq's Super-Rare Copy of the Rasheed](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/baghdad-carbine-iraqs-super-rare-copy-of-the-rasheed/) - https://youtu.be/Coxt9z5mQQI In 1974, Iraq and Egypt were still on good relations, and Egypt sold Iraq a batch of 300 Rasheed carbines and the production tooling to manufacture them. Iraq quickly set up production and began making their own copy of the Rasheed in 1974 or 1975, named the "Baghdad". Production ran until 1978, with about - [The Sexy Retro Shorty: Original AR-180 Police Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-sexy-retro-shorty-original-ar-180-police-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/eEylTlMrH1A When Armalite designed the AR-180, they needed a factory to produce it, as their own production capacity was limited. Initially a license was granted to How in Japan, but this only lasted a few years before US involvement in the Vietnam War led Japan to cease allowing arms to be shipped to the US. - [Czech vz. 52/57: The SKS We Have At Home](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/czech-vz-52-57-the-sks-we-have-at-home/) - https://youtu.be/T2NfQU7RUbM We don't need the SKS, we have gun designers at home! In the early days of the Cold War, the Czechoslovak communist party was on very good terms with Josef Stalin, and were able to design and use their own small arms. A whole new slate of small arms were developed in the early - [Venezuelan FN49: The First FN49 Contract](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/venezuelan-fn49-the-first-fn49-contract/) - https://youtu.be/EiQSBChuv90 Venezuela was the First Nation to purchase the FN-49 rifle, before even the Belgian military. In fact, the Venezuelan contract was signed in 1948, before the "FN-49" designation was even in place. Venezuela bought a total of 8,012 rifles in two batches - 4,000 rifles plus 12 cutaway training examples delivered in 1949 and - [Star Model S: A Compact .380 for the Spanish Air Force](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/star-model-s-a-compact-380-for-the-spanish-air-force/) - https://youtu.be/VlEp-Grb9qQ Star introduced their first compact tilting-barrel pistol (the Model D) in 1922. The Spanish military was interested in something along these lines, but the Model D was intended to be a civilian pocket-carry gun, and was just too small for military use. What was needed was something still compact, but with a full-size grip - [New Springfield Echelon: Croatia's Chassis System Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-springfield-echelon-croatias-chassis-system-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/NlMGdeMdzfc The Springfield Echelon pistol was released today, and it's a significant step forward for Croatian manufacturer HS Produkt. In an effort to appeal to new military and police tenders as well as introduce a forward-looking new design, the company has brought out a pistol based on a serialized chassis like that of the SIG - [Semiauto PM-63C "Rak" at the BUG Match (It's Technically a Backup Gun...)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/semiauto-pm-63c-rak-at-the-bug-match-its-technically-a-backup-gun/) - https://youtu.be/C7cf78D2hBs I recently picked up one of the Pioneer Arms semiauto PM-63C pistols that are sporadically available here in the US. They have a pretty mediocre reputation and I wasn't expecting much, but the gun is so unusual that I really must have one myself (and the likelihood of me getting an original PM63 machine - [Llama M87: Everything You Would Want for IPSC (at the time)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/llama-m87-everything-you-would-want-for-ipsc-at-the-time/) - https://youtu.be/-iCqg34IBOo The Llama M87 was Gabilondo y Cia's high-end competition pistols based on the M82 action, and made in both 9mm Parabellum and 7.65mm Parabellum. This was mechanically a copy of the Beretta 92 system, and it was adopted in basic form by the Spanish Army. For the commercial market, Gabilondo took all the upgrades - [Ugly Pistol Day at the BUG Match: CZ38](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ugly-pistol-day-at-the-bug-match-cz38/) - https://youtu.be/I09KMLhl8gI For this month's BackUp Gun Match, I decided to bring out the CZ38 - one of the top contenders for ugliest service pistol ever adopted. It's a single-stack, double-action-only .380 with a weirdly bulky grip, so it's not winning any ergonomic awards either... - [Vugrek's Cell Phone Gun for Organized Crime](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vugreks-cell-phone-gun-for-organized-crime/) - https://youtu.be/rFtW419VwtY The Vugrek family of Croatia (Marko Sr, Marko Jr, and Ivan) were talented firearms designers, who ended up supplying organized crime. Their best-known development was the Agram 2000 submachine gun, a very well-built weapon submitted to Croatian military trials in the early 1990s. In the wake of prosecution for making the Agram illicitly after - ["Hill's Patent" Stanley Bull-Dog Revolver: Blatant Patent Theft in 1878](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hills-patent-stanley-bull-dog-revolver-blatant-patent-theft-in-1878/) - https://youtu.be/4AiH8gJePA4 The Stanley Bull-Dog revolver is an English-production revolver which is marked as being "Hill's Patent". The gun uses an interesting simultaneous ejection system similar to the Fagnus - which one assume was the subject of Hill's aforementioned patent. The guns were made in a variety of configurations (blue, nickeled, various barrel lengths and calibers, - [Colt 1903 in US Military Service (and for the OSS)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-1903-in-us-military-service-and-for-the-oss/) - https://youtu.be/aPK0vgElBzQ The Colt Model 1903, aka Pocket Hammerless, aka Model M, was a massively successful design for Colt on the commercial market. It was chambered for the .32ACP cartridge, with a .380 model introduced in 1908. During World War Two, the US government took an interest in the pistol. A total of 17,330 were purchased - [East Germany's Secret Walther Clone: The Pistole 1001-0](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/east-germanys-secret-walther-clone-the-pistole-1001-0/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhqpTFKT5Es When the Allies occupied German at the end of World War Two, the Walther factory at Zella Mehlis was initially garrisoned by American soldiers (who did a pretty thorough job liberating all the guns they could find there) but eventually ended up in the Soviet occupation zone (and later East Germany). This was in - [M98kF1 ZF41: Norway Recycles Germany's Worst Sniper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m98kf1-zf41-norway-recycles-germanys-worst-sniper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/LGluumvQ6I4 When Germany capitulated at the end of World War Two, several hundred thousand German soldiers were stuck in Norway (thanks to the efforts of the Norwegian Resistance preventing them from moving south to reinforce against Allied landings in Normandy). These solders' arms were surrendered to the Norwegians, and they formed the basis of Norwegian - [Guns for the Pope's Police: Mazzocchi Pinfire Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/guns-for-the-popes-police-mazzocchi-pinfire-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/2pPUknPcZko The revolver we are looking at today is a 9mm pinfire revolver adopted for the Papal Gendarmerie in 1868. At that time, the Papal States controlled roughly the same amount of territory as Switzerland today, and had its own armed forced for internal security - the Papal Gendarmerie. The Papal States had previously adopted - [Vila Velabita: Croatian Submachine Gun Made in a Shed](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vila-velabita-croatian-submachine-gun-made-in-a-shed/) - https://youtu.be/vLOwArnKWV8 At the beginning of Croatia's Homeland War, a severe need for small arms led to a whole plethora of simple submachine gun designs. Some were made in proper factories with professional tooling, and some were made by a couple blokes in a shed - and the Vila Velabita we are looking at today definitely - [MAS-49 Carabine Mitrailleuse: A French Prototype Lever-Delayed Assault Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mas-49-carabine-mitrailleuse-a-french-prototype-lever-delayed-assault-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/edyqT1tJfRo When France was developing it's new suite of small arms in the late 1940s, there was a debate over whether to adopt an intermediate-power cartridge or retain the full-power 7.5x54mm round for the infantry rifle. Initially, a French 7.65x35mm cartridge was developed and used for several years of development (the US .30 Carbine round - [Ero: The Croatian Uzi (With Israeli Help?)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ero-the-croatian-uzi-with-israeli-help/) - https://youtu.be/b1sMHQT6nWc The best of the submachine guns made in Croatia during the Homeland War was the Ero, made by a company called Arma. The Ero is a basically perfect, parts-interchangeable copy of the Israeli Uzi that was developed in 1992 and adopted into Croatian Army service in 1993. The only really distinguishable difference between the - [Hammerli FK-31: Diopter Competition Rifles for the Haganah](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hammerli-fk-31-diopter-competition-rifles-for-the-haganah/) - https://youtu.be/BrO-ktHIsDg In 1949, Israel was still fighting its war of independence, and purchasing arms internationally was difficult to do. The recently-formalized IDF wanted sniper rifles, and looked to Hammerli in Switzerland for a variant of the K-31 straight-pull bolt action action. Two different models were purchased; 100 of the ZK-31 with 4x Kahles scopes, and - [M90A Close Assault Weapons System Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m90a-close-assault-weapons-system-prototype/) - https://youtu.be/4JaoL6ijtjo Thanks to Nathan Frisque for loaning us this very cool project to film - a very merry Christmas to him and to all of you watching! If you haven't caught on, this is a real-life recreation of the M90A CAWS shotgun from the Halo series of video games... - [Just How Bad Is It? Vektor CP-1 at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/just-how-bad-is-it-vektor-cp-1-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/pFQyvxgu694 Yesterday we looked at the history and the mechanics of the Vektor CP1, and today I'm taking it out to the monthly BackUp Gun Match. It isn't a pistol with a good reputation, but it's also not a pistol very many people gave a fair shake to. It has a decent grip, pretty decent - [VSS Vintorez: Russia's Silent Sniper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vss-vintorez-russias-silent-sniper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/znIjsaJJ7Rg The VSS (Special Sniper Rifle) Vintorez was one of two dedicated silenced rifles developed in Russia in the 1980s. The Vintorez was given a very good barrel and intended for precision shooting, while the AS (Special Assault rifle) Val used the same action and suppressor, but had a pistol grip and folding stock, and - [Top 5 Pistols of World War One (Response to C&Rsenal)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/top-5-pistols-of-world-war-one-response-to-crsenal/) - https://youtu.be/-zzp34PssuE C&Rsenal posted a Top 10 Pistols of WWI video a few days ago, and I didn't entirely agree with their choices - so I figured I'd do my own list. I'm using the same base conditions that they did (only locked-breech pistols), and I'm judging the guns based on their desirability to a trained - [My New Book: Small Arms of World War Two - United States](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-new-book-small-arms-of-world-war-two-united-states/) - https://youtu.be/nqv1pMdw_7k In stock and shipping now: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/ww2-usa European sales: https://www.headstampbook.com/ Small Arms of WWII: United States of America is the first in Headstamp Publishing’s newest book series covering the myriad of weapons developed and fielded around the globe by the various participants in the Second World War. This book series blends fresh historical commentary and - [Vektor CP-1: Recalled to the Mother Ship](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vektor-cp-1-recalled-to-the-mother-ship/) - https://youtu.be/v_WK2zlXZug Thanks to Guns.com for sponsoring today's video! If you have a gun you are looking to sell, get an offer from them by using their simply system: https://www.guns.com/we-buy-guns The Vektor CP-1 was developed by Lyttleton Engineering Works (who owned the Vektor brand) in 1995 for a South African Police contract. They lost that contract - [Favela 2-Gun Action Challenge: Rio BOPE Madsen & Beretta 92](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/favela-2-gun-action-challenge-rio-bope-madsen-beretta-92/) - https://youtu.be/CmIt90cndrk It's time for the monthly 2-Gun Action Challenge Match, and this time I'm bringing out the Madsen! I've rigged it up like the BOPE (Brazilian military police special teams) typically use them, with the flash hider and bipod removed to save weight. It's still a heck of a gun, weighing in at about 20 - [The Gun Science Says Can't Work: Madsen LMG Mechanics](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-gun-science-says-cant-work-madsen-lmg-mechanics/) - https://youtu.be/s2N0wLQL23U The Madsen LMG is generally considered an extremely complex and confusing system - but is it really? Today we are taking one apart to see just how it actually works. Because in fact, it's a very unusual system, but not really any more complicated than any other easy self-loading action. - [Madsens in the Favelas: The LMG Still Going Strong With Rio's Military Police](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/madsens-in-the-favelas-the-lmg-still-going-strong-with-rios-military-police/) - https://youtu.be/46WfPNGFnWg The Madsen LMG was first introduced in 1902, and it is still in use with police forces in Brazil today. The Madsen was not very popular with major European armies, but it sold extensively in South America, with Brazil acquiring batches in 1932, 1935, and 1949. These were converted to 7.62mm NATO in the - [Beltfed Madsen LMG: When the Weird Gets Weirder](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beltfed-madsen-lmg-when-the-weird-gets-weirder/) - https://youtu.be/zePqK72K25E First produced in 1902, the Madsen was one of the first practical light machine guns, and it remained in production for nearly 5 decades. The Madsen system is a rather unusual recoil-operated mechanism with a tilting bolt and a remarkably short receiver. The most unusual variation on the system was the belt-fed, high rate-of-fire - [Gorilla GF-10: Lightweight Hunting Semiauto in 8.6mm Blackout (w/ Ballistics Gel)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gorilla-gf-10-lightweight-hunting-semiauto-in-8-6mm-blackout-w-ballistics-gel/) - https://youtu.be/v1Dbo_Uol_0 Today I've got on of Gorilla Ammo's GF-10 rifles to do some shooting with. It's an AR-10 platform chambered for 8.6mm Blackout (they also offer it in .243 Win, .260 Rem, 6.5CM, and .308 Win). It weighs in at just 7.2 pounds with a 16" barrel, so it's not an NFA item (they do - [Replacing Beretta: the S&W XM10 Trials Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/replacing-beretta-the-sw-xm10-trials-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/3GVNa4vbcLY When the US adopted the Beretta Model 92 as the new M9 standard issue handgun in 1985, it was not without controversy. In particular, there was a scandal of cracked and broken M9 slides shortly after procurement began. The military did not budge on awarding the M9 contract to Beretta, but in 1987 they - [Making Do: South Africa's 7.62mm NATO Bren Gun Conversions](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/making-do-south-africas-7-62mm-nato-bren-gun-conversions/) - https://youtu.be/NOu5c7uHmi8 During World War Two, the South African military used a lot of .303 caliber Bren guns. When 7.62mm NATO became the standard cartridge after the war, the Bren guns were put into storage, as converting them to the new rimless cartridge was a fairly complicated process. Instead, they purchased new FN- MAG machine guns, - [Books, Merch, and More: Black Friday at Forgotten Weapons](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/books-merch-and-more-black-friday-at-forgotten-weapons/) - https://youtu.be/fBVUZ_CmMU4 Books from Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase History of Weapons & War App (including 1-week free trial): https://weaponsandwar.tv Merchandise from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/category/forgotten-weapons-merchandise/2852 US World War Two books for Europeans: https://www.headstampbook.com Chinese Warlord Pistols books for Europeans: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/ian-mccollum-pistols-of-the-warlords-chinese-domestic-handguns-1911-1949/72940 - [Extra Firepower for Vietnam: the Aussie "B!tch"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/extra-firepower-for-vietnam-the-aussie-btch/) - https://youtu.be/zWFRFuXcLi4 Many of the special forces groups that operated during the Vietnam War found they standard issue weapons a but unwieldy for use in confined jungle environments. They also found a need for something that could deliver an immediate large volume of fire to break contact during an ambush (or deliver an ambush of their - [Weirdest of the French Trials SMGs: the EROP 1954](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/weirdest-of-the-french-trials-smgs-the-erop-1954/) - https://youtu.be/k-W6P4Ftzio "EROP" was a small company based in Paris, which produced about 18 submachine gun prototypes between 1954 and 1956. These were submitted to French military trials in several different configurations first in 1954 and later in 1956, and none of them were given any further consideration after that. Mechanically, the EROP guns are closed-bolt - [Cold War Belgium: Comparing the Vigneron M1 and M2 SMGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cold-war-belgium-comparing-the-vigneron-m1-and-m2-smgs/) - https://youtu.be/upD5MGn2SLI The Vigneron was Belgium's standard submachine gun during the early years of the Cold War. It was originally adopted as the M1 in 1953, and about 21,300 were made. In 1954, several modifications were made, resulting in the M2 pattern. Many of the original M1s were converted to M2 specification, and subsequent new production - [Hangfires & Ballistics Gel: Czech vz.52 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hangfires-ballistics-gel-czech-vz-52-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/YgzsX9UtB7U Yesterday we took a look at the vz.52/57 rifle in 7.62x39mm, and today I have one of it's 7.62x45mm predecessors out at the range. Not so much to do some shooting, as it turns out, but to fix malfunctions and wait for hangfires and duds... However, we did have enough success to put some - [The Most Expensive Machine Gun Ever Sold](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-most-expensive-machine-gun-ever-sold/) - https://youtu.be/p97k_BlvPKs Morphy's recently took the world record for the most expensive machine gun ever sold at public auction - with a transferrable FN Minimi. It sold for a winning bid of $490,000, which became a total price of $588,000 after adding the 20% buyer's premium. Good heavens. So today, let's consider why someone might speak - [Adventures in Surplus: From German Imperial Navy to Ethiopia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/adventures-in-surplus-from-german-imperial-navy-to-ethiopia/) - https://youtu.be/GUj6Pa97wDw I really enjoy finding guns that can be positively traced through multiple different parts of history, and Lugers can be a great source for that sort of story. Today I have a Luger from Royal Tiger Imports that has an incredible amount of history to it... The upper assembly of this Luger was built - [Colt's .41 Derringers: Buyout and Innovation](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colts-41-derringers-buyout-and-innovation/) - https://youtu.be/ED3mc7kJoeg When Colt decided that it wanted a piece of the Derringer market, it used a tactic we are used to seeing today: it found an existing manufacturer and just bought them outright. This was the National Firearms Company, which was manufacturing a Derringer designed by Daniel Moore in 1861. Moore made the guns himself - [Hotchkiss Portative: Clunky But Durable](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hotchkiss-portative-clunky-but-durable/) - https://youtu.be/7FUHt43O88M The Portative was an attempt by the Hotchkiss company to make a light machine gun companion to their heavy model (which had found significant commercial success). The Portative used the same feed strips, albeit loaded upside down, and the same gas piston operation, but a very different locking system. Instead of a tiling locking - [Deep Lore on Machine Guns: Q&A with John Keene](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/deep-lore-on-machine-guns-qa-with-john-keene/) - https://youtu.be/SUqpJPvSA5c Today I'm speaking with retired Master Sergeant John Keene, the NFA export for Morphy's. John is a machine gun collector himself, and between this and his work with Morphy's he has exceptional experience and expertise. So we have a slate of questions for him from Patrons: 0:00 - Introduction 0:29 - What’s the best - [The CZ75 Automatic Isn't On YouTube. Here's Why...](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-cz75-automatic-isnt-on-youtube-heres-why/) - https://youtu.be/UkTKPvAvkJE All the best firearms history channels streaming to all major devices: weaponsandwar.tv I created History of Weapons and War as a way to not just ensure a place to host and view historical and educational firearms content, but more importantly as a way to support the whole community of people who create this type - [Ballard .41 Rimfire Derringer: An Old West Boot Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ballard-41-rimfire-derringer-an-old-west-boot-gun/) - https://youtu.be/qrfe1XD9ei4 Charles H. Ballard is much better known for his single shot rifle design, but he also designed, patented, and produced a .41 rimfire caliber derringer. These were popular concealed weapons during the 19th century, and remain in production even today (though no longer in .41 rimfire...). Production began circa 1870, and a few thousand - [Mauser Schnellfeuer: The Official Full Auto C96 Broomhandle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mauser-schnellfeuer-the-official-full-auto-c96-broomhandle/) - https://youtu.be/9S0v9ovC260 Contrary to what you might expect, Mauser was actually the last company to produce a fully automatic model of the C96 "broomhandle" pistol. The C96 was very popular in China (Mauser sent hundreds of thousands of them to China) and Spanish firms like Bestigui Hermanos and Astra jumped at the chance to make their - [HK P11: NATO's Secret Underwater Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hk-p11-natos-secret-underwater-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/eZ_yAn2vQHw 0:00 Introduction and History of Underwater Firearms 0:55 Engineering Challenges and Russian Underwater Firearms 2:07 Development, Adoption, and Global Usage of the H&K P11 3:36 Examination of H&K P11: Fired Barrel Cluster and Firing Mechanics 5:24 Unique Features of the H&K P 11: Silence and Sealed Sabot System 7:45 The Electrical System and Battery - [Improved Laugo Alien for the American Market: The Creator 500](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/improved-laugo-alien-for-the-american-market-the-creator-500/) - https://youtu.be/DIvTEc1ly_M When the original Laugo Alien came out, it was designed with a grip angle rather steeper than a lot of people (including most Americans, it seems) preferred. In response, Laugo redesigned the grip to be more like a 1911, and made the whole grip assembly modular in the process. Original magazines are still compatible, - [New Laugo Creator 500 Alien at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-laugo-creator-500-alien-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/JKnwRBZls5A Today I'm taking the new Laugo Alien out to the range to see if it matches up to the original. Spoiler, it does - and it's even better. The new grip angle is much more natural for me, and the trigger is actually a bit better than the original... - [Gas Delayed Blowback Pistols: A Tour of the System](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gas-delayed-blowback-pistols-a-tour-of-the-system/) - https://youtu.be/ckYsBSO3-1M Today we are taking a look at an assortment of gas-delayed pistols, from South Africa to China to Europe. There is one predominant style of gas-delay execution, but also some variations and some substantially different takes on the concept... - [Guycot: A Rocket Ball Chain Rifle From 1879](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/guycot-a-rocket-ball-chain-rifle-from-1879/) - https://youtu.be/G97eYE92y8s The “Guycot” is a rocket ball chain rifle system named for its two creators, Paulin Gay (the designer) and Henri Guénot (the financier). They patented the idea in 1879, and manufactured it in both rifle and pistol form - I have a previous video on one of the pistols and today we are looking - [Correcting Gun Myths w/ Bloke on the Range: StGs, Carbines, and M16s](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/correcting-gun-myths-w-bloke-on-the-range-stgs-carbines-and-m16s/) - https://youtu.be/DCV6VxSpHWA #1: The AK is copied from the Sturmgewehr #2: Mattel made M16s #3: Chinese jackets in Korea stopped .30 Carbine rounds 0:00 Introduction and discussion on the Lynx Brutality match in Slovenia 0:28 Debunking and comparison of firearm myths: AK vs Sturmgewehr 3:11 The history and development of AK with the French and German - [AFN-49: The Forgotten Full-Auto Brother of the FN-49](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/afn-49-the-forgotten-full-auto-brother-of-the-fn-49/) - https://youtu.be/gAPUBVLeK7I 0:00 Introduction and Overview of the AFN 49 1:23 Detailed Insight into the AFN 49's Global Presence 3:01 Demonstration and Explanation of the AFN's Unique Features 5:05 Auto Trip Feature: A Deep Dive 7:27 Unique Characteristics of the AFN 49 8:48 The Journey of AFN 49s to the US 10:17 Conversion of Luxembourg AFN - [SS77: South Africa Builds a GPMG on the Shoulders of Giants](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ss77-south-africa-builds-a-gpmg-on-the-shoulders-of-giants/) - https://youtu.be/DYGm-eUe0lc In the 1970s, South Africa began looking for a domestic-production GMPG to replace its inventory of FN MAG machine guns. The MAG was an excellent weapon, but the ones in South Africa were getting old and worn out, and with the country under international embargo over Apartheid, new guns and parts were not available - [Egyptian 2-Gun: Rasheed and Browning High Power](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/egyptian-2-gun-rasheed-and-browning-high-power/) - https://youtu.be/GiZsJO2swOU We just looked at the Rasheed (and it's Iraqi sibling the Baghdad) and today I'm taking it out to the monthly 2-Gun match. I'm pairing it with a United Arab Republic contract Browning High Power, and some period Egyptian camouflage. Fun! Unfortunately, the Rasheed gave me a number of malfunctions, and its tiny sights - [Testing an Original WW1 Trench Gun w/ GI Buckshot: How Does it Pattern?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/testing-an-original-ww1-trench-gun-w-gi-buckshot-how-does-it-pattern/) - https://youtu.be/q0m-3eP38JE Today I am out at the range with Matt Haught from Sym-Tac to test out our original WW1 Winchester 1897 Trench Gun with some original WW2 GI buckshot. While the US did buy some shotgun ammunition specially packaged for military use, the majority was simply commercial off-the-shelf ammunition stamped "US Property". We are using - [Testing Slamfire: Sneaky Advantage or Useless Hype?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/testing-slamfire-sneaky-advantage-or-useless-hype/) - https://youtu.be/jksldX33HAY We've all heard about how the Winchester 1897 is capable of slam fire, but is that really a useful feature? Or is it just a cost-saving safety hazard? Well, Matt Haught of Sym-Tac consulting and I are at the range today to find out... - [Real or Fake? Authenticating an 1897 Trench Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/real-or-fake-authenticating-an-1897-trench-gun/) - https://youtu.be/-H-xlYbtO3w Authentic World War One 1897 trench guns will have: Serial number between E613,000 and E705,000 High quality rust blue finish Solid frame 20-inch cylinder bore barrel (with no bead) Muzzle in lone with bayonet lug Handguard with six rows of holes Bayonet lug with a bead sight and either "PAT APPY FOR" on the - [Peak American: the Winchester 1897 Trench Gun in WW1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/peak-american-the-winchester-1897-trench-gun-in-ww1/) - https://youtu.be/viWAUjkz9UY The United States was the only country to use shotguns in World War One in a substantial way. It was not the first time the US had used such guns either; shotguns were used in the Philippines against the Moros and on the Mexican Punitive Expedition. For use in the Great War, however, it - [Finnish Brutality 2023: A True Bucket-List Experience for Derek the SF Medic](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finnish-brutality-2023-a-true-bucket-list-experience-for-derek-the-sf-medic/) - https://youtu.be/rkMQbapfzxU I took a few minutes at Finnish Brutality 2023 to chat with Derek, a former Range and SF medic who overcame some quite daunting personal challenges to come shoot the match despite stage 4 cancer. It was great to hang out with him at the match, and to take inspiration from his story! - [A Professional Warlord Copy of the FN 1900 from the Nanjing Arsenal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-professional-warlord-copy-of-the-fn-1900-from-the-nanjing-arsenal/) - https://youtu.be/9McjhKhDAgc Interested in more pistols from the Chinese warlord era? Check out my book "Pistols of the Warlords", now in stock and shipping at: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/chinese-pistols One of the professional factory-made Chinese warlord-era copies of the FN Model 1900 came from the Nanjing Arsenal. The arsenal was founded in 1864 as a Chinese/British private venture and - [Announcing "History of Weapons & War" - Streaming App for Firearms Video!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-history-of-weapons-war-streaming-app-for-firearms-video/) - https://youtu.be/EaU50-VHO04 I am really excited to announce a new streaming service for historical & education firearms video content: History of Weapons & War. This is a collaboration between Forgotten Weapons and seven other firearms channels to put all the best educational gun content in one place - a place that is outside the reach of - [Mateba Unica 6: A Semiauto Revolver in .44 Magnum](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mateba-unica-6-a-semiauto-revolver-in-44-magnum/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuam0ZL6sBc The Mateba 6 Unica is the culmination of a series of revolver development by Italian designer Emilio Ghisoni (1937-2008). The Unica 6 is one of only a few self-cocking revolvers to see commercial production and sales (the other two being the Union and the Webley-Fosbery). It was available in .357 Magnum, .44. Magnum (like - [A Sneaky Swiss Sniper for Israel: the ZK-31](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-sneaky-swiss-sniper-for-israel-the-zk-31/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3ZVFDonYXo In 1949, Israel was still fighting its was of independence, and purchasing arms internationally was difficult to do. The recently-formalized IDF wanted sniper rifles, and looked to Hammerli in Switzerland for a variant of the K-31 straight-pull bolt action action. Two different models were purchased; 100 of the ZK-31 with 4x Kahles scopes, and - [Original FG42: A Detailed Comparison of the 1st and 2nd Patterns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/original-fg42-a-detailed-comparison-of-the-1st-and-2nd-patterns/) - https://youtu.be/sY7fCNj4al0 Today we are looking at examples of the 1st pattern (Type E) and second pattern (Type G) FG42, comparing their construction and disassembling both to get a close look at the internal differences. Despite sharing the basic mechanism, these two models share zero parts in common, not even the bayonets or magazines. We will - [Semiauto FG-42 at the Range: 1st and 2nd Patterns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/semiauto-fg-42-at-the-range-1st-and-2nd-patterns/) - https://youtu.be/KMDlkpIMeO4 Today we have both 1st and 2nd pattern semiauto FG-42s from SMG out at the range for some comparative shooting. Which is the better one to get? - [South Africa's Sci-Fi Bullpup: Vektor CR-21 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/south-africas-sci-fi-bullpup-vektor-cr-21-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/M2in9Kn1xgo Courtesy of DSA, I'm out at the range today with a Vektor CR-21 to see just how it handles compared to a regular Galil... - [Training Scars: Will Competition Habits Get You Kilt in Da Streetz?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/training-scars-will-competition-habits-get-you-kilt-in-da-streetz/) - https://youtu.be/Idk4saQaoXQ Training scars: the idea that your practice routine will dictate what you do under stress. Is it real? Yes. Does it need to be? No. The first objective of basic practice and training is to become proficient at specific tasks, like drawing a pistol or reloading a rifle. Unfortunately, that seems to be where - [Japanese Type 96 150mm Howitzer (Guadalcanal)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-type-96-150mm-howitzer-guadalcanal/) - https://youtu.be/Ua77aUREXIw Like the smaller 105mm field gun, the Imperial Japanese Army essentially copied a French Schneider design for their 150mm howitzer, adopted in 1936 as the Type 96. It was produced by the Osaka Arsenal from 1936 until 1944, with about 600 being made in total. Capable of firing at extremely high angles, the Type - [Land Mines & Casualty Care: Finnish Brutality 2023 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/land-mines-casualty-care-finnish-brutality-2023-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/m6MkiACM8Mc It's time for Finnish Brutality 2023! This year the match is back and better than ever, with a new "Breacher" division for those seeking extra punishment. In addition to wearing armor and kit (minimum 12kg/26lb), Breacher includes a 3-10 minute physical challenge after each stage just to spice things up. I opted to run - [Barbed Wire and Burning Cars: Finnish Brutality 2023 Day 2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/barbed-wire-and-burning-cars-finnish-brutality-2023-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/-GcMFGoh0Jo It's time for Day 2 of Finnish Brutality 2023! Finnish Brutality is run by Varusteleka, Europe's premier military and outdoor gear company - which also has great inexpensive shipping to the US. If you need gear that's tough enough for the Finnish winter, look no further than: http://www.varusteleka.com 0:00 - Intro 0:13 - Stage - [Colt 607: The First AR Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-607-the-first-ar-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/ajQhLYgohGM The Model 607 was Colt's first attempt at a carbine version of the AR-15 rifle, shortening both the barrel and stock. The action is identical to a standard AR, but the barrel is only 10 inches (254mm) long, and the stock uses a collapsing design unique to this model. Most examples used a small - [Introducing the BD-38: A New Production Copy of the German MP-38](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/introducing-the-bd-38-a-new-production-copy-of-the-german-mp-38/) - https://youtu.be/Bh6dpfbQqHE There has never been a proper semiauto version of the MP40 available in the US, until now. SSD (Sport-Systeme Dittrich) is a German company that has been making semiauto copies of German WW2 small arms for quite some time, and they now have a US partner in the DK Production Group. They plan to - [Taiwan's Retro Gas Piston AR: the Type 65](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/taiwans-retro-gas-piston-ar-the-type-65/) - https://youtu.be/Iap1d47knmI When Taiwan decided to move from the M14 platform (the Type 57 in Taiwanese service) to a 5.56mm rifle, they decided to develop a domestic gas-piston version of the AR. Development began in 1973, with prototypes ready in 1975 and the system formally adopted in 1976. Using the Chinese calendar based on the revolution - [The Post-War Legacy of the FG42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-post-war-legacy-of-the-fg42/) - https://youtu.be/wCCs19sgFLw If the FG-42 was such a great gun, then why didn't it get used after the war? Well, two answers... 1) It was crazy expensive to make and there weren't very many lying around for people to use in quantity after the war. 2) It was used; there was at least three post-war development - [Yugoslav M57: Tito's Tokarev](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yugoslav-m57-titos-tokarev/) - https://youtu.be/6VkcQEbN0QY Yugoslavia purchased both 1895 Nagant revolvers and TT33 Tokarev from the Soviet Union after World War Two, but this was only a holdover until domestic pistol production could begin. While Yugoslavia was formally communist, Tito was not a puppet of Moscow, and Yugoslavia did their own development to reverse-engineer the Tokarev pistol. In the - [Tara TM-9: What a Tangled Web of Intrigue for a Crappy Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tara-perfection-tm-9-the-montenegrin-sensation/) - https://youtu.be/TPTfPsd9irs Tara Aerospace is an arms factory in Montenegro that was privatized around 2013 or 2014, and a major stake in it was purchased by one Heinrich Thomet (formerly of Brugger & Thomet, and then the basis for a character in "War Dogs"). The first firearm the new Tara produced was the TM-9, and it - [Chinese Mystery Mauser: Fake FN Model 30](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-mystery-mauser-fake-fn-model-30/) - https://youtu.be/g0pTPhcHR4U "Arming the Dragon" by Dolf Goldsmith is now available and shipping! One of the most common rifles in Warlord-era China was the Mauser Model 98 short rifle. Various Chinese armies bought large numbers of them from the Mauser, CZ, and FN factories, chambered predominantly for the 8mm Mauser cartridge. In particular, FN sold some - [AMELI: Spain's Not-Mini-MG42 in 5.56mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ameli-spains-not-mini-mg42-in-5-56mm/) - https://youtu.be/HLs_dEzyyOU The AMELI (which is a contraction of "ametralladora ligera", or light machine gun) was introduced by CETME in 1981, and adopted by the Spanish military as the MG82. It was a counterpart LMG to the new CETME-L 5.56mm rifles, and is a mechanically fascinating design. The AMELI is a roller-delayed blowback system. Although it - [The First German Assault Weapon: The Lange Pistole 08](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-first-german-assault-weapon-the-lange-pistole-08/) - https://youtu.be/AT5gkuyxoPg Get Entered to WIN this original Artillery Luger rig! https://go.getenteredtowin.com/forgottenweapons DEADLINE to ENTER is 07/28/23 @ 11:59pm (PST). The Lange Pistole 08 (long pistol), or Artillery Luger as it is commonly known today, has an interesting history. It was originally developed as a personal defense weapon for German field artillery and air crews. While - [Pacific Theater USMC-Modified Johnson M1941 Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pacific-theater-usmc-modified-johnson-m1941-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/NMSi4o0UjkQ Johnson M1941 rifles were used in limited numbers by the US Marine Corps in the Pacific theater of World War Two, but they were used - and generally well liked. Interestingly, there was a fairly common field modification done by the Marines, and that was to cut off the front sight wings, and sometimes - [That One Terrible Gun Myth in Siege of Jadotville...](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/that-one-terrible-gun-myth-in-siege-of-jadotville/) - https://youtu.be/i75o0F6PY9k The Netflix film "The Siege of Jadotville" recounts the fighting between Katanga soldiers and mercenaries and Company A of the 35th Irish Infantry Battalion, who were deployed to the Katanga province of Congo in 1961 as part of the UN peacekeeping mission there. The Irish soldiers fought valiantly and won a tactical victory, but - [USPSA with a 105-Year-Old Artillery Luger Rig](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/uspsa-with-a-105-year-old-artillery-luger-rig/) - https://youtu.be/GlmbUD6PKsc Get Entered to WIN this legendary Artillery Luger rig! DEADLINE to ENTER is 07/28/23 @ 11:59pm (PST). Today I'm taking an original (made in 1918) Artillery Luger rig out to a 6-stage USPSA match. I'm entered in PCC (pistol-caliber carbine) division using the detachable shoulder stock (note that this is exempted from the NFA, - [Slovenian Modularity: Perun X16 "PDW" in .300 Blackout](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/slovenian-modularity-perun-x16-pdw-in-300-blackout/) - https://youtu.be/9Gmc2Cm4XUA I was first introduced to the Tinck Arms Perun X16 at Lynx Brutality 2022 in Slovenia, and it is an interesting system emphasizing modularity and simple disassembly. I opted to use one (a 5.56mm carbine) at Lynx Brutality 2023 this year, and it ran perfectly for me. So I figured we should take a - [Interview with Neil Vermillion: Being a Volunteer Fighter & Trainer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/interview-with-neil-vermillion-being-a-volunteer-fighter-trainer/) - https://youtu.be/EhXqfvm2Bcg Note: Some explicit language in this video. I am honored today to have a chance to interview Neil Vermillion about his experiences in Iraq, Kurdistan, and Ukraine. Neil is a US Army veteran (2002-2006) who served contracts in Kurdistan (2016) and Ukraine (2022) for the nonprofit PMC Sons of Liberty International. In Kurdistan he - [Bernardelli P018S: A Hipster's Service Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bernardelli-p018s-a-hipsters-service-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/OhdODlo5nOQ Bernardelli is (was) an Italian firearms manufacturer in the Val Tromp dating back to the 1600s...but whom few people have ever heard of. They produced 1889 Bodeo revolvers between the World Wars, and after World War Two they had a line of pocket pistols that were never particular popular or respectable in the US. - [MAC/Skorpion Hybrid at the Range: the Alka M93](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mac-skorpion-hybrid-at-the-range-the-alka-m93/) - https://youtu.be/mn-YQMw0USI The Alka M93 was a very simple SMG made by IM Metall (which later became HS Produkt) during the Croatian Homeland War. It is essentially a MAC M11A1 with a long barrel and a vz61 Skorpion stock, feeding 9mm ammunition form MP40 magazines. I did a video on this piece previously, but on a - [Argentina's Slightly French Model 1909 SOM Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/argentinas-slightly-french-model-1909-som-sniper/) - https://youtu.be/veqVN25Fkhs Argentina was one of the first countries to adopt Mauser rifles, with the Model 1891. These were replaced by newer Model 1909 rifles a couple decades later, and in 1913 they bought 500 telescopic sights to make sniper rifles. All of them appear to have been put on cavalry carbines like this one, rather - [The Rarest Chassepot: Rifle for the African Cavalry](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-rarest-chassepot-rifle-for-the-african-cavalry/) - https://youtu.be/THvRI-wDEpQ "Chassepot to FAMAS: French Military Rifles 1866-2016" is in stock and shipping now: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase The rarest pattern of factory-made Chassepot is the fusil modèle 1866 pour la cavalerie d'afrique - the Model 1866 rifle for African cavalry. Just 12,000 of these were made by St Etienne in the spring of 1869, as a way - [Pleter M91: Croatia's High Quality STUzi](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pleter-m91-croatias-high-quality-stuzi/) - https://youtu.be/AjXnbP3-4Fk The Pleter M91 is a simple design, but a high-quality one that was manufactured by a proper factory production line. The company making it was planning on (hoping for?) large-scale production, and they invested to proper polymer molds and other tools to make the gun. A total of about 4500 were made, making it - [What's Wrong with Private Jackson's Sniper Rifle? (Saving Private Ryan)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/whats-wrong-with-private-jacksons-sniper-rifle-saving-private-ryan/) - https://youtu.be/v2Eagq3fI0E Today we are going to take a look at how Private Jackson's sniper rifle is portrayed in Saving Private Ryan. It's a great movie, and I enjoyed it a lot - but this sniper rifle is incorrect in every scene... At the beginning of the film, the rifle is shown as an M1903A4 (which - [M1903A4: America's WW2 Sniper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1903a4-americas-ww2-sniper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/0Dlim-THOlw The United States Army entered World War Two with neither sniper rifles nor a sniper training program. As troops began to see combat, requests began to come back to the War Department that both were urgently needed. The newly-adopted dM1 Garand rifle was going to be a bit tricky to mount optics on, so - [Remington M1903A4 Sniper at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/remington-m1903a4-sniper-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/YfGi7K6uXYE Today we are taking the Remington M1903A4 out to the range for some shooting. This was the standard US sniper rifle during World War Two, and I'm curious to see how one actually handles... - [Did Hitler Cancel the Sturmgewehr?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/did-hitler-cancel-the-sturmgewehr/) - https://youtu.be/x0FCHyXKb1Y It is often said that Hitler personally cancelled the Sturmgewehr development...could that really be true? Yes! He actually nixed the program three separate times, and the German Army General Staff continued the project behind his back. They knew the rifle was what the Wehrmacht desperately needed if it was to have any hope of - [Surplus 101st Airborne M17: Differences Between Army and Civilian SIGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/surplus-101st-airborne-m17-differences-between-army-and-civilian-sigs/) - https://youtu.be/UgtmAeK24nw Today we are looking at one of the surplus US Army M17 pistols that SGI put on the commercial market about 3 years ago. These were some of the very first M17s issued to Army units, and they were turned back in to SIG and replace in late 2019. The obvious difference between these - [What's the Deal with the SIG P320 Exploding and Firing "Un-Commanded"?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/whats-the-deal-with-the-sig-p320-exploding-and-firing-un-commanded/) - https://youtu.be/QusWrho19zE Social media is very excited these days about "exploding" SIG 320s...so let's consider what might actually be happening. Of course, this discussion is invariably clouded by the fact that the P320 did have a legitimate drop-safety problem a few years ago. It was fixed, but many people don't bother to distinguish between that issue - [SIG M18: New USMC Service Pistol (and Little Brother of the M17)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sig-m18-new-usmc-service-pistol-and-little-brother-of-the-m17/) - https://youtu.be/g16oac56h4E The SIG 320 was adopted by the US Army as its new M17 full-size service pistol, but that was only have of the Modular Handgun System. The other half was the M18, a compact version of the same pistol, with a 3.9" barrel (compared to the 4.7" barrel of the M17). The Army did - [Romanian ZB-30 LMG: Improving the Already-Excellent ZB-26](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanian-zb-30-lmg-improving-the-already-excellent-zb-26/) - https://youtu.be/fjjFCoiQWoM Brno's ZB-26 was one of the best light machine guns of the 1920s, and it was widely adopted by countries that did not have domestic arms design and production capacity (and it would eventually become the British Bren gun as well). It was designed for the 8mm Mauser cartridge, and had a simple fixed - [Prototype Hungarian 33M Bolt Action Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-hungarian-33m-bolt-action-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/7-QnSqeLbB0 When Hungary separated from the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War One, it began to slowly rebuild its military equipment. The eventually led to carbine conversions of old M95 rifles using the new 8x56mm rimmed cartridge, which were designated the 31M. However, the Hungarians were not satisfied with the Mannlicher straight-pull system. In cold conditions - [Yugo-Albanian "Marksman's" Mystery AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yugo-albanian-marksmans-mystery-ak/) - https://youtu.be/1-b3EWd3Jg8 This rifle was brought back to France from the Balkans (probably Kosovo) by a French military team in the late 1990s. It's a neat example of a mix-master build (what is "bubba" in Albanian?), with several cool elements. The base gun is an Albanian AKM, with its bayonet missing. The front sight block has - [Spectre SMG at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/spectre-smg-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/KTAs-yb2t9w The SITES Spectre was imported into the US primarily as a semiautomatic pistol - but it was really designed to be an SMG. It has an interesting closed-bolt fire control system, and in SMG for a metal top folding stock. Thanks to DSA, I have the opportunity to take one of these out to - [No Clip, No Problem! Ethiopian Gunsmithing Solutions (Berthier)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/no-clip-no-problem-ethiopian-gunsmithing-solutions-berthier/) - https://youtu.be/Pm-7z99Xczw While helping to unpack a new shipment of French rifles at IO Inc / Royal Tiger Imports, I came across several examples of Berthiers that were modified to not use clips. There were a couple different ways the Ethiopian gunsmiths did this, so let's have a look... - [The Interesting and Unusual Small Arms of Kurdistan and Ukraine w/ Neil Vermillion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-interesting-and-unusual-small-arms-of-kurdistan-and-ukraine-w-neil-vermillion/) - https://youtu.be/LUHbXXu_PYE I'm excited today to speak with Neal Vermillion, a US Army veteran (2002-2006) who served contracts in Kurdistan (2016) and Ukraine (2022) for the nonprofit PMC Sons of Liberty International. In Kurdistan he was a volunteer training and fighting with a group of Kurds around Erbil and Mosul. In Ukraine, he trained Ukrainian snipers - [Hipster 2-Gun: Beretta AR-70/90 & Bernardelli P018S](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hipster-2-gun-beretta-ar-70-90-bernardelli-p018s/) - https://youtu.be/37uhPtb7-1I We took a look at both of these guns individually this past week, and now it's time to try them both out on the clock... While I like the Bernardelli quite a lot, it had a couple malfunctions and my pistol shooting was just not up to the challenge of this month's stages (particularly - [Crogar M91: MP40 Meets Yugo M56 in the Croatian Homeland War](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/crogar-m91-mp40-meets-yugo-m56-in-the-croatian-homeland-war/) - https://youtu.be/Ruif6Qym3zw SKM was a small industrial manufacturing company in Croatia that began making submachine guns in 1991 to equip Croatian fighters in the Homeland War. Their product was the M91 Crogar, which is a selective-fire, open bolt SMG chambered for 7.62mm Tokarev. It uses the magazine from the Yugoslav M56 SMG, along with its rotating - [Japanese Type 92 105mm Field Gun (Guadalcanal)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-type-92-105mm-field-gun-guadalcanal/) - https://youtu.be/zHUPfFtwoqY In 1927, the Imperial Japanese Army purchased a 105mm field gun from the French company Schneider as a potential replacement for their rather underwhelming Type 14 105mm field gun. The Schneider design was quite good, and the Japanese put it into service in 1932 as the Type 92. It was manufactured in small numbers - [Krešimir: Croatia's Truly Insane Grenade Launcher](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kresimir-croatias-truly-insane-grenade-launcher/) - https://youtu.be/CzsBTUEupKs The Kresimir is honestly the most bonkers weapon I have come across in a long while. Made by IM Metall in Croatia at the beginning of the Croatian Homeland War circa 1991, this is a semiautomatic grenade launcher. Most grenade launchers fire a big cartridge with an explosive warhead, but not this thing. Instead, - ["Made for the Republic of China": Shanghai Arsenal's FN 1900 Copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/made-for-the-republic-of-china-shanghai-arsenals-fn-1900-copy/) - https://youtu.be/HpG_SHcNRFU "Pistols of the Warlords" available now from: http://www.headstamppublishing.com/purchase The Shanghai Arsenal was founded in 1865 as a joint venture between British and Chinese customs officers. They bought a defunct American ironworking company and rebuilt it as an arsenal. In 1884 they began production of a copy of the Remington Rolling Block, and by 1891 - [Experimental Romanian Paratrooper PKM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/experimental-romanian-paratrooper-pkm/) - https://youtu.be/iDDoRgmvN0Q Romania adopted the PKM in 1966, and began manufacturing their own direct copy at Cugir. In the 1990s, the plant designed a model intended for paratroopers, with a shortened barrel and unique side folding stock. Romanian special operations and paratroop units tested them, but declined to purchase any - funding was tight and the - [Croatian HS-91: A Mystery Hybrid of M56 and PPSh-41](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/croatian-hs-91-a-mystery-hybrid-of-m56-and-ppsh-41/) - https://youtu.be/SfZg_kJNH7s The HS-91 is a Croatian-made submachine gun form the Homeland War period of the early 1990s. This is the only example known, and it was seized well after the war by the Croatian Police (and currently resides in the Police Museum in Zagreb). Nothing is known about the details of its origin or production. - [Otterup Model 69: From German Sword to Danish Plowshare](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/otterup-model-69-from-german-sword-to-danish-plowshare/) - https://youtu.be/9EZFvphJUCo The Schultz & Larsen company in Otterup, Denmark was a venture formed by a gunsmithing shop and a very successful target shooter to make precision rifles. In 1919, they are able to purchase a bunch of German arsenal tooling for pennies because of the Treaty of Versailles. They made a number of rifles, both - [Al Kadesih: Iraq's Exceptionally Rare Dragunov Copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/al-kadesih-iraqs-exceptionally-rare-dragunov-copy/) - https://youtu.be/y1dCr7y-ovw The Al Kadesih (also sometimes spelled Al Kadesiah or Al Qadisiyah) is an Iraqi copy of the SVD Dragunov DMR/sniper rifle. It is not an exact copy, though, as it uses an AK-style stamped receiver and trunnions in combination with the fire control system and short-stroke gas piston of the SVD. The rifles were - [Fabryka Broni "Łucznik" – Radom Factory Tour](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fabryka-broni-lucznik-radom-factory-tour/) - https://youtu.be/G-uSugYpUbk Fabryka Broni originally dates to 1925, when it was set up as a factory to make small arms for the Polish military. It was occupied be German forces during World War Two and on the post-war Communist years it was designated Factory 11 - it's products are identified by an oval around the number - [Lynx Brutality 2023 Day 1 - Kettlebells and Electrocution](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lynx-brutality-2023-day-1-kettlebells-and-electrocution/) - https://youtu.be/tWlGX24NmNQ It's time for Lynx Brutality 2023! Polenar Tactical presented this match again at the Lynx Pro Training Center in Slovenia, and they outdid themselves. It was a really excellent match, with both great physical challenges and good shooting challenges, well run and with a group of shooters who were uniformly fun and friendly. I - [PTR-44 Sturmgewehr at a 2-Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ptr-44-sturmgewehr-at-a-2-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/A11P9eD1zrM Today I'm taking the PTR-44 Sturmgewehr out to the local 2-Gun match. I'm excited to get a chance to run it in a competitive environment - I have shot some original StGs, but only on very basic flat ranges. This should be a much more interesting experience. For a pistol, I'm using an Arex - [Optics on Sturmgewehrs: Was This Really A Thing?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/optics-on-sturmgewehrs-was-this-really-a-thing/) - https://youtu.be/gGl74JFy878 We regularly see the MP43/44/StG44 portrayed with an optical sight (a ZF-4). But was this really something that the German Army actually issued? Well, in a word...no. The first iteration of the Sturmgewehr, the MKb-42(H), was designed to potentially fit a ZF-41 long eye relief optic on its rear sight tower. A few of - [Special Book Shipping Deal for Europe!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/special-book-shipping-deal-for-europe/) - https://youtu.be/YcgVSXGaX9A Special European shipping: https://www.headstampbook.com/ww2-usa For the preorder of "Small Arms of World War Two: United States", we have arranged a European contact where we can delivery books in bulk direct from the printer and then ship them to customers form within the EU. Specifically, books will be shipping form France. This allows us to - [Announcing My Newest Book: Small Arms of WWII - United States](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-my-newest-book-small-arms-of-wwii-united-states/) - https://youtu.be/6X85JXmUJTQ Available now for preorder! https://www.headstamppublishing.com/ww2-usa Small Arms of WWII: United States of America is the first in Headstamp Publishing’s newest book series covering the myriad of weapons developed and fielded around the globe by the various participants in the Second World War. This book series blends fresh historical commentary and beautiful photography to give - [Chatellerault Experimental SMGs: MAC48 & 48LS](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chatellerault-experimental-smgs-mac48-48ls/) - https://youtu.be/4BcTujhcrso Continuing our look at the French submachine gun designs from the Chatellerault Arsenal, today we have the MAC48 and MAC48LS (lightened and simplified). In the development program that would eventually lead to adoption of the MAT-49, Chatellerault began with a couple of very light delayed blowback designs in 1947 (https://youtu.be/btyGG2wfwoY). When those were rejected, - [Fascinating Finds in a Guadalcanal Relic Museum](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fascinating-finds-in-a-guadalcanal-relic-museum/) - https://youtu.be/PzKEQoKQtvI Today I'm visiting the Solomon Islands War Memorial Museum in Honiara (the capital city on Guadalcanal). This is a private museum run by two brothers on the island, and it is filled to the brim with artifacts recovered from the jungles and battlefields, both American and Japanese. From Coke bottles to 20mm cannons, everything - [Improving Mosins: The Estonian M1935](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/improving-mosins-the-estonian-m1935/) - https://youtu.be/XK82Tw3lwgo When Estonia declared independence from Russia in 1918, it had no formal military. After winning a 2-year War of Independence, the nation needed to set up its own armed forces. The rifles available in Estonia were a mix of Mosin Nagants, Arisakas, Pattern 1914 Enfields, and German Mausers. The most common were the Mosins, - [Finland Salvages a "Tragic Boating Accident": Grafton Vetterli Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finland-salvages-a-tragic-boating-accident-grafton-vetterli-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/THK7Q9Mfa_I During the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese government helped smuggle arms to potential revolutionaries in Russia, in hopes of provoking a domestic crisis that would divert Russia military force form the war. This included a plot to buy many thousands of surplus Vetterli rifles (as well as C96 Mausers, Webley revolvers, and a few other - [Chang Feng CS/LS 06 - China's Take on the Helical-Mag SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chang-feng-cs-ls-06-chinas-take-on-the-helical-mag-smg/) - https://youtu.be/qBNJuPdGwJI The Chang Feng is named for the company that developed it, the Chongqing Chang Feng Company Ltd in (you guessed it) Chongqing. It was designed by one Qing Shangsheng, who had ample prior firearms design experience (including the Type 64 and 67 pistols and Type 80 SMG). The design is based around a helical - [Last Gasp of the German Maxim: the Air-Cooled MG 08/18](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/last-gasp-of-the-german-maxim-the-air-cooled-mg-08-18/) - https://youtu.be/P0BkPwY6_18 The MG 08/18 was developed at the very end of World War One as a lighter alternative to the MG 08/15. It used an air-cooled barrel, and between not needing water and having lighter parts it managed to be about 6 pounds less weight than the 08/15. Only a few hundred appear to have - ["Le Formidable" Pre-WW1 Pocket Revolver at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/le-formidable-pre-ww1-pocket-revolver-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/gXURqKiUUy0 "The Formidable" was the name given to one of many different civilian pocket-carry revolvers made by the French Manufrance firm in St Etienne. This particular model was introduced in 1895, although it went through a significant redesign in 1902. The example I have here is the later pattern, which was sold until 1916 (when - [Project Lantan: Poland Designs a Modular AK in 7x41mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/project-lantan-poland-designs-a-modular-ak-in-7x41mm/) - https://youtu.be/5f-nfoLqdO0 In the early 1970s, Poland wanted to replace their 7.62x39mm Kalashnikov rifles. The Soviet Union was developing the 5.45mm AK-74, but the Poles wanted to make a more ambitious advance in small arms systems. They launched Project Lantan (Polish small arms programs were code named after minerals and periodic table elements). The plan was - [Ask Ian: Donating Gun Collections to Museums](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-donating-gun-collections-to-museums/) - https://youtu.be/81mIUTZkq9o Lots of people put together significant gun collections over a lifetime, and want to see those collections preserved after they pass. This often manifests as looking for a museum that will keep a collection intact and display it - which is unfortunately a nearly impossible goal. First, it is very rare to find a - [Nylon 66: Remington's Revolutionary Plastic Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/nylon-66-remingtons-revolutionary-plastic-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/eyyZGG043P0 In the 1950s, Remington decided that it needed an inexpensive new .22 self-loading rifle to add to its catalog. In looking at how to reduce the cost of such a rifle, they hit upon the idea of using polymer to replace the wooden furniture typically used - and to replace the metal receiver as - [Remington's Only Lever-Action: The Nylon 76 "Trail Rider"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/remingtons-only-lever-action-the-nylon-76-trail-rider/) - https://youtu.be/6VsCXRR5FWY In 1962, Remington tried to exploit the popularity of pop-culture cowboys by introducing a lever-action version of its of its Nylon 66 semiauto .22 rifle. This new model was the Nylon 76, named the "Trial Rider". It used the same faux-wood styled polymer frame as the Nylon 66, and was actually a pretty good - [Slovenia's Specialized Bullpup: the F2000S](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/slovenias-specialized-bullpup-the-f2000s/) - https://youtu.be/ZUrwG2wicxw When the Slovenian Army decided to adopt a new infantry rifle in the mid-2000s, the Arex Defense company decided to submit the F-2000 into the trials. The H&K G36 was widely expected to be the winner, but Arex had already been involved in making F2000 parts as a subcontractor for FN, and wanted a - [Project Best Millimeter: SIG/Grayguns vs Hi-Point 10mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/project-best-millimeter-sig-grayguns-vs-hi-point-10mm/) - https://youtu.be/7EkNiVXtDQA Thanks to Otis Technology for sponsoring this video! When I heard about Hi-Point releasing a 10mm pistol (the JXP 10), I knew I needed to do something fun with it. Hi-Point is often derided - and often for good reasons - but fundamentally the Hi-Point design does exactly what it is advertised to. It - [Llama M82: Gabilondo Copies the Beretta (But More Complicated)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/llama-m82-gabilondo-copies-the-beretta-but-more-complicated/) - https://youtu.be/Na2bgWFrKVA The Llama M82 was adopted as the new Spanish Army service pistol to replace aging Star Model B pistols. The design of the side is mechanically almost identical to a Beretta 92, while the frame and controls include a lot of DNA from the commercial Llama Omni. It was adopted in 1986, with the - [RIA: Walther/Heinemann Toggle Lock Sporting Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ria-waltherheinemann-toggle-lock-sporting-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/c_sFAKwHJT0 In 1928 and 1929, the Swiss Rheinmetall company produced about 50 examples of a toggle-locked rifle designed by Karl Heinemann. It was tested by the United States among other countries, but never found military acceptance. This particular example is a Heinemann rifle in sporting pattern, made by the Walther company. I do not know - [Ultralight Silencer: the Carbon Research CR9T](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ultralight-silencer-the-carbon-research-cr9t/) - https://youtu.be/QmPB23wabrM One of the cool new products we found at SHOT Show this year was the CR9T from Carbon Research. This is a small research company that has figured out how to bond metals to carbon fiber in a way that allows them to build a complete suppressor body and baffle stack out of ultralight - [Chinese Warlord C96 Carbine from Taku Naval Dockyard](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-warlord-c96-carbine-from-taku-naval-dockyard/) - https://youtu.be/1Xv9ribXA0Q "Pistols of the Warlords" is in stock and shipping: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/chinese-pistols Today we are looking at a second Chinese Warlord-Era C96 Mauser carbine. These were made as fancy sporting or presentation arms for important people - just as the original Mauser-made C96 carbines were. This example was made at the Taku Naval Dockyard, a facility - [Slovenian SAR80: Sterling Out-Simplifies the AR-180](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/slovenian-sar80-sterling-out-simplifies-the-ar-180/) - https://youtu.be/CQOpP1AI4qY The British Sterling firm designed the SAR-80 (specifically, their engineer Frank Waters) as a very simple rifle to sell to countries outside the main NATO/Warsaw spheres of influence. Sterling ended up getting a license to produce the AR-18 though, and didn't put Water's design into production. When the newly formed Chartered Industries of Singapore - [Interview w/ Biofire's Lead Designer: Features and Reliability](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/interview-w-biofires-lead-designer-features-and-reliability/) - https://youtu.be/WPYzP-l6lJQ When I visited Biofire, I was able to spend several hours discussing the history of the gun with its creator, lead designer, and lead engineer. We also completely stripped one of the guns down to its component circuit boards and pins - but much of this information is still under NDA until the guns - [Hi-Point Leading the People: The New 3095 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hi-point-leading-the-people-the-new-3095-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/GMqlvIXNlU8 Hi-Point has chosen to release a new carbine, the Model 3095 - in 7.65mm French Long! Well, not quite...it's actually in .30 Super Carry. But it will run 7.65mm French Long, so I clearly need to have one... If you are familiar with the other carbine Hi-Point makes, you will find no surprises in - [Hunting Rifles for Greenland: M1917 Enfield](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hunting-rifles-for-greenland-m1917-enfield/) - https://youtu.be/bESPDJg7vtE Greenland is a remote and desolate land without a significant industrial base, but there is a demand for hunting rifles there. As the place has long been a Danish colony since 1814, its trade was restricted to Denmark - including rifles. The Danish military received a substantial number of M1917 Enfield rifles in .30-06 - [Biofire: The First Worthwhile "Smart Gun"?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biofire-the-first-worthwhile-smart-gun/) - https://youtu.be/2cRm9BMxl90 Note: The New Jersey law that would ban sale of regular guns once "smart guns" were deemed commercially viable is no longer on the books. 0:00 - Introduction 4:12 - Electronic elements 6:50 - User "presence" system 8:30 - Mechanical gun elements 11:11 - User enrollment/setup 15:29 - On the Range 18:14 - Security - [The Story Behind Ian's Shrapnel Kaboom](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-story-behind-ians-shrapnel-kaboom/) - https://youtu.be/YDuoj7KR-CA Don't have medical gear or training? Code "IAN" gets you 10% off med kits and training classes: https://www.refugemedical.com About 6 years ago, I had an accident at the range. We talked about it at the time, but didn't say what the gun involved was, in order to keep the discussion focused on safety and - [Near-Complete Failure: Delta CAR-15 at Midnight Brutality 2023](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/near-complete-failure-delta-car-15-at-midnight-brutality-2023/) - https://youtu.be/pGzZZClpXjo Thanks to the 1 Shepherd cadre for making Midnight Brutality possible! And thanks to our excellent match sponsors: Tactical Night Vision Company (TNVC) B.E. Meyers Advanced Photonics Live Q or Die Varusteleka Midnight Brutality was a 6-stage all-nighttime match held at the Echo Valley Training Center. It was designed to test gear and skills - [Ian and Jackson Crawford Discuss Making the Viking Atgeirr Videos](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ian-and-jackson-crawford-discuss-making-the-viking-atgeirr-videos/) - https://youtu.be/dGdaiGcbmis Dr. Jackson Crawford and I got the idea for our collaborative April fools videos on Viking firearms and gunpowder almost 8 months ago, when we visited Iceland together on the way to Finnish Brutality 2022. We took some time this week to talk about the origins of the videos and some of the Easter - [The Rare Chinese Stamped Receiver SKS](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-rare-chinese-stamped-receiver-sks/) - https://youtu.be/V273FlErNls In 1970 and 1971, China experimented with a stamped-receiver version of the SKS. About 6,000 of these rifles were made each of the two years, and a number of them have come into the US as commercial exports. We don't have any official records from China about this program, but it seems clear that - [Viking Atgeirr: Reevaluating the Origins of European Firearms](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/viking-atgeirr-reevaluating-the-origins-of-european-firearms/) - https://youtu.be/ADcbbzx79q8 See Dr. Crawford's video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgyoGS4Niyc "Men of Terror: A Comprehensive Analysis of Viking Combat" on Amazon by Reynir Óskarson and William Short My helmet was generously provided by Grimfrost. I have been privileged to be part of an original research project in collaboration with Dr. Jackson Crawford studying the early medieval origins of - [Prototype Silenced Sten for Paratroops: the Mk4(S)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-silenced-sten-for-paratroops-the-mk4s/) - https://youtu.be/hgkGJPy0TBM The Sten Mk4 was developed experimentally in 1943 for use by British paratroops. It used a remarkably awful folding stock along with a shortened receiver and barrel to make a very compact package - albeit one that must have been very uncomfortable to shoot. Several different models were made, with this one being a - [Book Review: Swords of the Emperor by John Plimpton](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-swords-of-the-emperor-by-john-plimpton/) - https://youtu.be/1cgB6NqXUOw Now in stock and shipping from Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/swords Swords of the Emperor: A Guide to the Identification of Imperial Japanese Swords, 1873 – 1945 is a comprehensive reference work examining a little-studied period in the Japanese swordmaking tradition. Japan is internationally renowned for its traditional swords, but comparatively little has been written about - [Gnome et Rhône R5: A Foiled Communist Arms Plan](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gnome-et-rhone-r5-a-foiled-communist-arms-plan/) - https://youtu.be/U6ovuqaEgh8 The R-5 was a French-made copy of the Sten produced after the 1944 liberation of France. It was built by Gnome et Rhône, a French company best known for making aircraft engines. The Sten was familiar to French forces, as many had been supplied as military aid to the Free French as well as - [Successor to the Scout: Q's 8.6mm Fix](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/successor-to-the-scout-qs-8-6mm-fix/) - https://youtu.be/6fQ45sdwqLQ 0:00 - Purpose of the Fix 6:03 - The 8.6mm Blackout Cartridge 12:33 - Rifle Features 21:13 - Disassembly 29:35 - My Complaints 31:49 - At the Range There is a ton to go over in this video...I noticed the Fix when it first came out, but it didn't become really interesting to me - [All the Fun and None of the Dumb: 1 Shepherd Leadership Institute](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/all-the-fun-and-none-of-the-dumb-1-shepherd-leadership-institute/) - https://youtu.be/SQfBG8GzhfA The Midnight Brutality match was only feasible because of the assistance of the 1 Shepherd Leadership Institute cadre, and so I want to take a few minutes today to talk about just who they are. It is an organization founded in 1981 that uses infantry tactics and exercises to teach leadership. Intended for a - [Prototype Birdshead Grip S&W No.3 Russian](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-birdshead-grip-sw-no-3-russian/) - https://youtu.be/tEP_-WQqSI4 This revolver appears to be one of the pre-production prototypes S&W made for the Russian No.3 revolver contract. Its frame has been expertly converted to a birdshead style. It handles very nicely, but was apparently not ultimately desired by the Russian purchasing commission, and the design was not used beyond this prototype sample. - [MAC Operational Briefcase](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mac-operational-briefcase/) - https://youtu.be/LPZGwxYT4hU This MAC briefcase, gun, and suppressor are lot #1063 at Morphy's April 2019 auction. If a swanky outfit like H&K can make an “Operational Briefcase” with a submachine gun hidden inside it, then you can bet Military Armament Corporation is going to do the same! MAC made these briefcases for both the M10 and - [Swedish AK GRAM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/swedish-ak-gram/) - Editor's note: Edvin Lofthammer is a student as the Swedish Defense University writing a thesis on the adoption of the AK4 by the Swedish military. The following article is an interesting side note of Swedish development that did not fit into the scope of his thesis, but ought to be published nonetheless. by Edvin Lofthammar - [SSG-69: Steyr's Cold War Sniper Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ssg-69-steyrs-cold-war-sniper-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/0cBTuKzrVX4 In the 1960s, Steyr Daimler Pusch developed a modern sniper rifle for the Austrian military (and also for commercial civilian sale). It was adopted as the SSG-69 (Scharfschützen-Gewehr; sharpshooter's rifle), replacing the SSG-98k in military service. Mechanically, the SSG-69 uses a bolt with six rear-mounted locking lugs in 3 pairs, giving it a short - [Russia's Big Fifty on the Range: DShK-38](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/russias-big-fifty-on-the-range-dshk-38/) - https://youtu.be/C0ehb2gQgWk Yesterday we looked at the history and the mechanics of the Soviet heavy machine guns from World War Two, the DShK-38. Today, we are taking it out to the range! - [Ian's Custom SIG P365 at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ians-custom-sig-p365-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/QpyFlw8ESd4 Yesterday we took a look at the design choices I made for my P365, and how I put it together with ModGuns.com . Today, I've got it out at the BUG Match for a trial run! Let's see how it handles... - [Kongsberg M52: A Line-Throwing Rifle (or Harpoon Gun)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kongsberg-m52-a-line-throwing-rifle-or-harpoon-gun/) - https://youtu.be/fUoE0N6alV4 The Norwegian Kongsberg factory has a history of making firearms-based tools for maritime use, and one of the more recent is the M52 line-throwing gun, introduced in the 1950s and sold through the 1970s. It uses a repurposed Mauser action paired with a new smoothbore barrel and a 12mm blank cartridge to fire a - [Italy's M14: The BM-59 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/italys-m14-the-bm-59-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/a_frRgyaCkY Beretta in Italy developed the BM-59 after World War Two as an improvement on the M1 Garand - lightened, shortened, and given a box magazine, bipod, and selector switch. And the did this in a whole lot less time that the US took to finalize the M14. So how does the BM-59 handle? Well, - ["Alk" - A Unique German Target Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/alk-a-unique-german-target-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/A8W6y5HKNwk This is a unique and interesting German proofed .22 rimfire target pistol. It uses a simple blowback slide, which locks open after each shot. It is striker fired, with a 12-inch barrel and a quite nice trigger. The top of the receiver is marked “Alk” in a fancy script engraving, and also has a - [From the American Revolution: Short Land Pattern Brown Bess](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/from-the-american-revolution-short-land-pattern-brown-bess/) - https://youtu.be/PJLV_Y6PLjg The standard weapon of the British Army in the American War of Independence was the “Brown Bess”, and today we are looking at a 1769 Short Land Pattern example of the Brown Bess. This was a smoothbore .75 caliber, 10.2 pound flintlock with a whopping 42 inch barrel (the Long Land Pattern it superseded - [The Very Rare FN CAL at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-very-rare-fn-cal-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/Bl7VxDxM5i4 The FN CAL (Carabine Automatique Legere) was Fabrique Nationale's first attempt at a 5.56mm rifle, and it was not successful. They replaced it with the FNC, which saw much wider success. The CAL is quite scarce today, and it was a very cool opportunity to take one out to the range! It performed rather - [Prototype Silenced Sten Mk4(S) at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-silenced-sten-mk4s-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/-y3DVhTvLKw Yesterday we looked at the mechanics and the history of the Sten Mk4(S), and today we have it out at the range! The very short barrel and its porting reduce the velocity of standard 115gr 9mm ammunition below the speed of sound, and so the gun is very quiet. To my surprise, the complete - [DShK-38: The Soviet Monster .50 Cal HMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dshk-38-the-soviet-monster-50-cal-hmg/) - https://youtu.be/RfzF2h-RBG0 In 1925 the USSR began a program to develop a heavy machine gun for antiaircraft use. After some initial experimentation with a converted Dreyse machine gun, they brought in Degtyarev to scale up his recently-adopted light machine gun to the task. Degtyarev’s first design was ready in 1930, and underwent testing until 1933. It - [Musket to Big-Bore Rimfire: the Roberts Short-Frame Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/musket-to-big-bore-rimfire-the-roberts-short-frame-conversion/) - https://youtu.be/rGGoPjz8O8o Brigadier General Benjamin Stone Roberts designed and patented a fall-block style of breech loading conversion to .58 Rimfire. Over the course of the decade after the Civil War, he was able to sell approximately 23,000 of these conversions. The work was done by the Providence Tool Company, and included two main patterns - the - [VMP 1930 at the Range: does the Monopod Help?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vmp-1930-at-the-range-does-the-monopod-help/) - https://youtu.be/YzLDB0FLYV0 Yesterday we took a look at the mechanics and history of Heinrich Vollmer's 1930 pattern VMP, and today we have it out at the range. I'm curious is the mid-point monopod will actually help or hinder accurate shooting...shall we find out? - [Crude Khyber Pass Webley Revolver Copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/crude-khyber-pass-webley-revolver-copy/) - https://youtu.be/5f4CqajLvvE The town of Dara Adam Khel has became a locus of firearms manufacture in response to the British occupation of Pakistan and Afghanistan in the 19th century, and it has remained dedicated to that industry to the present day. While much of the firearms manufacturing there is done to a much higher standard than - [Cutting Edge Military Hardware for Civilians: Manufrance Mle 1892](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cutting-edge-military-hardware-for-civilians-manufrance-mle-1892/) - https://youtu.be/YPxS5xy1FCw When the French Army adopted the Mle 1892 revolver, it was a huge improvement over the previous standard from 1873. The new sidearm has a swing-out cylinder, simultaneous ejection, was lighter, and used a high-tech new small bore smokeless powder cartridge. With Army adoption came a tremendous interest for the civilian sector. Civilians heading - [SMG With a Monopod? The Vollmer VMP-1930](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/smg-with-a-monopod-the-vollmer-vmp-1930/) - https://youtu.be/3vZMKVEBy1Y In 1925, the German military began a series of secret SMG trials at the Kummersdorf testing grounds. One of the participants was Heinrich Vollmer. He was funded directly by the government for his small arms R&D until 1930, and iteratively developed his design until it went into large-scale production as the Erma EMP. What - [Tallassee Carbine: The Confederacy's Last-Ditch Effort](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tallassee-carbine-the-confederacys-last-ditch-effort/) - https://youtu.be/Gv2lqY0BTu4 In 1863, the Confederate military decided to design a new standard pattern of cavalry carbine. The designs was put together rather quickly at the Richmond Arsenal; a 25 inch barrel, brass furniture, and Enfield type lock. Before production could begin, however, Richmond was deemed too risky of a location. The CSA went looking for - [FG-42: Perhaps the Most Impressive WW2 Shoulder Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fg-42-perhaps-the-most-impressive-ww2-shoulder-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/f01N2QuXFHA The first production version of the FG42 used a fantastically complex milled receiver and a distinctive sharply swept-back pistol grip. A contract to make 5,000 of them was awarded to Krieghoff in late spring of 1943, but by the fall its replacement was already well into development. The milled receiver used a lot of - [Ask Ian: Why So Few Reproduction Historic Guns?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-so-few-reproduction-historic-guns/) - https://youtu.be/6oCVb8PGeuY From Paul on Patreon: "I’ve always thought there were a lot of older guns that deserve to be reproduced, many of which could be really simple to manufacture. PSA is planning the release of their StG44 repro which is exciting. But why don’t we see this sort of thing more often. I suppose not - [Substantial Sale on WWSD Rifles at Brownells](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/substantial-sale-on-wwsd-rifles-at-brownells/) - Just a tip for anyone who has been interested in the WWSD rifles, Brownells has uppers, lowers, and complete rifles all on significant sale right now: WWSD 2021 Lower - $549 ($250 off) In my opinion, this is the best deal of the batch. The lower is kitted out with really great parts - an - [Beretta's New 80X Cheetah at the BUG Match (feat. Symtac)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/berettas-new-80x-cheetah-at-the-bug-match-feat-symtac/) - https://youtu.be/jqQEB_vFCjk Back in 1975, Beretta introduced a line of mid-size semiauto pistols. The Model 81 was in .32 ACP (intended for the European market) and the Model 84 was chambered for .380 ACP for Americans. These both used double-stack magazines, and single-stack versions followed a few years later (the 82 and 85). Additional models were - [Ask Ian: "Last Ditch" Rifles for World War III?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-last-ditch-rifles-for-world-war-iii/) - https://youtu.be/1SDL4n8yUe8 From Thunderchild on Patreon: "How would you see a modern major nation (US, USSR/Russia, China, etc) simplify their small arms in a large scale war, WW3 or Cold War gone hot? You've mentioned in the past how most nations end up having to simplify to meet demands, so why not start simplified?" The reason - [AR57: Fun Times with a Tiny Carbine (aka FSS Hurricane)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ar57-fun-times-with-a-tiny-carbine-aka-fss-hurricane/) - https://youtu.be/zXnI_tsFs2U Thanks to MagPul for sponsoring this video! I was happy to use one of their new Daka Grid rifle cases today - it's a very cool system that will be of great use for me both because of its modular configurability and its excellent security. The AR-57 is a system developed by Rhineland Arms - [Building a Custom SIG P365 With ModGuns.com](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/building-a-custom-sig-p365-with-modguns-com/) - https://utreon.com/v/VXMSAFffTqK Today's video is about my project to build a custom SIG P365 at ModGuns. Like the P320, the P365 is built around a steel Fire Control Unit as the legal, serialized firearm. Everything else - barrels, grip frames, slides, etc - can be changed around like Legos. Now, there isn't as much aftermarket support - [TCCC: Trauma Medicine for Military and Civilians w/ Archangel Dynamics](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tccc-trauma-medicine-for-military-and-civilians-w-archangel-dynamics/) - https://youtu.be/DwkA8fSHOSw I recently spent a weekend taking a TCCC (Tactical Combat Casualty Care) course from Myles Francis at Archangel Dynamics. TCCC is a program originally developed by the Naval Special Warfare School to improve battlefield survivability by specifically modernizing immediate pre-evacuation care doctrine. Retrospective studies showed that a significant number of fatalities had been potentially - [SSG-98k: Austria Repurposes German Sniper Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ssg-98k-austria-repurposes-german-sniper-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/kChestVaAgY In the aftermath of World War Two, the Austrian Army was basically disarmed and disbanded. When it was allowed to reform in the 1950s, it needed new armaments, and in 1958 it adopted the SSG-98k as a new sniper's rifle. This replaced the leftover German K98k snipers that had been used by the small - [Darne Model 1933: An Economic & Modular Interwar MG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/darne-model-1933-an-economic-modular-interwar-mg/) - https://youtu.be/1TbG1Y2t-sg The Darne company was one of relatively few private arms manufacturers in France, best known for shotguns. During World War One they got into the machine gun trade, making licensed Lewis guns for the French air service. After making a few thousand of those, Regis Darne designed his own belt-fed machine gun in 1917. - [One Cartridge Two Zeros: SIG Romeo 9T](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/one-cartridge-two-zeros-sig-romeo-9t/) - https://youtu.be/YFjJ9FyO6T4 In its continuing effort to provide everything for the US military from shoelaces to fighter jets, SIG has developed an optic which resolves a challenge with .300 Blackout and other calibers which offer both supersonic and subsonic loadings. Namely, how does one zero an optic for such a rifle? SIG's answer was to build - [Bechowiec: Polish Teenager Makes a Resistance SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bechowiec-polish-teenager-makes-a-resistance-smg/) - https://youtu.be/vNoyjHwVCmQ The Bechowiec (or Beha) is a fascinating SMG produced in small numbers in southern Poland under German occupation during World War Two. It was made for use by the Bataliony Chłopskie (Peasant Battalions) by a young man named Henryk Strąpoć. Henryk built his first (quite illegal) gun at the age of 15 in 1937, - [HS95: Croatia Builds a Modern Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hs95-croatia-builds-a-modern-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/B7LfV6tFauw The HS-95 was developed by HS Produkt to replace the PHP pistols. With the experience of producing many thousands of PHPs, the company had a much better understanding of how to design a pistol for production, which is immediately obvious in the HS95. It is a traditional tilting-barrel Browning action, with an external DA/SA - [Austrian Troop Training: Erma EL-24 .22 Kit for the Steyr M95 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/austrian-troop-training-erma-el-24-22-kit-for-the-steyr-m95-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/ydPVasq2t_Y The German company Erma (Erfurter Maschinenfabrik) developed a .22 rimfire kit for the Mauser 98 for the German Army in the 1920s. It was used for training, both to allow for more effective fundamental practice without the noise and recoil of full size cartridges but also to reduce ammunition cost of training and to - [Parabellum 1914/17: Germany's Ultimate Aircraft Maxim](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/parabellum-1914-17-germanys-ultimate-aircraft-maxim/) - https://youtu.be/ylLYUi0PIwM Forgotten Weapons merino wool hoodies from Varusteleka: https://www.varusteleka.com/en/product/forgotten-weapons-sarma-merino-wool-hoodie/72488 The DWM company in Germany had a license on the Maxim gun design prior to World War One. They produced the rather old-fashioned MG08 for the German army, but also wanted to have a modernized type of gun for commercial sales. This was the Model 1913 - [Roth Theodorovic Prototypes: From Very Awkward to Mostly Ungainly](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/roth-theodorovic-prototypes-from-very-awkward-to-mostly-ungainly/) - https://youtu.be/_ncQxSDLeuo Today we are going to take a looks at a series of six prototype Roth Theodorovic pistols. These were a design that competed in Austrian pistol trials around the turn of the century, and eventually lost out to the Roth Krnka (adopted as the Roth-Steyr M.7). For details on the political background to these - [Why Are Short Barreled Rifles Actually Regulated in the US?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/why-are-short-barreled-rifles-actually-regulated-in-the-us/) - https://youtu.be/lsE0naVApPU The simple truth is that short rifles and short shotguns were never a problem, and continue to not be a problem today. The 1934 National Firearms Act originally wanted to restrict handgun ownership, and the clauses relating to SBRs and SBSs were simply to close the loophole of a person cutting down a rifle - [Felk TF919: Australia and Spain Team Up to Make a Lousy Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/felk-tf919-australia-and-spain-team-up-to-make-a-lousy-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/JEk3ZPUKBI4 Edward Felk was an Australian who decided to produce semiauto pistols in Australia. In 1994 he patented a couple features of his new design, and set about finding a way to produce it. He ended up subcontracting with Star of Spain to produce barrels and slides, while the polymer frames were produced in Australia. - [Chrysanthemums in the Snow: Finnish Arisaka Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chrysanthemums-in-the-snow-finnish-arisaka-rifles/) - https://youtu.be/LJMP3lGMQQw When Finland took its independence, the most common type of firearms in the country was the Mosin Nagant - and the second most common was the Arisaka. An assortment of Type 30, Type 35, and Type 38 Arisaka rifles and carbines were left to the Finns by former Russian occupying soldiers. Where did they - [Yugoslav M72: The Early Balkan RPK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yugoslav-m72-the-early-balkan-rpk/) - https://youtu.be/2qg3F7lKXSw When the Yugoslav Peoples' Army began AK development, they produced the M64 infantry rifle and the M65 support weapon. The M65 had a longer and heavier profile barrel and a bipod - and in its very early experimental iterations a quick-change barrel mechanism and a folding carry handle. By the time it entered regular - [Inkunzi Strike 20mm Grenade Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/inkunzi-strike-20mm-grenade-machine-gun/) - https://youtu.be/MlgseOGcFDw Tony Neophytou developed this for Denel Land Systems, which has completely fallen apart as a company and left it now as his own independent design, with no manufacturer. I filmed this video in 2018, to show the prototype version of the Strike, which has since been improved and further developed. Perhaps some day it - [Midnight Brutality Further Explained (Competitor Spaces Still Available)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/midnight-brutality-further-explained-competitor-spaces-still-available/) - https://youtu.be/Hr5AJb1XLdM https://practiscore.com/inrangetv-s-midnight-brutality-2023/register What is Midnight Brutality? Basically, it's a brutality match being held completely in the dark, designed for NVGs and thermal optics - and also open to white-light setups. It's a rifle/PCC-only match, six stages, held at the Echo Valley Training Center in West Virginia on the nights of March 10/11 and 11/12, 2023. - [Romanian Orita Model 1941/48](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/romanian-orita-model-1941-48/) - https://youtu.be/N0uM0UNBA18 The Orita SMG was designed by a Romanian Army Captian Marin Orita in 1941, and went into service in 1943. It was used primarily in Southern Europe in late WW2 with Romanian forces. It was a wood-stocked, simple blowback, 9x19mm weapon. As originally designed, the Model 1941 Orita was not drop-safe, and this was - [State of the Channel: 2023 (A Few Changes Coming)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/state-of-the-channel-2023-a-few-changes-coming/) - https://youtu.be/LaLZb5BrY7E Want to help support Forgotten Weapons? Benefits include: - Ad-free videos (all levels) - Behind-the-scenes weekly updates ($3) - Monthly livestream Q&As ($5) - Early access to videos ($20 Patron / $10 Utreon) Subscribe to any of these platforms: https://utreon.com/c/forgottenweapons/ http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons http://www.floatplane.com/channel/ForgottenWeapons I also have merchandise available, including great stuff form Varusteleka in Finland: - [Field to Table: Elk Hunt (with a $10,000 muzzleloader)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/field-to-table-elk-hunt-with-a-10000-muzzleloader/) - https://youtu.be/W4EJyLkkqgY https://fromfieldtotable.com When I decided that I wanted to try out hunting as a way to source my own meat and enjoy the outdoors in a new way, I really didn't know where to start. I didn't have any family who hunted when I was growing up, and I don't live in an area where - [Copy of a Knockoff: Chinese Warlord Version of a Bestigui Model H](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/copy-of-a-knockoff-chinese-warlord-version-of-a-bestigui-model-h/) - https://youtu.be/gwKEeC2JIXY Interested in Chinese Warlord-Era pistols? My new book on the subject is now available at: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/chinese-pistols It was no secret in the international arms market that Mauser was doing a tremendous business selling C96 pistols into Warlord-era China in the 1920s. The C96 was an imposing and powerful handgun that was highly regarded in - [PHP MV-9: The First Croatian Pistol (Both Models)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/php-mv-9-the-first-croatian-pistol-both-models/) - https://youtu.be/fTU2wtLC7Zg Croatian engineer Marko Vukovic first developed his P38-based pistol in the late 1980s for the Yugoslav Peoples' Army. It was left unadopted at that time, but when Croatia declared independence in 1991 the gun found a new life. The newly formed Croatian armed forces needed quite a lot of small arms. Vukovic brought his - [Alligator Creek: America Learns to Fight the Japanese](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/alligator-creek-america-learns-to-fight-the-japanese/) - https://youtu.be/QJM_awoYon8 The Battle of Alligator Creek (aka Battle of the Tenaru) was a formative moment in the American World War Two psyche. After making an unopposed landing on Guadalcanal and taking its mostly-completed airfield at minimal cost, the US Marines had to defend their permitter on the night of August 21st, 1942. Colonel Kiyonoa Ichiki - [Guadalcanal's Red Beach Landing: America's First Offensive in WW2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/guadalcanals-red-beach-landing-americas-first-offensive-in-ww2/) - https://youtu.be/oJ3KLkJxhzU After joining (formally) World War Two in the wake of Pearl Harbor, the United States endured a series of defeats at the hands of the Japanese. The Philippines garrison fell, Wake Island fell, Guam fell. British possessions in Southeast Asia teetered and fell as well - the campaign was not going well for the - [Germany's L26 Silencer for the K98k, G43, and StG44](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/germanys-l26-silencer-for-the-k98k-g43-and-stg44/) - https://youtu.be/ZJYPsUboKOI Patented in Germany as System Schätzle, the L26 was a departure from the copies of the Russian wipe-based silencer designs. The L26 used a set of six identical cone-shaped metal baffles inside a simple tube. It attached to a rifle by clamping around the front sight, just like the rifle grenade launcher developed for - [Book Review: Vickers Guide Heckler & Koch Volume 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-vickers-guide-heckler-koch-volume-1/) - https://youtu.be/t1O9zF0R_R0 Only available direct from Vickers Guide. The Vickers Guide series of books by Larry Vickers and James Rupley began as beautifully photographed firearms art books - and that's all they claim to be today. However, with the release of Heckler & Koch Volume 1, the series is doing something really cool: it's leaning into - [Ian Ruins the Elbonian Sniper Corps](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ian-ruins-the-elbonian-sniper-corps/) - https://youtu.be/-_mX9grIo-Y Today's Q&A is from Tim on Patreon: "The great nation of Elbonia is looking to spin up a sniper program. But they know better than to adopt ZF41 scopes. What rifles do you attempt to sell them?" After some consideration, I would try to sabotage the Elbonian Sniper Corps by supplying them with equipment - [Bonus: MSBS Grot at the Range (Standard, Bullpup, & 7.62mm)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bonus-msbs-grot-at-the-range-standard-bullpup-7-62mm/) - https://youtu.be/oCmLg-YrnFM After touring the Fabryka Broni factory in Radom and filming the history of the MSBS "Grot" development, I had the chance to try out the rifle in several different configurations. We didn't have time to film a full-length video, but I did get some footage of running the standard MSBS both left- and right-hand - [Ask Ian: What is Headspace? (And Why It Matters)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-what-is-headspace-and-why-it-matters/) - https://youtu.be/15VdGJSFihI From LongBeef on Patreon: "What exactly is headspace? And how important is headspace in old milsurp guns vs. more modern guns?" Headspace is basically the amount of play a cartridge has in a chamber. There has to be some to account for manufacturing variations in guns and ammunition, but too much or too little - [Marko Vukovik's Prototype Machine Pistol: the V.M.18](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/marko-vukoviks-prototype-machine-pistol-the-v-m-18/) - https://youtu.be/TkA4Jazhs6c Today we continue our series on the development of Croatian pistols towards the XD line. Last week we saw Marko Vukovic's first design, and today we are looking at his second. This was the V.M.18, a step towards a more proven system instead of the really unusual flapper locking of the Kordun. The VM18 - [Kordun 7.62: A Double-Stack Tokarev Pistol from Yugoslavia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/kordun-7-62-a-double-stack-tokarev-pistol-from-yugoslavia/) - https://youtu.be/XOFizG0hfS0 The “Kordun” (named after a region in Croatia) was the first pistol design from Marko Vukovic, lead designer for IM Metal and later HS Produkt. It was made in 1985 for the Yugoslav Peoples’ Army, with the goal of being a softer-shooting and higher capacity sidearm than the then-standard M57 Tokarev. The Cordon is - [Finland's Browning High Power Rig](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/finlands-browning-high-power-rig/) - https://youtu.be/kR_P431ER2o Finland used a variety of FN pistols prior to WW2, and had already evaluated the High Power when Russian invaded and the Winter War began. With an urgent need for more arms, Finland ordered a batch of High Power pistols, which FN was happy to include with the other arms orders already being delivered - [Bonus Material: Flux Raider at Desert Brutality 2022](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bonus-material-flux-raider-at-desert-brutality-2022/) - https://youtu.be/D6yPfZuN3pY I ran Desert Brutality 2022 this year with a B&T USW-320; a modern stocked pistol chassis for the SIG 320 pistol. One similar product on the market right now is the Flux Defense Raider, and at the match I discovered that Eric was using one of those as a PCC, just like I was - [Announcing "Tobacco of the Emperor" from Headstamp Publishing!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-tobacco-of-the-emperor-from-headstamp-publishing/) - https://youtu.be/1EWCD1xkAg0 Pre-order your copy of Tobacco of the Emperor today! I'm excited to announce an additional new book form Headstamp Publishing: Tobacco of the Emperor, by Patrick Phillips. This is a guide to Japanese cigarettes and related material form the turn of the century until the endow World War Two. Beautifully photographed by James Rupley, - [Tsingtao Ironworks C96 Carbine - A Fancy Carbine for a Wealthy Client](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tsingtao-ironworks-c96-carbine-a-fancy-carbine-for-a-wealthy-client/) - https://youtu.be/O5ICHdft0fI Today we are looking at a high-end C96 Mauser pattern sporting carbine made by the Tsingtao Ironworks. Only a few dozen of these were made, and this one survives in excellent condition. It is a good example of how some guns in Warlord China were made by skilled craftsmen with excellent tools and with - [Desert Brutality 2022: Finland Edition (Valmet & Valmet)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/desert-brutality-2022-finland-edition-valmet-valmet/) - https://youtu.be/1UsDUtPa2xc For my main run through Desert Brutality this year, I decided to have fun with a full historical load out - or at least a mostly-historical load out. I used a Valmet M62/S (the semiauto version of the Finnish Rk62 military rifle) and a Lahti L-35 (Finland's domestic military pistol). To go along with - [Ask Ian: .223 vs 5.56 and "Military Grade Ammo"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-223-vs-5-56-and-military-grade-ammo/) - https://youtu.be/-fmcdaAOkY4 From Michal on Patreon: "Can you talk about difference between .223 Remington and 5.56 NATO? Or in more general terms about possibility of using military grade ammo in civilian rifles. I heard everything from 'it will explode' to 'it will work normally'." The short answer is that the difference between .223 Remington and 5.56mm - [Japan's Weaponized WW2 Opium Cigarettes](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japans-weaponized-ww2-opium-cigarettes/) - https://youtu.be/gkkK-30IopM Pre-order your copy of Tobacco of the Emperor today! Patrick Phillips is back with me today to discuss the very real Japanese tactic of smuggling opium-laced cigarettes into China in an effort to undermine Chinese military resistance to Japanese invasion... - [Tobacco of the Emperor: Japanese WW2 Military Cigarettes and More](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tobacco-of-the-emperor-japanese-ww2-military-cigarettes-and-more/) - https://youtu.be/QVRhAVBvfUs Pre-order your copy of Tobacco of the Emperor today! Today I'm happy to have Patrick Phillips with me, author of the upcoming Headstamp book "Tobacco of the Emperor". We are going to look at several aspects of Japanese military tobacco, and a couple particularly interesting surviving examples... - [From Aircraft to Improvised Infantry: the Vickers MkI No2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/from-aircraft-to-improvised-infantry-the-vickers-mki-no2/) - https://youtu.be/pJgDvnmbk8E The Vickers MkI No2 was an improvisation of the British Royal Air Force. They needed arms for airbase defense, without unduly impacting the production of weapons for the infantry. Wheat they had a good supply of were Vickers Gas-Operated (aka Vickers K-class) guns that had been used in now-obsolete aircraft with flexible observers' guns. - [Type 94 Japanese 37mm Antitank Gun on Guadalcanal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/type-94-japanese-37mm-antitank-gun-on-guadalcanal/) - https://youtu.be/j0nRgCfoBE0 The Type 94 was the standard infantry antitank gun of the Japanese Army during World Ware Two. It was developed in the early 1930s as tensions with the Soviet Union rose; there had not been much need for Japanese antitank weapons in China. However, high explosive ammunition was also made for the gun, and - [Ask Ian: Going Broke Making Guns During War](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-going-broke-making-guns-during-war/) - https://youtu.be/EKZGeUrG4N8 From Jubs on Patreon: "They say that 'no one's gone bankrupt making guns during a war,' but is that actually true?" It's usually true, but not always. Even during a war, you can make enough bad choices that you can go bankrupt as a gun manufacturer, and Hopkins & Allen is a perfect example - [How the No2 Revolver Lost its Hammer Spur (A Correction & A Story)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-the-no2-revolver-lost-its-hammer-spur-a-correction-a-story/) - https://youtu.be/WDoLwAzmmRY In my previous video on the Albion-production No2 revolvers, I said that the removal of the single action capability and hammer spur from the design was done because of problems armored vehicle crews had with the hammers catching on hatches. That was wrong, and today I want to correct it and also explain the - [Błyskawica: The Polish Home Army's Clandestine SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/blyskawica-the-polish-home-armys-clandestine-smg/) - https://youtu.be/fBQ3XXpyBTw The Blyskawica ("LIghtning") is an SMG developed in occupied Poland to be issued out to Home Army units during Operation Tempest; the liberation uprisings planned for the advance of the Red Army into Poland. The gun was developed starting in September 1942 by two engineers, Wacław Zawrotny and Seweryn Wielanier. Both were smart and - [MSBS Grot: The Complete History of Poland's New Army Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/msbs-grot-the-complete-history-of-polands-new-army-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/R9A54ODrzq0 The MSBS Grot is Poland's current military service rifle, and has gone through several iterations in the many years of its development that led to its current 2nd generation form. It is best known in the US as a rifle designed to be interchangeable between standard and bullpup layout, although that capability was dropped - [RWGŁ-3: Poland's Riot Squad AK-Based Tear Gas Launcher](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rwgl-3-polands-riot-squad-ak-based-tear-gas-launcher/) - https://youtu.be/0H538_7VSdU When Polish workers held massive protests in Poznań against the communist Polish government in 1956, the Army was sent in to quell the unrest. In the aftermath of these events, the government decided to create a riot police squad to handle any future such situations. When this unit was put to use in the - [RWGŁ-2: An AK/Mosin Hybrid Gas Launcher](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rwgl-2-an-ak-mosin-hybrid-gas-launcher/) - https://youtu.be/G0WKfiobonk When Polish workers held massive protests in Poznań against the communist Polish government in 1956, the Army was sent in to quell the unrest. In the aftermath of these events, the government decided to create a riot police squad to handle any future such situations. When this unit was put to use in the - [RWGL-1: A Hybrid PM63/Mosin Gas Launcher](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rwgl-1-a-hybrid-pm63-mosin-gas-launcher/) - https://youtu.be/YaxTur6fMaQ When Polish workers held massive protests in Poznań against the communist Polish government in 1956, the Army was sent in to quell the unrest. In the aftermath of these events, the government decided to create a riot police squad to handle any future such situations. When this unit was put to use in the - [Iceland's Domestic Guns: The Drífa and Others](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/icelands-domestic-guns-the-drifa-and-others/) - https://youtu.be/hMsqIJr9M3w Today I have the very cool opportunity to bring you a history of Icelandic domestic firearms manufacturing, courtesy of the Veiðisafnið - the Hunting Museum of Iceland: https://www.hunting.is/english/ The first documented record of a firearm on Iceland dates to 1482, appearing in a description of a legal dispute between two farmers. The first recording - [The History of Drop-In Auto Sears](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-history-of-drop-in-auto-sears/) - https://utreon.com/v/Dv314wi3TLC When Colt decided to sell a semiauto-only civilian version of its AR-15 rifle, it had to make a number of changes to the design of the lower receiver to prevent full-auto fire control parts from being used. These changes would make a semiauto AR receiver legally distinct form a full-auto one, and thus not - [CZ Bren 2 "PDW" at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cz-bren-2-pdw-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/kIXLPnopFuA After a lot of requests from law enforcement and military organizations, CZ developed a collapsing buttstock for the Bren 2 rifle. It requires a different upper receiver than the standard Bren 2, although that upper will become standard in future production. Combined with a short barrel, the collapsing stock makes for a pretty short - [PTRS 41: The Soviet Semiauto Antitank Rifle (aka an SKS on Steroids)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ptrs-41-the-soviet-semiauto-antitank-rifle-aka-an-sks-on-steroids/) - https://youtu.be/MQrGqiyTttY Prior to World War Two, the Soviet Union had a rather lackluster interest in antitank rifles - a series of guns were developed, but slowly and without all that much success. The Barbarossa invasion gave a very immediate need for just this sort of weapon, however, to give Soviet infantry units an organic anti-armor - [New & Classic Forgotten Weapons Merchandise for 2022!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-classic-forgotten-weapons-merchandise-for-2022/) - https://youtu.be/QbGGdMY_ntc The holiday spending season has arrived, and so I have my annual rundown on some of the nice merchandise options I have available from Forgotten Weapons... At the Shop, we are introducing a couple new items: - An embedded-bullet rocks glass - Long-sleeve hooded lightweight wicking shirt - Utility long-sleeve shirt I also have - [2-Gun: Suspiciously Silent vs Ludicrously Loud](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/2-gun-suspiciously-silent-vs-ludicrously-loud/) - https://youtu.be/c2xFHiQM-7o This month's 2-Gun match was three pretty short stages, so my friend Tom and I decided to just play with a fun theme - he brought a pair of huge .50-caliber cannons (.50AE Desert Eagle and a .50 Beowulf AR) and I brought a pair of very quiet guns (SilencerCo Maxim-9 and Q Honey - [Frommer Pistolen-MG Model 1917: A Crazy Villar Perosa Copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/frommer-pistolen-mg-model-1917-a-crazy-villar-perosa-copy/) - https://youtu.be/8y3-qQUQAgA After encountering Italian Villar Perosa machine pistols in the field, Austro-Hungarian troops requested a similar weapon. The project was given to FÉG to work on, and the result was the Pistolen-MG Model 1917: a pair of Frommer Stop pistols with long barrels and 25-round magazines, redesigned to fire from the open bolt, mounted to - [Modular Guns: Assembling a SIG USW-320](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/modular-guns-assembling-a-sig-usw-320/) - https://youtu.be/fPwpHUolVgc Today I'm at SIG Sauer Parts (soon to be ModGuns) to play around with assembling a SIG 320. I've always been interested in stocked pistols, and so I'm going to take this opportunity to put together a USW (Universal Service Weapon). This originated as a complete pistol made by B&T (based on the CZ75) - [Evaluating the Modern Stocked Pistol: USW-320 at Desert Brutality 2022](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/evaluating-the-modern-stocked-pistol-usw-320-at-desert-brutality-2022/) - https://youtu.be/1Nf4rk6Dai0 This year I was able to shoot Desert Brutality twice - one during the normal match and once the day before as part of "Trooper" division. That's where you carry all of your gear for the whole match (including food and all ammo) through all of the stages, shoot the whole match in one - [Colt vs Collier: Patents Lawsuits and Lawyers Oh My!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-vs-collier-patents-lawsuits-and-lawyers-oh-my/) - https://youtu.be/7ZmMjZ_LTUM “Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=7zdbzu Most of the historical recognition of Elisha Collier comes from the 1851 and 1852 patent infringement lawsuits Colt files against Wesson & Leavitt and other revolver manufacturers. Colt was claiming these other guns in - [Art and Engineering: Field Stripping a Second Model Collier](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/art-and-engineering-field-stripping-a-second-model-collier/) - https://youtu.be/EE1lU-_SIcU “Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=1n89n0 Courtesy of esteemed collector Frank Graves, Professor Ben Nicholson and I are disassembling a gorgeous example of a second model Collier revolver today. The Collier really is equal parts art and engineering; half made - [Clockwork to Percussion: Collier Revolver Types and Timeline](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/clockwork-to-percussion-collier-revolver-types-and-timeline/) - https://youtu.be/SAiqEgll7k4 “Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=1s3pxu What were the different patterns of Collier, and what was the timeline of their development and production? Today I'm discussing this with Professor Ben Nicholson, author of Headstamp's most recent book, "Clockwork Basilisk". We - [Collier Reproductions and Fakes - Who and Why?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/collier-reproductions-and-fakes-who-and-why/) - https://youtu.be/DhIMQ8v2eK8 "Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=4gzkeh Today I'm again joined by Professor Ben Nicholson, author of the newest Headstamp Publishing book, Clockwork Basilisk. We are discussing the different sorts of fake and reproduction Collier revolvers, although the subject is pertinent - [Firepower Back to the 1500s: Pre-Collier Repeaters](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/firepower-back-to-the-1500s-pre-collier-repeaters/) - https://youtu.be/lelAI_AwO-c “Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=9k8yzv Samuel Colt wasn't the first person to invent a revolver, and Artemas Wheeler wasn't either. Today Professor Ben Nicholson joins me to discuss the history of repeating firearms before Wheeler and Collier - a - [Tales of the Hunt: Stories from Writing Clockwork Basilisk](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tales-of-the-hunt-stories-from-writing-clockwork-basilisk/) - https://youtu.be/nS_zc945NVA “Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler" is available right now for preorder on Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/headstamp/clockwork-basilisk?ref=9fouz5 Today Professor Ben Nicholson joins me to talk about some of the work behind the scenes to create "Clockwork Basilisk". From unexpected museum finds to Maori war chiefs, this book was the product of - [Announcing Clockwork Basilisk: Headstamp's Fifth Book](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/announcing-clockwork-basilisk-headstamps-fifth-book/) - https://youtu.be/qLYPeZUYnug I am very excited to announce today the launch of Headstamp Publishing's fifth book, Clockwork Basilisk: The Early Revolvers of Elisha Collier and Artemas Wheeler. Written by Professor Ben Nicholson and a team of researchers, this is a groundbreaking study of the forefather of all modern revolvers. Collier and Wheeler created a true flintlock - [FN's Millionth Pistol: Presented to John Browning; Saved by a Belgian Cop](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fns-millionth-pistol-presented-to-john-browning-saved-by-a-belgian-cop/) - https://youtu.be/3UaMMXA_73I Fabrique Nationale was formed as a consortium of small gunmakers to produce Mauser rifles for the Belgian Army, and when that work was complete the company basically had nothing else to do...until they met John Browning. Browning had a new pistols design and needed a manufacturer - and FN happened to be a manufacturer - [Q&A: Desert Brutality Road Trip Edition](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-desert-brutality-road-trip-edition/) - https://youtu.be/9O8Tp2_3sdY 0:58 - Powernap - How do PMCs handle NFA issues and training. 2:46 - Tyler - Thoughts on the influx of MP5 copies? 4:40 - Beef Supreme - Advice for first-time Brutality match competitors 10:25 - Josh - Ketchup on hot dogs? 11:16 - Kurosawa - Do I consider myself a competitive target shooter - [Scotland's Only WW2 Military Firearm: Albion Motors No2 MkI** Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/scotlands-only-ww2-military-firearm-albion-motors-no2-mki-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/aPn8dGYPoYM One of the lessons the British military took from the Great War was that without extensive training and practice, most people were not very effective with a large-bore revolver. So in 1922, they undertook a program (via Webley) to develop a smaller sidearm that could be used with much less training. The result was - [TT33 Tokarev at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tt33-tokarev-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/erIpdzYizfw My holster and mag carrier in this match are made by BattleGnome Solutions in Slovenia, and available worldwide exclusively from the Polenar Tactical web store: https://polenartactical.com/shop/holsters/1363-tt-holster-bgs.html I was talking to the guys who operate BattleGnome at Lynx Brutality this summer, as they also made the holster and mag carriers for the Arex Delta I - [Vektor Mini-SS: South Africa's Answer to the FN Minimi](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vektor-mini-ss-south-africas-answer-to-the-fn-minimi/) - https://youtu.be/GoDqrzUKPBQ While under international embargo and at war in the late 1970s, South Africa needed a new 7.62mm GPMG. The answer was Vektor's SS77, a design which would replace the FN MAG in South African service in the 1980s. The gun had really substantial problems for many years, and took a lot of work to - [Belgian Gendarmerie FAL Parts Kits from FN America](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/belgian-gendarmerie-fal-parts-kits-from-fn-america/) - https://youtu.be/LkqVnc0GTqw Someone digging through the warehouses an FN in Herstal found 400 FAL rifles turned in by the Belgian Gendarmerie when they upgraded to newer arms...and they decided to send them to the US as parts kits. So FN America has these 400 kits now, and they are selling them off via lottery (free entry - [Futurama's Lee Lemon Runs the MDP-9 (feat. John McClane)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/futuramas-lee-lemon-runs-the-mdp-9-feat-john-mcclane/) - https://youtu.be/pgskLkLUhLM It's time for the annual Halloween PCC/shotgun match! By popular demand, I went as Futurama's Lee Lemon this year, with the Angstadt Arms MDP-9 PCC. Since the last time I was shooting it, I've gotten a replacement bolt hold-open to hopefully fix the failures to lock open, and a Wilson Combat "Tactical Trigger Unit" - [S&W Pinto: The Wide World of Collecting](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sw-pinto-the-wide-world-of-collecting/) - https://youtu.be/5HqOjUCriOQ “Pinto” is a name given to a specific sort of Smith & Wesson revolver by collectors. It refers to guns - typically J-, K-, and N-frame revolvers but all some semiauto pistols - produced with a mix of blued and nickeled parts. The name derives from the Pinto horse, which has patches of white - [The US Adopts A Maxim: The Colt Model 1904](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-us-adopts-a-maxim-the-colt-model-1904/) - https://youtu.be/Mli6ZsEJ5rw The US Army spent nearly 16 years languidly testing the Maxim gun, but was never willing to actually make a decision until a final trial in 1903 finally settled the matter. The Maxim was deemed the bet available machine gun and a contract was signed with Vickers, Sons, & Maxim to purchase 50 (later - [Grendel SRT: KelTec SU-16 Meets Sako Hunting Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/grendel-srt-keltec-su-16-meets-sako-hunting-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/oACimEtd4-g Correction: The SRT used the Sako AII action, an updated L579 (not the L357) action. George Kellgren is the brains behind KelTec and all their unorthodox designs. But before he formed KelTec, he created Grendel Inc, where he began his long career in the firearms industry. The first gun that Grendel brought to market - [Operation CARPETBAGGER: French Resistance No4 Enfield](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/operation-carpetbagger-french-resistance-no4-enfield/) - https://youtu.be/PlqbCWbPNAA During 1944, the US and UK cooperatively ran a major effort to drop arms and equipment to French Resistance forces in preparation for the Allied landings in France. It began as Operation Carpetbagger with night drops from B24 Liberators in January 1944, and escalated into the summer. Eventually a number of massive daytime drops - [Born in the Heart of Besieged Leningrad: the PPS-42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/born-in-the-heart-of-besieged-leningrad-the-pps-42/) - https://youtu.be/VbTNE0NVUMw One would think that the Shpagin PPSh-41 was as simple as a submachine gun could get, but that wasn’t the case in World War Two USSR. Barely had the PPSh gotten into real production than the Army was looking for something even simpler. An answer came from young designer Aleksey Sudaev with a completely-stamped - [German Troop Trials "Push-Button" Gewehr 41(W)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-troop-trials-push-button-gewehr-41w/) - https://youtu.be/RtY1e4gJqzc When the German Army wanted a new semiauto service rifle in 1941, it received submissions from two companies; Walther and Mauser. Walther’s design didn’t strictly meet the criteria set forth, but it was clearly the better rifle and would eventually win the competition. This involved conducting troop trials, and Walther got an initial contract - [Beretta 38/42: Simplified But Still Excellent](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-38-42-simplified-but-still-excellent/) - https://youtu.be/AlZd1fIEHMo The Beretta Model 38A was an outstanding SMG at the beginning of World War Two, loaded with features and very easy to shoot. However, it was expensive and complex to produce, and pressures of war forced Beretta to progressively simplify its construction. This happened incrementally, but the most obvious set of changes was the - [First to the Fight: The Marines' Reising M50 SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/first-to-the-fight-the-marines-reising-m50-smg/) - https://youtu.be/7AeXrnyv7RA Eugene Reising developed a .45 ACP submachine gun in the late 1930s that was basically the opposite of the Thompson - it was light and handy, fired from a closed bolt with a delayed blowback action, and was inexpensive to produce. Reising contracted with Harrington & Richardson to produce the gun, and when it - [Mauser WW1 Flyer's Rifle: the Flieger Selbstlader Karabiner 1916](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mauser-ww1-flyers-rifle-the-flieger-selbstlader-karabiner-1916/) - https://youtu.be/aSzzeeTpNP8 Paul Mauser dedicated much of his life to the development of a practical semiauto military rifle, and did manage to have a design that was used in combat by Germany in World War One. It began with the model 06/08, a short-recoil, flap-locked design made in both rifle and pistol form. The short recoil - [Leningrad's Emergency-Production PPS-42 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/leningrads-emergency-production-pps-42-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/reUASo1KnTA Yesterday we looked at the history of the PPS-42 and how it was developed into the much more common PPS-43. Today we are taking it out to the range - the only time one of these very scarce gun has been filmed in recent history. - [An Early .45 ACP Reising Model 50 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/an-early-45-acp-reising-model-50-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/rP-lesFwjrM The Reising was adopted by the US Marine Corps and used in campaigns through 1942 and early 1943, and it garnered a pretty poor reputation for reliability on the islands of the Pacific. However, it's a design with a number of advantages, including light weight, good accuracy, and soft shooting. It was excellent for - [Beretta 38/42 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/beretta-38-42-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/jQBzfuiX8ss The pre-war Beretta Model 38A was a magnificent SMG, but it included a fair number of fancy elements that would prove to costly to justify once wartime production needs grew. Beretta would simplify the design progressively over the course of the war. What we have today is a Model 38/42 with a much simpler - [The Added Safety on German Inter-War SMGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-added-safety-on-german-inter-war-smgs/) - https://youtu.be/IE-7vxIqmyo Police in inter-war Germany used a variety of submachine guns, and sometimes added a distinctive extra safety mechanism to them. No patent or documentation ha been uncovered (that I am aware of, anyway), but the exact same device is found on gun from the MP18,I through the MP40, including the MP35, MP28,II, and Erma - [USMC Johnson LMG at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/usmc-johnson-lmg-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/Zczc0UmitDE The Johnson LMG was adopted by the US Marine Corps for specialist units like Paramarines and Raiders, and saw use in some of the fiercest island campaign of the Pacific (in addition to use in Europe by the 1st Special Service Force and others). It was a light and hard-hitting weapon that was well-liked - [Water-Cooled .50s: The US Navy Mk22 Pedestal Mount](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/water-cooled-50s-the-us-navy-mk22-pedestal-mount/) - https://youtu.be/eRuB1r1wr5I In 1942, the US Navy adopted the Mk22 Pedestal mount, which fitted a pair of water-cooled Browning M2 machine guns (one left-hand feed and one right-hand). It was used for antiaircraft use primarily, and was also adopted by the Army as the M46 in 1943. The mount was an update to the previous single-gun - [Forgotten Web Gear: Johnson LMG Magazine Backpack](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/forgotten-web-gear-johnson-lmg-magazine-backpack/) - https://youtu.be/B2zognbKYT8 While the Johnson LMG was issued in limited quantities throughout World War Two, notably to Marine Raiders, Paramarines, and the 1st Special Service Force, the US never issued web gear made for its uniquely-sized magazines. However, a small number of 12-magazine backpacks for the Johnson did find their way into US service, probably originally - [The Soviet Union Adopts an SMG: Degtyarev's PPD-34/38](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-soviet-union-adopts-an-smg-degtyarevs-ppd-34-38/) - https://youtu.be/cio9bKjWZfU The Soviet Union adopted its first submachine gun in 1935 after trials of some 14 different design in 1932/33. The winner of the trials was Vasily Degtyarev, once of the Soviet Union’s most prolific firearms designers. His model 1934 was a simple blowback gun reminiscent of the MP-28,II albeit with different trigger and magazine - [Colt Model 621: An Attempt at an AR-Style Export SAW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-model-621-an-attempt-at-an-ar-style-export-saw/) - https://youtu.be/bSN_WTvltpM During the 1970s and 1980s, Colt wanted to sell not just standard M16 rifle and CAR-15 carbines to foreign military customers, but also wanted to supply support weapons. They put together the Model 621, aka M16A1 “HBAR” (Heavy Barreled Assault Rifle - not the same idea and the HBAR target rifles much more commonly - [Rogers & Spencer .44 Army: Possibly the Best Civil War Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rogers-spencer-44-army-possibly-the-best-civil-war-revolver/) - https://youtu.be/DgyTK3rXX1g Amos Rogers and Julius Spencer ran a company making mostly farm equipment in the 1840s and 1850s. In 1859, they took on a firearms manufacturing contract (as mechanical fabrication companies often do) to make Pettengill revolvers. The Pettengill was not a fantastic design, but it was good enough that after the Civil War broke - [Thompson SMG Cases: Police, FBI, and Secret Service](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/thompson-smg-cases-police-fbi-and-secret-service/) - https://youtu.be/FuLkXQbI95k The Auto Ordnance company made a couple different types of cases for the Thompson SMG, and today we are going to look at two of the most common and one exceptionally cool type. The two most typically found are the Police and FBI cases. Both other these hold the gun along with the detached - [A Very Rare Confederate Columbus Armory Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-very-rare-confederate-columbus-armory-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/OiVMg79k8vI Carbines made by the Columbus Armory are particularly scarce, and their history is not really well understood. They were manufactured by John Gray of Columbus SC, whose brother William Gray was a partner in another (better documented) Georgia arms factory under the director of J.P. Murray. John Gray appear to have started producing guns - [M240 Bravo: America Replaces the M60](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m240-bravo-america-replaces-the-m60/) - https://youtu.be/LbbeCOFkFC8 In 1977, the US military adopted the FN MAG as the M240 in vehicular configuration to replace the less-than-successful M73/M219 machine guns. The USMC would get an early start adapting the 240 to ground configuration (the M240G), but it wasn’t until 1995 that the Army formally replaced the M60 with the MAG in M240B - [Late-Production Degtyarev PPD 34/38 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/late-production-degtyarev-ppd-34-38-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/CXVZvCBC2cg A crash program to produce the PPD 34/38 after the initial battles of the Winter War, even as the improved PPD 40 was being rapidly developed. These are very rare gun today, and we have the chance to take the example out to the range and see how it handles... - [Older Gun With Newer Ammo: A Centerfire Winchester 1866](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/older-gun-with-newer-ammo-a-centerfire-winchester-1866/) - https://youtu.be/4b8vLRisfeI The Winchester 1866 was chambered for the .44 Henry rimfire cartridge, like the Henry rifle before it. Before too long, however, centerfire ammunition began to take over as the best and most common type of cartridge. The Model 1866 continued to sell for decades, but some buyers wanted to use centerfire ammunition in them. - [Valmet M76: Finland's Stamped Receiver AK](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/valmet-m76-finlands-stamped-receiver-ak/) - https://youtu.be/l7s6JDzKSrA Finland adopted the AK in 1962, as the m/62 - a milled receiver pattern. By the late 1960s the Valmet factory was experimenting with stamped receiver design to reduce costs. The first stamped Valmet rifle was the m/71, which used forward-mounted open sights like a regular AK instead of rear-mounted aperture sights. The m/71 - [Something Completely Different: Ian Tries Hákarl; Icelandic Fermented Shark](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/something-completely-different-ian-tries-hakarl-icelandic-fermented-shark/) - https://youtu.be/v2zLK0m4uHs On my recent trip to Finland for Finnish Brutality, I spent a few days first in Iceland, with my friend Dr. Jackson Crawford (https://www.youtube.com/c/JacksonCrawford/). Some Icelandic gun videos are coming, but we also took a moment to try out one uniquely Icelandic foods, most notably hákarl (pronounced "how-cath"). This is arctic shark buried and - [KE Arms vs GWACS: Update (and How You Can Help!)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ke-arms-vs-gwacs-update-and-how-you-can-help/) - https://youtu.be/DXNkl-bz2o0 For a full deep dive into the suit, I suggest checking out the video posted by Runkle of the Bailey just recently, with Uncivil Law and Bloke on the Range as legal guest experts: https://youtu.be/JX0UFC5N4UY If you have personal correspondence with GWACS about feature or future plans, please end copies to KE Arms at: - [Dr. Jackson Crawford's Thoughts on Finnish Brutality 2022](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/dr-jackson-crawfords-thoughts-on-finnish-brutality-2022/) - https://youtu.be/CKqtIfnbWgY I am very happy to have had the chance to introduce my friend Dr. Jackson Crawford to Brutality matches this year, at Finnish Brutality 2022. I thought we should take a few minutes to sit down and talk about his experience in the match as a first-time shooter. I've been doing these for a - [VG45K: Rheinmetall's 8mm Kurz Volksgewehr](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vg45k-rheinmetalls-8mm-kurz-volksgewehr/) - https://youtu.be/BHj1yKUQTA0 As the end of World War Two loomed close, the German arms industry turned to a number of Volkssturm rifle designs. These were the crudest and simplest rifles that could be made to work with minimal time, labor, and raw materials. Most were bolt action rifles chambered for 8x57mm, like the Walther VG-1 - - [Evolving the Cheek Pistol Concept: Calico M950](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/evolving-the-cheek-pistol-concept-calico-m950/) - https://youtu.be/nuGZHjcMjUs I have found the "cheek pistol" concept form Rhett Neumayer at Demonstrated Concepts to be pretty interesting. When I was thinking about what pistol designs might be suitable for this sort of use, the Calico M950 jumped out as a really neat candidate. It's a downward-ejecting design that doesn't have a external moving slide, - [Ask Ian: Most Changed/Updated Rifle of the 20th Century?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-most-changed-updated-rifle-of-the-20th-century/) - https://youtu.be/F4bYrMxVP88 From Nick on Patreon: "What small arm of the 20th century do you think got the most updates and changes from first production model to last? Was the effort worth it? Or should this country/company have adopted an entirely new design at some point before that last production?" After initially jumping to the Mosin - [MAC Model 1947 Prototype SMGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mac-model-1947-prototype-smgs/) - https://youtu.be/btyGG2wfwoY Today's video - and many others - have been made possible in part by my friend Shéhérazade (Shazzi) Samimi-Hoflack. She is a real estate agent in Paris who specializes in working with English-speakers, and she has helped me arrange places to stay while I'm filming in France. I know that exchange rates make this - [First Shots: FN's New High Power](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/first-shots-fns-new-high-power/) - https://youtu.be/XkP6uPpdrTo Today I'm taking FN's new High Power out to the range for some first shots. I'm curious to see if it really is more comfortable to shoot than the original High Power, and if it can digest a wide variety of ammunition (something the originals were not great at)... - [What Would Browning Do: FN's New High Power](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/what-would-browning-do-fns-new-high-power/) - https://youtu.be/UKMrjQQsVic It seems like everyone is making a copy of the Browning High Power these days, and FN themselves have jumped into the arena as well. What FN is making isn't just a clone of the original pistol, though - they have built something largely new, taking inspiration and design cues from the original BHP - [My Favorite Chinese Warlord Pistol: the Luger Grip Type](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-favorite-chinese-warlord-pistol-the-luger-grip-type/) - https://youtu.be/ubbJrrWNxJE "Pistols of the Warlords" is available and shopping now from Headstamp Publishing: https://www.headstamppublishing.com/chinese-pistols My favorite pattern of domestic Chinese pistol form he Warlord Era is the one I have termed the "Luger Grip Type". The Luger was not a very common pistol in this period in China, and it is rare to see elements - [Desert Brutality 2022: Registration Is Open!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/desert-brutality-2022-registration-is-open/) - https://youtu.be/KwF1VvRn9jA Sign up for the original Brutality match here: https://practiscore.com/inrangetv-s-desert-brutality-2022/register November 11th - 13th, Hurricane Utah. Trooper day on the 11th, standard match is the 12th and 13th. Seven stages of Brutality! - [RIA - Spanish FR-8: the "Cetmeton"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ria-spanish-fr-8-the-cetmeton/) - https://youtu.be/MvsQ44jKEKY The FR-8 is a Spanish rifle manufactured in the 1950s as part of Spain's adoption of the CETME semiautomatic rifles. Spain was not only moving to their first semiauto rifle, but also changing from 8mm Mauser to the new 7.62mm NATO. It was not possible to immediately equip everybody with the new rifles, so - [BMPs, Hurdles, and Kettlebells: Finnish Brutality 2022 Day 2!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bmps-hurdles-and-kettlebells-finnish-brutality-2022-day-2/) - https://youtu.be/J7EhTPhOLwA Thanks to Varusteleka for putting on an absolutely magnificent match! I'm also very happy to have a line of merchandise now available with them. Time for Day 2 of Finnish Brutality 2022! We have five more stages today, and for people like me in Recon Division, five more 3km runs in armor and kit. - [Sauna, Sisu, and Sprinting: Finnish Brutality 2022 Day 1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sauna-sisu-and-sprinting-finnish-brutality-2022-day-1/) - https://youtu.be/X7XD6eYIfXg Thanks to Varusteleka for putting on an absolutely magnificent match! I'm also very happy to have a line of merchandise now available with them: Finnish Brutality this year has expanded from 8 stages over two days to now 10 stages in two days - and there is also a new "Recon" division. That requires - [Great New FW Merch from Varusteleka](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/great-new-fw-merch-from-varusteleka/) - https://youtu.be/5z2GsDO-b4U I'm really excited to have this merchandise available from my friends at Varusteleka - check it out! - [Origins of the vz.82: A Western Pistol for Communist Czechoslovakia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/origins-of-the-vz-82-a-western-pistol-for-communist-czechoslovakia/) - https://youtu.be/I9qJKDZxsUg The vz.82 and its cousin the CZ 83 are pistols that originated when the Czech state export company during the Cold War began looking for arms it could export to bring in hard currency. The current service pistol, the vz.52, was, shall we say, not widely desirable and its 7.62x25mm cartridge was not widely - [East Meets West at the BUG Match: CZ's vz.82](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/east-meets-west-at-the-bug-match-czs-vz-82/) - https://youtu.be/lFMGCLyNDLs Yesterday we looked at the history and development of the vz.82 pistol; today I am taking it out to the BackUp Gun Match. this should be a pretty competitive pistol in this environment, and it actually meets the characteristics of a backup gun quite well. It is light and compact, but still offers very - [Ask Ian: Why No German WW2 50-Cal Machine Guns? (feat. Nick Moran)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-no-german-ww2-50-cal-machine-guns-feat-nick-moran/) - https://youtu.be/lv1bPQe4CmI From Nathaniel on Patreon: "Why didn't Germany or Axis powers have a machine gun similar to the American M2?" Basically, because everyone faced the choice of a .50 caliber machine gun or 20mm (or larger) cannons for anti-aircraft use, and most people chose the cannons - including Germany. There were some .50 caliber machine - [Ask Ian: Why Does the AR15 Have a Buffer Thingie?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-does-the-ar15-have-a-buffer-thingie/) - https://youtu.be/i9nwFgtEdUc From Arvid on Utreon: "Why does an AR-15 need a buffer thingy? Why can't it just have a spring like every other normal gun?" The Ar-15 really doesn't need the buffer and tube, but it is a holdover form the origins of the system: the AR-10. The intent of the AR-10 was to create - [Armatix iP1: The Infamous German "Smart Gun"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/armatix-ip1-the-infamous-german-smart-gun/) - https://youtu.be/Vn08yZAC2V0 The Armatix iP1 is a pistol created by former H&K designer Ernst Mauch that was released - or almost released - in the US in late 2013 and early 2014. It is a .22LR caliber semiauto pistol that incorporates an RFID-connected authentication link between a watch and this pistol, so that the pistol can - [Armatix iP1 Smart Gun at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/armatix-ip1-smart-gun-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/VNAkJ1nnjEI Yesterday we looked at the history and the functioning of the Armatix iP1 "smart gun", and today I'm taking it out to a BackUp Gun Match. How will it perform? Will it cycle reliably? Will I time out before I can actually get it authorized to fire? Let's find out! - [Yugoslav M70A: The AK With a Real Magazine Holdopen](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yugoslav-m70a-the-ak-with-a-real-magazine-holdopen/) - https://youtu.be/0gPTpLIUMN0 Yugoslavia began development of a Kalashnikov pattern rifle in 1959. The Yugoslav rifle would be distinct from the standard Soviet model, as evidenced by features like the gas cutoff for grenade launching and the early use of a true bolt hold open feature. The first version was the M64, but this saw very limited - [Ask Ian: What Rifles Were the M2-M13?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-what-rifles-were-the-m2-m13/) - https://youtu.be/a9nauiPC_H4 From Dennis on Patreon: "What rifles were between the M1 Garand and the M14? I went through Basic with an M14 and I know the M15 was supposed to be a BAR replacement. Google doesn't really find anything on the M2 - M13 rifles." The Army had rifle for much more than just standard - [VHS-1: Croatia Copies the FAMAS (But Not Really)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vhs-1-croatia-copies-the-famas-but-not-really/) - https://youtu.be/GK31L3FWg60 The VHS-1 was heavily influenced by the French FAMAS, albeit with a short stroke gas piston operating system. Early development began in the late 1990s with the prototype designs we looked in over the past few weeks, and the VHS-1 itself really emerged between 2003 and 2005. It was formally announced in 2005, and - [Ask Ian: Liberators or Cobray Terminators for the Elbonian Resistance?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-liberators-or-cobray-terminators-for-the-elbonian-resistance/) - https://youtu.be/A5fvSBEC54M From Jon on Patreon: "Elbonia has been occupied by an enemy force. Do you sabotage their resistance by airdropping them Liberator pistols or Cobray Terminators?" To my mind, the Liberator is a substantially more useful resistance weapons, so I would supply Elbonia with lots of crates of Cobray Terminators. Why? First, the Liberator is - [CZ's Embarrassing Volkspistoles: The CZ100 and CZ101](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/czs-embarrassing-volkspistoles-the-cz100-and-cz101/) - https://youtu.be/-KwbANyWaqQ Developed in the 1990s and entering production in 1996, the CZ100 and CZ101 were CZ's first polymer-framed pistols. They were offered in both 9mm and .40S&W, with the CZ100 being a double stack design (magazine capacity 10 or 13 rounds) and the CZ101 being single stack (magazine capacity 7 or 8 rounds). Interestingly, the - [Prototype 7.7mm Arisaka Type 99 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/prototype-7-7mm-arisaka-type-99-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/WL-1T1nHv08 The Japanese military made the decision to move from a 6.5mm infantry rifle to a more powerful 7.7mm cartridge in the 1930s, with specifications for the new rifle proposed in 1938. In response, the Nagoya and Kokura Arsenals developed new models of rifle and carbine. What we are looking at today is one of - [Belgian Congo Force Publique FN49 Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/belgian-congo-force-publique-fn49-sniper/) - https://youtu.be/JbypQ2VxwzA One of the rarest versions of the FN49 rifle is the Belgian Congo contract, made to equip the Force Publique there - the military force in the territory when it was a Belgian colony. A total of 2,795 of them were delivered (all actually AFN-49s, chambered for .30-06); 1,500 rifles in 1951, 1,100 more - [Soviet WW2 Bramit Silencer for the M91/30](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/soviet-ww2-bramit-silencer-for-the-m91-30/) - https://youtu.be/Hecvt_oGvb4 The Soviet Union began to take an interest in military suppressors in the early 1930s, and experimented with things like suppressors for the DP light machine gun. Through the 1930s a variety of different designs were tested, but none were found really suitable. Everything they tested was deemed too heavy, too loud, or detrimental - [Tour of the AREX Defense Factory in Slovenia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tour-of-the-arex-defense-factory-in-slovenia/) - https://youtu.be/HQkjXKALCS0 During my visit to Slovenia, I had a chance to tour the AREX Defense factory in Šentjernej. I came away really impressed by the quality and the breadth of operations that the factory performs in-house. They have only been making their own handgun designs for about 5 years, but they have been a subcontractor - [Arex AKB-15: A Lost AK Modernization Project](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/arex-akb-15-a-lost-ak-modernization-project/) - https://youtu.be/B4Xn_IOB-DE The AKB-15 was a project developed by Arex Defense in Slovenia in 2015. The company received a request from a small country (they decline to reveal exactly who) to modernize a stock of AKM rifles with adjustable stocks, pica tinny optics mounting, and new barrels among other features. Arex developed a monolithic aluminum upper - [Ask Ian: Are Man-Portable Chain Guns Coming?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-are-man-portable-chain-guns-coming/) - https://youtu.be/l7UrLLd1o-E From Nikolas on Patreon: "Have there been any attempts to make miniaturized man-portable chain guns? Do you think there's a future for such a machine gun given modern advances in energy storage?" Chain guns are a specific type of externally-powered machine gun. They have a single barrel, and used a loop of chain to - [The CZ-2000 as a 9mm SMG Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-cz-2000-as-a-9mm-smg-prototype/) - https://utreon.com/v/lF02vJfHQSC There have been several examples of the AK being used as the basis for a pistol-caliber SMG or PDW. The Russians made the Vityaz, the Hungarians made the KGPF-9...and the Czechs actually made a version form the CZ-2000. This was the attempt to make a 5.56mm AK family of rifles form the roots of - [Lahti's Last Machine Gun: The L33/39 Antiaircraft Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lahtis-last-machine-gun-the-l33-39-antiaircraft-gun/) - https://utreon.com/v/fPZiS4g0Swi In response to a Finnish military need for a machine gun better than the old Maxim for aerial and anti-aircraft use, Aimo Lahti developed the L33 machine gun from the basis of the Lahti-Saloranta design. It was recoil operated, with the ubiquitous Lahti accelerator lever, and a quite high rate of fire. Total production - [Ask Ian: My Most Unsafe Range Experience (Incoming Rounds!)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-my-most-unsafe-range-experience-incoming-rounds/) - https://youtu.be/wHmAlGSaCHI From Brian on Patreon: "What’s the dumbest or most unsafe thing you’ve ever witnessed while out shooting in the desert or at a range / match?" That would definitely be when a pair of totally movie shooters out at my desert shooting range spot decided to violate Rule 4 (Know your target and what - [Croatia's Prototype Bullpup AK Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/croatias-prototype-bullpup-ak-conversion/) - https://youtu.be/9LBz7Q7Nges The HS Produkt company, best known for making the XD pistols sold in the US by Springfield, was originally called IM Metal, and was a general fabrication company in Croatia. When the Croatian Homeland War began, there was a clear need for domestic small arms production, and the two engineers at IM Metal stepped - [New Book Review: "Third Reich Lugers" by Tom Whiteman](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-book-review-third-reich-lugers-by-tom-whiteman/) - https://youtu.be/Z09FMUJdaa4 Tom Whiteman (of Legacy Collectibles) has just recently published "Third Reich Lugers: An Illustrated Collector's Guide to German Military Lugers from World War II". The full title pretty much says it all here; this is not a history of the Luger or its development - it's specifically a collector's guide. That means it includes - [FNAB 43: From WW2 Italy to Algerian Independence](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fnab-43-from-ww2-italy-to-algerian-independence/) - https://youtu.be/XwY5ZQDqG70 Designed and manufactured by Fabbrica Nazionale d'Armi di Brescia (National Arms Factory of Brescia) in northern Italy, for use by the RSI and German military forces (as well as some partisan units). They were produced in 1943 and 1944, and only about 1,000 were made (all with serial numbers in the 5,000 range, for - [Star Megastar: Spain's Massive 10mm Autopistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/star-megastar-spains-massive-10mm-autopistol/) - https://youtu.be/Mzq7vn3iPcQ In the late 1980s, the Spanish gunmaker Star decided to join the new hot trend of 10mm semiauto pistols. The cartridge was getting a lot of press, and Star saw this as an opportunity too ride the wave and also the get a pistol on the market that would attract IPSC competitors. Unlike some - [Ask Ian: Good Bullpup Conversions](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-good-bullpup-conversions/) - https://youtu.be/N0yVwUyLgeE From John on Patreon: "You've covered your fair share of strange conversion of firearms. Have you ever come across a bullpup conversion that was actually useful, and not a kludge?" Nope. That's basically the whole answer. Okay, to elaborate a bit, it's because making a bullpup use blue from either shoulder requires specific accommodation - [Genesis of the VHS: IM Metal Gets a FAMAS](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/genesis-of-the-vhs-im-metal-gets-a-famas/) - https://youtu.be/m_1WrWdEeGU After their abortive effort at designing a bullpup AK conversion, IM Metal (later to become HS Produkt) decided to make another try at developing a rifle for the Croatian Army. This time, they decided to base their design on the FAMAS. Why that rifle? Well, at the time the Croatian Homeland War was still - [CETME-L Handguards: The Poor Early Model and the Later Better One](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cetme-l-handguards-the-poor-early-model-and-the-later-better-one/) - https://youtu.be/fM_i2O0PqbI The early production CETME-L (and CETME-LC) rifles used a thin, fragile, full-length handguard. It was redesigned fairly early in production with a much more durable version that provided better hand insulation. The Spanish Army updated all of its rifles to use the new pattern, but the Guardia Civil retained some of its early style - [Ask Ian: Analyzing the Savage Rotating Barrel (at 7500 frames/sec)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-analyzing-the-savage-rotating-barrel-at-7500-frames-sec/) - https://youtu.be/RzM4Zf_nemo A question I have been asked by several different people in several Q&A threads is: "Does the Savage rotating-barrel system actually do anything?" In his 1905 patent, Elbert Searle specifically claims that his design creates a positively locked breech. He did this, in theory, by having a system where the barrel must rotate before - [Scrome J8 Commercial Production Update (For the FR-F2)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/scrome-j8-commercial-production-update-for-the-fr-f2/) - https://youtu.be/781SkJ0Scqc Scrome, the original maker of the J8 scope used by the French Army on the FR-F2 sniper rifle, is making a commercial run of J8 scopes for collectors who have the recently-released surplus FR-F2 rifles. They are made in France in the same shop, by the same people and to the same specifications as - [The Czech Unicorn LMG: A Squad Support CZ-2000](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-czech-unicorn-lmg-a-squad-support-cz-2000/) - https://utreon.com/v/QvY5ixpjSXS The CZ-2000 project in the Czech Republic (derived from the Lada developed in the late years of Czechoslovakia) envisioned a full suite of infantry arms, much like the AK as used by other countries. There would be an SMG-type compact weapon (akin to the AKS-74U "Krinkov"), a standard infantry rifle, and a light support - [Angstadt Arms MDP-9: MP5 Meets AR15](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/angstadt-arms-mdp-9-mp5-meets-ar15/) - https://youtu.be/lUly48AnKaY Angstadt Arms has recently released their MDP-9 carbine, an AR-type lower coupled with a roller-delayed blowback upper assembly. This is the same operating system as the much-lauded MP5, and Angstadt version of the design is remarkably light, handy, and simple. It is made specifically for Glock magazines, and is available in pistol and SBR - [Roller-Delay Showdown: Angstadt MDP-9 vs H&K SP-5](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/roller-delay-showdown-angstadt-mdp-9-vs-hk-sp-5/) - https://youtu.be/3VcHa4Qn8WI Today we are out at the range to compare the Angstadt Arms MDP-9 to the classic H&K SP-5. We will do a bunch of runs on a course of fire that incudes precision targets, spinners and stars, and see which of the carbines comes out ahead! Plus, as a bonus, some shooting with a - [Virtual Tour of the Polish Army Museum](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/virtual-tour-of-the-polish-army-museum/) - https://youtu.be/7iMhR0_dpfI On my recent trip to Warsaw, I spent some time filming guns in the collection of the Polish Army Museum. In an effort to create something of a library of museum tours, I made sure to take some time to film a short virtual tour of the exhibits for you - note that I - [Ask Ian: Tractors to Typewriters, Non-Gun Companies Making Guns?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-tractors-to-typewriters-non-gun-companies-making-guns/) - https://youtu.be/w92Jyc9nzig From Brian on Patreon: "Would you give your thoughts and comments on non-gun companies making guns? For example Baldwin Locomotive/Eddystone 1917s, IH Garands, GM M-16s, most M-1 carbines, maybe even TRW M-14s. How did the experiment work out?" I would say that the experiment worked very well. Springfield Armory was tasked with developing production - [Utreon: Good Video Hosting for Both Viewers & Creators](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/utreon-good-video-hosting-for-both-viewers-creators/) - https://youtu.be/TomaXwn2YdU https://utreon.com/c/forgottenweapons/ I have mentioned Utreon before, but I want to take a moment to do so again. The site continues to grow and improve, and it has a bunch of features that are actually better than YouTube and Patreon - something virtually no other alternative hosting site can claim. Utreon is fundamentally a combination - [L39A1: British Service Target Rifle Before the L42A1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/l39a1-british-service-target-rifle-before-the-l42a1/) - https://youtu.be/XOGH9xEOWJQ The story of the conversion of the Lee Enfield to 7.62mm NATO would not be complete without the L39A1. This is essentially the civilian competition version of what would become the L42A1. It was actually in British service as a target rifle - not intended for combat. It followed the L8 (the first British - [A Path Less Traveled: IM Metal's Tavor-Based Prototype for the VHS-1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-path-less-traveled-im-metals-tavor-based-prototype-for-the-vhs-1/) - https://youtu.be/4LxlC28RKDY Today we are continuing to trace the development of the IM Metal / HS Produkt VHS rifles. During this period, Croatia briefly considered adopting the Israeli Tavor rifle. Part of the adoption would have included a license for domestic production, and HS Produkt would have been the company to do the manufacturing. As a - [ArcFlash Labs EMG-02 CoilGun: Making SciFi Weapons Into Reality](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/arcflash-labs-emg-02-coilgun-making-scifi-weapons-into-reality/) - https://youtu.be/EwHRjgVWFno ArcFlash Labs has come out with a new coil gun design that takes the best elements of their underpowered EMG-01 and their overly bulky GR-1 Anvil and melded them into a much handier EMG-02. This new design maintains the same muzzle velocity as the Anvil (200-250 fps / 60-75 m/s) but uses smaller projectiles - [Join Me for a Battlefield Expedition Tour of the Solomon Islands!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/join-me-for-a-battlefield-expedition-tour-of-the-solomon-islands/) - https://youtu.be/apZtgEutN6s Sign up to join us here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeuNoKO3lbssOgiRZ3CV0gAn9SYlSBeJHb7Z464UBDDFgcVog/viewform For more details on the tour and about War Historian Battlefield Expeditions, check out their web site: https://battlefield-expeditions.war-historian.com - [Anti-Gun Partisan Lawfare? GWACS Sues KE Arms et al.](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-gun-partisan-lawfare-gwacs-sues-ke-arms-et-al/) - https://youtu.be/SZa2GFN7kNg There have been a lot of questions raised about the ongoing lawsuit between GWACS Armory LLC and KE Arms (plus Brownells, Russell Phagan, Sinistral Shooting Technologies, and Shawn Nealon) - so I figured I ought to contribute my perspective to the conversation as someone who has been aware of the suit since it was - [Poland's Problematic First SMG: The wz.39 Mors](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/polands-problematic-first-smg-the-wz-39-mors/) - https://youtu.be/DN6HMR9yCRc Designed by Piotr Wilniewczyca and Jan Skrzypinski starting in 1936, the Mors was Poland's first domestic SMG. Polish police forces had purchased Thompsons and Suomi in the 1920s and 1930s, but the military still had no such guns by the 1930s. One of the main inspirations for the More was the Erma EMP, which - [Spanish M43: The Worst Sniper Rifle Ever Made](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/spanish-m43-the-worst-sniper-rifle-ever-made/) - https://youtu.be/lJr-pZz9Lwk The standard Spanish infantry rifle from 1943 until the adoption of the CETME was the M43, an 8mm Mauser short rifle made at the La Coruña arsenal. As is fairly common, a sniper rifle variant was made form the standard rifles, with an early version made in the mid 1950s and a later model - [Before the High Power was the FN Grand Rendement](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/before-the-high-power-was-the-fn-grand-rendement/) - https://youtu.be/9KxwOQUCgxM The Browning High Power story begins with a French 1921 request for a new military pistol. FN engineer Dieudonné Saive developed a double stack, single feed magazine and John Browning adapted a Browning 1903 pistol to use it, and this was sent to France for consideration. This pistol worked well enough, but the French - [Belgian GP-35: Pre-War Browning High Power Complete Rig](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/belgian-gp-35-pre-war-browning-high-power-complete-rig/) - https://youtu.be/GPb-6SDXh1Q The Browning High Power (“Grande Puissance”, aka GP-35) was developed by Fabrique National in Belgium, designed primarily by John Browning’s apprentice Dieudonné Saive. It began in the very early 1920s as a pistol designed for a new French Army requirement, but eventually split into two separate development tracks. By the early 1930s the French - [When MAC-10 Meets Skorpion: Croatia's Homeland War ALKA mod 93](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/when-mac-10-meets-skorpion-croatias-homeland-war-alka-mod-93/) - https://youtu.be/GFQM6Xo_dqM The ALKA model 93 is one of the nicest of the several dozen simple SMGs made in Croatia during the Homeland War of the 1990s. It was produced by the IM Metal company (later renamed HS Produkt) starting in 1991, was formally adopted by the Croatian armed forces in 1993, and produced until 1994 - [What Are Some of the Best Investment Handguns?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/what-are-some-of-the-best-investment-handguns/) - https://youtu.be/WqiGd1HoDzk Today I'm joined by Len Antaris of Historic Investments to discuss, well, historic investments. I maintain that firearms are better bought for their historic value than as speculative investments, but there are certainly plenty of people who do both. So, Len and I figured we would discuss what we both think makes a particular - [The Original Shorty Mosin: The Model 1907 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-original-shorty-mosin-the-model-1907-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/w06X4ZKzDLQ The creation of a short and handy Mosin Nagant carbine to complement the standard M891 was prompted by the Russo-Japanese War. Lots of Russian troops with roles other than infantry - machine gun and artillery crews in particular - were unnecessarily burdened with full length rifles, and the Model 1907 carbine was intended to - [Mendoza 1934: Mexico's Domestic LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mendoza-1934-mexicos-domestic-lmg/) - https://youtu.be/QC25HzfgzJk Rafael Mendoza was Mexico’s premier domestic arms designer, and the Model 1934 LMG is probably his most successful design. He began work on it in 1929, and it entered testing with the Mexican Army in 1932. It was formally accepted by the Mexican Army in 1934 (hence the designation) and would serve into the - [Innovative and Interesting: Tinck Arms Perun X16](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/innovative-and-interesting-tinck-arms-perun-x16/) - https://youtu.be/zFR2zHfLZqc Don't miss Bloke of the Range's video of the X-16: https://youtu.be/6GNutwsj7OM The Tinck Arms Perun X-16 (distributed in the US by AEA Arms) is a much more interesting rifle than I expected from an initial glance. I assumed it would be just another AR-18 derivative, but the truth is much more interesting. Slovenian company - [From Service Sidearm to Match Gun: the Astra 400 Target Model](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/from-service-sidearm-to-match-gun-the-astra-400-target-model/) - https://youtu.be/0JD12JOfOWk A very small batch of special target model pistols was made at the very end of Astra 400 production in 1945. They were fitted with Patridge front sights and adjustable revolver-style square-notch rear sights, much improved over the stock Astra 400 sights. In addition, they were fitted with a special single-set trigger system in - [Ask Ian - What Was the Best WW2 Rifle Cartridge?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-what-was-the-best-ww2-rifle-cartridge/) - https://youtu.be/seikga6-Ksk From crablegs21 on Utreon: "In your opinion and in hindsight, which country had the most optimized cartridge for the their primary infantry rifle for WWII? Additionally, which country would have benefited most by switching to that cartridge prior to WWII?" In my opinion - and I think post-war development supports this - the best - [Ask Ian: Why Didn't The M3 Grease Gun use Thompson Mags?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-didnt-the-m3-grease-gun-use-thompson-mags/) - https://youtu.be/1wqlrr9d6TU From Richard on Patreon: "Why didn't the M3 and M3A1 (grease gun) have a double stack/double feed mag and use the Thompson mag? It would have certainly simplified logistics." The answer to the first part is that the M3 used a single-feed magazine because it was largely copied from the Sten. A new magazine - [Desert 2-Gun: 108 Fahrenheit With a WWSD Commando](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/desert-2-gun-108-fahrenheit-with-a-wwsd-commando/) - https://youtu.be/aOTVBb9aZ3E In may last full-match opportunity to practice for Finnish Brutality, I brought my WWSD Commando (10.5" barrel) and an Arex Delta out (my guns for Finland are already on their way across the Atlantic). The stages today were truly awful (awfully fun!) to really push us as a last practice session. It hit about - [Coonan .357 Magnum at the BUG Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/coonan-357-magnum-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/lYmf5yVlvdk Yesterday we took a look at the history and the mechanics of Dan Conan's .357 Magnum 1911; today we are going to take it out to the range. Specifically, a BackUp Gun Match, plus a bit of extra range time afterwards... - [Ask Ian: Why Not a Semiauto BAR Instead of the Garand?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-not-a-semiauto-bar-instead-of-the-garand/) - https://youtu.be/wNpuc7TiGU0 From Jack on Patreon: "Why did the US go on to develop the M1 Garand instead of continuing development of the BAR? With the BAR you already have a self-loading rifle with as much firepower as later battle rifles of the Cold War (such as the M-14), including detachable 20 round magazines. Why not - [Ask Ian: History and Development of Pinfire Cartridges](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-history-and-development-of-pinfire-cartridges/) - https://youtu.be/Jam7iRElDS0 From Nintendoeats on Utreon: "Modern centerfire and rimfire cartridges seem (to the casual observer) like they would always have been the simplest cartridge types to make. Why was pinfire ever used, and how was it economically manufactured?" Essentially, pinfire represents a cartridge development that predates the technology to draw brass cartridge cases. Pinfire developed - [Ask Ian: Progressive Twist (Gain Twist) in Small Arms?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-progressive-twist-gain-twist-in-small-arms/) - https://youtu.be/KI-_CtmOzFs From Jamie on Utreon: "I know naval gatling guns like the 20mm CIWS uses gain twist rifling, but are or were there any commercial or military small arms that used gain twist rifling?" Yes, there have been some significant uses of progressive (gain) twist rifling on military and civilian small arms. These include: Colt - [Ask Ian: Why Don't More Rifles Have Captive Pins?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-why-dont-more-rifles-have-captive-pins/) - https://youtu.be/yrFx9UnGMHE From Ryan on Patreon: "Why do more rifles not have captive takedown pins? It seems that if someone is developing a rifle from the ground up there are almost no drawbacks to having them, especially if the rifle is going to be widely fielded. Is there a hidden cost?" Having captive pins does add - [Balanced Recoil AK-107 / Kalashnikov SR-1: Is It Any Good?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/balanced-recoil-ak-107-kalashnikov-sr-1-is-it-any-good/) - https://youtu.be/-5LTiCZwEOo One of the really interesting variations on the AK to come out of Russian military development and testing is the balanced-recoil system, as exemplified on the military AK-107 and the commercial Kalashnikov SR-1 rifles. Contrary to common assumption, this is not a system to counteract to recoil created by the bullet leaving the barrel. - [When Revolver Meets 1911: The Coonan .357 Magnum Automatic](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/when-revolver-meets-1911-the-coonan-357-magnum-automatic/) - https://youtu.be/AdJl6X9oFe8 Dan Coonan first designed his pistol in graduate school as a drafting project: a 1911 pistol chambered for the .357 Magnum cartridge. No easy feat, designing a self-loading pistol magazine to cycle a big rimmed revolver cartridge! This was in 1977, and he went about creating a business to manufacture them a few years - [Lynx Brutality Day 1: From Slovenia With Love](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lynx-brutality-day-1-from-slovenia-with-love/) - https://youtu.be/4fZ4YSFZ3m4 Welcome to Lynx Brutality! This is a 2-gun Brutality match organized by Polenar Tactical and run at the Lynx Pro Training Center in Kočevje, Slovenia. It's got kettlebells, weight bags, a tower, tires, ballistic shield, and more. I am shooting it with a semiauto FAMAS (courtesy of Fab from Bloke on the Range) and - [AutoMag 160 in .357AMP: For When the Regular AutoMag is too Common](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/automag-160-in-357amp-for-when-the-regular-automag-is-too-common/) - https://youtu.be/-XRAfGPgfcA The AutoMag was originally designed to use a rimless version of the .44 Magnum cartridge; the .44 AMP. Shortly after it was introduced, though, the company Brough out a second cartridge, the .357 AMP. This was simply the regular cartridge necked down to use .357" projectiles. It was a bottlenecked case with a huge - [Fun Time at the Range with a Skorpion Evo 3A1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/fun-time-at-the-range-with-a-skorpion-evo-3a1/) - https://youtu.be/KMp9PWeanp4 https://www.instagram.com/czguns/ https://www.facebook.com/CZfirearms Today I'm taking a Skorpion Evo 3A1 out to the range...let's see how much fun it can be! - [Development of the CZ Skorpion from Laugo Prototype to Evo3A1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/development-of-the-cz-skorpion-from-laugo-prototype-to-evo3a1-2/) - https://youtu.be/QBEipGBUmuU https://www.instagram.com/czguns/ https://www.facebook.com/CZfirearms The CZ Skorpion grew out of a Czech Army request for a new 9x19mm SMG as the newly formed Czech Republic pivoted to a Western orientation in the 1990s. The CZ factory took a look at what it already had that might be suitable, and did in fact revisit the vz.61 Skorpion - [Surplus Delta Force SR25: A Sniper-Grade Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/surplus-delta-force-sr25-a-sniper-grade-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/sEW1hZUMCW8 Delta Force was an early adopter of a lot of civilian competition gear into military service, and the modern AR-10 is a great example. Delta worked with Knights Armament to fine-tune the SR-25 rifle, with it first being used by Delta, then being adopted by the US Navy, and eventually by the Army as - [Lynx Brutality Day 2: The Kettlebell is not Enough](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lynx-brutality-day-2-the-kettlebell-is-not-enough/) - https://youtu.be/iBgQonqSZ8Y Day 2 of Polenar Tactical's epic Lynx Brutality 2022 is upon us! I did really well on Day 1; can I keep the streak going, or will I crash and burn? Will I continue to crush it with the Arex Delta? Will the FAMAS height over bore finally prove my undoing? Join me and - [Ask Ian: Did the Finns Hate the Carcano?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-did-the-finns-hate-the-carcano/) - https://youtu.be/d3oCcfI4X6g Asked by Prmetime on Utreon: In WW2, Finland was given approximately 100,000 Carcano M38 rifles in 7.35 Carcano. I have heard it stated that the Finns didn’t like the rifles. Can you comment on the veracity of that statement, and if true, do you know why they weren’t liked? The Finnish government began negotiating - [Ask Ian: Procurement Then & Now (and Wartime vs Peacetime)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-procurement-then-now-and-wartime-vs-peacetime/) - https://youtu.be/a33Zk_1snHg Asked by Charles on Patreon: "I'd love to hear you do a deep dive on the commissioning and procurement process of the Chauchat compared to the FAMAS or the HK416F (or the STEN and the L85, PPSh41 and the AK-12 etc). The specific question to answer would be: 'why does defense procurement take so - [Ask Ian: Single Feed vs Double Feed Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ask-ian-single-feed-vs-double-feed-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/brVYI4-NILA Asked by Tyler on Patreon: "Why are there so few double stack/double feed handguns? I can only think of a couple off the top of my head. It makes the worst part of handgun shooting (loading the magazines) a complete non-issue." There are a series of interacting considerations when choosing between single feed and - [A Special MPi-81 for an Infantry Fighting Vehicle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-special-mpi-81-for-an-infantry-fighting-vehicle/) - https://youtu.be/GGHVH9KH-_w One interesting specialized version of the Steyr MPi-81 is this model, built for the Steyr/Saurer 4K 7FA armored personnel carrier. The vehicle could carry 8 infantrymen and their compartment had four firing ports fitted with MPi-81 SMGs. The changes required from the standard MPi-81 pattern were: - A longer barrel to fit into the - [PDW on Steroids: the vz68 and the Skorpion 9x19](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pdw-on-steroids-the-vz68-and-the-skorpion-9x19/) - https://youtu.be/nm8796bDd8k The original Scorpion was adopted in .32 ACP caliber as the vz.61 by the Czechoslovakian military - but development of the Scorpion did not end there. Prototypes were also developed in .380, 9x18 Makarov, and 9x19mm. In particular, the 9x19mm version, designated vz.68, got as far as field trials with the Army. Unfortunately, its - [Skorpion 9x19 at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/skorpion-9x19-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/g8B3GoL7w-U https://www.instagram.com/czguns/ https://www.facebook.com/CZfirearms Yesterday we looked at the development of the Skorpion PDW/SMG in 9x19mm Parabellum both in the 1960s and then when it was revisited in the 1990s at CZ. Today I have the chance to take one of the 1990s Skorpion 9x19 models out the the range for some firing. I was expecting - [Update: Pistols of the Warlords Book](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/update-pistols-of-the-warlords-book/) - https://youtu.be/c-CGkizobNM Copies are still available at Headstamp Publishing An Update on the Status of Pistols of the Warlords: We are very happy to announce that all of the operations in China for the book are complete. The books are all printed and bound, packaged, and on boats heading for the US. They are coming in - [Ye Olde Tactical: A Vintage Riot Shotgun w/ Nydar 47 Optic](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ye-olde-tactical-a-vintage-riot-shotgun-w-nydar-47-optic/) - https://youtu.be/SIdZqDWGo4E All that is tactical is not necessarily new...and this shotgun is a perfect example. It was put together by a Tucson police officer in the late 1940s or early 1950s, and has all the elements of a very modern "tactical" combat shotgun. It is a Remington Model 11 semiauto shotgun (a licensed copy of - [SIG 550 / Stgw 90: The Swiss Kalashnikov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sig-550-stgw-90-the-swiss-kalashnikov/) - https://youtu.be/vz8YiMPZSZA Make sure to check out the new video on 9 Hole Reviews, with the SIG 550 on their 500yd course of fire, plus discussion with a Swiss infantry officer: https://youtu.be/FL_zcqOFrbI - [Is the AutoMag Curse Over? The New Auto Mag 180-D](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/is-the-automag-curse-over-the-new-auto-mag-180-d/) - https://youtu.be/ORUCly0nrbI Historically speaking, the AutoMag 180 pistol has been a reaper of investors. Between 1971 and 1982, no fewer than six different companies went bankrupt trying to make a profit building Auto Mags. However, we may have finally reached the end of that streak... In 2015, all the existing tools, parts, and IP related to - [Q&A 61: Talking Guns with Polenar Tactical](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-61-talking-guns-with-polenar-tactical/) - https://youtu.be/S21LZiESWCU Get 10% off anything in Polenar's web store with code "NOTEASTERNEUROPE" https://polenartactical.com/shop/ 00:00:32 - What is the "elevator pitch" for Polenar Tactical? 00:02:26 - How did you get your channel name? 00:04:49 - What are the Slovenian gun laws like? 00:07:11 - How do EU rules impact an individual country's laws? 00:11:37 - What - [Zielfeuergerät 38 Blank-Firing Training Aid](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/zielfeuergerat-38-blank-firing-training-aid/) - https://youtu.be/c12AtNLkT3I When the Allied examined the weapons discovered in the German Reich after the war, they came across a device which was classified as a “spring gun” or “trip wire activated static defense machine gun”. Nevertheless, in actual fact it was a practice device with the name “Zielfeuergerät 38” (short “Zf.Ger.38”). For very realistically exercises - [New FW Merch! What is Ian's Least Favorite Item?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-fw-merch-what-is-ians-least-favorite-item/) - https://youtu.be/GAnLpB2hnfU All the new merch is available now for preorder at https://shop.forgottenweapons.com! Even the one I don't like so much. - [New .44 AutoMag Behemoth at the BackUp Gun Match](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/new-44-automag-behemoth-at-the-backup-gun-match/) - https://youtu.be/erbxUVpsrs8 Yesterday we were looking at the new resurrection of the AutoMag pistol, and today I have it out at the monthly BackUp Gun match. Is it appropriate to bring this behemoth of a pistol to a "backup" match? Sure! My experience with magnum automatic pistols has been very mixed...actually, just mostly poor. I was - [.30 Super Carry at the BUG Match!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/30-super-carry-at-the-bug-match/) - https://youtu.be/dhFx6rMRX9o I don't normally take actual backup guns to the backup gun match; it's usually some oddball old pistol. But today, I decided to bring out the new S&W Shield Plus in .30 Super Carry. It's actually exactly the sort of gun that the match is designed for. I chose to minimize the size of - [SIG M5 Spear Deep Dive: Is This a Good US Army Rifle?](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sig-m5-spear-deep-dive-is-this-a-good-us-army-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/MTZRCEh1Czg The NGSW (Next Generation Squad Weapon) program began in 2017 to find a replacement for the M4, M249, and 5.56mm cartridge. It came to a conclusion in April 2022 with the formula acceptance of the SIG M5 rifle, M250 machine gun, Vortex M157 optic, and the 6.8x51mm cartridge. SIG released a handful of civilian - [2-Gun With New US Army Weapons: SIG Spear and M17](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/2-gun-with-new-us-army-weapons-sig-spear-and-m17/) - https://youtu.be/f4gst0QoMw4 Yesterday we looked at the new SIG Spear/M5 in detail, and today I'm taking it out to a 2-Gun match to try on the clock. The most suitable pistol pairing would naturally be the other recently-adopted new US Army weapon, the M17 pistol (in this case, a commercial M17). The Spear/M5 is a really - [Jatimatic: Finland's Least Successful PDW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/jatimatic-finlands-least-successful-pdw/) - https://youtu.be/xEeEfsY_RBw The Jatimatic was a stockless PDW designed by Jari Timari, who co-owned Tampereen Asepaja Oy, a firearms company in Tampere Finland. The firm was founded in the early 1920s, making .22 biathlon rifles, sporterizing military surplus, and other gunsmithing work. In the late 70s he got the idea for a compact 9mm PDW with - [Jatimatic on the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/jatimatic-on-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/vFqaPdRaT9k How well do the Jatimatic's recoil-controlling features work? Will the front grip snap off while firing? Can I actually get the progressive trigger to work? Let's find out! - [Revolver with a Bayonet: Luxembourg Model 1884 Gendarmerie Nagant](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/revolver-with-a-bayonet-luxembourg-model-1884-gendarmerie-nagant/) - https://youtu.be/jYQNSQ3krWw I previously filmed one of the Model 1884 Luxembourg Gendarmerie Nagant revolvers, but I got my hands on one with the original bayonet, and I wanted to show you that. These are extremely rare revolvers, especially with the matching original bayonets. Here is the original video, with more details on the mechanics of the - [China Lake 40mm Grenade Launcher at the Range](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/china-lake-40mm-grenade-launcher-at-the-range/) - https://youtu.be/23CRL62umBI Today we have a chance to take one of the reproduction China Lake 40mm grenade launchers out to the range! We are using practice chalk rounds...let's see how it goes! Only a handful of these were made, and perhaps we will find out why they were not more seriously considered by the military... - [Completely Ad-Free Forgotten Weapons now on Patreon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/completely-ad-free-forgotten-weapons-now-on-patreon/) - https://youtu.be/kE-limYTbJU Sign up today on Patreon for a feed of completely ad-free Forgotten Weapons videos: http://www.patreon.com/ForgottenWeapons You can also watch Forgotten Weapons ad-free by subscribing at Utreon or Floatplane. - [France in the Cold War: AA52 Replaces the Hotchkiss](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/france-in-the-cold-war-aa52-replaces-the-hotchkiss/) - https://youtu.be/kUP_9ofAagw For another perspective on the AA52 - and some live fire footage - check out Bloke on the Range's video on the gun today: https://youtu.be/ttE3vBZizbo With the end of World War Two, it was finally time for France to replace the Hotchkiss 1914 heavy machine gun with something more modern. The German universal machine - [A .22LR Berthier for the French National Police (CRS)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/a-22lr-berthier-for-the-french-national-police-crs/) - https://youtu.be/7-nQQVqxXKY In 1954, the Unique company (MAPF) in Hendaye France rebuilt a batch of 800 Berthier carbines into .22LR caliber for use by the Sûreté Nationale (later renamed the Police Nationale). These were to be used for training and also issued to prison guards. Both 1892 and 1916 pattern carbines were used, and so the - [MPi-81: Steyr Basically Makes the Uzi](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mpi-81-steyr-basically-makes-the-uzi/) - https://youtu.be/vUzwpz-xD3s The MPi-69 was adopted by Austria to replace its aging MP40 submachine guns, and it included an unorthodox charging handle design connected to the sling. Clearly this didn't turn out to be such a great idea, because when the questions of Austrian military SMGs was revisited in 1981, the feature was removed. The MPi-81 - [Q&A 60: Early Automatic Pistols & More w/ "Fireplace Guy" - Len Antaris](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/qa-60-early-automatic-pistols-more-w-fireplace-guy-len-antaris/) - https://youtu.be/nq8OSLmN7Dg Today I am speaking to Len Antaris of Historic Investments, aka "Fireplace Guy". Len has a tremendous collection with an emphasis on unusual and prototype handguns, and he has been very generous in allowing me to film much of it for you over many years. So, I figured we should talk to him about - [.30 Super Carry: My 7.65 French Long is Back! (feat. S&W Shield Plus)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/30-super-carry-my-7-65-french-long-is-back-feat-sw-shield-plus/) - https://youtu.be/Et4C7_fmoG8 Want a more in-depth review of the S&W Shield Plus in .30SC? Check out James Reeves' video today on TFBTV: https://youtu.be/9It6fv6FXfM When Federal announced their new .30 Super Carry cartridge, I was really excited to see the rebirth of the 7.65mm French Long caliber. That round was originally developed for the Pedersen Device in - [Ladislav Findorak's Prototype Lever-Delayed PDW](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ladislav-findoraks-prototype-lever-delayed-pdw/) - https://youtu.be/2WIu6FZgNhs This really neat compact PDW prototype was developed by Ladislav Findorak in the 1990s for a Czech military program, although nothing was adopted as a result. The lever-delayed system allows it to have a much lighter bolt and carrier than a typical blowback action, while also remaining very compact and with a surprisingly low - [Arex Delta Gen2: How Gun Designs Iterate and Improve](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/arex-delta-gen2-how-gun-designs-iterate-and-improve/) - https://youtu.be/EFqJLTEA9xo In firearms, as in really all technology, the market iterates and improves concepts over time. A novel new system - like the polymer-framed, striker-fired semiauto pistol - will never be perfect on its first introduction. Over time, as users and manufacturers gain more insight into the details of using and building the system, changes - [How to Shoot the Shockwave w/ Demonstrated Concepts](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/how-to-shoot-the-shockwave-w-demonstrated-concepts/) - https://youtu.be/7UDeNrjGhtE Rhett Neumayer is a guy with some really interesting and innovative thoughts on small arms training and handling. He runs Demonstrated Concepts, offering training classes on a variety of different firearms. You can check out his web site here: https://demonstratedconcepts.com Today, he is going to teach me how to properly use a Shockwave-type shotgun - [Agram 2000: Croatia's Gangster Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/agram-2000-croatias-gangster-gun/) - https://youtu.be/jfC1hrr46Ps The Agram 2000 was originally developed in the 1990s in response to a Croatian Army need for a submachine gun during the Independence War. It is a closed-bolt, hammer-fired, simple blowback submachine gun. The initial prototypes used a top folding shoulder stock, but the production model omitted this, and had no shoulder support. It - [Two World Wars: A Weimar Police C96 Mauser](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/two-world-wars-a-weimar-police-c96-mauser/) - https://youtu.be/8OQDoA7Cm8M In the aftermath of World War One, German police forces were responsible for maintaining social order is a very chaotic Germany. They were reequipped with small arms, and in particular needed pistols. The ideal sidearm would have been the P08 Luger, but the Treaty of Versailles caused Luger production at DWM and Erfurt to - [Uruguay's Forgotten Mauser: the Dovitiis](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/uruguays-forgotten-mauser-the-dovitiis/) - https://youtu.be/3ExOcfs2rng Uruguay's Model 1871/94 Mauser conversions - known usually as either Daudetau or Dovitiis Mausers - are a really interesting story of arms history. It begins with Antonio Dovitiis, and Italian tailor and merchant of military supplies in Montevideo, who wound up with the job of procuring some new arms for the Uruguayan military, which - [Nomar M1911 Magazine-Stock (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/nomar-m1911-magazine-stock-video/) - https://youtu.be/yz9jNE9svCA In 1936, Lewis Nolan Nomar patented this device, which is basically a large 40-round magazine for the 1911 pistol. He envisioned a military use for the device in trench raiding, giving men a compact weapon with a large capacity. Unfortunately for him, the device was both remarkably (and unnecessarily) heavy and obsolete the day - [Lewis Gas Operated Pistol (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lewis-gas-operated-pistol-video/) - https://youtu.be/7zhQcLgoGzM Isaac Newton Lewis is best known as the designer of the Lewis light machine gun, of course - but that was not his only work in the firearms field. In 1919, he patented a semiauto handgun using the same gas-operated, rotating bolt mechanism as the machine gun. It is a pretty massive steel beast - [Slabs and Waffles and Bakes, Oh My! A Brief History of AK Mags](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/slabs-and-waffles-and-bakes-oh-my-a-brief-history-of-ak-mags/) - https://youtu.be/gUVoxH2Yr7k In recent months, a couple of interesting developmental varieties of AK mags have appeared on the market here in the US, and I figure folks might be interested in learning about the history of where and when they came from, and why they were used or not used. So today, we will look at - [Winchester Experimental Mag-Fed Garands (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/winchester-experimental-mag-fed-garands-video/) - https://youtu.be/_Y01YMVJrJI Even during World War Two, it was clear that the United States was interested in improving on the M1 Garand rifle. A company that could develop and update to the Garand to make it selective-fire and feed from a box magazine would be in a great position to sell the government a ton of - [Vickers Heavy Machine Gun (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vickers-heavy-machine-gun-video/) - https://youtu.be/HSG2Flnc1Rs The Vickers is quite simply the best heavy machine gun ever made. - [Swiss 1882 Ordnance Revolver (Shooting)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/swiss-1882-ordnance-revolver-shooting/) - https://youtu.be/glK-IWYBuJU The Swiss military dabbled in revolvers with their rimfire 1872 model (about 900 made) and the followup 1878 centerfire version (5500-6000 made), but their first large-scale service revolver was the Model 1882, designed by Colonel Schmidt (yeah, the same guy who did the rifles). The 1882 is a 7.5mm, 6-shot double action design with - [Two Strange Project SPIW Magazines (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/two-strange-project-spiw-magazines-video/) - https://youtu.be/nbvqMywnsm4 Today we are taking a look at two unusual magazines from unusual firearms. These are a 60-round double-column mag from a Springfield 1964 SPIW bullpup and a 50-round box magazine from an AAI XM-19 serial flechette rifle. These have both been covered on the blog before, but I wanted to give them some video - [Guycot 40-Shot Chain Pistol (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/guycot-40-shot-chain-pistol-video/) - https://youtu.be/SgghWnZgJd0 The Guycot chain pistol was the development of two Frenchmen, Henri Guenot and Paulin Gay in 1879. It is chambered for a unique 6.5mm caseless rocket ball type cartridge in which the base of the projectile is hollowed out and contains the propellant powder and a primer. Upon firing, the entirely of the projectile - [Puckle Gun (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/puckle-gun-video/) - https://youtu.be/GPC7KiYDshw The Puckle Gun is probably best known as that thing that had round bullets for Christians and square bullets for Turks, but there is much more to it than just that (and in addition, the square bullet version was never actually built). James Puckle designed it in 1718 as a naval defensive weapon to - [Slow Motion: M134 Minigun (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/slow-motion-m134-minigun-video/) - https://youtu.be/XeyVrLK03mc Following up to yesterday's look at the history and (partial) disassembly of a GE M134 Minigun, today we will check it out in slow motion. I filmed these high-speed shots, but there was so much detail in them to discuss that I decided to make them into a second separate video rather than cram - [M134 Minigun: The Modern Gatling Gun (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m134-minigun-the-modern-gatling-gun-video/) - https://youtu.be/rIlwHT4IdRc The General Electric M134 "Minigun" is essentially an electrically-powered Gatling gun - the conceptual operation of the gun is identical to Dr. Gatling's original creation. What has changed, however, is the chambering (it's in 7.62 NATO), the power source (an electric motor), and the feed mechanism (belt-feed using M60 links instead of the Gatling's - [Rod Bayonet M1903 Springfield (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rod-bayonet-m1903-springfield-video/) - https://youtu.be/o3UN4gLLPPc The US military adopted the Model 1903 Springfield rifle in 1903, replacing the short-lived Krag-Jorgenson rifle. However, the 1903 would undergo some pretty substantial changes in 1905 and 1906 before becoming the rifle we recognize today. The piece in todays video is an original Springfield produced in 1904, before any of these changes took - [French C6 Long-Recoil Prototype Semiauto Rifle (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/french-c6-long-recoil-prototype-semiauto-rifle-video/) - https://youtu.be/DkdD_xKFOJ8 France began working on developing military self-loading rifles virtually as soon as the 1886 Lebel was adopted, and they would pursue a pretty elaborate series of trials right up to World War I. One series was developed by Etienne Meunier at the Artillery Technical Section using gas operated mechanisms, and designated the A series. - [Colt Sidehammer "Root" Dragoon Prototype (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-sidehammer-root-dragoon-prototype-video/) - https://youtu.be/XaBLFL0VPfw During the development of the 1860 Army revolver, Colt did consider mechanical options other than simply scaling up the 1851 Navy pattern. One of these, as evidenced by this Colt prototype, was an enlarged version of the 1855 Pocket, aka Root, revolver. That 1855 design used a solid frame and had been the basis - [Nock 6-Barrel Flintlock (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/nock-6-barrel-flintlock-video/) - https://youtu.be/zTz4aMle71I Henry Nock was a highly respected and very talented British gunsmith, who manufactured a wide variety of arms including military muskets for the British Army. He is probably best known on the internet for his 7-barreled volley gun (which fires all seven charges simultaneously), intended for naval ship boarding operations. This particular gun resembled - [Japanese Grandpa Nambu with Stock (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-grandpa-nambu-with-stock-video/) - https://youtu.be/oUWpWaJrJpI The 1902 “Grandpa” Nambu is one of the first wave of successful military automatic pistols, developed by Kijiro Nambu and his team over the course of 5 years, from 1897 to 1902. It was the first automatic pistol to be used by the Japanese military, although it was a private-purchase sidearm for officers and - [Frommer Prototype Semiauto Rifle (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/frommer-prototype-semiauto-rifle-video/) - https://youtu.be/Axj7Dm5j24U Rudolf Frommer was a self-taught engineer and firearms designer who worked his way up through the FEG concern in Budapest to eventually hold the position of CEO. During this time he developed a series of long-recoil, rotating-bolt pistols culminating in the Frommer Stop, which was adopted by the Austro-Hungarian military. At some point during - [Bergmann Simplex Pocket Pistols (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-simplex-pocket-pistols-video/) - https://youtu.be/WYXtYZDRAK8 The Bergmann 1896 Number 2 pistol was a relatively successful compact pocket gun for its day, but quickly became obsolete as semiautomatic handguns developed and improved. Bergman and his chief engineer Schmeisser spent the late 1890s developing and improved version of the Bergmann automatics, pitting into two distinct lines of development. One was the - [Turner Semiauto SMLE Conversion (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/turner-semiauto-smle-conversion-video/) - https://youtu.be/oOgw59_lt7o Russell Turner was a Pennsylvania gunsmith and inventor who developed this semiautomatic conversion of an SMLE bolt action rifle circa 1940. It was intended for trial and potential sale to the Canadian military, as it would allow them to retrofit existing rifles into semiautomatic configuration and still use existing supplies of .303 British ammunition. - [Chinese C96 "Wauser" Broomhandle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-c96-wauser-broomhandle/) - https://youtu.be/TPu0fQhnY48 The C96 Mauser was a very popular handgun in China in the 1920s and 30s, which naturally led to a substantial number of domestically-produced copies of it. These ran the full range of quality, from dangerous to excellent. This particular example falls into the middle, appearing to be a pretty fair mechanical copy of - [Collier Flintlock Revolvers (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/collier-flintlock-revolvers-video/) - https://youtu.be/i9Km5KaeO7I Elisha Collier is probably the best-known name in flintlock revolvers - to the extent that any flintlock revolvers are well known. Because of the great cost and required skill to manufacture a functional repeating flintlock handgun without modern machine tools, these weapons were never common, but they were made by a number of gunsmiths - [Turner Light Rifle Prototype (2nd Model)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/turner-light-rifle-prototype-2nd-model/) - https://youtu.be/HnreBiNBX8Q Russell turner was a gunsmith and inventor in Pennsylvania who submitted a rifle design to the US Light Rifle trials (which would culminate in the adoption of Winchester’s design as the M1 Carbine). Turner’s entry into the first trial was a distinctive piece with a tubular metal stock and hand guard. This was criticized - [Astra Model F (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/astra-model-f-video/) - https://youtu.be/vgj3kRGknzM The Astra Model F was the final evolution of the Astra 900, a C96 Mauser lookalike. The Model F used detachable magazines and was select-fire, with a very effective rate reducing mechanism in the grip. It was adopted by the Guardia Civil in 1934, and 1,126 of the guns were produced in 1935. Of - [Battlefield One (Computer Game) Review](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/battlefield-one-computer-game-review/) - https://youtu.be/Vdkx9heY8Kw I am not much of a computer gamer these days, but since it was first announced I have known that I would need to try out Battlefield One. It has the distinction of being pretty much the only game produced by a major high-budget studio set in World War One. Fair disclosure; I did - [Colt "Brevete" Copy Overview: Legal, Illegal, and Post-Legal (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-brevete-copy-overview-legal-illegal-and-post-legal-video/) - https://youtu.be/BzRQ2l5N_K0 When you think about early revolver patent infringement, the name that probably comes to mind is Rollin White. But Sam Colt had more than his share of infringement to deal with as well! Colt's most important patent was on the linking of the hammer and cylinder, so that cocking the hammer would automatically rotate - [Frommer 1901 Pistol (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/frommer-1901-pistol-video/) - https://youtu.be/p-CXrytOS0E Rudolf Frommer was a self-taught engineer and firearms designer who worked his way up through the FEG concern in Budapest to eventually hold the position of CEO. During this time he developed a series of long-recoil, rotating-bolt pistols culminating in the Frommer Stop, which was adopted by the Austro-Hungarian military. These pistols began with - [Belgian 1862 Wall Gun (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/belgian-1862-wall-gun-video/) - https://youtu.be/LkW1Fsaxj-Y Wall guns are the philosophical predecessor to today's anti-material rifles - large-caliber, high power rifles heavy enough that they cannot be fired from the shoulder realistically. Traditionally, they were used for defending walls or ramparts, as the name implies. They would allow defenders to perforate armor that would be proof against normal shoulder rifles, - [Colt Prototype "Zig-Zag" Root Revolvers (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/colt-prototype-zig-zag-root-revolvers-video/) - https://youtu.be/ZZ53ko8ItR0 In the White: https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/69/1132 Blued: https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/69/1133 The 1855 “Root” pocket revolver was a reasonably successful design for the Colt company, although it was not the best mechanical design. The side hammer design used the cylinder axis to rotate and lock in place instead of using the rear face of the cylinder, which resulted in - [Pritchard Bayonet for the Webley Revolver (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/pritchard-bayonet-for-the-webley-revolver-video/) - https://youtu.be/hwX7TO6u6_Q The Pritchard bayonet for the Webley revolver is one of the more photogenic and less truly practical weapons to come out of the Great War. Designed by one Captain Pritchard after he spent a year in France in 1915-1916 with the Royal Berkshire Regiment, the idea was to use the front 8 inches or - [JoLoAr .45 ACP One-Hand-Cocking Pistol (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/joloar-45-acp-one-hand-cocking-pistol-video/) - https://youtu.be/RJQLXk3bEww The JoLoAr pistol was a combination of a poor-selling and unremarkable Spanish blowback semiauto pistol called the Sharpshooter and an idea by a man named Jose Lopez Arnaiz (whose name is the source of the pistol’s name). Arnaiz conceived the idea of mounting a lever (palanca in Spanish) onto a pistol slide, to allow - [Armaguerra Model 1939 Semiauto Rifle (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/armaguerra-model-1939-semiauto-rifle-video/) - https://youtu.be/sZ9IACssv2Y The Italian army actually adopted a semiautomatic rifle in 1939: this Armaguerra Model 1939. It was intended to supplant the M38 Carcano bolt actions, but ultimately never managed to get into mass production. The rifle was adopted initially in the new 7.35mm cartridge, and then quickly cancelled, as the new cartridge was dropped for - [Forgotten Weapons 2017!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/forgotten-weapons-2017/) - https://youtu.be/UELPh6cmDjc We have lots of exciting content coming for you in 2017, including at least two international trips, thanks to support from the fine folks on Patreon! I will be visiting the Pattern Room collection, and also making an exploratory trip to France. I don't know what material that will result in right now, but - [Magnificent Engraved Bergmann Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/magnificent-engraved-bergmann-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/LryDpF13IDg Today we are taking a brief side trip in Bergmann development to look at a couple of magnificent engraved Bergmann pistols - specifically, a pair of model 1896 No.3s, a Bergmann Mars 1903, and a model 1910. One of these (the 1910) was done by an outside engraver, and the others are examples of - [Bergmann Mars 1903](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-mars-1903/) - https://youtu.be/2uWT-l5Uo28 The military breakthrough for Bergmann finally came in 1903 with a new locking system for the pistol, designed by Louis Schmeisser (who had also designed the previous Bergmann handguns). In 1901, Schmeisser developed the new lock, and it was patented by Bergmann (his employer) primarily for use on heavy machine guns. It was used - [Book Review: Vickers Guide AR-15](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-vickers-guide-ar-15/) - https://youtu.be/oMhKM3-SjIA I don't normally have much interest in coffee-table books, and the Vickers Guide: AR-15 would definitely be considered a coffee-table book. That said, it is substantially different than most such books, and much more worthy of a place in a firearms reference library. A coffee-table book, as I see it, is one which is - [Bergmann Transitional No 4/5 Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-transitional-no-45-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/eSyD0Wnem_M Another pair of transitional Bergmann transitional prototypes today, this time ones that sit between the 1896 and 1897 designs (No2/3/4 and No5). One of these is basically an 1896 frame with an 1897 upper assembly and locking system, while the other is basically an 1896 action with an 1897 grip frame and stock attachment - [Bergmann No.5 / 1897 (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-no-5-1897-video/) - https://youtu.be/HnKKmeTOU-s The Bergmann #5 was the first pistol in the Bergmann line to have a locked breech action, taken from one of Schmeisser's machine gun patents. This model was introduced in 1897 using a more powerful cartridge than any of the previous Bergmanns, with the intention of finding military contracts. The new 7.8mm cartridge (actually - [Bergmann No. 3 & No.4 1896 Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-no-3-no-4-1896-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/gNERn3UXZXg Of the three calibers available in the 1896 model Bergmann pistol, the 6.5mm No.3 was the most popular. Approximately 4,000 of these guns were produced, and they found a worldwide following. The No.3 pistol was pretty much identical in concept to the 5mm No.2 Bergmann, but scaled up for the slightly larger 6.5mm cartridge. - [Bergmann Transitional No 1/2 Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-transitional-no-12-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/6L-IBrJTdYY Today we have a pair of interesting transitional Bergman factory prototypes which fall between the early No.1 / 1894 design and the 1896 No2/3/4 commercial production guns. These are both in the white, and show features from the designs both before and after. An interesting look inside the developmental process! - [Bergmann No. 2 / 1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-no-2-1896/) - https://youtu.be/yiT_LzDJqTM The No.2 was Bergmann's first offering of a civilian pocket pistol, introduced in 1896 alongside the larger-framed No.3 and No.4 pistols. It was chambered for a truly anemic 5mm cartridge, using a simple blowback system simplified from the first Bergmann-Schmeisser design. It used a 5-round Mannlicher-style en bloc clip, and early examples did not - [Bergmann No. 1 / 1894 (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-no-1-1894-video/) - https://youtu.be/SGNPqqau-E0 The initial patent for what would become the Bergmann pistols was actually a delayed blowback mechanism, and it was quickly revised to simple blowback by Louis Schmeisser. The first actual production pistols, designated the No.1, used this plain blowback system. This initial Bergmann-Schmeisser design's notable features include loading via 5-round Mannlicher type clip, a - [Bergmann Introduction (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-introduction-video/) - https://youtu.be/TG1yoXPSfeE Theodore Bergmann, despite having his name on a lot of different guns, was not actually a gun designer. Bergmann was a financier and industrialist, in many ways like Eli Whitney in the US decades earlier. Bergmann, like Whitney, would provide the capital to develop patents for their inventors. In the case of the Bergmann - [Book Review: FN Mauser Rifles by Anthony Vanderlinden](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-fn-mauser-rifles-by-anthony-vanderlinden/) - https://youtu.be/ocy8EC9YYAg When I was waiting for my copy of Anthony Vanderlinden's new book "FN Mauser Rifles" to arrive, I was expecting a typical sort of dry reference work. You know, the sort of thing that is essential for looking up details like the serial number range for a specific contract, or the sling swivel location - [SMLE Rifle Grenade Launcher (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/smle-rifle-grenade-launcher-video/) - https://youtu.be/CT1DyyCxf9Q While rifle-launched grenades date back hundreds of years, they first came into widespread use during World War One, on all sides of the conflict. The first years of the war saw the use of rod grenades, but their downsides (mediocre accuracy, bulkiness, and a propensity to damage rifle bores) led to the British adopting - [Traditional Afghan Jezail (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/traditional-afghan-jezail-video/) - https://youtu.be/B-aEWZrTibE https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/1028/263 The Jezail is the traditional rifle of the Afghan tribal fighter, although it originated in Persia (Iran). Distinctive primarily for its uniquely curved style of buttstock, these rifles still maintain a symbolic importance although they are utterly obsolete. Every jezail is a unique handmade weapon, but they all share some basic traits. They - [American Mosin Nagant Rifles (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/american-mosin-nagant-rifles-video/) - https://youtu.be/L-OfevJb03M Everyone is aware of the Mosin Nagant rifle, but not everyone realizes that about 2 million of them were actually manufactured in the United States. Russia had been producing M91 Mosin Nagant rifles in their three major arsenals (Tula, Izhevsk, and Sestroyesk) since the mid 1890s, but when World War One broke out that - [1867 Werndl (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/1867-werndl-video/) - https://youtu.be/NVqgvyQ0Tvw The first new breech-loading cartridge rifle adopted by the Austro-Hungarian military was the Model 1867 Werndl, firing the 11x42R black powder cartridge. It used an interesting rotating breech locking system, and replaced the Lorenz muzzleloading muskets and the Wanzl breechloading conversions of Lorenz muskets. The Werndl would also turn out to be the rifle - [Star Model A Carbine (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/star-model-a-carbine-video/) - https://youtu.be/tfODWasn5t8 Star introduced the Model A as the commercial sale version of the Model 1920 and 1921 pistols which they had entered into Spanish military trials in 1920. The pistol was rejected by the Army in favor of the Astra 400, but the Spanish Guardia Civil adopted it as their standard sidearm. The original design - [Bergman 1920s Trials Prototype Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergman-1920s-trials-prototype-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/W8Nyp-uwmIg This was, as far as I can tell, the final iteration of the Bergmann pistols, developed by AEP in Liege for potential military contracts. It retains the locking system of the 1910 pattern pistol, but with a simplified disassembly method reminiscent of the C96 Mauser. The barrel was lengthened, the rear sight replaced with - [Bergmann 1908, 1910, and 1910/21 Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-1908-1910-and-191021-pistols/) - https://youtu.be/PiyL7TSrwc4 By the time Bergmann found a production subcontractor in AEP for the Spanish order of 1903 Bergmann pistol, the Spanish had added a few new changes to their order, which became known as the Model 1908. In addition to filling the Spanish production, AEP also sold the guns on the commercial market fairly successfully, - [Goryunov SG43: Russia Replaces the Maxim](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/goryunov-sg43-russia-replaces-the-maxim/) - https://youtu.be/ontwdOSiaCY The Russian M1910 Maxim was clearly obsolete in the 1930s, and the Soviet military developed a replacement for it - the Degtyarev DS-39. These performed well in testing, but several major flaws were revealed when they started seeing field use (including in the Winter War) and production ceased after just 10,000 were made. The - [Walther WA-2000 (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/walther-wa-2000-video/) - https://youtu.be/_av1zBdnxXY The Walther WA-2000 has a reputation of being the ultimate German sniper rifle, with no expense spared in its design and construction. Designed in the aftermath of the 1972 Munich Olympics massacre, the WA2000 was intended to be a police sniper rifle, not a military arm. It is a bullpup layout and semiautomatic action, - [Book Review: Testing the War Weapons by Timothy Mullin](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-testing-the-war-weapons-by-timothy-mullin/) - https://youtu.be/8pdCyk6n0kY Written in 1997, Timothy Mullin's "Testing the War Weapons" sets out to provide a practical users guide to a wide variety of military rifles and light machine guns from the late 1800s to the present day. Unfortunately, the book suffers for lack of good editing, and comes out rather dry and repetitive. Probably half - [Ishapore SMLE MkI** India Pattern (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ishapore-smle-mki-india-pattern-video/) - https://youtu.be/Apx3D61_sRM While many people are familiar with the Ishapore 2A1 rifles chambered in 7.62mm NATO (largely thanks to their importation and sale in the US in large numbers), production of Indian Enfield rifles actually dates back to 1905, when the Ishapore arsenal was opened. The first rifles produced there were a batch of 3,000 MkI - [Swift Model B: For Training and Pranks (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/swift-model-b-for-training-and-pranks-video/) - https://youtu.be/ZvCJoGyiqbw As World War 2 exploded in Europe, rifle training suddenly because a very important topic in Great Britain. Typical solutions are small bore rimfire training variants of service rifles, but the British also wanted an option that could be used indoors and without any actual ammunition expenditure - and the Swift training rifle was - [Custom Cut-Down Walch 10-Shot Pepperbox Revolver (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/custom-cut-down-walch-10-shot-pepperbox-revolver-video/) - https://youtu.be/VI4uQu6lgW4 The Walch revolver was a Civil War era design with the unique feature of having superimposed loads - each chamber in the cylinder held not one shot, but two, stacked one on top of the other. The revolver had two hammers and a progressive trigger, and 10 percussions caps (for the 5-chamber model). This - [Peruvian Mausers: 1891 and 1909 (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/peruvian-mausers-1891-and-1909-video/) - https://youtu.be/PRQITDI1GRM Peru’s first standardized repeating rifle was the Model 1891 Mauser, as purchased in 1901 through Argentina. About 30,000 of these rifles were obtained when Argentina was unable to pay for them - although this may have been a quasi-diplomatic effort to hide Argentina’s interest in helping rearm Peru in light of their mutual hostility - [British L129A1 Sharpshooter Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/british-l129a1-sharpshooter-rifle/) - https://youtu.be/Ij7b1te6LHo Armament Research Services (ARES) is a specialist technical intelligence consultancy, offering expertise and analysis to a range of government and non-government entities in the arms and munitions field. For detailed photos of the guns in this video, don't miss the ARES companion blog post. With the British military's return to Afghanistan in the Global - [Ross Experimental A2 Prototype (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/ross-experimental-a2-prototype-video/) - https://youtu.be/B6uXo97P3mg This is a very rare Ross automatic pistol, patented in 1903 by Charles Ross, of the Ross Rifle Company in Quebec. It is a short recoil, toggle locked design, made for the .45 Ross proprietary cartridge (although efforts were made, unsuccessfully, to make a .45 ACP version for the US 1907 pistol trials). I - [Wheellock 101: History and Shooting (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/wheellock-101-history-and-shooting-video/) - https://youtu.be/Rk-pISvud6w The wheel lock was one of the first types of early gun or firearm, developed as an alternative to the simple but problematic matchlock musket. The wheellock uses an iron pyrite set against a spinning serrated wheel to produce sparks to fire a charge of black powder. The wheel lock was complex and expensive, - [Book Review: The Italian Vetterli Rifle by Robert Wilsey](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/book-review-the-italian-vetterli-rifle-by-robert-wilsey/) - https://youtu.be/1xFcBnvvNFo Here in the United States, the Italian Vetterli is overwhelmingly found in the 1870/87/15 guise, and considered unsafe to shoot. However, this is simply the final transformation of a rifle which saw substantial military service and deserves more respect than the often-haggard examples here usually bring. Robery Wilsey's new book "The Italian Vetterli Rifle: - [Review: Semiauto DPM by SMG Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/semiauto-dpm-by-smg-guns/) - https://youtu.be/VGnWrpns-rk I have had a parts kit for a Soviet DPM light machine gun (actually a Polish one, but the design is identical) stashed away for many years now, with the hope to eventually have it built into a live gun. When I found out that SMG (maker the the sweet semiauto FG42 replicas) was - [Sosso 1941 Italian Prototype Pistol (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sosso-1941-italian-prototype-pistol/) - https://youtu.be/iO3ZAuiq35k The Model 1941 Sosso is a huge Italian experimental semiauto pistol designed by Giulio Sosso. It uses a short recoil locking mechanism and is chambered for standard 9x19mm Parabellum ammunition, but its more unusual feature is its magazine. Instead of using a traditional spring and follower, the magazine body holds a 21-segment chain, like - [Mannlicher 1901 & 1905 Pistols (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mannlicher-1901-1905-pistols-video/) - https://youtu.be/B1l5UWhQfqA The Model 1901 and 1905 automatic pistols were the final development of the Mannlicher system. In this iteration they used internal magazines, a straight walled 7.65mm cartridge, and a delayed blowback system in which the slide had to overcome a spring-loaded wedge before it could open. The Model 1901 was a compact version with - [Australian Experimental Jungle Carbines at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/australian-experimental-jungle-carbines-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/Qc3xBqtxrSY In 1943, experimentation began in Great Britain, Canada, and Australia into developing a shortened and lightened version of the Lee Enfield rifle. In Australia, the work was done on the No1 Mk3* rifle, as the Lithgow Arsenal had never switched over to production of the No4 rifle. We have three experimental prototype carbines from - [US Test Trials .45 Caliber Knoble Pistol at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/us-test-trials-45-caliber-knoble-pistol-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/1P4reVVYIR8 One of the domestic American pistols entered in the US 1907 pistol trials was this short recoil, toggle locked design by W.E. Knoble of Tacoma Washington. Knoble submitted two experimental pistols to the trial, one with a single action trigger and one with a double action trigger - although he was unable to attend - [Axel Peterson's Complicated .22 Luger Conversion at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/axel-petersons-complicated-22-luger-conversion-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/KkMpjZdMu-I Axel Peterson was a Swedish immigrant who became a very respected gunsmith in the Denver area in the late 1800s, and whose shop remained in business until World War 2. Peterson was best known for his smallbore .22 target rifles, but he did much more than just that. Like, for example, this .22 rimfire - [Canadian Experimental Lightweight No4 Enfield at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/canadian-experimental-lightweight-no4-enfield-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/2G6mBlZ5Xcc In 1943 the need for a lighter and handier version of the Lee Enfield rifle became clear throughout the British Commonwealth, and experimentation began in Canada, Britain, and Australia. The work in Britain would culminate in the No5 Mk1 rifle, but the Canadian arsenal at Long Branch would try some different ideas first. Several - [Shooting the Czech ZH-29 at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shooting-the-czech-zh-29-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/cymsTkw-_r4 The Czech ZH-29 is one of the first well developed semiauto military rifles - it was light, mechanically simple, reliable, and handled well, unlike many of its ungainly or excessively complicated predecessors. It only found two buyers, though, in China and Ethiopia, despite being tested by many major military powers. The production examples were - [The Ultimate German Sniper Rifle: the H&K PSG-1 at James D Julia](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-ultimate-german-sniper-rifle-the-hk-psg-1-at-james-d-julia/) - https://youtu.be/gBYfbtoSHxo Developed in the 1980s, the H&K PSG-1 is one of the most iconic sniper rifles in popular culture, with a reputation for unmatched accuracy. It is, in fact, an excellent rifle, and today we will look at why. The PSG-1 was introduced in the 1980s and based on the German G3 rifle action. Onto - [Mud testing: M1A, MAS 49/56, AR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/mud-testing-m1a-mas-4956-ar/) - I'm at the SHOT Show in Las Vegas today (and the rest of the week), and when you read this I will probably be desperately trying to wade through the sea of AR15s in search of something interesting. :) At any rate, I figured you might get a kick out of the most recent video - [Japanese Type 97 Tank Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/japanese-type-97-tank-machine-gun/) - While in Las Vegas last week, I stopped into Battlefield Vegas to check out some interesting machine guns (and join Tim from Military Arms Channel for a video). While there, the owner took the time to pull this Type 97 Japanese tank machine gun out of his personal collection for me to take a look - [Guns in the Movies (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/guns-in-the-movies-video/) - https://youtu.be/pj1y-bx_p30 Today we have not so much an examination of a specific firearms, but rather a look at how Clint Eastwood’s film portrayal of Dirty Harry Callahan drove a huge wave of popularity of the Smith & Wesson Model 29 - “the most powerful handgun in the world.” - [Sharps & Hankins Navy Model Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sharps-hankins-navy-model-carbine/) - https://youtu.be/97OOpIrIsEc Designed by Christian Sharps (or Sharps rifle fame), the Sharps & Hankins carbine was a light and handy rimfire carbine intended for military use. It was a single-shot weapon with an unusual action to lever the barrel forward off the frame, and several interesting technical feature. Most significantly, it used a floating firing pin - [Gahendra: the Nepalese Martini (or not)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/gahendra-the-nepalese-martini-or-not/) - https://youtu.be/YMJq8ZaRT5k Long a mysterious unknown member of the Martini family, the Nepalese Gahendra rifles finally became available in the US and Europe after IMA purchased Nepal’s cache of historic arms. The Gahendra is a uniquely Nepalese design built to sidestep British reluctance to supply military arms to the colony. Developed by a General Gahendra (who - [Yeah, the AR15 is Now Becoming C&R Eligible](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/yeah-the-ar15-is-now-becoming-cr-eligible/) - https://youtu.be/Jowv167KdbM Given the status of the AR15 as the preeminent military rifle still today, it comes as a surprise to many people to learn just how old the gun really is. Civilian production of the SP-1 model by Colt actually began in 1964, which means that early SP-1 rifles started becoming Curio & Relic qualified - [Savage .25 ACP Prototype Pocket Pistols (Video)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/savage-25-acp-prototype-pocket-pistols-video/) - https://youtu.be/aQFAXkfiG-Y Savage was very successful with their .32 ACP and .380 ACP pocket pistols, and in the 1910s was interested in also breaking into the .25 ACP market, to compete with the Colt 1908 "Baby Browning". Savage invested in all the tooling to make a new blowback .25, but never put them into serial production. ## Pages - [Home](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/) - Your destination for rare, exotic, and prototype firearms. - [Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/) - Many interesting rifles have shown interested designs or features, but never become well known. Sometimes the ideas have potential but are poorly implemented, some fall victim to legal regulations, and some just aren't marketed well. The rifles we currently have in our Vault are: Australian Automatic Arms SAC Czech CZ46 Czech CZ38 Czech ZK 420-S - [Woodhull carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/woodhull-carbine/) - The Woodhull entry to the Light Rifle trials was a variant on the Winchester 1905 self-loader. - [Carbine Williams and Winchester](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/carbine-williams-and-winchester/) - David Marshall "Carbine" Williams is best known for his work on the M1 Carbine during World War Two, but he actually worked on several other projects while employed by Winchester, and the Carbine was an unexpected side project. His work began when he was assigned to take over development of Ed Browning's rifle, which was - [Bergmann Automatic Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/bergmann-automatic-pistols/) - The story of the Bergmann also has an interesting element of credit to it, as Theodore Bergmann was never a gun designer. Instead, Bergmann was a businessman and industrialist. Born in Spessartdorf Germany in 1850, Bergmann left his family’s innkeeping business to follow a calling in the metalworking industry. By the age of 19, Bergmann - [M1 Carbine Development](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/) - The Light Rifle Program was the search for the weapon that would eventually become the M1 Carbine, issued by the millions in World War II and in the years after - [M1 Garand Development](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/) - The US military spent many years searching for a semiautomatic rifle design suitable for general issue. They eventually chose the Garand gas-operated rifle, but there were many other interesting rifles involved along the way. The early designs we have information on are: Colt 1929 rifle Danish Bang rifle Swiss Rheinmetall 1928 rifle Swiss Rychiger rifle - [Early Automatic Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/) - Successful self-loading handguns began appearing in the 1890s. Their development was simplified by the low pressures used by many pistol cartridges at the time (as opposed to rifle development using large military cartridges). Two of the more iconic designs are the C96 "Broomhandle" Mauser and the Luger, but there were many other designs at the - [SIG Stgw 57](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/sig-stgw-57/) - The Stgw 57 was Switzerland's first standard-issue selfloading service rifle. The Swiss experimented with designs for ten or twelve years (including the AK52) before adapting the model 57 in, appropriately, 1957. The design is based on the German roller-locking system, and uses a delayed blowback system like the StG45 rather than a truly locked mechanism. - [General Liu rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/general-liu-rifle/) - The General Liu rifle (named for its designer) was China's closest approach to an indigenous self-loading infantry rifle before World War II. - [North China Type 19](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/north-china-type-19/) - Many years prior to the attack on the US Navy that marks the beginning of World War II for the United States, the Empire of Japan had invaded China. This war of occupation was a massive effort on the part of Japan's military, involving more than 2 million troops at its height. When the war - [RSC Mle 1917](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/rsc-mle-1917/) - The RSC Mle 1917 was a semiautomatic rifle designed and adopted by the French during WWI. - [Madsen-Rasmussen 1888/1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/madsen-rasmussen-18881896/) - Madsen and his partner Rasmussen started developing a semiautomatic rifle in 1883, and their 1888 and 1896 models led directly to the Madsen LMG. - [Biography: Léon and Émile Nagant](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/biography-leon-and-emile-nagant/) - Note: This biography was written by our friend and occasional contributor Robert White. Thanks, Robert! One of the oldest pistols still in service is the Russian M1895 Nagant, designed by Léon and Émile Nagant. Léon Nagant along with Colonel Sergei Ivanovich Mosin designed one of the oldest rifles still in service, the Mosin Nagant M1891. - [Czech ZH29 rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/czech-zh29-rifle/) - The ZH29 was an intricately machined semiauto Czech rifle with many unusual features. - [PK / PKM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/pk-pkm/) - The PK general purpose machine gun was developed by the Kalashnikov design bureau, and is arguably the best GPMG in use today. - [Schwarzlose 1907 and 07/12 ](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/schwarzlose-1907-and-0712/) - The Schwarzlose machine gun was developed by Andreas Schwarzlose starting in 1902, as an attempt to produce a machine gun simpler and less expensive than the guns then on the market. - [Colombo Ricci Automatic Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/colombo-ricci-automatic-revolver/) - The Colombo-Ricci is (was) an automatic revolver reportedly designed in Italy around 1910, and chambered for the standard 10.4mm Italian revolver cartridge. Very little information is available on the gun, but it seems reasonable to suspect that it was developed to compete for an Italian Army service handgun contract, as trials were going on through - [Mexican Pieper Revolving Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/mexican-pieper-revolving-carbine/) - I often find myself answering the question, why didn't anybody adopt a revolving rifle based on the M1895 gas-seal Nagant revolver? It does seem like a natural solution to the gas-related problems inherent to a revolving rifle, doesn't it? Well, the answer is that at least one group did adopt just such a weapon: the - [Rexim-Favor](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/rexim-favor/) - The Rexim-Favor was a Spanish-made, Swiss-marketed, and allegedly French-designed submachine gun produced during the 1950s. Only about 5000 were made in total, as the gun failed to procure any significant military or police contracts. Mechanically, it was a pretty typical submachine gun, using a simple blowback mechanism chambered for 9mm Parabellum ammunition. It had a - [US Bommarito rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/us-bommarito-rifle/) - The Bommarito experimental rifle used a long-recoil toggle action like the Luger or Pedersen, and was submitted to the US Ordnance Department. - [Hefah (V)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/hefah-v/) - The Hefah machine gun was a wartime expedient British light machine gun design. It was created by a private company (the Ductile Steel Company) in 1940, in response to a generalized concern that all LMG production in the UK was concentrated at Enfield, and a successful attack on he complex there could create a huge - [Swiss M1944 semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/swiss-m1944-semiauto/) - The Swiss M1944 was a semiautomatic rifle based on the K31 bolt action. - [British EM-2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/british-em-2/) - The EM-2 was briefly adopted as the British No9 Mk1 service rifle in 1951 before the UK adopted the NATO standard 7.62mm cartridge. - [Prototype Italian MBT 1925 Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/prototype-italian-mtb-1925-rifle/) - This rifle was examined (but not disassembled) at the SAR show in December 2011. It is evidently in 6.5x52 Mannlicher, though it is possible that a reduced power loading (which the Italians had previously experimented with) was utilized. Apparently it is fed from a Carcano clip that falls out the bottom when it's empty; the - [FFV-890C](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ffv-890c/) - Seth Cane has previously written a 3-part series of articles for us on the Galil, which you can see here: Galil SAR, Galil AR, and Galil ARM. He is now following that with an in-depth piece on the Swedish trials of the Galil. Thanks, Seth! For folks interested in the Galil, Seth has also produced - [Ljungman AG-42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ljungman/) - The AG42 Ljungman was a Swedish semiautomatic rifle used during World War 2. It used a direct gas impingement system and tilting bolt. - [Japanese Type 97](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-tank-riflescannon/japanese-type-97/) - The Type 97 was a gas-operated 20mm antitank cannon developed by Japan in the 1930s, and used through World War II. - [Advertise](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/advertise/) - Would you like to see your site advertised on ForgottenWeapons? We are looking for a limited number of quality, reputable companies to work with. ForgottenWeapons attracts a highly targeted readership with a high level interest in gun collecting and shooting. If that sounds like a group you would like to have exposed to your site, - [Mexican Mondragon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/mexican-mondragon/) - The Mondragon was not a major part of any armed conflict, but remains a landmark weapon for being the first of its kind effective enough to be used in quantity by a national military. - [Bergmann 1897 Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/bergmann-1907-carbine/) - Unlike the Luger, Mauser, and Mannlicher, Bergmann pistols were not generally made as carbines. A few examples were made, though, like this 1907 carbine. - [vz.54](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/vz-54-sniper/) - Czech vz.54 sniper was a modified Mosin-Nagant, equipped with a 2.5x Meopta scope. They were made from 1954 to 1957 and served until replaced by the Dragunov - [ZfK-55](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/swiss-zfk-55/) - The Swiss ZfK-55 is a K31 rifle modified to be a sniper's weapon, with a heavy barrel, bipod, muzzle brake, and optical scope. - [P14 Sniper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/p14-sniper/) - From our friend Steve Hill at Spotted Dog Firearms, we have a good set of photos of an original World War I Winchester (as a result of British trials, it was determined that Winchester made the most accurate rifles, and only Winchesters were used in sniper conversions) P14 rifle converted to sniper use by the - [K31/42, K31/43](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/k3142-k3143/) - The Swiss experimented with scoped sniper rifles during World War II, and the results were the K31/42 and the K31/43. Only a couple thousand were made between the two models, and they were not considered particularly successful. Ultimately they were replaced by the ZfK-55 (a much better rifle for the purpose) a decade after the - [91/30 PU](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/9130-pu/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFA5U5FwJbo The Soviet Union produced more sniper rifles during WWII than any other country, and was one of very few to have a well-developed sniper program in place before the war began. Starting in the early 1930s, they developed a sniper variant of the standard M91/30 infantry rifle, with technical assistance from Germany (of all - [Swedish Lano](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/swedish-lano/) - The following is a Swedish report translated by Arne Bergkvist - thanks again, Arne! Any mistakes in editing are mine - Ian. This study is a work of FÖRSVARETS MATERIALVERK, Vapenbyrån, Finkalibersektionen Engineer Per Arvidsson Lano rifle is the subject. Other rifles in the test will be tested on another occasion. Background Until 1989 the - [Sniper Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/sniper-rifles/) - [SIG KE-7](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/sig-ke-7/) - The KE7 was a light machine gun design developed by Pal Kiraly and a colleague in the 1920s, and it was marketed extensively and unsuccessfully across Europe. - [Browning-Mauser II](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/browning-mauser-ii/) - Here's another example of the inter-war Chinese pistol trade - this one from Roger Papke of Handfuls Of History. It's interesting to note that this pistol is virtually identical in design to the one recently sold at Rock Island, but has much different markings. The obvious question is, what was the relationship between the builders - [C96 with Hand-Made Frame](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/c96-with-hand-made-frame/) - After posting my video of the oddball Chinese pistol in the recent RIA auction, I received a number of emails from folks with similar sorts of guns. One was from a fellow named Leonardo, who ended up with an interesting Chinese creation courtesy of Fed Ord. About 20 years ago, they were selling really junky - [Mauser 1914/C96](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/mauser-1914c96/) - I'm sure everyone has heard a second or third hand story about someone finding a total steal on a gun at an estate sale or auction. Heck, I've had a few great moments that start to get close to that myself - but I've not yet actually found a gun at a yard sale, much - [Browning 1900](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/browning-1900/) - You might recall our friend Bin Shih from the series of interviews we did with him a while back. Well, he met up with us at the show last weekend, and found a neat pistol there. It's a Chinese manufactured copy of the Browning Model 1900, chambered for .32ACP. These were popular pistols in pre-WWII - [Browning-Mauser I](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/browning-mauser-i/) - When you see a pistol with markings from multiple different manufacturers, it means one of two things: collaborative project, or Chinese workshop manufacture (or Khyber Pass workshop manufacture). Well, this one is definitely Chinese: Check out all the different markings! We have Brownings (three of 'em!), Mauser, and a Belgian proof stamp all nestled together, - [Chinese Oddball Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/chinese-oddball-pistols/) - [Madsen M50](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/madsen-m50/) - The Danish Madsen firm (Dansk Industri Syndikat) just never quite hit the big-time. They built lots of interesting, good firearms, but never quite came up with something that became really iconic. The M/50 is a good example of this track record – it was functionally a pretty ordinary open-bolt submachine gun, but had some innovative - [Galil ARM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/galil-arm/) - The Galil was Israel's adaptation of the Russian AK47/AKM rifle. The ARM was the standard Israeli 5.56mm service rifle between the FAL and M16. - [Mauser 1912/14](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/mauser-191214/) - The Mauser 1912/14 automatic pistol was the final stage of a dead-end development track for a military sidearm in 9mm Parabellum made by Mauser. The program began as a plain blowback pistol in 1909, which did not work effectively, and was replaced by a series of different locked or semilocked systems culminating in this, the - [Type 11 Nambu LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/type-11-nambu-lmg/) - The Japanese Type 11 light machine gun used a distinctive hopper feed mechanism. It was designed by Kojiro Nambu and saw use in China and World War 2. - [Smith-Condit](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/smith-condit/) - In the years prior to World War I, the US Army Ordnance Department was already investigating the possibility of adopting a self-loading service rifle, even as the 1903 Springfield rifle was being adopted. In 1904 and again in 1909, the department published the testing procedure that would be undertaken for semiauto rifles submitted for consideration. - [French Hagen rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/french-hagen-rifle/) - The Hagen was an experimental semiauto rifle developed in France in 1912. - [Model 45A](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/model-45a/) - by Tom Laemlein A couple of years ago, I wrote a short article for Small Arms Review magazine on the strangely futuristic “Model 45A”, which was the subject of a group of photos by a US Army photographer. Apparently this rifle was a one-off developed by a group of Army Ordnance men stationed in the - [Steyr M1888/90 Semiauto Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/steyr-1888-semiauto-conversion/) - An example of an early Dutch semiauto conversion of a bolt action rifle. The housing for the clip has been opened up to fit a magazine, and a pistol grip has been rather crudely added. - [Bethlehem Steel 37mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-tank-riflescannon/bethlehem-steel-37mm/) - The 37mm gun was found in many guises during World War One - that caliber was the smallest allowed to use exploding projectiles by the 1899 Hague accords. Every nation in the world, it seems, used 37mm guns of one type or another. Well, one particular version I had the chance to look at was - [Ithaca Auto & Burglar](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/ithaca-auto-burglar/) - The Ithaca Gun Company introduced their "Auto & Burglar" model of side-by-side shotgun in 1922. This was not the only gun of its type made for the commercial market, but it was one of the better ones, and is probably the best remembered type today. The premise was simple: take a standard SxS shotgun, cut - [XM-2 Personnel Detector](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/accessories/xm-2-personnel-detector/) - by Tom Laemlein In the rather deadly game of “hide & seek” played by the US Army and the Viet Cong led to a rather bizarre technical innovation during the Vietnam War: the people sniffer. The detection technology was developed by General Electric for the US Army’s Chemical Corps. "People Sniffer" technology was based on - [Sedgley Glove Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/sedgley-glove-gun/) - The Sedgley Glove Gun was one of the goofiest projects actually funded by the US military during WWII. Designed for the Navy, it was basically a leather gardening glove with a single shot .38 S&W pistol attached to the back (the original patent calls for a .410 shotshell, but this was changed for unknown reasons). - [Firearms Manual Archive Volume I: Machine Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/firearms-manual-archive-volume-i-machine-guns/) - Volume I of the Firearms Manual Archive DVD includes 212 machine gun manuals in English, and other languages. Guns from the AA52 to the ZB-30 and more! - [Girardoni Air Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/girardoni-air-rifle/) - The Girardoni (also spelled Girandoni) air rifle was a very advanced design adopted in 1780 by the Austrian Army. While the standard arm of the day was a single-shot flintlock, the Girardoni offered a massive firepower advantage to the men who carried it. The guns (designed by Bartholomäus Girardoni, of Vienna) had a magazine capacity - [Mossberg/CAC .45](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/mossbergcac-45/) - Think about the really stereotypical service pistol for the 21st century (so far) - it would be something with a polymer frame, large magazine capacity, minimum of manual controls, and a striker with a safety built into the trigger pull. Like a Glock or Springfield XD or Smith and Wesson M&P. Everyone in tune with - [M6 Gun Motor Carriage](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-tank-riflescannon/m6-gun-motor-carriage/) - The M6 Gun Motor Carriage was the first American tank destroyer of WWII - a 37mm antitank gun (basically identical to the M3 gun) mounted on the back of a Dodge 3/4 ton weapons carrier. A large armor shield protected the gun crew from small arm fire, but the vehicle was otherwise highly exposed. The - [Mayn 7.62mm Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/mayn-7-62mm-carbine/) - To the left there is a Soviet memo on the subject of the experimental carbine designed by a Colonel P.I. Mayn. The memo reads: To the chief of the Red Army GAU, General-Lieutenant-Colonel comrade Yakovlev The faculty of aviational armament in the Zhukovskiy Military Air Academy, under the supervision of a lecturer from the department - [LeMat Revolving Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/lemat-revolving-carbine/) - Today's post is a guest article by Kymm Wilson, on the subject of the very rare LeMat carbine, which he was put quite a bit of work into recreating. by Kymm Wilson Just prior to the Civil War an inventor named Jean Francois Alexander LeMat invented a revolver known then as the grapeshot revolver. It - [Landstad 1900](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/landstad-1900/) - The Norwegian Landstad 1900 was an automatic revolver using both a cylinder and box magazine. Only one prototype was made, which did poorly in military trials. - [Experimental German 08/18 Maxim SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/experimental-german-0818-maxim-smg/) - From Max Popenker, we have a set of photos of a very funky German submachine gun from the first world war (presumably 1918). The weapon is currently in possession of the weapon design department at Tula State University in Russia, and that's where these photos were taken. Until now, the only photo available of this - [Galil SAR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/galil-sar/) - by Seth Cane Tanks and Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs) can be tight places, and every inch of room is used to the fullest extent. A rifle with a barrel length of 18 inches can seem down-right absurd to have in a tank through the eyes of its crew. Infantry officers will have similar complaints. When - [Colt 1903 Pocket Hammer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/colt-1903-pocket-hammer/) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMg3ErG2q4k Accidently Abidextrous, or Hands on with the Colt 1903 Pocket Hammer by Kyle Smith The Colt model 1903 pocket hammer is based of of the 1902 sporting model, which is in turn a civilian market variant of the Colt 1900. Like it's immediate forerunners it is a .38acp chambering, of course not to be - [Caldaza Bayo CB-51](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/caldaza-bayo-cb-51/) - Thanks to reader Barton and some connections in Spain, we have some outstanding photos of a couple experimental rifles from the post-WWII era before Spain adopted the CETME rifle. After the war, virtually every major nation was trying to expend upon German small arms technology, and Spain was no exception. They had an advantage in - [Bofors 37mm AT](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cannon/bofors-37mm-at/) - The Swedish Bofors company developed a sophisticated and very high-quality light anti-tank gun in the early 1930s, and found significant commercial success with it. A variety of countries either purchased the guns outright from Bofors or paid for licenses to produce them domestically. These countries included Denmark, Finland, Poland, the Netherlands, and Sweden itself. The - [Model 58](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/unidentified-prototypes/model-58/) - We received an excellent gallery of photos from a reader named Roberto, showing an interesting rifle that he could not identify. After some searching, we have decided that we have no idea what it is either. Any ideas? The markings are minimal - one side of the receiver is marked "CAL 7.62" and "MOD 58", - [Hotchkiss Revolving Cannon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/manual-machine-guns/hotchkiss-revolving-cannon/) - The Hotchkiss Revolving Cannon was designed by an American, Benjamin Hotchkiss, in response to the Franco-Prussian War. - [Stechkin Automatic Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/machine-pistols/stechkin-automatic-pistol/) - The Stechkin automatic pistol was adopted by the Soviet military in 1951, alongside the Makarov pistol. - [PM-63 "Rak"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/pm-63-rak/) - The Polish PM63 machine pistol was an early PDW designed for vehicle crewmen and other non-infantry personnel. It was well made and effective within its limits. - [Lercker machine pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/machine-pistols/lercker-machine-pistol/) - The Lercker was a .25ACP machine pistol developed in Italy in the 1960s. A few hundred were made, but it achieved no commercial success. - [APB Silenced Machine Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/machine-pistols/apb-silenced-machine-pistol/) - The APB was a silenced version of the Stechkin machine pistol, used by Soviet Spetsnaz special forces units. - [Union Repeating Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/manual-machine-guns/union-repeating-gun/) - The Union Repeating Gun, aka Ager Coffee Mill Gun, was the first practical manual machine gun adopted by the US military. - [vz.52 Prototype Machine Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/machine-pistols/vz-52-prototype-machine-pistol/) - In light of our recent video on the HK P9 (and comparison to the Czech vz.52 pistol), I though it would be interesting to take a look at an interesting prototype machine pistol. This was commissioned by a man named Henk Visser during the 1980s (when machine pistols had a brief flare of popularity) although - [Manual Machine Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/manual-machine-guns/) - [Machine Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/machine-pistols/) - [Czech ZKW 420](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/czech-zkw-420/) - Czech ZKW 420 rifle - no information known about this rifle - [Czech ZK 420-S rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/czech-zk-420-s-rifle/) - The ZK 420-S was a Czech wartime development very similar to the M1 Garand rifle. - [Welrod pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/welrod-pistol/) - The Welrod pistol was a silenced handgun developed by British special operations for shooting sentries in WWII. - [Darne](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/darne/) - The Darne was a medium machine gun used by France, Brazil, Lithuania, Spain, and others in the 1920s. It was belt fed and gas operated. - [Tatarack P14 semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/unidentified-prototypes/tatarack-p14-semiauto/) - Nothing else known about the P14 Enfield semiauto conversion. - [Treeby Chain Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/treeby-chain-gun/) - The Treeby chain gun was an 1854 percussion rifle that could fire 14 rounds in rapid succession. We have photos and video of a surviving example. - [TRW Low Maintenance Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/trw-low-maintenance-rifle/) - The TRW Low Maintenance Rifle was developed as an alternative to the M16 for harsh environments during the Vietnam War. - [Steyr GB](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/steyr-gb/) - The Steyr GB service pistol was designed for the Austrian Army, using a gas delay system very similar to that of the Volkssturm Gustloffwerke VG1-5 rifle. - [US Stendebach semiauto rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/us-stendebach-semiauto-rifle/) - The American Stendebach semiauto rifle was an interesting collection of design elements, including a delayed toggle-lock action and a rotary magazine. - [Šokac](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/sokac/) - The Croatian Sokac SMG was a simplified copy of the Russian PPSh-41, made in the early 1990s for Croatia's war of independence. - [Turner carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/turner-carbine/) - Turner carbine for the Light Rifle trials, both first and second variations. - [vz.61 Skorpion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/vz61-skorpion/) - The vz.61 was a Czech machine pistol or PWD developed for vehicle crews. It is a straight blowback select-fire weapon chambered for the .32ACP cartridge. - [US Sieg rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/us-sieg-rifle/) - The Sieg was a post-WWII rifle in .30-06 caliber, developed by a US Coast Guard officer. - [Savage Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/savage-light-rifle/) - This carbine was designed by John Pierce, and submitted to the Light Rifle trials by the Savage Arms company. - [Polish "Beha" SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/polish-beha-smg/) - The (Bechowiec): Poland's Forgotten Submachine Gun by Leszek Erenfeicht Henryk Strąpoć (pronounce: ‘Strompoch’) of Czerwona Gora-Podlesie in Kielce region of southern Poland, was a village blacksmith’s younger son and a talented mechanic designer in his own, with a flair for amateur gunsmithing. At the ripe age of 15, in 1937, he made his first, entirely - [Savage 45](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/savage-45/) - The Savage 1906 (or 1907) in .45ACP was a competitor in the 1907 US pistol trials, which ultimately chose to adopt a Colt/Browning design as the M1911. - [San Cristobal Carbine (Model 2)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/san-cristobal-carbine-model-2/) - The San Cristobal carbine was a Hungarian design produced in the Dominican Republic in the 1950s. It was a select-fire carbine in .30 Carbine caliber. - [Swiss Rheinmetall 1928 rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/swiss-rheinmetall-1928-rifle/) - The Rheinmetall 1928 semiauto was submitted to US Army testing in 1929. It used a gas trap mechanism and a toggle action. - [Swiss Rychiger rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/swiss-rychiger-rifle/) - The Swiss-designed Rychiger was a promising rifle submitted to US Army Ordnance testing. It was a recoil-operated gun based on the straight-pull Schmidt-Rubin. - [Finnish Pelo rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/finnish-pelo-rifle/) - The Finnish Pelo rifle was a short recoil rifle designed in the 1930s and tested in Britain and Scandinavia. - [Polish Resistance Sten copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/polish-resistance-sten-copy/) - This copy of a Sten gun was made by the Polish Resistance. The bolt is very close to a Sten design, although the receiver and stock are different. - [MCEM3](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/mcem3/) - British prototype MCEM3 submachinegun - [Orita M1941](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/orita-m1941/) - The M1941 Orita submachine gun was a pretty good weapon used by the Romanian Army throughout WWII and into the 1970s - [US Pedersen .276 rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/us-pedersen-276-rifle/) - The .276 caliber Pedersen was the primary competitor to the Garand as the first US military self-loading rifle. - [Madsen Light machine gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/madsen-light-machine-gun/) - The Madsen was the first successful light machine gun, entering production in 1902. It saw much use, but was an unusual design. - [French MAS Type 62](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/french-mas-type-62/) - In the 1950s and early 1960s, the French arsenal MAS produced several dozen prototype rifles in 7.62x51 NATO. This article describes on of the last, the Type 62 - [French MAS Type 1955](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/french-mas-type-1955/) - In the 1950s and early 60s, the French arsenal MAS developed several dozen prototype rifles in 7.62x51 NATO. This one is the Type 1955. - [Mannlicher 1905](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/mannlicher-1905/) - Just before his death, Mannlicher scaled up his 1901 carbine to use full-power 8mm ammo. It was a short-recoil action with a tilting block locking mechanism. - [Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/browning-automatic-rifle-bar/) - The Browning Automatic Rifle was developed by American firearms prodigy John Browning in 1917 and adopted within months. - [Lewis Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/lewis-light-machine-gun/) - The Lewis gun was designed by an American, Colonel Isaac Newton Lewis. It was one of the first successful air-cooled light machine gun designs, and used an aluminum radiator to pull heat off the barrel. The gun was used extensively in both World Wars. Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l73mR4D9pYw Manuals English (click to download in PDF format) Russian - [US Ljutic rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/us-ljutic-rifle/) - The Ljutic semiauto rifle was developed in 1944 as a private attept to compete with the M1 Garand in Army service. - [Howa Type 89](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/howa-type-89/) - The Howa Type 89 was a 5.56mm rifle adopted by the Japanese Self-Defense Force to replace the Howa Type 64. - [Howa Type 64](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/howa-type-64/) - The Howa Type 64 assault rifle was designed in the late 1950s and became Japan's first standard issue assault rifle in 1964. - [Harrington & Richardson Light Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/harrington-richardson-light-rifle/) - The H&R light rifle prototype was basically a Reising submachinegun converted to .30 carbine. It was light and accurate, but unreliable. - [Garand carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/garand-carbine/) - This prototype carbine was designed by John Garand and entered into the Light Rifle trial by Springfield Armory. - [Genar SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/genar-smg/) - The Genar submachinegun was a development of the TZ45, which was developed during WWII and manufactured into the 1950s. - [Japanese Type 4](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/japanese-type-4/) - The Japanese Type 4 (often called the Type 5) was a copy of the US M1 Garand rifle, in 7.7 Japanese caliber. - [Hotchkiss Universal SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/hotchkiss-universal-smg/) - The Hotchkiss Universal was initially designed as a compact folding police carbine before being redesigned as a submachine gun. - [Hillberg carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/hillberg-carbine/) - Experimental .30 caliber carbine made by Hillberg - [Fedorov](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/fedorov/) - The Fedorov was the first practical assault rifle. It was a select-fire rifle with a 25-round magazine of 6.5x50mm cartridges. - [Hyde Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/hyde-carbine/) - The Hyde carbine was one of the more successful guns submitted to the Light Rifle trials. - [Fosbery Breechloader](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/fosbery-breechloader/) - Col George Fosbery, best known for the Webley-Fosbery automatic revolver, also invented this breechloading rifle for British military trials. - [FAMAS F1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/famas-f1/) - The French FAMAS was one of the first bullpup rifles adopted on a large scale, and is still the standard weapon of the French Army - [British EM-1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/em1/) - The EM1 was an experimental British rifle developed in the late 1940s, and was definitely the high-tech wonder rifle of its day. - [Danuvia 39M](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/danuvia-39m/) - The Danuvia 39M was a Hungarian submachine gun designed by Pal Kiraly using his lever delayed blowback mechanism. It was used through WW2 by the Honvédség. - [Czech CZ-38 rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/czech-cz-38-rifle/) - Another 1930s experimental Czech autoloading rifle. No other information known. - [Czech 1946 experimental rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/czech-1946-experimental-rifle/) - A variety of experimental self-loading rifles were developed in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s and 40s. This is one of them, which shows some resemblance to Vaclev Holek's 1929 rifle design. - [Colt 1929 Semiauto Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/colt-1929-semiauto-rifle/) - The Colt 1929 semiautomatic rifle was designs by J.E. Browning. It was recoil-operated and fired the .276 cartridge. - [US Thompson .276 semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/us-thompson-276-semiauto/) - This rifle was submitted to the 1929 US Army rifle trials. It was a .276 caliber retarded-blowback action, and used lubricated cartridges. - [US White .276 semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/us-white-276-semiauto/) - The White semiauto was a .276 caliber rifle submitted to the 1930 US Army trials to compete with the Garand and Pedersen rifles. - [Chinese Thompson SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/chinese-thompson-smg/) - Chinese Thompson SMG in 7.62x25mm - [Chinese Arisakas in 7.62x39mm](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/arisakas-in-7-62x39mm/) - After WWII, the Chinese converted many captured Type 38 Arisakas to 7.62x39mm. We have photos of two examples of different conversion methods. - [Clarke carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/clarke-carbine/) - Prototype .30 caliber carbine design submitted for Army testing in 1944 by the Clarke Arms Corporation. - [Hotchkiss M1922/24/26](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/hotchkiss-m19222426/) - The 1922 Hotchkiss LMG was made in several different calibers and configurations for export. It was strip fed and magazine fed, in 8mm, 7mm, 6.5mm, and others. - [Cei-Rigotti](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/cei-rigotti/) - The Cei-Rigotti rifle was a very early Italian gas-operated selfloading semiauto rifle introduced in 1900. - [British .308 Sterling prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/british-308-sterling-prototype/) - We don't have much information on this piece, but it was clearly designed to use parts from the Sterling submachine gun. Caliber is .308, using FAL magazines. - [Breda Model 30](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/breda-model-30/) - The Breda Model 30 was Italy's standard light machine gun during World War II, and was one of the worst guns ever designed. - [Borchardt automatic pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/borchardt-automatic-pistol/) - The Borchardt was the first commercially viable self-loading pistol. It was designed in 1893 by Hugo Borchardt, and began a 20-year flood of automatic pistols. - [Bergmann Simplex](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-simplex/) - The Simplex was an inexpensive pocket pistol sold by Bergmann starting in 1901, which was inferior to the contemporary Browning 1900 design. - [Swiss Bern prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/swiss-bern-prototype/) - Prototype Swiss rifle in 7.5x38mm, based on the German FG42. - [Bergmann MP32](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/bergmann-mp32/) - The MP32 (also known as the Bergmann Machine Pistol 32 or BMP32) was designed by Emil Bergmann in Denmark. - [Danish Bang rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/danish-bang-rifle/) - The first effective semiauto rifle presented to US Army Ordnance was the Bang rifle, which would be the model for later designs by John Garand. - [Swiss AK44 Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/swiss-ak44-prototype/) - The AK44 was one of many prototype semiauto rifles built by Waffenfabrik Bern during the 1940s. - [Swiss AK-52](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/swiss-ak-52/) - Experimental SIG AK52 rifle with unusual blow-forward action - [Swiss SK-46](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/swiss-sk-46/) - In the aftermath of World War II, Switzerland began looking into semiautomatic rifles to replace their K31 rifles. One of the resulting designs was the SK46, - [Leader Dynamics T2/Australian Automatic Arms SAC](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/australian-automatic-arms-sac/) - Australian Automatic Arms SAC in civilian "sporting" furniture. - [Villar Perosa](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/villar-perosa/) - The Villar Perosa was a rather odd weapon developed by noted designer Revelli in Italy in 1914 and adopted into service in 1915. It was a basically a pair of open-bolt submachine guns (pre-dating shoulder-fired submachine gun designs, interestingly) mounted side by side with a set of spade grips. It had an extremely high rate - [RP46 LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/rp46-lmg/) - The RP46 was an adaptation of the DP/DPM light machine gun to use Goryunov belts instead of pan magazines. - [US T24 Machine gun (MG42)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/us-t24-machine-gun-mg42/) - The T24 was a US copy of the MG42, in .30-06 caliber. It was made by GM for us Army testing (see original report below). - [T12 Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/t12-light-machine-gun/) - We don't have very much information on the T12 - it was an experimental belt fed US light machine gun in the early 1930s. - [Vickers LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/vickers-rifle/) - An adaptation of the Vickers mechanism into a magazine-fed, air-cooled, bipod-mounted light machine gun - [Vesely V-42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/vesely-v-42/) - The Vesely V-42 and V-43 were infantry and paratrooper submachine guns designed in Britain during WWII. - [MAS-38](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/mas-38/) - The MAS-38 was a French direct blowback SMG firing the 7.62x20mm cartridge. It featured a distinctive barrel set at an angle to its receiver. - [Mexican Mendoza LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/mexican-mendoza-lmg/) - The Mendoza light machine gun was developed starting in 1928, and adopted by the Mexican military in 1934. - [US Winchester .30 semiauto](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/us-winchester-30-semiauto/) - The Winchester semiauto was a piston-operated design tested by the US Marine Corps in 1940. It would eventually help in the development of the M1 Carbine. - [Swiss LMG25](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/swiss-lmg25/) - The Swiss LMG25 is a recoil-operated, toggle locked, side magazine light machine gun used from 1924 until the 1970s. - [Kiraly Experimental 1935 LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/kiraly-experimental-1935-lmg/) - After producing the KE-7 LMG, Pal Kiraly continued working in Switzerland and developed this 1935 experimental gas-operated LMG. - [Johnston Model D1918](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/johnston-model-d1918-machine-gun/) - The Johnston Model D1918 resembled a Lewis gun, but was clearly different. - [Hyde Carbine (1944)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/hyde-carbine-1944/) - George Hyde's 1944 submachine gun in .30 carbine caliber used a quick-change barrel mechanism copied directly from the German MG42. - [GSh-18](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/gsh-18/) - The GSh-18 is a 1990s-era Russian rotating barrel automatic pistol made for military service using a special armor piercing 9mm cartridge. - [Italian FNA-B43](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/italian-fna-b43/) - The FNA-B43 was developed in Brescia, Italy during World War II. It is a sophisticated and effective design, but expensive to manufacture. - [Colt 1895 Potato Digger](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/colt-1895-potato-digger/) - The Colt Model 1895 was John Browning's first foray into machine gun design, and based largely on his previous work with lever action rifles. - [Charlton Automatic Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/charlton-automatic-rifle/) - The Charlton Automatic Rifle was a Lee Metford bolt action rifle converted into a light machine gun for emergency use in WW2 by Philip Charlton of New Zealand. - [Kubynov hopper-fed DP28](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/kubynov-hopper-fed-dp28/) - Interest in captured Japanese Type 11 machine guns led Russia to develop an experimental version of the DP using a similar hopper feed system. - [Dror](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/dror/) - The Israeli Dror ("Liberty") light machine gun was a variation of the M1944 Johnson light machine gun. Israeli was in desperate need of weapons in the late 1940s, and several of Melvin Johnson's engineers sympathized with the Jewish cause. They helped smuggle the complete technical package on the Johnson LMG to the Israeli Hagannah despite - [Furrer 1919 SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/furrer-1919-smg/) - The Swiss Furrer model 1919 used a regular Luger pistol bolt and slide rotated on its side to form the basis for a submachine gun. - [Hotchkiss Portative LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/hotchkiss-portative-lmg/) - The Hotchkiss Portative was a variant of the Hotchkiss medium machine gun designed for use in the LMG role. It used the same long-stroke gas system and interrupted-thread locking system as the earlier Hotchkiss, but had the feed system inverted to save space and the gun significantly lightened. Developed in 1907, it was one of - [SG43](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/sgm/) - The SGM was the modernized post-war variant of the Goryunov SG43 medium machine gun. - [Chatellerault FM Mle 1924-29](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/chatellerault-fm-mle-1924-29/) - The Chatellerault FM Mle 1924-29 was the replacement for the Chauchat light machine gun in the French military. - [FAL Prototype .280/30](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-development/fal-prototype-28030/) - This first FAL was chambered for the .280/30 cartridge, and was tested against the EM2 and T25 Garand descendant at Aberdeen in 1950. - [Brøndby Military Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/brondby-military-rifle/) - Norwegian designer Fridtjof Brøndby designed this open-bolt, locked-breech rifle for military testing in the 1930s. - [Brøndby Maskinpistol Model 1933](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/brondby-maskinpistol-model-1933/) - Fridtjof Brøndby was a Norwegian arms designer who created a number of self-loading rifle designs in the 1930s, including one which was submitted to the Norwegian Army for testing. - [Breda PG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/breda-pg/) - The Breda PG was an early Italian automatic rifle with a 4-round burst mechanism. - [Bergmann-Bayard M1910/21](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-bayard-191021/) - The Bergmann M1910 was adopted by the Danish Army as a standard sidearm, and used until 1946. The guns were made in Belgium and later in Demark. - [Charola-Anitua](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/charola-anitua/) - The Charola-Anitua is an early Spanish semiauto pistol dating from 1898. The mechanism of the Charola is similar in principle to the Mauser C96 - [Simonov AVS-36](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/simonov-avs-36/) - The Simonov AVS-36 was adopted into Soviet service in 1936, and two years later replaced by the Tokarev SVT-38. - [Hino-Komuro 1908](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/hino-komuro-1908/) - The Hino-Komuro pistol (sometimes spelled Komura) uses a virtually unique blow-forward mechanism, - [Japanese Pedersen](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/japanese-pedersen/) - A Japanese experimental copy of the Pedersen rifle. Note the Arisaka style front cap and sight, as well as the rotary magazine used in place of en-bloc clips. - [German Luger rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/german-luger-rifle/) - Georg Luger adapted his famously successful toggle lock form the Luger automatic pistol into an experimental self-loading rifle for the German military. - [German FG-42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/german-fg-42/) - The German FG-42 was intended to play the role of rifle, submachinegun, and light machinegun all in one compact package for paratroops. - [Fusil Mexico](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/fusil-mexico/) - Intended for military use, the Fusil Mexico was a manually operated rifle that used a type of slide action instead of a traditional bolt. - [French Fusil Halle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/french-fusil-halle/) - The Fusil (rifle) Halle was an early French semiauto rifle, intended for both military and civilian markets. - [Spanish Sistema MR 1932](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/spanish-modelo-32/) - The Modelo 32 was an early Spanish semiauto rifle design, in 7mm Mauser. - [French Experimental 1910 autoloader](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/french-experimental-1910-autoloader/) - This experimental French automatic rifle was probably a forerunner of the M1917 later adopted. It was made at the Puteaux Arsenal in 1910. - [M1916 37mm gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cannon/m1916-37mm-gun/) - The M1916 37mm gun was developed by the French and used primarily by French and American forces in WWI for destroying machine gun emplacements. It was fairly good at this under fluid, mobile conditions, but inferior to mortars for static trench warfare. It was still in limited service by World War II, but generally relegated - [Sjogren Rifle & Shotgun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/sjogren-rifle-shotgun/) - The Sjorgen rifle and shotgun designs definitely fit the description of Forgotten Weapons. Developed in Sweden, the Sjogren system used a fixed barrel and recoil-operated action in both a 12 gauge shotgun and .30 caliber military-style rifle. It was claimed to have very light recoil, as a result of the energy absorbed by the action - [Gabbett-Fairfax Mars ](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/gabbett-fairfax-mars/) - The Mars pistol was the most powerful automatic pistol for many decades after its development in 1898 - unfortunately it was too complex for commercial success - [Mannlicher Automatic Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/mannlicher-1910-automatic-pistol/) - Little information is available on the Mannlicher automatic pistols. They were contemporary to other early semiauto handguns from Bergmann, Mauser, and others. - [Farquhar-Hill](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/farquhar-hill/) - The Farquhar-Hill was an experimental British self-loading rifle around the turn of the 20th century. - [Italian Scotti Model X](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/italian-scotti-rifle/) - Experimental Italian Scotti semiauto rifle in 6.5x50 caliber. - [French A6 Meunier M1916](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/french-a6-meunier-m1916/) - The French A6 Meunier M1916 was an early semiauto rifle produced as a stopgap in mid WWI. It used a long-recoil action and rotating bolt. - [MkB 42(W)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/mkb-42w/) - The MKb42(W) was an early prototype design of what would become the StG44. - [Spreewerke VG-2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/spreewerke-vg-2/) - The Spreewerke VG-2 was a last-ditch German bolt action rifle design for the Volksgewehr using a stamped receiver. - [Polish wz.38M](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/polish-wz-38m/) - The wz.38M, designed by Józef Maroszek, was the winner of Poland's 1934 self-loading rifle trials. - [Walther VG1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/walther-vg1/) - The Walther Volksgewehr VG1 was a last-ditch German bolt action rifle designed for very cheap manufacture. - [Mauser Selbstlader](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/mauser-selbstlader/) - Paul Mauser developed this experimental long-recoil semiauto rifle around the turn of the century. - [Gerat 06H](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/gerat-06h/) - The Gerat 06H was the first fully roller locked rifle, and the ancestor of the HK91 series of rifles. - [Streetsweeper](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shotguns/streetsweeper/) - Originally designed in 1980 by a Rhodesian man named Hilton Walker, the Striker shotgun was refined and manufactured in South Africa before making its way over to the US. Its claim to fame was a 12-round capacity in a fixed drum magazine, which was significantly larger than magazine capacities available in other shotguns at the - [Ishapore .410 SMLE](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shotguns/ishapore-410-smle/) - Quick, think of the first thing that comes to mind when I say "riot shotgun"! Does it have a brass buttplate? A tangent rear sight? Is it a single-shot weapon? Does it use a shotshell smaller than 28ga? No? Well, I guess you have a different notion of riot gear than the Indian military. Huh. - [Burgess Folding Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shotguns/burgess-folding-gun/) - Andrew Burgess has been the subject of a couple recent posts, and I figure it's high time to actually take a close look at one of his firearms designs. Specifically, the folding shotgun. The first shotgun specifically designed to be a fighting weapon instead of a sporting arm, Burgess' shotgun was patented in January of - [Shotguns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shotguns/) - [Andrew Burgess](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/andrew-burgess/) - by Robert White With 894 patents, Andrew Burgess is one of the most prolific firearm inventors the world has ever known (second only to John Browning in number of firearms patents issued to an American), and a man of varied talents beyond firearms design. Burgess was born January 16, 1837 in Dresden, NY to John - [Beretta 1918/30](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/beretta-191830/) - The Beretta 1918/30 is a semi-auto variant of the military Beretta 1918 submachinegun. It is a good model for a homebuilder's semiauto conversion project. - [Sunngård](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/sunngard/) - Harald Sunngård was Norwegian inventor in the early years of the 20th century who noticed a common perceived weakness of automatic pistols: reloads under stress were often bungled by shooters, leaving them vulnerable to return fire without being able to shoot back. Doing the classic inventor thing, Sunngård figured out a solution to the problem - [Chinese "Jingal" Wall Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/chinese-jingal-wall-gun/) - "Jingal" was the name the British gave to both Indian and Chinese rampart guns used form the 1700s up until World War II. The guns were originally muzzle loaders, used in fixed defensive emplacements. - [James Paris Lee](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/james-paris-lee/) - James Paris Lee was a firearms designer whose inventions had a far greater historical significance than even most firearms enthusiasts realize. Where Lee is recognized at all, it is generally for the rifles that bear his name - the Remington-Lee, the 1895 Lee Navy, the Lee-Metford, and (of course) the Lee-Enfield. What most don't realize - [Chinese Type 64 suppressed SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/chinese-type-64-suppressed-smg/) - The Type 64 was the first in a series of suppressed Chinese submachineguns. Introduced in 1964, it used a simple blowback action chambered for 7.62x25mm. - [Howell Automatic Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/howell-automatic-rifle/) - The Howell Automatic Rifle was an early attempt to convert the bolt action Enfield into a repeating rifle. It was not produced in significant numbers. - [Type 26 Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/type-26-revolver/) - They Type 26 was an indigenous Japanese revolver introduced in 1893 (26th year of the Meiji era) to replace the Smith & Wesson No. 3 in Japanese military service. In many ways the Type 26 was akin to the other military revolvers of the day, like the Russian (and Belgian) Nagant, the French M1892, as - [Galil AR](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/galil-ar/) - Galil AR by Seth Cane The Galil AR was the standard-infantry model of the Galil produced by IMI. The AR was, in a nutshell, a down-sized ARM model. Early production took the wood handguard assembly (and later plastic) and Gas Block from the SAR while retaining the barrel, Gas Piston and Cylinder from the ARM. - [Boys](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-tank-riflescannon/boys/) - The Boys (not Boyes) AT Rifle was put into production in England in 1937, and was effective against light tanks at that time. - [Vahan](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/vahan/) - The Vahan is a lever-delayed blowback rifle in 5.45x39mm designed by Armenian inventor Vahan Minasyan. It has not gone into production. - [Winchester-Hotchkiss](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/winchester-hotchkiss/) - The Winchester-Hotchkiss was an early American bolt action rifle in .45-70, with a 5-round tube magazine in its buttstock. It was trialed by the Army and Navy. - [Johnson T40/T48/T53](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/johnson-t40t48t53/) - Since we just took a look at the final American iteration of the magazine-fed Johnson LMG (the system would live on briefly in Israeli service as the Dror), we should also take this time to consider the belt-fed variants of the Johnson as well. While the final round of testing was still being done on - [Johnson M1944E1](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/johnson-m1944e1/) - The M1944E1 (later renamed the M1945) was the final iteration of the Johnson LMG. It used a clever gas-assisted short recoil action. - [Frommer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/frommer/) - The Frommer series of automatic pistols were the work of Rudolph Frommer, an engineer born in Budapest in 1868. - [JoLoAr](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/joloar/) - The Spanish JoLoAr pistol was designed to be cocked with one hand, using the palanca (lever) mounted on its slide. They were made mostly in .380 and 9mm Largo. - [Andrews Machine Carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/andrews-machine-carbine/) - The Andrews Machine Carbine was a covert 9mm submachine gun or machine pistol designed in 1943 and made in prototype form by BSA. - [Colt 1900 "Sight Safety"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/colt-1900-sight-safety/) - The first model of the pistol that would eventually become the Colt M1911 was Browning's 1900 design, generally known as the Sight Safety 1900. - [Remington M53](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/remington-m53/) - The Remington Model 53 was a version of Pedersen's Model 51 scaled up to .45ACP. It was adopted by the US Navy but never put into production. - [Anonymous Blish/Ross](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/anonymous-blishross/) - This experimental one-off semiauto rifle was made witha Ross magazine, barrel, and furniture, but appears to use a Blish locking system to operate. - [Remington-Keene](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/remington-keene/) - The Remington-Keene was an early American bolt action design with a tube magazine. Made from 1877 to 1888, about 5000 were sold, mostly to civilians. - [Johnson M1941](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/johnson-m1941/) - Melvin Johnson attempted to have his M1941 rifle adopted as a substitute standard for the M1 Garand, and they did see use in the Pacific theater. - [Ward-Burton Model 1871](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ward-burton-model-1871/) - The 1871 Ward-Burton was an early single-shot bolt action rifle trialed by the US military against the Sharps, Rolling Block, and Trapdoor Springfield - [Bergmann-Mars 1903/1908](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-mars-19031908/) - The 1903 Bergmann-Mars was the first Bergmann pistol to win a military contract, being ordered by the Spanish government. - [Bergmann No3/1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-no-3-1896/) - The No.3 pistol chambered for 6.5mm Bergmann was the most popular of the model 1896 Bergmann designs, with about 4,000 manufactured. - [Bergmann No4/1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-no-4-1896/) - The Bergmann No.4 pistol was an attempt to increase the 1896 model to an 8mm cartridge for military use. It failed at this, and only a few hundred were made. - [Bergmann No5/1897](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-no-5-1897/) - The No.5 /1897 pistol was Bergmann's first locked-breech design. It used a 7.8mm bottleneck high pressure cartridge and was intended for military use. - [Bergmann No2/1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-no-2-1896/) - The 1896 model was the fired commercially successful Bergmann pistol, made in three calibers. The No.2 type was in 5mm Bergmann, a very weak round. - [Bergmann No1/1894](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-no1-1894/) - The Bergmann No1 or model 1894 was designed by Louis Schmeisser and made in very small numbers for Swiss military trials and commercial sales. - [Bergmann 1899](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-1899/) - After the No.5 1897 failed to win military interest, Bergmann and Schmeisser continued to tweak the design until a new locking system was invented in 1901. - [Winchester 1895 (Russian)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/winchester-1895-russian/) - Model 1895 was Winchester's first rifle designed specifically for smokeless powder and the Russian Army bought 300,000 of them chambered for 7.62x54R in 1915 - [Bergmann-Schmeisser 1893](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/bergmann-schmeisser-1893/) - The start of the Bergmann semiauto pistols was an 1892 patent by Otto Brauwetter, perfected by Louis Schmeisser and submitted to Swiss military trials in 1893. - [North & Skinner Revolving Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/north-skinner-revolving-rifle/) - The North & Skinner was an early revolving rifle design made from 1856 to 1859, using a locking wedge and recessed chambers to mitigate cylinder gap blast. - [Arthur W. Savage](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/arthur-w-savage/) - Arthur Savage was an adventurer, entrepreneur, and generally creative businessman who worked in a fascinating variety of enterprises, including Savage Arms Co. - [Gewehr 43](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/gewehr-43/) - The Gewehr 43 was the most common of Germany's WWII semiauto rifles, using the gas system of the SVT40 and the locking system of the G41(W). - [Gewehr 41(W)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/gewehr-41w/) - The G41 was Germany's first issue semiauto infantry rifle, and was designed using the Bang gas-trap system. - [Maxim-Silverman 1896](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/maxim-silverman-1896/) - The 1896 Maxim-Silverman pistol was a very simple and promising design which never went into production. - [HK VP-70Z](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/hk-vp-70z/) - The H&K VP-70Z is the civilian version of a machine pistol chambered in 9mm and produced in 1970. It was the first polymer-frame handgun mass produced. - [Nydar Reflex Sight](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/accessories/nydar-reflex-sight/) - The Nydar Model 47 reflex sight was an early small arms optic designed for shotguns in 1945. - [T25](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-development/t25/) - The T25 was a promising rifle designed as a replacement for the M1 Garand in the late 1940s. It was ultimately dropped for reasons more political than practical - [Christopher Spencer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/christopher-spencer/) - Christopher Spencer was a quintessential American inventor, who designed one of the first successful repeating rifles as well as several industrial machines. - [William John Whiting](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/william-john-whiting/) - William John Whiting was a gun designer who worked for the Webley & Scott firm for 40 years and designed all of their automatic pistols. - [Biographies](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/biographies/) - [- Stuff We Want to Buy!](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/stuff-we-want-to-buy/) - There are a handful of specific guns or parts that I am always keeping an eye out for, either for my own collection or a friend's. I can't guarantee that I'll be interested because of condition, price, etc, but if you have any of these items and are interested in selling them, please let me - [Siamese Type 46 Mauser](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/siamese-type-45-mauser/) - Siamese Mausers are somewhat uncommon rifles made in Tokyo under contract, and chambered for the 8x52R cartridge. They have a neat collection of features. - [Bär Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/bar-pistol/) - The Bär was a unique double-barreled revolver/derringer designed by Burkhard Behr and manufactured by Sauer and Sohn in the early 1900s. - [Union Automatic Revolver](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/union-automatic-revolver/) - The Union auto-revolver was made in Toledo, Ohio from 1909 until 1912 to compete in the inexpensive revolver market, and was a commercial failure. - [Library](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/forgotten-weapons-library/) - The internet is a great resource for doing research, but I also love the feel of a real book in the hand, flipping through pages and looking at nice glossy photographs. I think the ultimate gun room has a fireplace in the corner, a wall of prized rifles, and at least one wall of bookshelves. - [Type I Carcano](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/type-i-carcano/) - The Type I Carcano was a rifle purchased by the Japanese Navy, which used a Carcano action but was otherwise configured like a Type 38 Arisaka. - [Mendoza HM-3](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/mendoza-hm-3/) - A modernized version of the Mendoza HM-3 submachine gun is used by Mexican police forces, but the original version was a bit different. - [Wilson Match .45](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/wilson-match-45/) - George A Wilson was a competitive shooter and a designer for High Standard who decided to build his own outstanding .45 bullseye pistol in 1961. - [Huot](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/huot/) - The Huot was a conversion of a Ross straight-pull rifle into light machine gun configuration, which was nearly adopted by the Canadian military in WWI. - [H&K P9S](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/hk-p9s/) - The Heckler & Koch P9 is the only mass-produced roller-delayed blowback pistol, made using the same mechanism as the original H&K line of rifles. - [Ljungman FM-59](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/ljungman-fm-59/) - The Swedish FM59 Ljungman was a conversion of the AG42B to use box magazines, the 7.62mm NATO cartridge, and a short-stroke gas piston system. - [Clausius 1895](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/clausius-1895/) - German inventor Claus Clausius developed this long-recoil pistol in 1895, and then modified it with an early floating chamber system in 1900. - [Semmerling LM4](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/semmerling-lm4/) - The Semmerling LM4 is a manually-operated repeating pistol in .45ACP designed as a compact backup gun. Today, it is wholly obsolete. - [MP38(L)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/mp38l/) - The MP38(L) was an experimental variation on the basic MP38 design, which used solid aluminum receiver pieces to reduce weight. - [LAPA FA Modelo 03](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/lapa-fa-modelo-03/) - LAPA FA Modelo 03 was a 5.56mm combat rifle developed for military trials in Braxil in the early 1980s. It had a unique trigger mechanism with SA and DA modes - [Webley-Fosbery](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/webley-fosbery/) - The Webley-Fosbery automatic revolver was put on the market in 1901, and was somewhat popular with British Army officers through World War One. - [Owen SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/owen-smg/) - The Australian Owen SMG was arguably the ugliest and most effective subgun used in WWII. It overcame much resistance from the Army and was used into Vietnam. - [S4M and MSP Silent Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/s4m-and-msp-silent-pistols/) - The Soviet Union developed integrally silenced pistol ammunition for KGB use, in the S4M and MSP covert pistols. - [M1895 Nagant](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/m1895-nagant/) - The Imperial Russian military adopted a gas-seal revolver in 1895 designed by Emil and Leon Nagant. It served through WWII by the Red Army. - [T28](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-development/the-t28-rifle-american-roller-locking/) - The T28 was America's half-hearted attempt to copy the German roller-locking system from the Gerat 03 and Gerat 06 Mauser prototypes. - [Halcón series](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/halcon-series/) - The Halcón family of SMGs were developed and built in Argentina form the 1940s until the 1960s for military and police use. - [7/8 Scale Type 38 Arisaka](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/78-scale-type-38-arisaka/) - This roughly 7/8 scale Arisaka was designed to fire blanks, and was used for training as schools or orphanages. - [Roth-Steyr 1907](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/roth-steyr-1907/) - The Roth Steyr model 1907 was an Austrian stardard issue pistol in WWI, which uses a rotating barrel mechanism and fixed 10-round magazine. - [vz.52](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/vz-52/) - The Czech CZ52 is a roller-locked pistol that served as primary military sidearm for nearly 30 years in Czechoslovakia. - [Anti-Tank Rifles/Cannon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/anti-tank-riflescannon/) - [Schwarzlose 1908](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/schwarzlose-1908/) - The Schwarzlose 1908 is the most successful blow-forward automatic pistol made - which isn't saying much. We have video of shooting and disassembling one. - [Volkspistole (Mauser)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/mauser-volkspistole/) - The Volkspistole was a last-ditch German design for an extremely inexpensive handgun to arm the Volkssturm. - [wz.88 Tantal](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/wz-88-tantal/) - When the AK74 became available to the Warsaw Pact, Poland chose to bypass it and develop the wz.88 Tantal - their own small-caliber AK. - [Italian TZ-45](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/italian-tz-45/) - The TZ-45 was a small-production SMG used by the Italian Army during WWII. and after the war by Burma (now Myanmar). It uses a unique type of grip safety. - [Online Shop](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/shop/) - [Contact](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/contact/) - Let us know what we're doing right or wrong, or ask us about cool guns! - [Logout](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-account/logout/) - [My Account](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-account/) - [woocommerce_my_account] - [Checkout](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/checkout/) - [woocommerce_checkout] - [Cart](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cart/) - [woocommerce_cart] - [MP40/I (dual mag)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/mp40i-dual-mag/) - The MP40/I (often erroneously called the MP40/II) was a short-lived experiment to increase firepower by mounting two magazines on a single gun. - [Volkspistole (Walther)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/volkspistole-walther/) - The Walther Volkspistole was a last-ditch Nazi development project at the end of WWII for an inexpensive stamped steel pistol for the Volkssturm. - [T31](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-development/t31/) - The T31 was John Garand's entry in the post-WW2 light rifle program - an innovative but unsuccessful bullpup design. - [M14 Development](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m14-development/) - [Hythe Mk III Gun Camera](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/accessories/hythe-mk-iii-gun-camera/) - The Hythe Mk III was a Lewis gun lookalike that housed a camera for use in training aerial gunners. - [PB Silenced Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/pb-silenced-pistol/) - The PB was a silenced version of the Makarov service pistol, developed for Spetsnaz use in Russia. - [Madsen Lightweight Military Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/madsen-lightweight-military-rifle/) - The M47 Madsen "Lightweight Military Rifle" was the last military bolt action rifle designed, and it was only sold to Colombia, in 1958. - [wz.39 Mors](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/wz-39-mors/) - The wz.39 Mors was a submachinegun developed in the 1930s in Poland. It was a terribly complex design, and never saw field use or mass production. - [ShKAS aircraft MG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/shkas-aircraft-mg/) - ShKas was a machine gun developed in the 1930s with a very high rate of fire for use on aircraft. It has several innovative features and fired at about 1800rpm - [Mondragon Model 1894](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/mondragon-model-1894/) - Before developing his notable self-loading rifle, Manuel Mondragon designed the model 1894 straight-pull bolt action. We have photos of serial #1 of this rifle. - [Obregon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/obregon/) - The Obregon is a rare Mexican-made variant of the Browning 1911 which uses a rotating barrel system to lock. - [Clair](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/clair/) - The Clair was a very early gas-operated pistol designed in France. It was tested unsuccessfully, and no known examples remain today. - [MG 39 Rh](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/mg-39-rh/) - The MG39 Rh was a stamped and gas-operated machine gun developed by Louis Stange, which lost out to the predecessor of the MG42. - [Uru](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/uru/) - The Uru is a simple and effective 9mm submachine gun designed and manufactured in Brazil. - [Snabb Semiauto Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/snabb-semiauto-conversion/) - The Snabb conversion was a system to convert most any standard bolt action rifle into a self-loader, conceived by a Swedish engineer in 1938. - [Beretta M1938 Family](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/beretta-m1938-family/) - The Beretta M38 submachine gun was one of the most reliable SMGs of World War 2 used by the German and Italian Armies. - [Manville Gas Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/manville-gas-gun/) - The Manville gas gun is frequently seen in movies as a grenade launcher, but actually only fired tear gas rounds for police use. - [Viet Cong 1911 Copy](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/viet-cong-1911-copy/) - This crude copy of a 1911 pistol was made by hand in a jungle shop during the Vietnam War. - [Hotchkiss Aerial Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/hotchkiss-aerial-gun/) - Several versions of the Hotchkiss machine gun were used in aircraft during WWI, but this one is unusual for feeding from a disintegrating-link belt. - [Spanish Eibar/Ruby Pistols](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/eibar-ruby/) - The Eibar or Ruby was a copy of the Colt 1903 action made in vast quantities for the French Army during WWI by dozens of small Spanish shops. - [Japanese Model II Type A](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/japanese-model-ii-type-a/) - The Model II was an interim experimental Japanese submachine gun. We have a British report on an example captured in India after the war. - [Charlton (Australian Electrolux variant)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/charlton-australian-electrolux-variant/) - The Australian company Electrolux manufactured a few prototype Charlton rifles on No1 MkIII SMLEs before the project was cancelled. - [ZfG38 Training Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/zfg38-training-machine-gun/) - The Zielfeuergerät 38 was a German blank-firing machine gun designed for military training exercises and made by Haenel in 1938 - article by Michael Heidler. - [Colt CMG-2](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/colt-cmg-2/) - The Colt CMG-2 light machine gun was a competitor to the Stoner 63 system for a short time in the 1960s before begin cancelled. - [Firearms Manual Archive Volume I: Machine Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/vol1contents/) - Volume I of the Firearms Manual Archive DVD includes 212 machine gun manuals in English, and other languages. Guns from the AA52 to the ZB-30 and more! - [Fiat-Revelli M1935](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/fiat-revelli-m1935/) - In 1935 the Italian adopted an air-cooled, belt-fed version of the Fiat-Revelli machine gun chambered for 8x59. - [Perino](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/perino/) - The Perino machine gun was developed in Italy as a replacement for the Maxim, but ultimately lost out the the inferior Fiat-Revelli 1914. - [Jatimatic](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/jatimatic/) - The Jatimatic was a Finnish submachine gun intended for bodyguards and private security forces. - [INA 953 (Madsen)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/ina-953-madsen/) - Ronaldo Olive wrote this article on the Brazilian domestic version of the Madsen M50 submachine gun, the INA 953 in .45 ACP caliber. - [Fiat-Revelli M1914](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/fiat-revelli-m1914/) - The M1914 Fiat-Revelli was the standard Italian ground and aircraft machine gun during World War One. - [Japanese Hamada](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/japanese-hamada/) - The Hamada was an automatic pistol adopted in both .32ACP and 8mm Nambu by the Japanese Army during WWII as a substitute for the Type 14 and Type 94 Nambu. - [My Gun Database Software](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/my-gun-database-software/) - MyGunDB is the ideal software tool for maintaining an gun collection inventory, including photos, serial numbers, details, ammo and accessories. - [Brazilian PASAM](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/brazilian-pasam/) - The PASAM was a local Brazilian name for the C96 Mauser Schnellfeuer. Many were modified for police use, as described in this article by Ronaldo Olive. - [Polish Błyskawica SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/polish-blyskawica-smg/) - The Blyskawica was produced in greater numbers than any other Polish Underground submachine gun, and saw extensive use in the Warsaw Uprising. - [Swiss MP41/44](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/swiss-mp4144/) - The Swiss MP41/44 submachine gun was basically an LMG25 action scaled down to use 9x19 Luger ammunition. - [Early Semiauto Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-semiauto-rifles/) - As soon as the self-contained cartridge was successfully developed, the door was opened to the possibility of a practical semi-automatic firearm. There were early successes with large mounted machine guns and with handguns, but the shoulder rifle was more difficult. Inventing a design that was durable enough to fire a full-power rifle round and yet - [Gewehr 41(M)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/gewehr-41m/) - The G41(M) was Mauser's design for the first German self-loading combat rifle. It was exceedingly complex, and lost out the Walther's G41(W). - [French AA-52](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/aa-52/) - The AA52 is a French light machine gun using a lever-delayed blowback mechanism. It was adopted in 1952, and later replaced by the FN Minimi and FN MAG. - [Benelli CB-M2 Caseless SMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/benelli-cbm2/) - The Benelli CB-M2 submachine gun was designed to use 9mm AUPO semi-caseless ammution. It was a commercial flop, and was shelved in 1985. - [Swedish Kulspruta m/36](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/swedish-kulspruta-m36/) - The Swedish Kulspruta m/36 water cooled heavy machine gun was basically a Browning 1917, but chambered for the very potent 8x63mm cartridge. - [Franchi LF-57](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/franchi-lf-57/) - The Franchi LF57 is a simple and effective submachine gun design, made largely with steel stampings and chambered for 9x19mm ammunition. - [Remington-Lee 1899 Magazine Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/remington-lee-1899/) - The 1899 Remington-Lee was an upgraded version of the M1885 Lee military rifle in .30-40 Krag, ultimately only produced for the civilian market. - [FN Model D (BAR)](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/fn-model-d-bar/) - FN Model D was the most fully developed variant of the venerable Browning Automatic Rifle, and had a number of significant improvements over the standard BAR - [OSS "Bigot" Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/oss-bigot-pistol/) - The "Bigot" was a dart-firing modification of an M1911 .45 caliber pistol developed by the Office of Strategic Services during WW2. - [Erma / MGD PM9](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/erma-mgd-pm9/) - The PM9 was an interesting an unique submachine gun designed by Louis Debuit using a rotary delayed blowback action. - [Eriksen Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/eriksen-machine-gun/) - A sample of the Eriksen machine gun was sent to the CISA (Chief Inspector of Small Arms) in 1927 for evaluation, and got no farther. - [T52E3 - An M60 Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/t52e3-an-m60-prototype/) - we have an original manual on the T52E3 prototype of the M60 machine gun. It was written in February 1952, and does an excellent job detailing all the components - [APS Underwater Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/aps-underwater-rifle/) - The APS underwater assault rifle was developed in the early 1970s as a way to provide greater firepower to Russian frogmen - [Vitali 1910 pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/vitali-1910-pistol/) - The Italian Vitali 1910 automatic pistol was a prototype design similar to the Broomhandle Mauser, and chambered for 9mm Glisenti. - [Navy 7.62mm Garand Conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/m1-garand-development/navy-7-62mm-garand-conversion/) - Back in the 1960s, the US Navy decided to rechamber a bunch of its M1 Garand rifles to 7.62 NATO. - [SIG MP46/MP48/MP310](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/sig-mp46mp48mp310/) - Starting in the 1920s, SIG Neuhausen tried to develop a popular submachine gun, with little success. The MP46 and MP48 are examples of their attempts. - [Mauser HSc](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/mauser-hsc/) - The HSc was Mauser's attempt to compete with the highly successful Walther PP design. - [Browning 1897 Rotating-Barrel Pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/browning-1897-rotating-barrel-pistol/) - In 1897, John Browning patented a rotating-barrel automatic pistol which never entered production. - [Unidentified prototypes](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/unidentified-prototypes/) - Sometimes all we have to work with are photographs of prototypes or experimental guns without any explanatory information. - [Submachine Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/) - The submachine guns currently in the Vault are: Beretta M1918/30 Hotchkiss Universal SMG MCEM3 SMG - [Light Machine guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/) - Light machine gun designs differ from shoulder rifles in that they must be more capable of sustained fire, and are less restricted by weight. - [Medium Machine Guns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/medium-machine-guns/) - [Other Handguns](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/) - [German WW2 rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/german-ww2-rifles/) - While many countries had interesting experimental weapons programs during World War II, none has attracted as much attention as Germany's. - [Cannon](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cannon/) - [Accessories](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/accessories/) - [Sig P210](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/other-handguns/sig-p210/) - Development of the P210 began in 1937, when Sig purchased the rights to French designer Charles Petter's Modele 1935A pistol (anyone who has handled both will notice the similarity). - [Luger selfloading pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/early-automatic-pistols/luger-selfloading-pistol/) - The Luger selfloading pistol is one of the most iconic handguns ever designed, and has been very successful despite a rather archaic operating mechanism. Georg Luger worked as an employee at Ludwig Loewe & Co, where Hugo Borchardt's C93 pistol was manufactured. He took the toggle locking design somewhat clumsily used in the Borchardt and - [Hughes Heligun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cannon/hughes-heligun/) - The Heligun was developed by Hughes Aircraft as part of a complete package for the OV-6 recon helicopter. It offered a number of significant advantages over the Minigun - it was half the weight, self-powered (not electrically driven), and had a mind-boggling 6000RPM firing rate. Ultimately, it was note adopted because the reliability (mean time - [Smith & Wesson Light Rifle, Model 1940](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/smith-wesson-light-rifle-model-1940/) - Development of the Smith & Wesson Light Rifle began in 1939, probably intended for the police and security market. - [ Bofors 40mm L/60](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/cannon/bofors-40mm-l60/) - The Bofors 40mm gun was first developed in the early 1930s, in response to a 1928 request by the Swedish Navy for a ship-mounted anti-aircraft weapon. The firm developed automatic guns in caliber ranging from 20mm to 57mm, but the 40mm because a tremendous commercial success. They were used by many nations on both sides - [Beretta AR-70](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/beretta-ar-70/) - The Beretta AR-70 began development in 1968, and was being sold by 1972. - [Spanish Ameli LMG](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/spanish-ameli-lmg/) - One of the less well known firearms in the roller-locked family of designs is the Spanish Ameli (a contraction of "Ametralladora ligera"), or "Special Purpose Assault Machinegun". - [Maxim Silencer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/accessories/maxim-silencer/) - The Maxim Silencer was the first commercially successful firearm sound suppressor, developed by Hiram Percy Maxim (son of Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim, who invented the Maxim machine gun). - [MAS 49 Rifle](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/rifles/mas-49-rifle/) - The MAS 49 rifle was the result of several early French autoloading rifle designs of the 1930s. It was a direct gas impingement design like the Swedish Ljungman and M16, it used a tilting bolt for locking much like the BAR or FAL. The rifle was chambered for the 7.5x54 French cartridge, which was a - [Beardmore-Farquhar machine gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/beardmore-farquhar-machine-gun/) - The Beardmore-Farquhar machine gun was an innovative design unfortunately produced just after WWI. - [MG13 Light Machine Gun](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-machine-guns/mg13-light-machine-gun/) - The MG13 was briefly adopted as the standard German light machine gun, before being replaced by the MG34. - [Original Manuals](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lorem-ipsum/original-manuals/) - Whenever we can find an interesting original firearm manual, we'll scan it and post it here. If you have a manual you think ought to be included here, please contact us! - [Hi-Res Image Files](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/hi-res-image-files/) - [High Standard carbine](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/light-rifle-program/hi-standard-carbine/) - Prototype carbine submitted by High Standard, but never tested or fired. - [About](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/about/) - The Forgotten Weapons team is a small group of self-described gun nuts, passionate about firearm design, manufacture, and history. - [The Vault](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/lorem-ipsum/) - Welcome to the Vault! Here at Forgotten Weapons, we love finding information on - you guessed it - forgotten weapons. We've put that information together into a single easy to use resource for our fellow gun enthusiasts. Here in the Vault you will find manuals, detailed close-up photos, and official testing reports on rare, prototype, ## Categories - [Uncategorized](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/uncategorized/) - [Manuals](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/manuals/) - [Semiauto Rifles](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/rifles/semiauto-rifles/) - [Patent drawings](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/patent-drawings/) - [Prototype](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/prototype/) - [Semiauto pistol](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/handgun/semiauto-pistol/) - [Bergmann](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/bergmann/) - [German](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/german/) - [Belt-fed](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/belt-fed/) - [Roller locked](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/roller-locked/) - [General Purpose MGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/machine-guns/gpmg/) - [Light MGs](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/machine-guns/lmg/) - 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[Night Vision](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/category/night-vision/) ## Tags - [conversion](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/conversion/) - [rd46](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/rd46/) - [Silenced](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/silenced/) - [Colt](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/colt/) - [Knoble](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/knoble/) - [Webley-Fosbery](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/webley-fosbery/) - [Trials](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/trials/) - [Howitzer](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/howitzer/) - [8"](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/8/) - [MG34](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/mg34/) - [MG42](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/mg42/) - [captured](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/captured/) - [Japanese](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/japanese-3/) - [Garand](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/garand-2/) - [Type 4](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/type-4/) - [Type 5](https://www.forgottenweapons.com/tag/type-5/) - 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