edzardernst.com

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# Edzard Ernst

MD, PhD, MAE, FMedSci, FRCP, FRCPEd.

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## Posts

- [60% of older Americans are said to use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/60-of-older-americans-are-said-to-use-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Although the use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is said to be rising among older adults, many do not discuss these healthcare practices with their primary care practitioners (PCPs). This recent US survey sought to determine the prevalence of SCAM use and to identify factors associated with SCAM disclosure among patients ages 65 and older. Participants
- [Locked-in syndrome after chiropractic and partial recovery after rehabilitation](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/locked-in-syndrome-after-chiropractic-and-partial-recovery-after-rehabilitation/) - The 'American Heart Association News' recently reported the case of a 33-year-old woman who suffered a stroke after consulting a chiropractor. I take the liberty of reproducing sections of this article: Kate Adamson liked exercising so much, her goal was to become a fitness trainer. She grew up in New Zealand playing golf and later,
- [This might easily be the worst paper on homeopathy that you will ever read](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/this-might-easily-be-the-worst-paper-on-homeopathy-that-you-will-ever-read/) - At first glance, the article entitled 'Homeopathy: A State of the Science Review With Recommendations for Practical Therapies in Midwifery Practice' looks interesting and fairly solid; it was published in a mainstream, peer-reviewed midwifery journal; it is lengthy and thus seems thorough; it cites 125 references; and its two American authors have respectable affiliations (Art of
- [Novak Djokovic made tennis history - doped by the 'TAOPATCH' device he had glued to his chest??](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/novak-djokovic-made-tennis-history-doped-by-the-taopatch-device-he-had-glued-to-his-chest/) - Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic has made tennis history by winning a record 23rd Grand Slam tournament at the French Open in Paris. The controversial star is well-known for promoting wellness fads and pseudoscience and was spotted wearing a 'nanotechnology patch' throughout the tournament in Paris. Djokovic claimed that it was the "biggest secret of his
- [A German Heilpraktiker was sent to jail for fraud](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/a-german-heilpraktiker-was-sent-to-jail-for-fraud/) - A regional court in the Bavarian city of Ingolstadt has sentenced a natural healing practitioner, i.e. Heilpraktiker, and her supplier to jail for fraud. The pair were found to have deceived patients suffering from terminal cancer to put their faith in a remedy that they touted as a miracle cure. The practitioner was jailed for three years for
- [The scandal of unpublished research](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/the-scandal-of-unpublished-research/) - This analysis was aimed at quantifying how many studies registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) up to November 2017 are performed but not shared after at least 4 years. Examining a sample of 315 registrations, of which 169 were research studies, the researchers found that 104 (62%) were published. They estimated that 5550 out
- [Pascal's wager applied to so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/pascals-wager-applied-to-so-called-alternaative-medicine/) - Enthusiasts of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) sometimes remind me of the French philosopher, Blaire Pascal, and his famous wager. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) argued that, because it is impossible to either prove or disprove the existence of God, it would probably be best to wager in favor of his existence. In case one got it wrong,
- [Classical homeopathy worsens the prognosis of patients infected with COVID-19.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/classical-homeopathy-worsens-the-prognosis-of-patients-infected-with-covid-19/) - The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to global health. Classical homeopathy may, according to homeopaths, have a role to play in alleviating this burden. The objective of this study was to curate data on the treatment effect of classical homeopathy for COVID-19 in a real-world scenario to guide future scientific investigations. Classical homeopaths
- [Osteopathic visceral manipulation for constipation and chronic nonspecific low back pain](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/osteopathic-visceral-manipulation-for-constipation-and-chronic-nonspecific-low-back-pain/) - This trial investigated the effect of osteopathic visceral manipulation (OVM) on disability and pain intensity in individuals with functional constipation and chronic nonspecific low back pain. It was designed as a randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. Seventy-six volunteers with functional constipation and chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomized to two groups: OVM
- [The attitude of healthcare professionals toward SCAM for cancer](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/the-attitude-of-healthcare-professionals-toward-scam-for-cancer/) - This survey evaluated the attitude of healthcare professionals toward the use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) to improve current care. A questionnaire on the current practice and opinions about SCAM use was sent to healthcare professionals in Amsterdam UMC, who work for the department of hematology or oncology. Oncologists, hematologists, residents, (specialized) nurses, dieticians, (hospital)pharmacists,
- [Farcical Chiropractic Council:  Chiropractic Patient Satisfaction and Experience](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/farcical-chiropractic-council-chiropractic-patient-satisfaction-and-experience/) - The General Chiropractic Council (GCC) "regulates chiropractors in the UK to ensure the safety of patients undergoing chiropractic treatment". One might have assumed that they thus fulfill the important role of controlling the profession. Yet, one would have assumed wrongly. Instead of controlling, the GCC usually prefers promoting the profession. Their recent Chiropractic Patient Satisfaction
- [Homeopathy is a joke.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/06/homeopathy-is-a-joke/) - I have to admit that I do not regularly read the DMZ, a German paper. In fact, until a minute ago, I did not know it existed. Nor do I know Anton Aeberhard. I saw his DMZ homeopathy article on the Internet and find it excellent; so much so that I translated parts of it
- [Is Elon Musk - with the help of Donald Trump - going to kill millions?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/07/is-elon-musk-with-the-help-of-donald-trump-going-to-kill-millions/) - The claim that Elon Musk might be "killing millions" sounds like hyperbolic rhetoric, but it is an entirely predictable mathematical projection of his policy choices. Peer-reviewed global health modeling showed that the systematic dismantling of USAID—spearheaded by Musk's Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)—will result in over 14 million preventable deaths by 2030, millions of whom
- [Trump tries to curtail the freedom of science - here is what you can do about it](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/trump-tries-to-curtail-the-freedom-of-science-here-is-what-you-can-do-about-it/) - The Trump administration is trying to introduce new rules that would put political appointees, rather than career scientists and civil servants, in the decisive role on federal research grants. The proposal would make senior appointees review grants for compliance with law and the Trump’s priorities, and it would make it easier to terminate grants already
- [Plausibility and SCAM - what's all the fuss about?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/07/plausibility-and-scam-whats-all-the-fuss-about/) - Critics of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) often point out that much of it lacks plausibility. Proponents of SCAM tend to think that this is an irrelevance. So, what is plausibility, and why does it matter? Think of scientific plausibility as a reality check. Before scientists spend time and money testing a new idea, they ask
- [Evidence-based medicine and SCAM diverge particularly sharply in their ethical and moral foundations.](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/evidence-based-medicine-and-scam-diverge-particularly-sharply-in-their-ethical-and-moral-foundations/) - "Science and pseudoscience diverge particularly sharply in their ethical and moral foundations. While science is built upon principles of honesty, openness, and responsibility, pseudoscience undermines these values often by placing ideology and belief over evidence and truth. Science is not least an ethical enterprise, and the divide between science and pseudoscience is a matter of
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. must be removed from office asap. ](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/robert-f-kennedy-jr-must-be-removed-from-office-asap/) - Internal HHS and CDC communications leaked by the US Senate HELP Committee expose a truly scary crisis of institutional integrity. Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. systematically dismantled evidence-based public health infrastructure to implement his personal, ideological and dangerous agenda. This was not merely a shift in administrative policy; it was an aggressive, top-down politicisation of
- [Improvement in advanced Alzheimer’s disease following psilocybin-containing mushroom administration](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/improvement-in-advanced-alzheimers-disease-following-psilocybin-containing-mushroom-administration/) - An interesting case-report caught my eye. Here is its abstract: Background: Advanced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is generally regarded as a stage of irreversible functional decline. Psilocybin is known to transiently alter large-scale brain network dynamics and to induce plasticity-related mechanisms in preclinical models, yet clinical data in advanced dementia remain lacking. Case presentation: We report
- [Heinrich Himmler's weakness for pseudoscience and natural medicine: The ‘LEOPARD LILY PROJECT’](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/heinrich-himmlers-weakness-for-pseudoscience-and-natural-medicine-the-leopard-lily-project/) - The Nazi’s sterilisation programme aimed at preventing Germans from reproducing who were deemed to be of inferior genetic make-up. It is well-known, and dozens of books have been published about it. In contrast, the ‘LEOPARD LILY PROJECT’ has been almost forgotten. Even though it also was about sterilising large groups of people, it had a
- [Neither medicine nor Germany need an 'alternative'!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/neither-medicine-nor-germany-need-an-alternative/) - A legal report has been published on 25 June 2026 examining whether the German political party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) is unconstitutional under German Basic Law. The study represents the most extensive and methodologically rigorous analysis of the party to date. Conducted over a period of 13 months, the project involved a team of eight
- [Is Trump suffering from Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)? - Please judge for yourself!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/is-trump-suffering-from-narcissistic-personality-disorder-npd-please-judge-for-yourself/) - Having narcissistic tendencies, e.g. bragging or making yourself the center of attention, are normal, if they occur only occasionally. However, Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is different. With NPD, symptoms are more severe, occur regularly and in different situations and environments, and make relationships with others challenging. The 9 most common symptoms of NPD are the
- [The effects of Reiki on breast cancer patients](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/the-effects-of-reiki-on-breast-cancer-patients/) - Breast cancer and its treatments affect patients' physical, psychological, and emotional well-being. Practices such as Reiki are used to support symptom management, particularly during chemotherapy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of Reiki practice on improving symptoms in breast cancer patients within the framework of Martha E. Rogers’ “Science of Unitary Human Beings.”
- [Prominent Germans signed an 'open letter' in support of homeopathy and anthroposophic medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/prominent-germans-signed-an-open-letter-in-support-of-homeopathy-and-anthroposophic-medicine/) - A contentious debate has just erupted in Germany over the government's plan to remove homeopathy and anthroposophic medicine from coverage under statutory health insurance (GKV). Former prominent politicians, including Green Party leader Winfried Kretschmann (former Minister President of Baden-Württemberg) and SPD leader Malu Dreyer (former Minister President of Rhineland-Palatinate), signed an "open letter" opposing the
- [Actinic Purpura: the unsightly botches that Donald Trump often displays on the back of his hands](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/actinic-purpura-the-unsightly-botches-that-donald-trump-often-displays-on-the-back-of-his-hands/) - Many commentators have wondered what the bothches on Trump's hands might be and whether they signify some sinister cause. The White House medical updates and Trump himself have attributed the bruising to a combination of factors: Frequent Handshaking: Both Trump and his physician have claimed that shaking hands with thousands of people causes minor soft-tissue
- [Authoritarian attitudes and the perceived scientific legitimacy of anthroposophic medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/authoritarian-attitudes-and-the-perceived-scientific-legitimacy-of-anthroposophic-medicine/) - These days, it is not often that I function as a co-author of a scientific paper. One rare exception has just been published: This survey investigated prevalence, usage, and perceived scientific legitimacy of anthroposophic medicine (AM), a prominent form of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). It further explored associations with socioeconomic and psychological factors, with particular
- [Pete Hegseth’s Flu Shot Reversal: a gross failure of leadership that has already cost one life](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/pete-hegseths-flu-shot-reversal-a-gross-failure-of-leadership-that-has-already-cost-one-life/) - The US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's decision to make the annual flu vaccine optional for US military service members in April 2026 was not an exercise in "medical autonomy," as he called it at the time. It was a recklessly ideological act that has now already cost a life. By lifting a long-standing, evidence-based mandate
- [Did (does) my research have any impact at all?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/did-does-my-research-have-any-impact-at-all/) - This is the question that I ask myself regularly when I cannot sleep at night. 33 years of research into so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), and what has it achieved? It often seems that nothing has changes at all, and then I am plagued my self-doubts. One might argue that this is a good or even
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) thrives on chemophobia](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-thrives-on-chemophobia/) - In the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), "chemical" has long been a dirty word. This phenomenon, known as chemophobia - an irrational fear of synthetic substances - drives a multi-billion-dollar industry obsessed with the "all-natural." While it stems from an understandable desire for safety (and for making money out of the fear of the
- [Do you wonder why Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has taken to bullying science journals?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/do-you-wonder-why-robert-f-kennedy-jr-has-taken-to-bullying-science-journals/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the U.S. Health and Human Services secretary, is demanding that the journal Toxicology Reports explain in detail why it removed a 2021 paper he has cited in support of his anti-vaccine stance. The study had concluded that "While the findings in this paper are not proof of an association between infant vaccines and
- [Why are there so few Black or Asian skeptics?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/why-are-there-so-few-black-or-asian-skeptics/) - When I look at the pictures from major meetings of national or international meetings of SKEPTICS, or attend such gargerings in person, I often ask myself: Why are there so few Black or Asian skeptics?* Trying to research the answer, one finds several possible explanations: Science, racism, trust For many Black communities, the history of
- [The lucrative lie: SCAM and disease prevention](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/the-lucrative-lie-scam-and-disease-prevention/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) likes to present itself as a champion of disease prevention. Its advocates routinely claim to promote health before disease develops, to strengthen the body’s defences, and to address root causes rather than symptoms. This rhetoric is highly attractive, because prevention sounds proactive, humane, and economical. Crucially, it is also good for
- [Acupuncture for illicit drug use disorders? No, I don't think so!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/acupuncture-for-illicit-drug-use-disorders-no-i-dont-think-so/) - Needle-based acupuncture is used in some detoxification settings. However, its efficacy for illicit drug use disorders remains uncertain because prior reviews often mixed comparator types, co-interventions, or non-needle modalities. This review aimed to evaluate needle-based acupuncture monotherapy using comparator-stratified meta-analysis. The authors searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM/SinoMed, trial registries, and
- [While Trump Screws Us All, the Screwworm Thrives](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/while-trump-screws-us-all-the-screwworm-thrives/) - The health-related news comimg out of the US get more worrying by the day. In June 2026, a New World screwworm was detected in Texas cattle for the first time since 1966, a catastrophic failure traceable to the Trump administration's systematic dismantling of animal disease prevention programs. The flesh-eating parasite, whose larvae consume living tissue
- [Which diet is best for heart health?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/which-diet-is-best-for-heart-health/) - For several decades, eggs were commonly portrayed as a major cause of raised cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. That position has been substantially revised: current evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol has a relatively modest effect on blood cholesterol in most people, whereas saturated and trans fats are more important determinants of LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular risk.
- [Measles in the US - RFK Jr., his stupid rhetoric and irresponsible actions erode immunity](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/measles-in-the-us-rfk-jr-his-stupid-rhetoric-and-irresponsible-actions-erode-immunity/) - The US resurgence of measles in 2026 serves as a stark, data-driven refutation of the anti-vaccine rhetoric championed by quacks like Robert F. Kennedy Jr. For years, vaccine antagonists have framed immunisations as a matter of personal autonomy, minimizing the societal dangers of declining rates. Yet, public health is not governed by ideology, but by
- [Research integrity and transparency in SCAM journals](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/research-integrity-and-transparency-in-scam-journals/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) remains widely used worldwide, yet longstanding concerns persist regarding the balance and reliability of the evidence presented in SCAM journals. This investigation examined long-term trends in publication practices within leading SCAM journals, with particular attention to changes in publication types and the prevalence of positive versus negative study outcomes as indirect
- [Systemic problems affecting the US natural health industry?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/systemic-problems-affecting-the-us-natural-health-industry/) - On May 27, 2026, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced they are investigating a 3rd multistate outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to moringa powder supplements in 2026. Moringa oleifera supplements (including green powders and capsules) are heavily marketed as a "superfood" and a natural multivitamin powerhouse. They
- [Retirement?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/retirement/) - When - about 14 years ago - it was my turn, I looked forward to retirement: endless sleep-ins, zero airport security lines for lectures at distant places, no more struggling to keep awake at boring meeting, and a calendar so beautifully blank it belongs in a modern art museum. I looked forward to the complete
- [Dr. Toby Rogers ... and “one of the greatest crimes in human history”](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/dr-toby-rogers-and-one-of-the-greatest-crimes-in-human-history/) - Dr. Toby Rogers, a political economist and fellow at the libertarian Brownstone Institute, ignited a firestorm in March 2026 when he declared the current childhood vaccination program “one of the greatest crimes in human history” ("libertarian" refers to someone who advocates for extreme individual liberty—particularly freedom from government mandates and regulations—believing that the state should
- [Alternatives to Smoking: What Users Ought to Know About Vaping and Nicotine Pouches](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/alternatives-to-smoking-what-users-ought-to-know-about-vaping-and-nicotine-pouches/) - Smoking kills! Since most people now know about this fact, they have been looking for alternatives that are safe. Here I will discuss two of them: vaping and nicotine pouches. VAPING Vaping devices are electronic nicotine delivery systems that heat liquid into an inhalable aerosol. They have surged in popularity. Despite marketing claims to the
- [Ebola is back - and so are the quacks offering help](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/ebola-is-back-and-so-are-the-quacks-offering-help/) - During outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), public health organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) combat "infodemics", i.e. surges of false information and unproven so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) polluting social media (Bedrosian et al., 2016; Fung et al., 2016; Obol & Nzedibe, 2024). Because these
- [Antidotes in Homeopathy: Classical Doctrine, Clinical Relevance and Scientific Reinterpretation](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/antidotes-in-homeopathy-classical-doctrine-clinical-relevance-and-scientific-reinterpretation/) - I found an interesting article in the hilarity-prone journal 'HOMEOPATHY'. I hope it might amuse you: The concept of antidotes in homeopathy holds a central place in classical doctrine and daily clinical practice, yet remains l argely unexplored in scientific literature. Antidotes are traditionally defined as substances, remedies, environmental factors or physiological and emotional influences
- [ The stupidity of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. runs deeper than I feared](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/the-stupidity-of-robert-f-kennedy-jr-runs-deeper-than-i-feared/) - For some time, I had suspected that the stupidity of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. runs deep. Just how deep, is a surprise even to me. Let me give you just two examples from a choice of plenty: EXAMPLE No 1 In January 2026, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. released far-reaching new Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025–2030.
- [QUACKADEMIA IN FRANCE](https://edzardernst.com/2026/06/quackademia-in-france/) - Quackademia, a term created [as far as I remember] by David Colquhoun for the infiltration of quackery into academia, has often been discussed on this blog, e.g.: Quackademia in Canada: the first bachelor’s degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine Quackademia galore: An Oxford ‘university’ starts a course in ‘veterinary chiropractic’ Quackademia at its most rampant: the
- [DOCTOR STRUCK OFF FOR FAKE MASK AND VACCINE CERTIFICATES.](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/doctor-struck-off-for-fake-mask-and-vaccine-certificates/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod It seems like it was a century ago, but it’s been only six years since the COVID19 pandemic hit the world. Governments reacted in similar ways implementing severe public health measures such as lockdowns and mandatory wearing of facemasks. When those public health measures hit, they hit hard. The city
- [Calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation to prevent fractures and falls? No!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/calcium-vitamin-d-or-combined-supplementation-to-prevent-fractures-and-falls-no/) - The effect of calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation on fractures and falls in adults were assessed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Randomised clinical trials were eligible, if they compared calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation with placebo or no treatment in adults (≥18 years) not receiving drug treatment for osteoporosis. The primary outcome
- [Clinical trials from China cannot be trusted - an update](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/clinical-trials-from-china-cannot-be-trusted-an-update/) - Ten years ago, I wrote a blog post entitled "Data fabrication in China is an ‘open secret’". Even though this seems chauvinistic and/or xenophobic, I often quote it (the last time yesterday) because it is, I think, hugely important for interpreting the plethora of studies that currently come out of China. But perhaps it is
- [Electroacupuncture for Postherpetic Neuralgia? I have my doubts!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/electroacupuncture-for-postherpetic-neuralgia-i-have-my-doubts/) - Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory neuropathic pain condition with limited therapeutic options. Although electroacupuncture has demonstrated potential analgesic effects, high-quality evidence from rigorous randomized clinical trials remains limited. This multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial determined whether electroacupuncture reduces pain severity compared with sham electroacupuncture and evaluated its safety in patients with PHN. It took
- ["HOMEOPATHY AND I" -  an update](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/homeopathy-and-i-an-update/) - Homoeopathy and I is the title of a paper that I published in 2009. My aim was to denounce the popular notion that held I had started my research with a grudge against homeopathy. The honest truth is that - if anything - my attitude was even slightly positive. Here is the key section from
- [Wellness coach dies after "Kambo detox"](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/wellness-coach-dies-after-kambo-detox/) - The death of Kristian Trend, a forty-year-old spiritual wellness coach who collapsed and died following a "Kambo" cleansing ritual in Leicester, serves as a sobering cautionary tale about the extremes of the modern alternative health movement. Having overcome a severe battle with cancer in his twenties, Trend dedicated his life to holistic wellness, meditation, and
- [Integrative medicine: "Proven interventions should be called medicine. Unproven interventions should be called unproven"](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/integrative-medicine-proven-interventions-should-be-called-medicine-unproven-interventions-should-be-called-unproven/) - I am always delighted when I find authors who think in a similarly rational way as I. When it comes to the subject if INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE, this sadly is a rare occasion. I know that most medics would be critical of it, but only few are sufficiently insensed to publish a paper on their criticism.
- [Chiropractor discipline transparency questioned](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/chiropractor-discipline-transparency-questioned/) - I came across an interesting article about chiropractic. Let me try to summarise it for you: Texas’s system for disciplining chiropractors has become much less transparent, making it harder for patients to know whether a provider has faced regulatory action or not. Disciplinary cases reported by the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners and the National
- [What people say on social media about me and my work](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/what-people-say-about-me-and-my-work-on-social-media/) - Yesterday, I received a comment that ended stating: "... this site, and quite possibly Edzard, has well and truly lost the plot." The author has made many comments before that led me to ignore him; so, I did not think twice about what he had to express. Yet, later it started me wondering what people
- [Who is for and who against the critical evaluation of so-called alternative medicine?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/who-is-for-and-who-against-the-critical-evaluation-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - "While Edzard Ernst is swimming against a massive volume of alternative health advocates who view him as their “nemesis reserving his most poisonous venom for their professions,” his data-driven, pro-science corrections achieve significantly higher viral sharing power among the public." This AI-verdict made me wonder: Who is for and who against the critical evaluation of
- [Homeopathy for Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/homeopathy-for-chronic-non-specific-low-back-pain/) - Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments offer limited benefits and carry potential risks, prompting interest in alternative approaches, including homeopathy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of a standardised homeopathic biotherapic (Lumbar Vertebra, LM2 potency) for CNSLBP. A randomised,
- [Is Trump a racist?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/is-trump-a-racist/) - Donald Trump’s rhetoric is systematically racialized and frequently functions as a "dog whistle" to mobilize his racist followers. Here are but a few examples: July 1989 (On the Central Park Five): "I want to hate these muggers and murderers. They should be forced to suffer and, when they kill, they should be executed for their crimes."
- [The Ethics of Rituals in Medical Practices](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/the-ethics-of-rituals-in-medical-practices/) - I came across an interesting paper entitled "The Ethics of Tawas and Other Rituals in Medical Practices". Here is its abstract: Rituals in medical practice have either been seen as an anthropological aspect of current biomedical processes or as a pre-scientific aspect of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In either tendency, the literature has since failed
- [The effects of Reiki in children with leukemia on pain, vital signs and quality of life](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/the-effects-of-reiki-in-children-with-leukemia-on-pain-vital-signs-and-quality-of-life/) - This study was conducted to determine the effect of Reiki performed on children with leukemia between the ages of 5-7 years on pain, vital signs, oxygen saturation, and quality of life. It was a double-blind, pre-test-post-test randomized controlled experimental study. The research sample consisted of 66 children with leukemia aged 5-7 years who were hospitalized in
- [The Resurgence of Raw Milk: Politics, Ignorance, and Public Health](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/the-resurgence-of-raw-milk-politics-ignorance-and-public-health/) - I remember it well: when I was a kid, I went every day in the evening to a nearby farm to fetch a litre of luke warm raw milk. I was lucky; I never caught tuberculosis or any other infection that is transmitted in this way. Today, raw milk has become the centrepiece of a
- [I just published another book - it's about my mother](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/i-just-published-another-book-its-about-my-mother/) - I just published another book. It is almost entirely unrelated to medicine; it's about my mother, her past, and her relationship to (and at times entanglement with) Nazi ideologies. For a long time, I avoided this undertaking - perhaps because it compels me to link personal memories with historical abysses, or perhaps because it raises
- [The US “Health Freedom Movement” (HFM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/the-us-health-freedom-movement-hfm/) - The US “Health Freedom Movement” (HFM) is a coalition of activists, alternative practitioners, supplement and device manufacturers, and libertarian or populist politicians who oppose strong government regulation of healthcare. They claim to defend the individual’s right to choose any treatment or product they consider beneficial, especially so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Its roots lie in resistance
- [Chemtrails, stupidity and the 'far-right'](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/chemtrails-stupidity-and-the-far-right/) - In a world where logic is fast becoming optional, chemtrails are all the rage. A good example is Andrea Whitehead (AW). She was a Reform UK candidate for the 2024 United Kingdom General Election. Apparently, she is convinced that airplane vapor trails might actually be sinister chemicals sprayed as part of a Bill Gates-led global
- [Homeopathy for the Treatment of Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/homeopathy-for-the-treatment-of-insomnia-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - Insomnia is a prevalent disorder that is associated with substantial impairment. Homeopathy has been proposed as a complementary treatment for insomnia, but its clinical effects remain uncertain. This systematic review assessed the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of homeopathic treatments for insomnia. Prospective comparative studies evaluating any homeopathic preparation for insomnia were included. Searches in MEDLINE,
- [10 May 1933: Where they burn books, they will ultimately burn people](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/10-may-1933-where-they-burn-books-they-will-ultimately-burn-people/) - Exactly ninety-three years ago, on May 10, 1933, Nazi Germany staged one of its earliest and most symbolic assaults on intellectual freedom. Presented as a spontaneous outburst of student zeal, the book burnings were in fact a carefully orchestrated campaign to “purify” German culture and bring it into line with National Socialist ideology. The initiative
- [Intracranial Hypotension Following Spinal Manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/intracranial-hypotension-following-spinal-manipulation/) - Spinal manipulative therapies, including chiropractic and osteopathic maneuvers, are widely practiced for musculoskeletal complaints. However, serious complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak with subsequent intracranial hypotension (IH) have been described. The pathophysiological mechanism is presumed to involve mechanical stress on the spinal dura during high-velocity movements, leading to dural tears, particularly in the cervicothoracic
- [UK Local Elections: Holocaust Denier as Reform Councillor](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/uk-local-elections-holocaust-denier-as-reform-councillor/) - On the same day as we celebrated the defeat of the Nazis 81 years ago, a Holocaust denier has been elected to public office. In the Sefton Council UK local elections held this week, Jay Leslie Cooper, a Reform UK candidate for Bootle West ward, secured a seat with 705 votes. This outcome is remarkable
- ["Homeopathy is state-funded in most parts of the world” – TRUE OR FALSE?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/homeopathy-is-state-funded-in-most-parts-of-the-world-true-or-false/) - Following my post about the decline in homeopathy-use in Europe, several people dismissed it by saying something like this: Who cares about Europe? Across the globe, homeopathy is state-funded in a majority of countries!!! This is NOT correct. A correct description of the situation would be that homeopathy is currently state-funded or reimbursed in a
- [The Future of State-Funded Homeopathy in Europe](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/the-future-of-state-funded-homeopathy-in-europe/) - For decades, European health systems have maintained an uneasy coexistence between evidence-based medicine and a range of so-called alternative medicines (SCAMs). Among the most prominent has been homeopathy. That evidence free ride seems now coming to an end. Driven to some degree by budget pressure and by a much larger extend by a stronger emphasis
- [Are we experiencing an epidemic of violence and abuse?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/are-we-experiencing-an-epidemic-of-violence-and-abuse/) - Violence and abuse are no longer confined to the margins of society; they have permeated workplaces, public services, streets, homes, schools, online forums, places of worship, and even political discourse. From retail staff and healthcare workers to religious minorities and women trapped in abusive relationships, aggression has become disturbingly commonplace. The evidence is difficult to
- [Dame Shirley Porter (1930–2026)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/dame-shirley-porter-1930-2026/) - Dame Shirley Porter died on May 2. She passed away in Herzliya, Israel, where she had spent much of her time since the early 2000s. Dame Shirley had been the former leader of Westminster City Council and a dominant figure in 1980s UK municipal politics. Once hailed as the "Iron Lady of the town halls," her career
- [Reimbursement of homeopathy in Germany: its days are counted](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/reimbursement-of-homeopathy-in-germany-its-days-are-counted/) - Despite overwhelming evidence proving that homeopathics are pure placebos, a faction of German healthcare professionals – predominantly people who profit from homeopathy - continues to argue against their removal from statutory insurance. They claim that defunding homeopathy would eliminate vital treatment options, ultimately driving patients toward more expensive conventional interventions. However, from a health economics
- [Is Nigel Farage a racist and an antisemite?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/is-nigel-farage-a-racist-and-an-antisemite/) - Recent excesses of antisemitism in the UK and elsewhere prompt me to occasionally deviate from the core subject of this blog. I hope you share my concerns and understand my decision. Nigel Farage had a checkered political career. Currently, he is the Leader of Reform UK. His ascent is marked not least by a tension
- [Zack Polanski, the Hypnotherapist in UK Politics](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/zack-polanski-the-hypnotherapist-in-uk-politics/) - Zack Polanski the current Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, previously worked as a professional "cognitive hypnotherapist". My own assessment of hypnotherapy states that is the use of a trance-like state (hypnosis) for therapeutic purposes. It can be traced back to ancient cultures, but more recently Anton Mesmer (1734–1815) introduced hypnotherapy into
- ["Alternative Mathematics" According to Donald J. Trump](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/alternative-mathematics-according-to-donald-j-trump/) - Recent statements concerning US pharmaceutical pricing have drawn renewed attention to an entirely new horizon in mathematics. The method, associated with remarks by Donald Trump and repeated by several of his sycophants, departs from standard arithmetic in a manner that is rhetorically vigorous but mathematically ridiculous. Percentage change is defined relative to a single, clearly
- [Switzerland’s Evaluation of Homeopathy: The End of an Endless Loop](https://edzardernst.com/2026/05/switzerlands-evaluation-of-homeopathy-the-end-of-an-endless-loop/) - Guest post by Udo Endruscheit Two years ago, in a guest post on this blog, I described the long and winding history of homeopathy in Switzerland — a story marked by political expectations, institutional entanglements, and repeated attempts to reconcile a lack of evidence with a desire for legitimacy. I ended that article with the
- [What’s the science behind acupuncture? - About the recent and most disappointing PANS paper](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/whats-the-science-behind-acupuncture-about-the-recent-and-most-disappointing-pans-paper/) - When a top journal like PNAS (Procedings of the Nationsl Academy of Science) publishes an article entitled "What’s the science behind acupuncture?", I must take notice. Here is my take on the (sadly disappointing) effort: My very short summary of the paper (I do encourange my readers to read it in full) The article starts
- [UK doctor permanently struck off the medical register for using dangerous quackery](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/uk-doctor-permanently-struck-off-the-medical-register-for-using-dangerous-quackery/) - I am quite fond of garlic, but not as a cancer therapy. Dr. Mohsen Ali, a former doctor whose UK medical license was revoked by the General Medical Council (GMC) in January 2015, has been permanently struck off the medical register following a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS) investigation into his running of an illegal clinic.
- [Trump just fired all sitting members of the National Science Board](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/trump-just-fired-all-sitting-members-of-the-national-science-board/) - Trump's anti-science stance is well-known. What we did not know is how far he might venture in this direction. On Friday, April 24, 2026, the Trump administration took the unprecedented step of firing all sitting members of the National Science Board (NSB). This body acts as the governing board for the National Science Foundation (NSF)
- [Integrating anthroposophical medicine (or other SCAM) into healthcare?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/integrating-anthroposophical-medicine-or-other-scam-into-healthcare/) - The defence of anthroposophical medicine - or of any other unproven modality - as articulated, for example, by figures like Weleda CEO Tina Müller, presents a vision of patient-centred care and economic pragmatism. However, when held against the light of current clinical standards and the principles of evidence-based medicine (EBM), it reveals significant cracks. The
- [Homeopathy for tonsillitis?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/homeopathy-for-tonsillitis/) - Tonsillitis is a common condition predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presenting as acute, recurrent, or chronic infection. This review evaluated the effectiveness of homeopathy for clinical improvement and recurrence prevention across all tonsillitis presentations. A team of scientists searched nine databases and four trial registries for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised controlled trials (nRCTs)
- [Treatment of Hemorrhoids with Individualized Homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/treatment-of-hemorrhoids-with-individualized-homeopathy/) - This three-month, double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled trial evaluated whether individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) are superior to placebo in reducing anorectal symptom severity and improving quality of life over 3 months in adults with hemorrhoids, and to assess their safety and tolerability. A total of 134 adults with grade I–III hemorrhoids received either: IHMPs (verum; n
- [Reiki for cancer? No!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/reiki-for-cancer-no/) - This review was aimed at analyzing the scientific evidence on Reiki intervention as a nursing care strategy for people with cancer. For this purpose, the researchers searched six databases, including primary studies, in Portuguese, Spanish and/or English, about the evidence on the use of Reiki intervention as a care strategy for cancer patients, totaling five publications.
- [Austrian doctor diagnosed a tumor by dowsing and is now in court](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/austrian-doctor-diagnosed-a-tumor-by-dowsing-and-is-now-in-court/) - The case of the 14-year-old girl who died of cancer is now occupying the Klagenfurt Regional Court for the second time. The girl's parent elected to trust miracle healers and esoteric practitioners. Ultimately, the 14-year-old arrived at the hospital far too late—the cancer was already so advanced that the girl died less than two days
- ["Homeopathy and Homeopathic Products: Evaluation of Evidence on Their Efficacy and Safety" by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Products](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/homeopathy-and-homeopathic-products-evaluation-of-evidence-on-their-efficacy-and-safety-by-the-spanish-agency-for-medicines-and-medical-products/) - The Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Products (AEMPS) has just published a comprehensive technical report entitled "Homeopathy and Homeopathic Products: Evaluation of Evidence on Their Efficacy and Safety", which categorically concludes that there is no scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of homeopathy as a therapeutic tool. After a systematic review of scientific literature and
- [50 years ago, my very 1st paper was published: "Evaluation of hypercoagulability in septic abortion"](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/50-years-ago-my-very-1st-paper-was-published-evaluation-of-hypercoagulability-in-septic-abortion/) - It's hard to believe: my very 1st paper was published exactly 50 years ago. I remember it like it was yesterdy! It was a busy time with lots of distractions: at the time, I was preparing for my finals at the medical school, playing in jazz clubs 2-4 times per week, and having a rather
- [Want to stay healthy? Then, please, ignore the advice from Trump and his allies!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/want-to-stay-healthy-then-please-ignore-the-advice-from-trump-and-his-allies/) - Trump and his allies have produced many claims that experts have flagged as false, misleading, or dangerously unscientific. Below is a (probably incomplete) selection: In April 2020, Trump suggested during a press briefing that scientists explore whether injecting or “bringing disinfectant inside the body” could treat COVID‑19. Medical experts immediately warned that this would be
- [The Nazis and Homeopathy: Ideology, Support, and Legacy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/the-nazis-and-homeopathy-ideology-support-and-legacy/) - The Nazi's endorsement of homeopathy during the Third Reich was a complex fusion of pseudo-science, ideology and pragmatic policy. Homeopathy was deemed to align ideologically with National Socialism's völkisch worldview and, foremost, it was considered to be practical: It had pure German (“Aryan”) origins. It was considered to be natural. It was inexpensive. It was
- [Who are the world's greatest charlatans?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/who-are-the-worlds-greatest-charlatans/) - The field of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is densely populated with dubious individuals who a rational thinker might call charlatans. But who is the greatest charlatan of them all? The choice is plentiful. I am sure that - like me - many readers will have their own favourites in this respect. Yet such lists are,
- [The damage Trump is inflicting on science and medicine is immeasurable](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/the-damage-trump-is-inflicting-on-science-and-medicine-is-immeasurable/) - I have repeatedly warned that Trump and his cronies are systematically destroying science and medicine in the US and beyond. Recently, I looked into Medline to see what other experts are publishing on this issue. I did not expect to find much and was surprised that a plethora of articles are now available that discuss
- [AI chatbots far too often issue poor or even harmful health advice](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/ai-chatbots-far-too-often-issue-poor-or-even-harmful-health-advice/) - A BMJ Open study found that five popular AI chatbots gave problematic medical advice about half the time, with nearly 20% of answers judged highly problematic. The main concern is not just outright errors, but that the chatbots often sound confident while giving incomplete, misleading, or hard-to-check guidance. Researchers from the US, Canada, and the
- [When Peer Review Took a Holiday: The eCAM Retraction Scandal](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/when-peer-review-took-a-holiday-the-ecam-retraction-scandal/) - Science is supposed to be self-correcting. Papers get reviewed, checked, challenged - and only then published. That’s the idea, anyway. But the practice often looks different. Between 2022 and 2024, that system didn’t just creak a little, it fell over rather dramatically. At the centre of the mess was a Hindawi journal with the reassuringly
- [Is Trump’s circle normalising perjury?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/is-trumps-circle-normalising-perjury/) - Perjury is the criminal act of intentionally lying while under oath in a legal proceeding, where the lie concerns a material fact capable of influencing the outcome of the case. It is treated as a serious offense because it directly undermines the legal system’s core requirement: truthful testimony. If people can lie under oath without
- [Use of So-Called Alternative Medicine in the Management of Breast Cancer](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/use-of-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-in-the-management-of-breast-cancer/) - Innovations in both the surgical and medical management of breast cancer over the past few decades have led to reductions in treatment-related morbidity and increases in overall survival. Despite these advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy, a subset of patients continues to choose so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). The objective of this study was
- [Donald Trump's increasing vulgarity, is it a sign of his mental decline?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/donald-trumps-increasing-vulgarity-is-it-a-sign-of-his-mental-decline/) - George Washington: "The foolish and wicked practice of profane cursing and swearing... is a vice so mean and low, without any temptation, that every man of sense and character detests and despises it." Spencer W. Kimball: "Profanity is the effort of a feeble brain to express itself forcibly." William W. Purkey: "Profaneness is a brutal
- [US officials are supressing science in favour of anti-vaccine ideology](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/is-the-us-government-supressing-pro-vaccine-science-in-favour-of-pseudoscientific-ideology/) - The suppression of scientific data within US federal agencies represents a fundamental tension between independent public health expertise and political ideology. This conflict seems to have now reached a boiling point at the 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention' (CDC), where the Trump administration’s political leadership has indefinitely delayed the publication of an important report
- [Pediatric vertebral artery dissection and ischemic stroke following chiropractic manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/pediatric-vertebral-artery-dissection-and-ischemic-stroke-following-chiropractic-manipulation/) - Pediatric vertebral artery dissection (VAD) following chiropractic cervical manipulation (CCM) is a rare phenomenon. As chiropractic care of pediatric populations increases internationally, it is imperative to increase awareness of this cause of VAD. This case-report describes a patient encountered in the Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA. He was a 20-month-old
- [A Critical Analysis of the Indian Ministry of AYUSH](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/a-critical-analysis-of-the-indian-ministry-of-ayush/) - The Indian Ministry of Ayush was established in 2014 with a vision of reviving the profound knowledge of India's ancient systems of medicine and ensuring the optimal development and propagation of the Ayush systems of healthcare. Earlier, the Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homoeopathy (ISM&H) formed in 1995, was responsible for the development
- [A New Level of Recklessness: RFK Jr.’s Peptide Crusade](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/a-new-level-of-recklessness-rfk-jr-s-peptide-crusade/) - In the ever-evolving farce of populist politics, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has launched yet another crusade, this time to expand access to a group of "natural" peptides that the FDA previously restricted because of safety concerns and inadequate human data. In 2026, that campaign acquired fresh momentum: Kennedy publicly urged the FDA to restore access
- [20 years on: what did the 'Smallwood Report' achieve?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/20-years-on-what-did-the-smallwood-report-achieve/) - The 'Smallwood Report', entitled "The Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the NHS" was published in October 2005. It recommended greater integration of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) into the UK's National Health Service and to address "effectiveness gaps" in treating chronic and psychosocial conditions, claiming potential cost savings. Its core recommendations were: NICE assessment:
- [How accurate are Dana Ullman's articles?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/how-accurate-are-dana-ullmans-articles/) - How accurate are Dana Ullman's articles? To answer this amusing question, I asked the AI platform 'Gemini' to find all the false statements in one of Dana's articles (yes, I do admit that I am reluctant to read though an entire nonsensical paper - it would give me a headache or worse). This is the
- [Overdosing chocolate during the Easter holiday?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/overdosing-chocolate-during-the-easter-holiday/) - Easter is the time to surprise our fellow humans, preferably with something nice. One does not need to be a clairvoyant to predict that many of us will use chocolate for this purpose. Overindulgence in chocolate is therefore not a rare event today. How bad is that for your health? Chocolate has both potential benefits
- [A salty tale: homeopathic nanoparticles revisited once again](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/a-salty-tale-homeopathic-nanoparticles-revisited-once-again/) - Guest post by Richard Rasker Homeopathy has existed for 230 years already, but so far, good evidence for any efficacy is lacking. The Big Problem of course is that most homeopathic dilutions, if prepared correctly, don't contain a single molecule of the original substance any more, which means that they cannot possibly (and don't) have
- [Is it ethical for doctors to strike?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/is-it-ethical-for-doctors-to-strike/) - The wave of resident (junior) doctors' industrial action in the UK began already in 2016. The current regrettable situation started in 2026: 1 Feb 2026: BMA announces resident doctors vote 93% yes (53% turnout) for 6 more months of industrial action over pay restoration and training posts. 4 Feb 2026: Wes Streeting plans to offer
- [The Nazi's anti-Jewish boycott of April 1933 - when discrimination became state policy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/the-nazis-anti-jewish-boycott-of-april-1933-when-discrimination-became-state-policy/) - On 1 April 1933, just two months after seizing power, the Nazis launched a nationwide assault on Jewish life: a state-sponsored boycott of Jewish businesses. This was the first visible step on a path towards genocide and marked a critical turning point, transforming antisemitism from the fringes of political rhetoric into an official instrument of
- ["Influencers" who make false health claims should get heavily fined](https://edzardernst.com/2026/04/influencers-who-make-false-health-claims-should-get-heavily-fined/) - Influencers are the hollow avatars of modern vanity: self-appointed sages peddling platitudes and products with equal shallowness. They convert authenticity into performance, intimacy into marketing, and attention into cheap currency. Their lives are choreographed illusions, sustained by filters and insecurity, exploiting the gullibility of audiences desperate for meaning. In place of ideas, they offer “content”;
- [Homeopathy in the non-medical literature](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/homeopathy-in-the-non-medical-literature/) - We all know, I think, what homeopaths say about homeopathy. We also know what everyone else says about it. And the two set of opinions could not be more different. In this context, it might be interesting to learn what writers have to say about the subject. Here is a list of quotes from the
- [Trump’s new science panel: 9 tech billionaires plus 1 scientist!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/trumps-new-science-panel-9-tech-billionaires-plus-1-scientist/) - Most scientists are not Trump-fans [to put it mildly]; this is a trend that is likely not to be reversed by Trumps recent appointment of the first 13 members to the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). Historically, it has served as a bridge between the White House and the broader scientific
- [The anti‑vaccine activist, Aaron Siri, his arguments and his errors: a short and easily understandable summary](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/the-anti-vaccine-activist-aaron-siri-his-arguments-and-his-errors-a-short-and-easily-understandable-summary/) - Aaron Siri is an American lawyer and anti‑vaccine activist. He has become a key figure in contemporary US vaccine‑policy debates, largely through his legal challenges and close ties to health‑policy critics such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. His following five central claims about vaccines are a mix of selective quoting, misrepresentation of studies, and appeal
- [Dr. Dean Patterson, who raised the suspicion of a possible link between COVID-19 vaccine and heart problems, has been sacked](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/dr-dean-patterson-who-raised-the-suspicion-of-a-possible-link-between-covid-19-vaccine-and-heart-problems-has-been-sacked/) - Dr. Dean Patterson, a consultant cardiologist in Guernsey, has been dismissed from his partnership at the Medical Specialist Group (MSG) following his public concerns about potential links between COVID-19 vaccines and myocarditis. Patterson had described as a notable rise in myocarditis. He claimed local figures of 5 cases in 2020 (pre-vaccine rollout), 25 in 2021,
- [Why many people do NOT use so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/why-many-people-do-not-use-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Tons of research (mostly surveys) exist on the reasons why some people – between 20 and 60% - use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). But these people are often the minority, and few of us ask why the majority do NOT employ SCAM. The research that does exist suggests that people decline SCAM for a variety
- [Homoeopathy and Bach Flower Remedies for Autism Spectrum Disorder - is this the most misleading paper on the subject?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/homoeopathy-and-bach-flower-remedies-for-autism-spectrum-disorder-is-this-the-most-misleading-paper-on-the-subject/) - Some papers on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) are such that I am almost lost for words. Here is the abstract of such an article: Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with characteristic challenges like persistent deficits in social communication, restricted and repetitive behaviors, sensory processing anomalies. Defined by DSM-5criteria, it affects about
- ['Sliding Cupping Therapy' for Psoriasis ... or: HOW TO CHEAT WITH SEEMINGLY RELIABLE RESEARCH](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/sliding-cupping-therapy-for-psoriasis-or-how-to-cheat-with-a-seemingly-reliable-study/) - I am sure that many of my readers have no idea what 'Slinding Cupping Therapy' is. It is a TCM therapy that, according to the authors of this paper, receives much appreciation for treating plaque psoriasis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that sliding cupping therapy is non-inferior to narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) therapy
- [Reiki for stress relief? No, more likely for comic relief!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/reiki-for-stress-relief-no-more-likely-for-comic-relief/) - I recently came across an aricle entitled "Reiki for Stress Relief" which I thought was excptional even for the often surprising literature on Reiki. Here is the abstract: Reiki is Holistic. It isn’t just about the mental, or just about the physical, but both, and an overall restoration and improvement to you. And as we
- [Another look at the 'nanoparticle theory' of homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/another-look-at-the-nanoparticle-theory-of-homeopathy/) - Some homeopathy-fans claim that tiny "nanoparticles" survive even in remedies diluted a trillion trillion times (i.e. the process of manufacturing a high-potency homeopathic remedy). They furthermore assume that this phenomenon can explain how homeopathy works. This argument sounds ever so modern and sciency but – unless you are a bit of a dim-wit - it
- [The effects of TCM on the outcomes after mastectomy: a large population-based study](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/the-effects-of-tcm-on-the-outcomes-after-mastectomy-a-large-population-based-study/) - Sufficient evidence concerning the impact of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on clinical outcomes for breast cancer patients in Taiwan is not available. This study sought to examine the association between TCM integration and post-operative outcomes among women undergoing mastectomies. Utilizing a large insurance database, the Taiwanese researchers identified a cohort of adult women who underwent
- [Immunisation and homeopathy are often claimed to be alike - in fact, they are not even remotely similar](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/immunisation-and-homeopathy-are-often-claimed-to-be-alike-in-fact-they-are-not-even-remotely-similar/) - Immunisation and homeopathy are often assumed to be similar; some even claim that the efficacy of the former proves the latter. They both are said to "stimulate the body's natural defences" and they both allegedly use “tiny does”. Yet they are fundamentally different, not just in their methods, but in their scientific validity and biological
- [Ayush systems of medicine in India’s COVID response](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/ayush-systems-of-medicine-in-indias-covid-response/) - Although currently the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a public health challenge, the unprecedented utilization and integration of Ayush therapeutics and principles for the COVID-19 response in India represent a critical health systems and policy experiment which needs a systematic evaluation. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, and the data were extracted till 9th
- [If anyone tells you that only misinformed skeptics oppose homeopathy, show them this: a list of independent evaluations by internationally respected organisations](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/if-anyone-tells-you-that-only-misinformed-skeptics-oppose-homeopathy-show-them-this-a-list-of-independent-evaluations-by-internationally-respected-organisations/) - Today, there is a strong scientific and medical consensus that homeopathy lacks reliable evidence of efficacy. Many of the strongest rejections come, after independent evaluations of the evidence, from national and international scientific bodies of undoubted repute. Here is my list: Advertising Standards Authority (UK) The ASA requires that efficacy claims for homeopathic products be
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and his harmful ideas about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/robert-f-kennedy-jr-and-his-harmful-ideas-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - You probably heard about American Academy of Pediatrics et al. v. Kennedy et al., the law suit brought by the AAP and several other medical organisations against Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (RFK Jr). The case was ruled on March 16, 2026. Judge Brian E. Murphy of the US District Court for Massachusetts issued a preliminary injunction
- [CHARLES DARWIN ON HOMEOPATHY: "it is a sign of how little even the best educated people know of the laws of evidence"](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/charles-darwin-on-homeopathy-is-a-sign-of-how-little-even-the-best-educated-people-know-of-the-laws-of-evidence/) - Our resident defender of the indefensible, DUllman, regularly comes out with the notion that Darwin was a great fan of homeopathy. I always found this hard to believe. So, I asked AI: "What did Darwin have to say about homeopathy". Here is the reply I got: Darwin lived during a time when Victorian medicine was
- [The 1835 Nuremberg Salt Trial of Homeopathy: Background, Execution and Consequences](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/the-1835-nuremberg-salt-trial-of-homeopathy-background-execution-and-consequences/) - This landmark study, often called the "Nürnberger Kochsalzversuch", is historically significant as probably the first recorded instances of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. It was conducted to test a specific claim made by a leading practitioner of the time. By the mid-1830s, homeopathy had gained significant popularity among the upper classes in Nuremberg, then part of
- [The list of felons currently working for Donald J Trump makes the US look like a banana republic](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/the-list-of-felons-currently-working-for-donald-j-trump-makes-the-us-look-like-a-banana-republic/) - In the US, a felon is defined as a person who has been convicted of a felony. A felony is the most serious category of criminal offense. The US legal system distinguishes folonies from "misdemeanors" (less serious) and "infractions" (minor violations like speeding tickets). Apart from Trump himself, there are remarkably numerous felons (or ex-felons,
- [Andreas Joseph von Stifft and the Ban of Homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/andreas-joseph-von-stifft-and-the-ban-of-homeopathy/) - In the early 19th-century Austrian Empire, few figures held as much power over the physical and institutional health of the state as Dr. Andreas Joseph von Stifft (1760–1836) - after all, he was the personal physician to Emperor Franz I! He had risen from fairly modest origins, studied and trained at the University of Vienna,
- [Regulation of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in different countries](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/regulation-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-in-different-countries/) - The regualtion of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) differs from country to country which can and does cause a lot of confusion. Here are very brief summaries of some of the countries that I know best: UK Policy The UK government adopts a cautious, evidence-based stance on SCAM, with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
- [The effects of multivitamin–multimineral and cocoa extracts on aging](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/the-effects-of-multivitamin-multimineral-and-cocoa-extracts-on-aging/) - Large-scale randomized trials have found that multivitamin–multimineral (MVM) supplements and cocoa flavanols may benefit several age-related chronic conditions among older adults, but it remains unclear whether these two supplements directly slow the biological aging process. This prespecified ancillary study evaluated the 2-year effect of a daily MVM (Centrum Silver) and cocoa extract (500 mg cocoa flavanols
- [White Phosphorus - what harm does it cause?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/white-phosphorus-what-harm-does-it-cause/) - White phosphorus is a wax-like chemical substance that ignites spontaneously when exposed to oxygen. It burns at extremely high temperatures and continues to burn as long as it is exposed to air. Using it as an incendiary weapon specifically targeted at civilian populations is illegal - yet, this is exactly what Israel has recently been accused
- [PROSECUTION FOLLOWS AYAHUASCA AND KAMBO DEATH](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/prosecution-follows-ayahuasca-and-kambo-death/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod Over the years these pages and many others have reported on the risks of using ayahuasca and kambo, psychoactive substances used by shamans, alt-med practitioners, cranks and downright frauds for spiritual, social, and medicinal purposes. Those risks go so far as an excruciatingly painful death, which has led to bans
- [Austrian Doctors in the Service of the Nazi Regime](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/austrian-doctors-in-the-service-of-the-nazi-regime/) - The Austrian news magazin PROFIL published a review of my new book. Both the book and the review are in German. I took the liberty of translating the latter for my readers who do not read German: It is a list of horrors: poisoning, burning, electric shocks, sterilization, deliberate infection with malaria, typhus, tuberculosis, and
- [Cureus is a very strange journal!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/cureus-is-a-very-strange-journal/) - I have long felt that Cureus is a very strange journal: It publishes an incredilby high volume of papers: ~50,000 in 2025. An unusual high percentage of these articles are on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Its article retraction rate seems one dimension higher than the average. It charges hefty fees for submissions needing language, formatting,
- ['Quantum Bollocks' in So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/quantum-bollocks-in-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Quantum seems to be all the rage in the weird and wonderful world of SCAM; we have touched upon this phenomenon several times before: And the award for the most spectacular ‘quantum bollocks’ goes to … Bioresonance as an “Innovative Method of Bioquantum Medicine” – some ‘Christmas Cheer’ for all my readers The Healy quantum
- [Dana Ullman's "newest contribution to the PubMed literature": a critical evaluation](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/dana-ullmans-newest-contribution-to-the-pubmed-literature-a-critical-evaluation/) - Yesterday Dana commented on this blog the following: ... And while you’re there, I am still waiting for anyone here to review and critique my newest contribution to the PubMed literature: Rockefeller, the Flexner Report, and the American Medical Association: The Contentious Relationship Between Conventional Medicine and Homeopathy in America: https://www.cureus.com/articles/370572-rockefeller-the-flexner-report-and-the-american-medical-association-the-contentious-relationship-between-conventional-medicine-and-homeopathy-in-america#!/ I am far less
- [Herbal Remedy for Improving the Performance of Football Players?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/herbal-remedy-for-improving-the-performance-of-football-players/) - This study was aimed at determining whether four weeks of Rhodiola rosea (RHO) supplementation improves intermittent exercise performance, post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, and decision-making under fatigue in competitive football players. Twenty-four male competitive football players completed a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 4-week intervention (RHO vs. placebo). Outcomes included Yo-Yo IR2, repeated-sprint ability (RSA), post-RSA blood lactate
- [Testing the Implausible: Clinical Trials of So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/testing-the-implausible-clinical-trials-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Debates on researching SCAM frequently hinge on the tension between theoretical plausibility and empirical testing. The central question is this: should interventions that contradict well-established scientific principles nonetheless be subjected to clinical trials? This issue raises fundamental concerns about the allocation of research resources, the epistemology of medical science, and the boundary between scientific openness
- [Does Coffee and Tea Consumption Reduce the Dementia Risk and Improve Cognitive Function?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/does-coffee-and-tea-consumption-reduce-the-dementia-risk-and-improve-cognitive-function/) - This prospective cohort study investigated associations of coffee and tea intake with dementia risk and cognitive function. It included female participants from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; n = 86 606 with data from 1980-2023) and male participants from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 45 215 with data from 1986-2023) who did not have cancer, Parkinson disease, or dementia
- [Acupuncture: too good to be true?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/acupuncture-too-good-to-be-true/) - In recent decades, acupuncture has attracted extensive research spanning an astonishingly wide array of medical conditions, from chronic pain and neurological disorders to infectious diseases and psychiatric ailments. However, the proposed mechanisms of action—ranging from peripheral sensory stimulation to central nervous system modulation—fail to provide a coherent, biologically plausible explanation for efficacy across this disparate spectrum
- [Epstein's physicians/healthcare professionals and experts](https://edzardernst.com/2026/03/epsteins-physicians-healthcare-professionals-and-experts/) - The "Epstein Files" contain references to several healthcare professionals, medical researchers, and wellness advocates. Their mentions range from personal relationships and scientific funding to administrative roles. Here is a [probably incomplete] list: Dr. Eva Andersson-Dubin (Physician): A former Miss Sweden and Epstein’s long-time girlfriend. Epstein reportedly funded her medical education. She and her husband, Glenn
- [An AI-analysis of my blog](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/an-ai-analysis-of-my-blog/) - I asked the AI platform "Google Gemeni" to run a few analyses of my blog. Here is what I go: FREQUENCY OF SPECIFIC SUBJECTS While Edzard Ernst does not provide a live "leaderboard" of therapies by exact post count on his blog, his activity across over 3,000 posts (dating back to 2012) follows a very
- [Herbal Medicine, Sexual Abuse and the Jeffrey Epstein Case](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/herbal-medicine-sexual-abuse-and-the-jeffrey-epstein-case/) - Angel’s Trumpet, also called ‘Devil’s Breath' or Brugmansia, is a seemingly innocent herbal remedy - however, innocent only to a degree because it contains scopolamine. Although scopolamine has genuine medicinal uses, it can be abused as a date-rape drug that can incapacitate victims and inhibit free will. It is thought that Epstein took a keen interest
- [Investigation into Measles Vaccination Fraud: nearly all of it committed by doctors practising so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/investigation-into-measles-vaccination-fraud-nearly-all-of-it-committed-by-doctors-practising-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - I have often voiced my concerns that some SCAM practitioners are against vaccinations, particularly homeopath, naturopaths and integrative medicine doctors. It seems, that many go even further and commit lucrative anti-vax fraud. Now, a shocking story seems to confirm that my concerns were justified. A joint investigation by NDR, WDR, and the Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ)
- [Integrating quantum bollocks into a bullshit model of therapeutic nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/integrating-energy-bullshit-into-a-model-of-therapeutic-nonsense/) - This study aims to integrate the Geomagnetic Field (GMFD), Quantum Field (QFD), and Human Biofield (HBFD) domains as biophysical foundations for an energetic continuum between cosmic forces and human physiology, grounded in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) concepts like Qi and Yin-Yang. A structured narrative review was conducted. A systematic search of major scientific databases (PubMed,
- [In his own words: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on science, evidence-based medicine and health](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/in-his-own-words-robert-f-kennedy-jr-on-science-evidence-based-medicine-and-health/) - The attitude of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (RFKJr.) on science and evidence-based medicine has long been a source for concern, particularly if we consider his total lack of expertise combined with his immense power to influence public health of the US and beyond. Here are several key quotes and recurring themes that define his perspective:
- [Jeffrey Epstein's Eugenic Fantasies](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/jeffrey-epsteins-eugenics-fantasies/) - Amongst the most disturbing elements of the Epstein case was his vision for his New Mexico estate, Zorro Ranch, which he described to associates as a potential site for personal eugenics experiments. Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices - used, for instance, by the Nazis during the Third Reich - that aim to
- [Ita Wegman, the doctor who invented anthroposophic medicine together with Rudolf Steiner](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/ita-wegman-the-doctor-who-invented-anthroposophic-medicine-together-with-rudolf-steiner/) - Ita Wegman (22 February 1876 – 4 March 1943) was born 150 years ago today. Together with Rudolf Steiner, she was a central figure in the development of anthroposophic medicine, an approach that interprets illness through spiritual–cosmological concepts. In 1921, Wegman founded the Klinisch-Therapeutisches Institut in Arlesheim, Switzerland—today the Ita Wegman Clinic—the first hospital dedicated
- [ERRORS OF JUDGEMENT: The Strange Friends and Acquaintances of the UK Royal Family](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/errors-of-judgement-the-strange-friends-and-acquaintances-of-the-uk-royal-family/) - The news was hard to miss: the (s)ex-prince Andrew was arrested and questioned for 11 hours! At the heart of this story is, of couse, Andrew's friendship with Epstein. While the royal family and their PR-teams are frantically busy in 'damage limitation', it might be worth remembering that Epstein was by no means their only
- [Dehumanised medicine: Austria's doctors during the Third Reich](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/dehumanised-medicine-austrias-doctors-during-the-third-reich/) - Yes, I have published another book! It is about the Third Reich; more specifically, it is about Austria's medical profession during that period. As the book is in German, allow me to translate the concluding chapter for readers who don't speak this language: “The revulsion at what … has happened cannot be put into words
- [When Nutrition Meets Bullshit: RFK Jr.’s Super Bowl Science](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/when-nutrition-meets-bullshit-rfk-jr-s-super-bowl-science/) - If there’s one thing Robert F. Kennedy Jr. knows how to do, it’s to turn public health into performance art. This year’s most expensive commercial—airing during Super Bowl LX—wasn’t about cars, beer, or even crypto. It was about butter. And beef tallow. The ad, titled “The Fight of My Life,” showed a misty‑eyed Mike Tyson reminiscing about his
- [How Does Homeopathy Work?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/how-does-homeopathy-work/) - Homeopathy rests on two main axioms: "like cures like," where a substance causing symptoms in healthy individuals treats similar symptoms in the sick, and potentization through serial dilution and succussion, often to dilutions so extreme that no original molecules remain. Both axioms fly in the face of science. Yet, homeopaths have put forward a range
- [A Fabulous Story of Medical Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Poland](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/a-fabulous-story-of-medical-resistance-in-ns-occupied-poland/) - During the German occupation of Poland in the 2nd World War, the intersection of science and resistance produced one of the most striking episodes of humanitarian subversion: the creation of a fictitious typhus epidemic by Polish physicians Eugeniusz Lazowski and Stanisław Matulewicz. As Piotr Heller recounts in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung article “Die erfundene Epidemie” (“The
- [Trials and tribulations of responsible people trying to uphold scientific standards](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/trials-and-tribulations-of-responsible-people-trying-to-uphold-scientific-standards/) - This article recounts the 5-year long odyssee of a few concerned and fiercely determined individuals [including myself] to get a published paper retracted that clearly was riddled with scientific misconduct and thus detrimental to science and dangerous to vulnerable patients. Here is the abstract of our just-published paper: Scientifc misconduct threatens patient safety, progress, and trust
- [Spinal Manipulation and Clinician-Supported Biopsychosocial Self-Management for Acute Back Pain](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/spinal-manipulation-and-clinician-supported-biopsychosocial-self-management-for-acute-back-pain/) - The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and clinician-supported biopsychosocial self-management vs medical care for adults with increased risk of chronic disabling LBP. This 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial enrolled participants in 3 research clinics at the Universities of Minnesota and Pittsburgh from November 2018 to May 2023; final follow-up
- [More trouble for the Royal Family: Prince William's charity has been reported to the Charity Commission of the UK](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/more-trouble-for-the-royal-family-prince-williams-charity-has-been-reported-to-the-charity-commission-of-the-uk/) - Prince William's Earthshot Prize claims to find, support and celebrate those who turn bold ideas into solutions for our planet. In early February 2026, Prince the Earthshot Prize charity was reported to the UK’s Charity Commission. This followed the release of millions of documents related to Jeffrey Epstein. The complaint centers on a "founding partner" of
- [The gradual loss of trust in homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/the-gradual-loss-of-trust-in-homeopathy/) - On this blog, some people insist that homeopathy goes from strength to strength. Here I counter this notion by pointing out that several contries have stopped reimbursing homeopathy and that loss of trust in homeopathy has grown significantly. Several converging factors explain the erosion of confidence: Lack of evidence of effectiveness: Large reviews by national
- [Hiring academics in different countries - similarities and differences](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/hiring-academics-in-different-countries-similarities-and-differences/) - While hiring remains the cornerstone of university excellence, the priorities and mechanics of recruitment vary significantly across borders. Drawing from the systems I am most familiar with, here is a breakdown of how academic careers are forged in the US, UK, Germany, France and Austria. United States: The High-Stakes Tournament Academic hiring in the U.S.
- [Individualized Homeopathy for Pain of Calcaneal Spur?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/individualized-homeopathy-for-pain-of-calcaneal-spur/) - Calcaneal spur is a common cause of chronic heel pain and functional disability. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of individualized homeopathic (IH) medicines compared to placebo (PL) in managing this condition. 128 participants with chronic heel pain from calcaneal spur were randomly assigned to receive either IH (n =
- [Deepak Chopra - Karma can be a real bitch!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/deepak-chopra-karma-can-be-a-real-bitch/) - “The Law of Karma: What you sow is what you reap. If you plant carrots, don't expect to harvest watermelons.” “If you want to see change in the world, become the change you want to see.” “If you want to reach a state of Bliss — make a decision to relinquish the need to control,
- [TCM herbal therapy for psoriasis?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/tcm-herbal-therapy-for-psoriasis/) - Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. By more than a decade of clinical validation, Jueyin granules (JYG) have demonstrated multi-target synergistic immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, offering a characteristic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapeutic approach for psoriasis. Aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral JYG in treating psoriasis with
- [The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is raising alarm about new federal legislation of homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/the-center-for-inquiry-cfi-is-raising-alarm-about-new-federal-legislation-of-homeopathy/) - The Center for Inquiry (CFI) is raising alarms about new federal legislation that would make it easier for homeopathy groups to market and sell their products. Opposing homeopathy is at the core of CFI’s mission, given that it is dangerous pseudoscience and misleads American patients and consumers to the tune of millions of dollars every year. HR 7050 was
- [RFKJr: "none of the vaccines that are given during the first 6 months of life have ever been tested for autism."](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/rfkjr-none-of-the-vaccines-that-are-given-during-the-first-6-months-of-life-have-ever-been-tested-for-autism/) - Robert F Kennedy Jr. has recently claimed that "none of the vaccines that are given during the first 6 months of life have ever been tested for autism." What, if anything, is true about this frequently used argument? To answer this question, it might be helpful to have a quick look at how vaccine testing
- [Auricular Acupressure for Obesity? No, I don't think so!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/auricular-acupressure-for-obesity-no-i-dont-think-so/) - Obesity is, as we all know, a huge public health issue. We therefore must no be amazed that the 'SCAM brigade' has collectively jumped on this bandwaggon - even auricualar acupressure is being promoted as a solution! This study aimed to evaluate the impact of auricular acupressure on obesity and sleep quality in middle-aged Korean
- [Is Donald Trump a convicted rapist?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/is-donald-trump-a-convicted-rapist/) - Like probably many of you, I frequently come across claims that Donald Trump is a convicted rapist. No, this is not about the "Epstein files" and the horrible things they imply, it's about claims that, in the 1990s, he raped E. Jean Carroll. He, of course, denies this. Even though it has nothing to do
- [A Serious Complication of Chiropractic Manipulation in a Patient With Von Willebrand Disease](https://edzardernst.com/2026/02/a-serious-complication-of-chiropractic-manipulation-in-a-patient-with-von-willebrand-disease/) - Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and predisposes patients to hemorrhagic complications following trauma or invasive procedures. Chiropractic spinal manipulation is widely used for musculoskeletal pain; however, serious complications have been reported, particularly in patients with underlying coagulopathies. Iliopsoas hematoma with secondary femoral neuropathy is an uncommon but potentially disabling
- [Death due to acupuncture-induced multiple organ injuries](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/death-due-to-acupuncture-induced-multiple-organ-injuries/) - We have frequently discussed the fact that acupuncture, while often promoted as safe, can cause serious harm, including deaths, e.g.: Another death by acupuncture Death by acupuncture Football star, Ellen White, suffered a pneumothorax caused by acupuncture Acupuncture: much more than meets the eye! Acupuncture for stable angina pectoris… yes, if you aim at killing
- [Today is my birthday - and yes, I do have a wish](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/today-is-my-birthday-and-yes-i-do-have-a-wish/) - Lots of important things have happened in the past on the 30th of January, my birthday. Here is a small selection: 1649: King Charles I of England is beheaded for high treason, leading to a brief period where England became a republic under Oliver Cromwell. 1661: Two years after his death, Oliver Cromwell is ritually
- [Mindfulness Components and Their Clinical Efficacy: A Critical Review of an Ongoing Debate](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/mindfulness-components-and-their-clinical-efficacy-a-critical-review-of-an-ongoing-debate/) - The rapid expansion of mindfulness research has generated both enthusiasm and controversy regarding its actual clinical value. While meditation is often regarded as the central mechanism of mindfulness-based interventions, other components such as psychoeducation and informal practice may play an equally significant role in improving mental health outcomes. This critical review examined the relative contributions
- [Acupuncture as treatment of cancer-therapy induced fatigue? No!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/acupuncture-as-treatment-of-cancer-therapy-induced-fatigue-no/) - The objective of this study was to "critically assess the evidence presented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the effectiveness of acupuncture on fatigue in cancer patients". In April 2024 a systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of acupuncture therapy on cancer patients.
- [Fatal Lead Poisoning From An Herbal Hemorrhoid Cream](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/fatal-lead-poisoning-from-an-herbal-hemorrhoid-cream/) - This case report details the death of a 59-year-old woman who succumbed to complications from lead poisoning (cerebral edema and encephalopathy) following the use of an herbal cream to treat hemorrhoids. The patient with a past medical history of prediabetes was admitted to the emergency department after her husband found her experiencing seizure-like activity that
- [The destruction of public health in the United States](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/the-destruction-of-public-health-in-the-united-states/) - The US stands on the precipice of the destruction of public health. This might be best exemplified by the loss of its measles-free status. In 2000, the U.S. had been classified as having "eliminated" measles, meaning the virus was no longer constantly circulating within its borders. Following a year of record-breaking outbreaks, the Pan American
- [Comparative efficacy of acupressure and magnetic therapy vs. diclofenac sodium for pain management in upper urinary tract calculi](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/comparative-efficacy-of-acupressure-and-magnetic-therapy-vs-diclofenac-sodium-for-pain-management-in-upper-urinary-tract-calculi/) - This study compared the analgesic efficacy of acupressure and magnetic therapy (AMT) versus diclofenac sodium (DFS) in acute renal colic. A total of 138 patients with acute renal colic (visual analog scale [VAS] score ≥ 7) were randomized to AMT or DFS treatment. Primary endpoints included changes in VAS scores at baseline, 1-, 10-, 30-,
- [American fascism is on the march](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/american-fascism-is-on-the-march/) - A recent BMJ letter to the editor is so brilliant that I should show you a few sections from it: ... Whether Trump’s regime is fascist can be endlessly debated, but if you check it against the 14 characteristics of fascism described by the political scientist Lawrence Britt after analysis of seven fascist regimes it
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-for-autism-spectrum-disorder-a-systematic-review/) - Many families explore so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) to manage autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and many SCAM practitioners claim to be able to treat ASD effectively. This review evaluated the efficacy and safety of SCAM therapies, including acupuncture, cupping, massage, dietary changes, herbal medicine, apitherapy, and Ayurveda medicine. Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus,
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: all his dangerous pseudo-medical ideas in a nutshell](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/robert-f-kennedy-jr-all-his-dangerous-pseudo-medical-ideas-in-a-nutshell/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has, for many years, promoted claims that contradict established scientific consensus and common sense. Although he often frames his arguments as skepticism towards 'the establishment', his positions consistently conflict with the findings of sound science. This has led to widespread criticism from skeptics, scientists, physicians, and public health officials who argue
- [Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy for non-specific low back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/pulsed-electromagnetic-field-therapy-for-non-specific-low-back-pain/) - Non-specific low back pain is a common condition with substantial socioeconomic implications. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is said to generate benefits in pain reduction and improvement of physical function in patients with pain-associated disorders like osteoarthritis. However, studies had heterogeneous settings. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of PEMF
- [STOP ALL WARS! Wars cost not just lives, they endanger our survival](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/stop-all-wars-wars-cost-not-just-lives-they-endanger-our-survival/) - Please allow me to deviate today from my usual agenda, i.e. so-called alternative medicine. I feel that I should write about the contribution of war to global warming which, in turn, will inevitably affect our health as individuals and our chances of survival as humans. 2025 was the third-warmest year on record; the global average
- [Spinal manipulative therapy for adults with chronic low back pain, an update of a Cochrane Review](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/spinal-manipulative-therapy-for-adults-with-chronic-low-back-pain-an-update-of-a-cochrane-review/) - This up-date of a Cochrane Review evaluated the benefits and harms of SMT compared to (1) sham SMT/placebo intervention, (2) no treatment, and (3) other conservative interventions in people with chronic LBP (18+ years old).The authors searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, two other databases, and two trial registers up
- [More on Dana Ullman's superb publications on homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/more-on-dana-ullmans-superb-publications-on-homeopathy/) - It is, I think, evident to anyone reading his comments on my recent post that Dana Ullman adores my little ventures into AI. In order to please Dana even more, I tought of doing another, more focussed and arguably more telling post on an AI analysis of his work. As it seems a little unfair
- [Retractions in journals of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/retractions-in-journals-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - The objective of this study was to explore the nature of retraction notices associated with so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) focused journals. Data related to retractions in SCAM journals were extracted from the Retraction Watch Database for the period 2000-2025. The analysis found that there were 902 notices associated with 42 SCAM journals. Overall, the percentage
- [An open letter to the French Senate about quackery currently infiltrating French healthcare](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/an-open-letter-to-the-french-senate-about-quackery-currently-infiltrating-french-healthcare/) - I have reported several times previously on my blog that France has a problem with the promotion of unproven therapies into its routine healthcare, e.g.: No to the reimbursement of pseudo-therapies! An open letter from France Bad news for France: Patrick Hetzel, the new Minister for Higher Education and Research seems to be an anti-scientist
- [Dana Ullman and his life-time achievement in medical sciences](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/dana-ullman-and-his-life-time-achievement-in-medical-sciences/) - In his recent comment, Dana Ullman asked AI to analyse my critique of a yoga study. I thought this was good fun and therefore decided to do a similar exercise. I asked AI: Dana Ullman, please summarize his his life-time achievement in medical sciences. Here is the reply I got: Dana Ullman — Lifetime Achievements
- [Yoga for Opioid Withdrawal: A new randomized [BUT PHONY!!!] clinical trial](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/yoga-for-opioid-withdrawal-a-new-randomized-but-phony-clinical-trial/) - Opioid withdrawal involves sympathetic hyperactivity and reduced parasympathetic tone, which standard pharmacological treatments may not adequately address, contributing to relapse vulnerability. This study evaluated yoga as adjuvant therapy to accelerate opioid withdrawal recovery and assess its impact on heart rate variability, anxiety, sleep, and pain. This 2-arm, early-stage randomized clinical trial was conducted at an
- [How the WHO is misleading the public about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/how-the-who-is-misleading-the-public-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Yesterday, I posted the account of a WHO summit on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). I deliberately abstained from any comment. Yet, the arguments put forward do certainly deserve some critical evaluation. In particular, I feel that this paragraph needs discussing: The WHO says its Summit on Traditional Medicine is essentially about repeating this sifting process
- [The WHO has gone Goopy for traditional medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/the-who-has-gone-goopy-for-traditional-medicine/) - The WHO says it is sifting the wheat from the chaff in order to save lives – but critics fear it is pandering to India and China; this TELEGRAPH article is worth reading in full; here I will merely quote a few passages from it. Mongolian shamans beat wicker drums to summon ancestral spirits. A
- [Distinguishing Complementary and Alternative Medicine: The Role of Religion, Healthcare System Satisfaction and Country Context](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/distinguishing-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-the-role-of-religion-healthcare-system-satisfaction-and-country-context/) - This study aimed to distinguish between the usage of complementary medicine and alternative medicine, often jointly referred to as CAM. Furthermore, the analysis focuses on the role of religion, healthcare system satisfaction and the country of residence. The analysis uses data of the International Social Survey Programme 2021 "Health and Health Care II" (ISSP 2021)
- [Cupping therapy for cervical spondylosis? No!](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/cupping-therapy-for-cervical-spondylosis-no/) - This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of "fire cupping therapy" (FC) versus electroacupuncture for reducing pain and improving cervical spine range of motion in patients with neck pain due to cervical spondylosis. FC is essentially nothing else than the TCM version of cupping. Eighty-two participants with neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis were
- [The credibility of trials of spinal manipulative therapy is questionable](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/the-credibility-of-trials-of-spinal-manipulative-therapy-is-questionable/) - Reliable reporting and publication practices are essential for trustworthy evidence synthesis and clinical decision-making. This analysis aimed to identify latent classes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) based on trial reporting and publication practices, and to examine whether these classes influenced treatment effects. Trials were evaluated on whether they met criteria
- [Distrust In Chiropractors And Their Trade Is More Than Justified](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/distrust-in-chiropractors-and-their-trade-is-more-than-justified/) - This article explores how the sociological concept of trust, both externally and internally, presents challenges to the legitimacy and credibility of the chiropractic profession. This ethnographic study consisted of systematic observation and interviews of 40 chiropractors in South Carolina from Fall 2016 to Fall 2017. Additionally, interviews were conducted with staff members, patients, and other
- [What will 2026 bring for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/what-will-2026-bring-for-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - I am often asked what the future might bring for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Yet, I have to admit that I am not a good fortune teller; despite my long-standing interest in the subject, I feel quite unsure how things might develop. Does anyone know? I don't think so! How about AI? Surely it must
- [Newspaper coverage of SCAM in 2025](https://edzardernst.com/2026/01/newspaper-coverage-of-scam-in-2025/) - Which countries' newspapers publish the most articles on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)? There is no central global dataset that tracks how many newspaper articles on alternative/complementary/integrative medicine were published by country in 2025 — but AI can infer likely leaders based on media reporting trends, healthcare news output, and academic coverage patterns from studies of
- [2025: the year when Trump changed US science beyond recognition](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/2025-a-year-of-trump-has-changed-us-science-beyond-recognition/) - During the 1st year of his second presidency, Trump and his administration changed US science beyond recognition. Officials started instantly firing thousands of researchers and other government employees and cut billions of dollars of US support for global-health programmes, including dismantling the US Agency for International Development (USAID). They also arrested some scholars from outside
- [Practitioners of so-called alternative medicine who have been in UK honours lists](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/practitioners-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-who-have-been-in-uk-honours-lists/) - In the UK, honours for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) are relatively rare and unsurprisingly controversial. Recently, I reported that Robin Daly, has been awarded an MBE in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the field of integrative cancer care and his tireless work through 'Yes to Life'. Since the 2026 New Year's honours list is
- [Goodbye to the year of the Big Lie](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/goodbye-to-the-year-of-the-big-lie/) - This year's 'Christmas issue' of the BMJ comes with a remarkable editorial. Please allow me to quote a few passages from it: We live in a world of lies, damned lies, and AI hallucinations. A US publication calculated that Donald Trump told 30 573 lies during his first term as president. Trump is neither alone nor
- [Patient Satisfaction with Homeopathic vs. Conventional Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/patient-satisfaction-with-homeopathic-vs-conventional-medicine/) - Homeopathy is among the most popular kinds of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Patients have different opinions about homeopathy because there is still debate about its efficacy and scientific foundation, despite its popularity. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare homeopathic therapies to conventional medicine in terms of patient satisfaction for a range of
- [Seasonal Greeting To All](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/seasonal-greeting-to-all/) - Happy holidays and a healthy new year [avoiding all charlatanism]. Frohes Fest und ein gesundes Neues Jahr [unter Meidung von Scharlatanerie]. 节日快乐，祝新年健康 [远离虚假欺骗]. छुट्टियों की शुभकामनाएँ और एक स्वस्थ नया साल [पाखंड से बचते हुए]. Felices fiestas y un saludable año nuevo [evitando toda charlatanería]. عطلة سعيدة وسنة جديدة صحية [مع تجنب كل أشكال الدجل]
- [Anti-aging: the “tomorrowland of health”](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/anti-aging-the-tomorrowland-of-health/) - In my frantic ambition to stay young for ever (just kidding!), I came across an interesting article about the "longevity doctor" Mohammed Enayats who claims to have cut his biological age from 41 to 24, while plugging treatments at his Chelsea-based "futuristic health lounge HUM2N" Dr Enayat is said to be a "rockstar visionary" creating
- [CRANIOSACRAL THERAPY FOR PRETERM  NEONATES AND INFANTS: nonsensical research of nonsense does not make sense.](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/craniosacral-therapy-for-preterm-neonates-and-infants-nonsensical-research-of-nonsense-does-not-make-sense/) - This pilot study evaluates changes in sensorimotor responses in premature infants after receiving craniosacral therapy. The study included a total of 63 infants born between 28 and 31 weeks of gestation. These infants underwent three craniosacral therapy treatments during their hospitalization. The assessment used a sensorimotor reactivity scale to evaluate eye contact, response to two-point
- [Integrative Medicine Education for Medical Students? NO, IT'S NONSENSE!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/integrative-medicine-education-for-medical-students-no-its-nonsense/) - This paper reports a project aimed to develop and refine an integrative medicine (IM) elective to improve health education and learning, thereby enhancing future physicians’ knowledge, skills, and self-care practices. Three separate cohorts of third- and fourth-year medical students (n=18) participated in a four-week immersive IM elective. Weekly and post-elective evaluations were used to assess
- [MOST OSTEOPATHIC RCTs ARE OF POOR QUALITY AND THEIR FINDINGS ARE THUS UNRELIABLE](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/most-osteopathic-rcts-are-of-poor-quality-and-their-findings-are-thus-unreliable/) - The objective of this systematic review was to investigate trustworthiness, i.e. the methodological rigor, transparency, good governance, research integrity, and absence of misconduct, of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of osteopathic manual therapy. The team searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PEDro, ostmed.dr, and Chiroindex for RCTs evaluating osteopathic treatments (January 2021-June 2024). Risk of bias (RoB)
- [An elective course on HOMEOPATHY for pharmacy students?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/an-elective-course-on-homeopathy-for-pharmacy-students/) - The elective "Introduction to Homeopathic Medicines" at the University of the Pacific, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy was first offered in fall 2024. It is led by Professor of Pharmacy Practice Kate M. O’Dell, and has the aim of introducing future pharmacists to a category of products that is growing in popularity. As the
- [Osteopathic treatment of infants with infantile colic ... or: HOW TO CHEAT WITH SEEMINGLY RIGOROUS CLINICAL TRIALS](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/osteopathic-treatment-of-infants-with-infantile-colic-or-how-to-cheat-with-seemingly-rigorous-clinical-trials/) - Colic in infants causes excessive crying in an otherwise healthy and thriving baby. Colic is a common but poorly understood and often frustrating problem for caregivers. The objective of this trial was to study whether osteopathic treatments of infants with infantile colic / excessive crying (IC/EC) have an impact on the subjectively perceived psychological stress of
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. wins this year's Shkreli Award ](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/robert-f-kennedy-jr-wins-this-years-shkreli-award/) - It has been reported that HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. took the top spot in this year's Shkreli Awards from the Lown Institute. The annual awards call out greed and fraud in the healthcare industry. Lown Institute president Vikas Saini, MD, explained that the purpose of the awards is to call out "systemic problems" in which healthcare organizations
- [Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea? No!!!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/spinal-manipulation-for-primary-and-secondary-dysmenorrhoea-no/) - Dysmenorrhoea refers to the occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin and is a common gynaecological condition. The efficacy of medical treatments such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) or oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) is considerable. However the failure rate can still be as high as 20-25% and there are also a number of associated adverse
- [SAFFRON, a wonder-drug?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/saffron-a-wonder-drug/) - In my last post, I claimed that the evidence for saffron was surprisingly positive. This statement demands further explanations. Saffron contains crocetin, an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron. Crocetin is said to have a wide range of effects, e.g. cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties. The more important
- [The Effects of a Saffron on Mood and General Wellbeing in Adults Experiencing Low Mood](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/the-effects-of-a-saffron-on-mood-and-general-wellbeing-in-adults-experiencing-low-mood/) - Saffron, the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., has been used extensively in traditional herbal medicine. Since several years, the research interest in this plant is intense. Thus numerous clinical trials of saffron supplements (in contrast to the spice, supplements are affordable [they use different parts of the plant]) have been published. Almost all of them
- [Alkaline diet, a diet to die for!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/alkaline-diet-a-diet-to-die-for/) - The alkaline diet is based on the disproven belief that shifting the body’s acidity levels can cure diseases or "detoxify" the body. It is often claimed to offer a cure for a range of conditions, e.g.: Cancer Heart disease Low energy levels Rheumatoid arthritis Osteoarthritis The diet is also promoted to prevent diseases such as:
- [The association between health anxiety and visits to SCAM providers](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/the-association-between-health-anxiety-and-visits-to-scam-providers/) - Reassurance-seeking behaviour as a symptom of health anxiety (HA) is proposed as one important reason for healthcare use in conventional healthcare. However, we know little about the association between HA and traditional and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), especially for provider visits. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the association between HA
- [Which ADHD interventions are effective? An umbrella review](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/which-adhd-interventions-are-effective-an-umbrella-review/) - This umbrella review assessed the effects of and related evidence certainty of interventions for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across an individual’s lifespan, and to develop a continuously updated web platform for people with lived experience of ADHD as a method to disseminate living evidence synthesis for shared decision making. Six databases were searched from inception
- [The shady love affair between Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the Chiropractic Profession](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/the-shady-love-affair-between-robert-f-kennedy-jr-and-the-chiropractic-profession/) - The connections between Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (RFK Jr.), his "Make America Healthy Again" (MAHA) cult, and the US chiropractic profession are complex and worrying. Chiropractors' support for RFK Jr. The shady love affair had started long before RFK Jr. decided to join Trump. While Kennedy conducted his anti-vaccine campaign before running for president, chiropractors
- ["Homeopathy addresses anemia’s complexities with finesse"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/homeopathy-addresses-anemias-complexities-with-finesse/) - Anemia is a medical condition where the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the body's tissues and organs is reduced. This is usually due to one of three reasons: Low Number of Red Blood Cells: The body is not producing enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs) or loosing them in large amounts. Low
- [Acupuncture for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder? No, definitely no!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/acupuncture-for-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder-no-definitely-no/) - Acupuncture is considered an effective complementary therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD), yet current findings remain inconsistent, and its overall quality is uncertain. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the existing evidence on acupuncture for MDD, providing an overview of the current research, identifying gaps and limitations in the literature, and offering guidance for future research.
- [Homeopathy in chronic disease management: a "critical" review of the evidence](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/homeopathy-in-chronic-disease-management-a-critica-review-of-the-evidence/) - The literature of homeopathy is littered with papers that are weirdly hilarious. A recent example of this genre is an article by Indian authors published in the 'INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE' entitled Homeopathy in chronic disease management: a critical review of the evidence. Here is its abstract: Homeopathy remains one of the
- [The demolition of US public health continues: the new deputy director of the CDC prefers "natural immunity" to vaccines](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/the-demolition-of-us-public-health-continues-new-deputy-director-of-the-cdc-prefers-natural-immunity-to-vaccines/) - It has been reported that, under the ardent anti-vax Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has named Lousiana Surgeon General Ralph Abraham as its new principal deputy director. His track record speaks fro itself: Under Abraham’s leadership, the Louisiana health department waited months to inform residents about a
- [Acute Spinal Epidural Hematoma: A Serious Complication of Chiropractic Therapy](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/acute-spinal-epidural-hematoma-a-serious-complication-of-chiropractic-therapy/) - Spinal epidural hematoma is a rare but potentially devastating condition that can result in permanent neurologic deficits if not diagnosed promptly. This case report presents a 48-year-old female patient with a medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus, renal transplantation, and hypertension who developed spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) after chiropractic manipulation, leading to acute quadriplegia. She
- [A change of mind: The German Green Party is now against the reimbursement of homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2025/12/a-change-of-mind-the-german-green-party-is-now-against-the-reimbursement-of-homeopathy/) - It is a long time ago; I guess some 25 years. I had received an invitation by the German Green Party to give a lecture in Hannover on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). As I wanted to re-visit Hannover (I had lived there for 2 happy years), I accepted. Little had I foreseen that the Greens
- [Effect of Bach flower therapy in mothers of premature newborns](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/effect-of-bach-flower-therapy-in-mothers-of-premature-newborns/) - The aim of this randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to analyze the effect of using Bach's emergency compound, Five-Flower essence, on the stress level of mothers with premature newborns. The study was conducted with 117 postpartum women. They were divided into intervention (with five-flower) and control groups. Their children were admitted to a Maternity
- [Non-pharmacological and non-surgical treatments for low back pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane reviews](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/non-pharmacological-and-non-surgical-treatments-for-low-back-pain-in-adults-an-overview-of-cochrane-reviews/) - Low back pain (LBP) is a significant public health issue due to its high prevalence and associated disability burden. Clinical practice guidelines recommend non-pharmacological/non-surgical interventions for managing pain and function in people with LBP. This overview of Cochrane review is aimed ato providing accessible, high-quality evidence on the effects of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions for
- [The Effects of Taekwondo Versus Tai Chi on Health Status](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/the-effects-of-taekwondo-versus-tai-chi-on-health-status/) - Taekwondo (TKD) and Tai Chi (TC) are promoted for enhancing the health of older people, yet few studies have compared their effects across multiple domains. This study aimed to compare the effects of TKD versus TC on health status in independent older women. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel groups: TKD (n
- [Six reasons why poorly designed clinical trials are unethical and/or dangerous](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/six-reasons-why-poorly-designed-clinical-trials-are-unethical-and-or-dangerous/) - Clinical trials of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) - and of course other treatments as well - are often poorly designed. If you don't believe me, read some of my pervious posts; I have written about this more regularly than about any other subject. Such trials are not a mere nuisance but they violate fundamental ethical
- [Finally! The long-awaited 'retraction notice' of the infamous study by Frass et al (on homeopathy for cancer) has been published](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/finally-the-long-awaited-retraction-notice-of-the-infamous-study-by-frass-et-al-on-homeopathy-for-cancer-has-been-published/) - Many of you will remember the multiple posts on this blog about this study and about the fact that Frass himself has stated that his dubious 'homeopathy for cancer study' will be retracted. At the time, our resident defender of the indefensible (pseudonym 'sandbox') commented (as almost aways incorrectly) as follows: 1. Ernst attempted to
- [The Nuremberg Code: is it being followed by researchers of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/the-nuremberg-code-is-it-being-followed-by-researchers-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - In the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial of 1946/47, some of the Nazi doctors who had committed crimes against humanity were prosecuted and sentenced. The trial has a historical significance far beyond its original remit. It established the influential “Nuremberg Code”, a set of ethical principles for human experimentation, emphasizing ethical imperatives to avoid harm to patients
- [A placebo-controlled, randomized trial confirms: REIKI IS BOGUS!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/a-placebo-controlled-randomized-trial-confirms-reiki-is-bogus/) - Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent chronic pain condition that significantly impairs quality of life and is often treated with interventions that carry risks or provide limited relief. Reiki, a non-invasive complementary therapy, is sometimes used for pain management but lacks rigorous evaluation among American adults with KOA. This placebo-controlled, randomized trial evaluated the specific efficacy
- [CDC: The claim "vaccines do not cause autism" is not evidence-based!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/cdc-the-claim-vaccines-do-not-cause-autism-is-not-evidence-based/) - Two days ago, the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) published an announcement; here are its 'key points': The claim "vaccines do not cause autism" is not an evidence-based claim because studies have not ruled out the possibility that infant vaccines cause autism. Studies supporting a link have been ignored by health authorities. HHS has
- ['Aroma shiatsu' for enhancing cognitive function?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/aroma-shiatsu-for-enhancing-cognitive-function/) - The effects of aroma shiatsu massage therapy on cognitive function have not been previously investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of aroma shiatsu massage therapy on cognitive function in adolescents aged 17 to 19 years. A total of 100 healthy adolescents were allocated into study group (SG) (n=50) and
- [COMIC RELIEF: "The Principle of Homeopathy"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/comic-relief-the-principle-of-homeopathy/) - Every now and then, I come across a paper that stuns me - not because it is so brilliant (scientific articles are supposed to be brilliant) but because of other qualities. Here is a truly impressive example entitled "The Principle of Homeopathy" This is its abstract [I have not changed a word]: Homeopathy is based
- [A Study of Homeopathy for Reducing Anxiety Symptoms ... just increased my anxiety significantly](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/a-study-of-homeopathy-for-reducing-anxiety-symptoms-just-increased-my-anxiety-significantly/) - Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, often impairing daily functioning, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Conventional pharmacotherapy can be associated with side effects, prompting interest in alternative treatments such as homeopathy. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of individualized homeopathic remedies in reducing anxiety symptoms compared to placebo. Eighty
- [Effectiveness of Dry Cupping Therapy for Women with MS](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/effectiveness-of-dry-cupping-therapy-for-women-with-ms/) - Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It can cause severe psychological problems and reduce their Quality of Life (QOL). Cupping therapy is known as a method of alternative medicine that can be used to treat or reduce patient symptoms. Thus, this randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine
- ["Hallucination", the phenomenon of AI-generated, plausible-sounding misinformation](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/hallucination-the-phenomenon-of-ai-generated-plausible-sounding-misinformation/) - Large language models (LLMs) can generate false facts, often referred to as "hallucinations". The technique is often used for generating, plausible-sounding, but completely fabricated references in scientific papers. Apparently, it is happening at an alarmingly high rate. One study revealed that ~ 47% of references generated by LLMs like ChatGPT, were completely made up, and
- [What factors might delay aging?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/what-factors-might-delay-aging/) - Aging trajectories are influenced by modifiable risk factors, and prior evidence has hinted that mult-ilingualism may have protective potential. However, reliance on suboptimal health markers, small samples, inadequate confounder control and a focus on clinical cohorts led to mixed findings and limited applicability to healthy populations. With this analysis, researchers developed biobehavioral age gaps, quantifying
- [Joe Dispenza and his "landmark" study of "Dr Joe’s Week Long Retreat"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/joe-dispenza-and-his-landmark-study-of-dr-joes-week-long-retreat/) - Mind-body interventions offer promising avenues for improving physical and mental health, yet the comprehensive biological effects of increasingly popular mind-body retreat interventions remain poorly understood. The neural and molecular effects of a 7-day retreat intervention combining meditation, reconceptualization, and open-label placebo healing rituals are investigated in an observational study on 20 healthy human participants randomly
- [Osteopathic manipulative treatment in the management of headaches associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/osteopathic-manipulative-treatment-in-the-management-of-headaches-associated-with-musculoskeletal-dysfunction/) - The aim of this paper was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for managing headaches associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction and to assess the associated harm outcomes.In September 2023, the following databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult patients with headaches associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction who were treated with
- [The safety and effectiveness of immunizations against Covid-19, RSV, and influenza](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/the-safety-and-effectiveness-of-immunizations-against-covid-19-rsv-and-influenza/) - Changes in the vaccine advisory process in the United States have disrupted immunization guidance, which reinforces the need for independent evidence review to inform decisions regarding immunization for respiratory viruses during the 2025-2026 season. The researchers conducted a systematic review of U.S.-licensed immunizations against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza. They
- [Another Walach paper has been retracted!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/another-walach-paper-has-been-retracted/) - Yet another study by Harald Walach et al on the placebo effect has been retracted. The objective of the paper was to determine what contributes to the size of the placebo effect in clinical drug trials by meta-regressions of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. The authors identified 5 diseases where data on the rates of NT were available
- [The end of a long and shameful debacle: Prof Michael Frass' infamous cancer study will be retracted](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/the-end-of-a-long-and-shameful-debacle-prof-michael-frass-infamous-cancer-study-will-be-retracted/) - In November 2020, Frass et al published the study that prompted much confusion and concern. Its conclusions were as follows: QoL improved significantly in the homeopathy group compared with placebo. In addition, survival was significantly longer in the homeopathy group versus placebo and control. A higher QoL might have contributed to the prolonged survival. The
- [Qigong for Well-Being in Pregnancy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/qigong-for-well-being-in-pregnancy/) - Qigong, a traditional Chinese mind–body exercise, is believed to promote physical and mental well-being during pregnancy. This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of qigong on anxiety, stress, and exercise self-efficacy in pregnant women. It included pregnant women in their second trimester attending prenatal education classes at Baskent University and Alaaddin
- [The urgently needed reformation of science publishing](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/the-urgently-needed-reformation-of-science-publishing/) - Much of my blog is dedicated to poor research of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) conducted by biased researchers, published in lousy journals, edited by careless editors and reviewed by irresponsible reviewers. I have warned many times that this practice is polluting the medical literature with devastating consequences. Over the years, this problem has sharply increased
- [Traditional medicine and its contributions to science, health equity and  sustainability](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/traditional-medicine-and-its-contributions-to-science-health-equity-and-sustainability/) - The 'Bull World Health Organ' has just published a theme issue on 'Traditional Medicine'. Here are some extracts from the accompanying editorial that I thought were remarkable: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) new Global traditional medicine strategy 2025–2034 aims to advance the contribution of evidence-based traditional, complementary and integrative medicine to the highest attainable standard
- [A Gong for Robin Daly, founder of 'YES TO LIFE'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/robin-daly-and-yes-to-life/) - As I am not an avid reader of the UK honours lists, I totally missed the fact that Robin Daly has been awarded an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) in the 2025 New Year Honours list. The honour was for his outstanding contributions to the field of integrative cancer care as
- [My position on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/my-position-on-alternative-and-complementary-medicine/) - I asked AI about my position on alternative and complementary medicine (CAM). Not that I don't know it, but I was interested in the public perception of it. I used the term CAM because it is better known that "so-called alternative medicine" (SCAM), the term I mostly use these days. Here is what AI replied:
- [Reiki for postmenopausal symptoms? No, thanks!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/reiki-for-postmenopausal-symptoms-no-thanks/) - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Reiki applied to women in the postmenopausal period on menopausal symptoms and depression levels. This randomized trial was conducted with postmenopausal women registered in a family health center. The sample of the study consisted of 82 women (Reiki=41, control=41). While four sessions of Reiki
- [Two jabs and seven questions](https://edzardernst.com/2025/11/two-jabs-and-seven-questions/) - I am not in the habit of using my blog for telling personal anecdotes, but today I make an exception. I just got both my flu and my COVID jabs. For this, I had made an appointment at my GP surgery, arrived in time and swiftly received the flu vaccination from a nurse. For the
- [Nigel Farage’s 'Reform UK' has received the 'RUSTY RAZOR' for the “most prolific promotion of pseudoscience”](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/nigel-farages-reform-uk-has-received-the-rusty-razor-for-the-most-prolific-promotion-of-pseudoscience/) - It has been reported that Nigel Farage’s 'Reform UK' has received an award for being the organisation that engaged in the “most prolific promotion of pseudoscience” during 2025. Each year the UK’s The Skeptic magazine, names their pseudoscientist of the year, and awards them the 'Rusty Razor' prize. This year it went to Reform UK in recognition
- [A Brazilian cow with cancer cured by homeopathy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/a-brazilian-cow-with-cancer-cured-by-homeopathy/) - This case report recounts the story of a cow in Brazil diagnosed with Mixed Apocrine Carcinoma. The authors from the Department of Research, Idis Lamasson Institute, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil reported that "the mass grew suddenly and then V.a homeopathic therapy by Injectcenter- Brazil was administered three times a week intramuscular close to the lesion with
- [Homoeopathy as a Complementary Approach to Migraine Management? No, thanks!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/homoeopathy-as-a-complementary-approach-to-migraine-management/) - Migraine affects more than 3 billion people worldwide, impacting mental, social, and economic well-being. Despite a wide range of pharmacological treatments, many patients experience limited relief or adverse effects, prompting interest in integrative approaches such as homoeopathy. This scoping review aimed to systematically explore and map the existing evidence on the role of homoeopathy in the
- [What's all this hooha about 'anti-nutrients'?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/whats-all-this-hooha-about-anti-nutrients/) - 'Anti-nutrients' (ANs) are compounds found primarily in plant-based foods that interfere with the absorption and utilization of certain nutrients. Essentially, thet consitute a plant's defense mechanism against predators. ANs include a range of compounds. Phytates (Phytic Acid): Found in whole grains, seeds, nuts, and legumes. They can bind to minerals like iron, zinc, magnesium calcium
- [Finally a treatment that works for chronic low back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/finally-a-treatment-that-works-for-chronic-low-back-pain/) - Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects over half a billion people worldwide. Current pharmacologic treatments offer limited efficacy and carry substantial risks, warranting the development of safe and effective alternatives. This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the herbal extract VER-01 in CLBP. It enrolled 820 adults with CLBP
- [Six reasons why consumers believe in misinformation about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/six-reasons-why-consumers-believe-in-misinformation-about-so-called-medicine-scam/) - This post is inspired by an article by Michael Miller entitled '6 Reasons Why People Believe Health Misinformation' published recently in PSYCHOLOGY TODAY. Miller identified the following reasons: Reasons 1 and 2: Mistrust of Experts and Personal Autonomy Reason 3: Misinformation Makes Money (and Advances Other Agendas) Reason 4: Misinformation Sounds Like It’s True Reasons 5
- [Impact of 'biofield energy' treatment on broiler chicken growth performance, feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, and meat quality](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/impact-of-biofield-energy-treatment-on-broiler-chicken-growth-performance-feed-efficiency-carcass-characteristics-and-meat-quality/) - Have you heard about the "Trivedi Effect"? No? Let me tell you all about it. This study aimed to compare the growth, meat quality, nutrition, consumer preference, and shelf life of biofield-treated birds with those of the unblessed/untreated control (UBCONG). Commercial genotypes (Cobb 430Y) of white broiler eggs/chicks were used. The eggs were split into
- [Why are SKEPTICS not more popular, and what could be done about it?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/why-are-skeptics-not-more-popular-and-what-could-be-done-about-it/) - Skeptics are people who apply reason and critical thinking to evaluate claims and who advocate to rely on sound evidence, while resisting pseudoscience, superstition, and misinformation. Some of the outstanding qualities of a skeptic include: Critical thinking → Actively questioning claims, arguments, and evidence. Scientific mindset → Using the scientific method as the most appropriate
- [Gua Sha therapy for chronic nonspecific low back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/gua-sha-therapy-for-chronic-nonspecific-low-back-pain/) - Gua Sha is a form of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that I have reoprted about before, e.g.: Gua sha: who cares how it works, when it is unproven that it works? Gua sha, a reasonable therapy? Gua Sha: torture or treatment? Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) is associated with thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) dysfunction. However,
- [Misinformation in YouTube Videos About  Chiropractic Treatment for Otitis Media](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/misinformation-in-youtube-videos-about-chiropractic-treatment-for-otitis-media/) - This study analyzed the prevalence and characteristics of misinformation in YouTube videos about chiropractic treatment for otitis media (OM). YouTube was searched in January 2023 (Incognito mode, US region) using the terms “chiropractic treatment for otitis media”, “chiropractic ear infection”, and “chiropractic ear problems”. The first 50 English-language videos ranked by relevance were evaluated. Two
- [Has King Charles' support for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) ceased?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/has-king-charles-support-for-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-ceased/) - While still Prince of Wales, Charles was once asked if his campaigning for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) would continue once he became king. His answer was unusually clear: "No, it won't. I'm not that stupid." Now that he has been king for three years, it seems reasonable to review his activities in SCAM during this
- [An unbelievable chronology: our criticism of the homeopathy study by Frass et al](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/an-unbelievable-chronology-our-criticism-of-the-homeopathy-study-by-frass-et-al/) - Guest post by Viktor Weisshäupl In 2020, Michael Frass (then of the Medical University of Vienna) et al published a study that reported homeopathy to be effective for lung cancer: Homeopathic Treatment as an Add-On Therapy May Improve Quality of Life and Prolong Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled,
- [Adherence to Prophylactic Use of Homeopathic Arsenicum album 30C during the COVID pandemic in India](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/adherence-to-prophylactic-use-of-homeopathic-arsenicum-album-30c-during-the-covid-pandemic-in-india/) - The Indian government, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, initiated campaigns to use complementary therapies for its prevention and control, such as large-scale distribution of the homeopathic medicine, Arsenicum album 30C, as potential prophylactic for COVID-19. This study estimated the individual adherence to using this homeopathic prophylactic within the Indian urban population. A
- ["Copper Pendulum Therapy" for stage 4 metastatic cancer!  ... ... ... WHATEVER NEXT?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/copper-pendulum-therapy-for-stage-4-metastatic-cancer-whatever-next/) - Indian researchers presented the case of a 52‑year‑old female patient diagnosed with Stage 4 metastatic cancer involving the lungs and bone marrow, confirmed by PET‑CT. Baseline symptoms included severe chest pain with heaviness, pain in the right parietal region, breathlessness, loss of appetite, weakness, and haemoglobin (Hb) of 6 g/dL. The patient underwent three to
- [The satyrical Master Kackadoris Prize 2025 has been awarded to the Executive Board of the Free University Amsterdam. And this is why!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/the-satirical-master-kackadoris-prize-2025-has-been-awarded-to-the-executive-board-of-the-free-university-amsterdam-and-this-is-why/) - Guest post by Catherine de Jong About the Master Kackadorisprize The Master Kackadorisprize is awarded annually, this year for the 23rd time, by the Dutch Association against Quackery (Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij, VtdK, www.kwakzalverij.nl) to a person or institution that promotes quackery. It is emphatically not about quack practitioners themselves, but about persons and institutions
- [Some simple, descriptive and revealing statistics on the Nobel Prize](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/some-simple-descriptive-and-revealing-statistics-on-the-nobel-prize/) - We all have heard a lot about this year's Nobel Prizes, I'm sure. One claim that I came across regularly is the notion that the US are the leading nation in Nobel awards. And for once, it's not even fake news. Here is the list of the 10 leading countries : Rank - Country -
- [Helene M. Langevin announced her retirement as director of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/helene-m-langevin-announced-her-retirement-as-director-of-the-national-center-for-complementary-and-integrative-health-nccih/) - Helene M. Langevin recently announced her retirement as director of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Here are some excerpts from her announcement: After seven years as director of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), I will be retiring from my position on November 30, 2025. I am immensely
- [Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Low Back Pain and Opioid Use Disorder](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/spinal-manipulative-therapy-for-low-back-pain-and-opioid-use-disorder/) - Patients receiving spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for low back pain (LBP) are less likely to be prescribed opioids. However, the clinical implications of this finding are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that opioid-naïve adults receiving SMT for LBP are less likely to develop opioid use disorder (OUD) compared to matched controls prescribed ibuprofen over
- [Circumcision and autism: Robert F, Kennedy Jr. just volunteered more proof of his extreme incompetence](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/circumcision-and-autism-robert-f-kennedy-jr-just-volunteered-more-proof-of-his-extreme-incompetence/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has stated that circumcised boys have double the rate of autism. He thus suggested this is "highly likely" because they are given Tylenol for pain after the procedure. His claim references this 2015 study published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine: Objective: Based on converging observations in animal, clinical
- ["It’s our duty to warn the nation about RFK Jr."](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/its-our-duty-to-warn-the-nation-about-rfk-jr/) - I have repeatedly warned about the immense damage that RFKJr. is currently inflicting on public health in the U.S. and beyond (most recently here). Recently, I have been joined by prominent and authorative experts. Six former U.S. Surgeons General from both Republican and Democratic administrations authored a joint article warning that the actions and policies of
- [Nobel Prize for 3 scientists who discovered that "Regulatory T cells are the immune system's 'security guards' that prevent immune cells from attacking our own body"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/nobel-prize-for-3-scientists-who-discovered-that-regulatory-t-cells-are-the-immune-systems-security-guards-that-prevent-immune-cells-from-attacking-our-own-body/) - The Japanese physician and immunologist Shimon Sakaguchi, the American immunologist Fred Ramsdell and the American molecular biologist Mary Brunkow have been awarded this year's Nobel Prize in Medicine. The work of the three researchers has completely changed our understanding of the immune system. The three scientists were honoured for their discoveries in the field of
- [Americans must urgently become aware that RFKJr is an imbecile who puts their well-being, health and lives at risk](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/americans-must-urgently-become-aware-that-rfkjr-is-an-imbecile-who-puts-their-well-being-health-and-lives-at-risk/) - "Let me look right into the camera and tell you very clearly: Republicans are the ones concerned about healthcare. Republicans are the party working around the clock everyday to fix healthcare. This is not talking points for us: we've done it." Mike Johnson, Speaker of the US House of Representatives. Consider the following and tell
- [The characteristics and essence of meridians and acupoints (or: How the 'Flat Earth Society' can demonstrate that our planet has the shape of a disc)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/the-characteristics-and-essence-of-meridians-and-acupoints-or-how-the-flat-earth-society-can-demonstrate-that-our-planet-has-the-shape-of-a-disc/) - This study summarizes and discusses the characteristics and essence of meridians and acupoints from the perspectives of physics, chemistry and biology. An extensive body of literature from PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure was reviewed and categorized into three distinct groups: physical characteristics-related research (75 articles), which examined electrical, thermal, optical, acoustic and magnetic
- [Homeopathic Consultations in an Integrative Care Day Hospital for Oncology Outpatients](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/homeopathic-consultations-in-an-integrative-care-day-hospital-for-oncology-outpatients/) - While numerous studies have examined the efficacy of homeopathic treatments, very few have explored patients' experiences during these consultations. The objective of this study was to analyze and understand how patients perceive this period of care, through a qualitative study conducted at the Integrative Care Day Hospital for oncology outpatients at Toussaint Hospital in Strasbourg,
- [Interactions Between Nutritional Supplements and Prescription Drugs Put Millions at Risk](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/interactions-between-nutritional-supplements-and-prescription-drugs-put-millions-at-risk/) - The global aging population faces increasing risks of supplement-drug interactions due to rising polypharmacy and widespread use of nutritional supplements. Older adults, particularly those with chronic conditions, frequently combine prescription medications with dietary supplements, yet healthcare providers often overlook these interactions, leading to preventable adverse effects. This review synthesized evidence from 16 international studies spanning
- [Shingles vaccination is associated with a powerful reduction of the risk of dementia](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/shingles-vaccination-is-associated-with-a-powerful-reduction-of-the-risk-of-dementia/) - Shingles or herpes zoster (HZ) is a neurotropic virus that causes a painful and hard to treat illness. Evidence is accumulating that HZ vaccinations might lower the risk of dementia. This effect is surprising but well-documented; here are 3 recent meta-analyses: 1st meta-analysis An international team of scientists aimed to evaluate the association of HZ
- [Have you heard about the 'MED BEDS' SCAM? No, but Trump and his fans have!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/10/have-you-heard-about-the-med-beds-scam-no-but-trump-and-his-fans-have/) - “Med beds” (short for “medical beds”) are a so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that are claimed to cure every ailment and even regenerte amputated limbs. Med beds are said to be secret — held by military, powerful elites, or even using alien technology. Only the rich or well-connected have them. The med bed conspiracy theory spread
- [For a tolerant world where rational thinking and kindness prevail](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/for-a-tolerant-world-where-rational-thinking-and-kindness-prevail/) - To my surprise (and delight), I have been asked to become a patron of the Humanists UK Patron: Professor Edzard Ernst. I am not someone who easily joins clubs, groups or organisations. Yet, I accepted this invitation without hesitation. This Humanists UK state about themselves this: Think for yourself, act for everyone At Humanists UK,
- [It seems to me that Dr. Mehmet Oz is breaking the law!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/it-seems-to-me-that-dr-mehmet-oz-is-breaking-the-law/) - Mehmet Oz has featured regularly on this blog, e.g.: Donald Trump nominated SCAM promoter, Mehmet Oz, to lead the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Columbia University cut ties with Dr. Mehmet Oz … or did they? Quackery promoter, Dr. Mehmet Oz, is running for the U.S. Senate Trump, Kennedy and Oz just announced
- [The 'Acetaminophen Debacle': Trump and RFKJr have blood on their hands ... and here is why](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/the-acetaminophen-debacle-trump-and-rfkjr-have-blood-on-their-hands-and-here-is-why/) - Consider the case of a women who is 3 months pregnant and develops a high and persistent fever (by no means a rare event). Her doctor diagnoses a strep throat and treats her with antibiotics. For lowering her temperature, he would normally have advised paracetamol (acetaminophen). After this was pronounced prohibitively dangerous, he has 3
- [Is the age of unreason upon us?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/is-the-age-of-unreason-is-upon-us/) - For many years, I have fought aginst the looming age of unreason in healthcare. Now it seems more and more clear to me that the age of unreason is upon us - not merely in the realm of healthcare but in all spheres of life. The world's foremost conman tells the UN assembly that climate
- [How do homeopaths and chiropractors navigate patient requests for vaccination information?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/how-do-homeopaths-and-chiropractors-navigate-patient-requests-for-vaccination-information/) - Chiropractors and homeopaths are trusted sources of health information for many Canadians, including around vaccination. However, within Ontario, Canada, the College of Chiropractors of Ontario and the College of Homeopaths of Ontario regulations state that vaccines are not within their scope of practice and providers should not express views, treat, or advise patients with respect
- [Aseem Malhotra: "justice for those who have suffered unnecessarily from an mRNA jab"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/aseem-malhotra-justice-for-those-who-have-suffered-unnecessarily-from-an-mrna-jab/) - Doctor Aseem Malhotra has featured on this blog several times before, e.g.: The ‘Good Law Project’ is supporting a doctor who is suing the GMC over their failure to investigate whether Aseem Malhotra has breached standards UK Cardiologist Dr. Aseem Malhotra receives a well-deserved award Dr Aseem Malhotra and Dr Steven James: candour and complacency Recently, he has
- [A new study of agrohomeopathy - will it change the hitherto negative evidence?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/a-new-study-of-agrohomeopathy-will-it-change-the-hitherto-negative-evidence/) - The use of homeopathy in agriculture is called 'agrohomeopathy'. Apparently, it is popular! Advocates believe that they can treat or prevent diseases of plants by applying homeopathic preparations. When I last looked, there was no sound evidence to support this notion, of course. Recently, a new study of agrohomeopathy was published - will it change
- [Trump, Kennedy and Oz just announced plenty of untruths about autism and its treatment](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/trump-kennedy-and-oz-just-announced-plenty-of-untruths-about-autism-and-its-treatment/) - As predicted in my post yesterday, Donald Trump, Mehmet Oz and Robert F Kennedy Jr made an announcement on Monday at the White House, advising pregnant women to avoid taking paracetamol and claiming that it heightens the risk of autism. As pointed out in yesterday's post, this assertion is not based on reliable evidence. Specifically,
- [Donald Trump will today disclose the "true" cause of autism - if you don't want to wait, read this](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/donald-trump-will-today-disclose-the-true-cause-of-autism-if-you-dont-want-to-wait-read-this/) - Trump said it more than once, for instance here, that on Monday [today] he will announce the true cause of autism: "I think we found an answer to autism. How about that? Autism. Tomorrow, we’re going to be talking in the Oval Office and the White House about autism, how it happens, so we won’t
- [Iridology for Detecting Abnormalities in the Female Reproductive System? ... HEAVENS NO!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/iridology-for-detecting-abnormalities-in-the-female-reproductive-system-heavens-no/) - Iridology is an assessment technique that involves examining the iris allegedly to identify potential pathological disorders. Despite being practised for centuries, the effectiveness of iris diagnosis as a diagnostic tool remains doubtful, primarily due to limited empirical evidence supporting its claims. Thus, there is a need for scientific studies to test the efficacy of iridology
- [The EU approved COVID-19 vaccines with "ZERO safety checks"! - True or false?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/the-eu-approved-covid-19-vaccines-with-zero-safety-checks-true-or-false/) - Since about two days, social media are awash with statements claiming that the EU approved COVID-19 vaccines with zero or insufficient or incomplete safety checks. If true, this would be most concerning. But is it? The European Medicines Agency (EMA), which is responsible for evaluating and authorizing medicines in the EU, has stated that all
- [The US surgeon general nominee, Casey Means, is a 'snake-oil saleswoman'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/the-us-surgeon-general-nominee-casey-means-is-a-snake-oil-saleswoman/) - It has been reported that the US surgeon general nominee, Casey Means, earned hundreds of thousands of dollars promoting supplements and other health and wellness products, details likely to invite new scrutiny about potential conflicts of interest for the author and entrepreneur. Means, a close ally of health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and the
- [What is Andrew Wakefield up to these days?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/what-is-andrew-wakefield-up-to-these-days/) - I have written about the ex-doctor Wakefield several times before, e.g.: Ex-doctor Andrew Wakefield: “Better to die as a free man than live as a slave” (and get vaccinated against Covid-19) Andrew Wakefield, Donald Trump, SCAM, and the anti-vaccination cult Thanks a bunch, Wakefield & Co: outbreaks of measles are confirmed across England. Knowing that
- [How to cheat with seemingly rigorous research. PART 2: PLACEBO](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/how-to-cheat-with-seemingly-rigorous-research-part-2-placebo/) - In PART 2 of this series, I will try to explain (yet again) why we need to control for placebo effects, if we want to determine whether a treatment works or not. You are ill, consult a doctor who gives you a treatment, and a little while later, you feel better. It is tempting to
- [WELEDA will re-investigate its Nazi past.](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/weleda-will-re-investigate-its-nazi-past/) - Weleda is the anthroposophic firm, founded in 1921 by Ita Wegman, the lover of Rudolf Steiner, that produces anthroposophic and homeopathic remedies as well as cosmetic products. It has been reported that the company is to re-examine its Nazi-era history amid revelations that it benefited from gruesome human experiments in a Nazi concentration camp during the
- [Charlie Kirk on health-related matters: I regret his death,  but am not impressed with his wisdom](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/charlie-kirk-on-health-related-matters-i-regret-his-death-but-am-not-impressed-with-his-wisdom/) - The assassination of Charlie Kirk must be unreservedly condemned, and I would like to do this herewith. What followed this terrible event is, however, pathetic, to put it mildly. I am sure that, before the fatal shooting, most people - I included - did not know much about Charlie. I had to look up what
- [How to cheat with seemingly rigorous research. PART 1: INTRODUCTION](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/how-to-cheat-with-seemingly-rigorous-research-part-1-introduction/) - For lay people, it is never easy to interpret research studies. All too often, they report misleading results in such a way that it is not readily recognizable. As this is such a hugely important topic, I will (yet again) in a series of posts discuss the issue of how to cheat with seemingly rigorous
- [The "Henry Ford Health System Analysis": how RFKJr and his minions made themselves even more ridiculous](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/the-henry-ford-health-system-analysis-how-rfkjr-and-his-minions-made-themselves-even-more-ridiculous/) - Aaron Siri, the personal lawyer/adviser of Robert F. Kennedy Jr., recently presented to the US Senate the unpublished (and thus not peer-reviewed) "Henry Ford Health System Analysis". With a sample size of 18,468, the study is the largest vaccinated versus unvaccinated birth cohort study ever conducted in the US. Children were tracked from birth over
- [Emotional Freedom Technique for pain and depression in cancer patients?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/emotional-freedom-technique-for-pain-and-depression-in-cancer-patients/) - Cancer patients frequently experience both physical and psychological challenges, including chronic pain and depression. While conventional treatments primarily often rely on pharmacological interventions, complementary approaches such as the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) do not and are claimed to help alleviate both physical and psychological distress. This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effects of
- [Tai chi qigong versus intensity-matched exercise and usual care for fatigue of cancer survivors](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/tai-chi-qigong-versus-intensity-matched-exercise-and-usual-care-for-fatigue-of-cancer-survivors/) - Fatigue is often one of the most commonly reported symptoms in cancer survivors, but it is also one of the least understood cancer-related symptoms. Fatigue is associated with psychological distress, disruptions in sleep quality, and impairments in health-related quality of life. Thus, elective treatments for fatigue in older male cancer survivors represent a current unmet
- [Should SCAM for Animals be Considered Malpractice?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/should-scam-for-animals-be-considered-malpractice/) - On this blog, we have often discussed the question whether so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) should be used for animals, e.g.: Reiki in Companion Animals? So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for animals is not evidence-based and borders on animal abuse Veterinary homeopathy: why are farmers allowed to use a disproven therapy on defenceless animals? SCAM for animals.
- [Homeopathy for odontogenic infections?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/homeopathy-for-odontogenic-infections/) - Odontogenic infections are among the most common problems encountered in usual dental practice. The role and efficacy of complementary treatments such as individualized homeopathy are not well characterized. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 60 patients with uncomplicated odontogenic infections. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Individualized Homeopathy (IH, n=30) or Placebo (PL,
- [Distant Reiki for Health and  Wellbeing of Dogs - WHAT IS NEXT?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/distant-reiki-for-health-and-wellbeing-of-dogs-what-is-next/) - Reiki is a form of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that never ceases to surprise me. Recently I came across a truly weird study. Here is its abstract: Reiki is a biofield therapy currently used in hospitals worldwide. Scientific evidence supports its effectiveness in addressing many physical and emotional conditions in human patients. However, few studies currently
- [A letter of which not only RFKJr should take very careful note](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/a-letter-of-which-not-only-rfkjr-should-take-very-careful-note/) - On this blog, I have written about the blind vandalism of the US Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. many times before. It now amounts to nothing short of a worldwide health emergency! Nothing could describe this more persuasively than the 'letter of resignation'by Demetre C. Daskalakis. I take the liberty to re-publish excepts of it
- [Healing crystals: do they work beyond placebo?  ...  Short answer: No](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/healing-crystals-do-they-work-beyond-placebo-short-answer-no/) - This study investigated whether the perceived efficacy of healing crystals in reducing anxiety symptoms can be explained by classical conditioning mechanisms and belief-related cognitive biases, rather than genuine therapeutic effects. The aim was to disentangle placebo responses from true clinical outcomes in the context of pseudoscientific interventions. A sample of 138 adults from the general
- ["We need to stop trusting the experts": how US politics currently resemble those of the "Third Reich"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/09/we-need-to-stop-trusting-the-experts-how-us-politics-currently-resemble-those-of-the-third-reich/) - "We need to stop trusting the experts... trusting the experts is not a feature of science or democracy, it's a feature of religion and totalitarianism." This is what RFKJr recently stated. Apart from being phenomenally stupid, this statement is not very original either. The Nazi leadership - Hitler, Goebbels, and others - often liked to
- [Non- Physical Beings Assisting in Reiki Sessions: is this the most impressive BS of the year?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/non-physical-beings-assisting-in-reiki-sessions-is-this-the-most-impressive-bs-of-the-year/) - In the realm of so-called alternative medicine, one often comes across weird articles. Some are clearly weirder than others. This paper belongs into the former category. Here is its abstract: The belief in non- physical beings playing crucial roles in illness and healing is widespread across diverse cultures. Our previous study found reports of alleged
- [The hubris of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/the-hubris-of-robert-f-kennedy-jr/) - There is now an embarraassing amount of examples of RFKJr's behavior, actions and public statements that can only be described by using the term hubris: Despite his denials, Kennedy is a die hard vaccine sceptic as well as an anti-vaccine activist. He is spreading dangerous and deadly conspiracies, and his actions go repeatedly against the
- [Is Reiki effective for postmenopausal symptoms? No, I'm afraid not!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/is-reiki-effective-for-postmenopausal-symptoms-no-im-afraid-not/) - The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Reiki applied to women in the postmenopausal period on menopausal symptoms and depression levels. This randomized controlled study was conducted with postmenopausal women registered in a family health center. The sample of the study consisted of 82 women (Reiki=41, control=41). While four sessions of
- [Cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulation, exercise, and self-management for spinal pain](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/cost-effectiveness-of-spinal-manipulation-exercise-and-self-management-for-spinal-pain/) - The United States spends more money on the care of back and neck pain than any other health condition. Despite this, the cost-effectiveness for many recommended treatments is unclear. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), supervised exercise therapy (ET), and home exercise and advice (HEA)
- [Musculoskeletal manipulations in elderly population with musculoskeletal disorders](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/musculoskeletal-manipulations-in-elderly-population-with-musculoskeletal-disorders/) - This systematic review was aimed at evaluating if musculoskeletal manipulations (MMs), including osteopathic manipulation and chiropractic care, are effective to improve quality of life, pain intensity and function in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders. Randomised controlled trials, controlled non-randomised trials and open label trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of MM such as osteopathic manipulation,
- [Frank Ludow: the man who cured "full blown AIDS in 72 out of 72 patients"???](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/frank-ludow-the-man-who-cured-full-blown-aids-in-72-out-of-72-patients/) - On 15 August, I received an interesting e-mail. Here it is; I have not changed a word: Hi, I have developed a revolutionary antipathogenic treatment I have proof of a full reversal of AIDS and removal of HIV virus and antibodies to international testing standards. I have removed Viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, prionic, and mycobacterium
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. [and several of his colleagues] guilty of perjury?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/is-robert-f-kennedy-jr-and-several-of-his-colleagues-guilty-of-perjury/) - During his confirmation hearings to become the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in January 2025, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. made statements under oath that were later contradicted by his actions. For instance, he: Claimed he would not limit access to vaccines but later, he did in many ways the opposite. Denied being "anti-vaccine,"
- [Critical thinking ... [and a praise of gullibility]](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/critical-thinking-and-a-praise-of-gullibility/) - One of my aims with this blog is to further critical thinking. I am doing this now since well over a decade, it is therefore high time to ask: WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING? Critical thinking is the process of analyzing information with a view of forming an evidence-based and reliable judgment. Instead of accepting information at
- [Cognitive functional therapy for chronic low back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/cognitive-functional-therapy-for-chronic-low-back-pain-2/) - This study investigated the efficacy of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) versus a sham procedure for pain intensity and disability for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP). It is a randomised sham-controlled trial conducted in a primary care public health service. A total of 152 participants were randomly assigned to the CFT group (n=76) and
- [Should we be worried about Donald Trump and Adderall misuse?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/should-we-be-worried-about-donald-trump-and-adderall-misuse/) - Speculations about Donald Trump' long-term misuse of Adderall have been voiced many times in the past. Adderall is a prescription drug that combines two central nervous system stimulants: amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. It is primarily used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine.
- [Acute-Onset Dystonia Following Ashwagandha  Supplementation](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/acute-onset-dystonia-following-ashwagandha-supplementation/) - Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a widely hyped herbal panacea that we have discussed several times previously, e.g.: Ashwagandha, an Ayurvedic wonder herb? Are herbal remedies the answer to hair loss? Ayurvedic medicine in the management of hypertension: how to kill millions with quackery and bullshit Why does the BBC mislead the public on matters related
- [How to deal with trolls effectively](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/how-to-deal-with-trolls-effectively/) - On this blog, we constantly have our fair (and regrettable) share of trolls, i.e. persons who incessantly post untrue, offensive or provocative messages without meaningfully contributing to the debate. I am the first to admit that I am quite ineffective in dealing with such disturbances, distractions or annoyances (I should also mention that I find
- [Conspiracy beliefs and the preference for natural treatments in medical decision-making](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/conspiracy-beliefs-and-the-preference-for-natural-treatments-in-medical-decision-making/) - Naturalness bias—the tendency to prefer natural products over synthetic alternatives—is a widespread phenomenon in consumer and health decision-making. Despite the lack of a clear scientific definition, the label “natural” evokes strong intuitive associations with purity, safety, and moral value. These associations often overlap with conspiratorial thinking, particularly in contexts where synthetic medical treatments are portrayed
- [The evidence-base for Hahnemann’s ‘The Organon of the Healing Art’ (and matters arising from it)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/the-evidence-base-for-hahnemanns-the-organon-of-the-healing-art-and-matters-arising-from-it/) - Samuel Hahnemann’s ‘The Organon of the Healing Art’ is the homeopaths' 'BIBLE'. It contains all the necessary assumptions and instructions for their trade and is almost unanimously revered by homeopaths the world over. I have read this book several times (both in its original German as well as in its English translation) and must say
- [Science versus pseudoscience](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/science-versus-pseudoscience/) - I know, I have posted several times on this topic. As the subject is of such fundamental relevance to so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), I want to try yet again and explain the key characteristics that distinguish science from pseudoscience. The two often seem to use similar language and they often investe similar subjects. It can
- [Artificial Intelligence for Prescribing in Homeopathy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/artificial-intelligence-for-prescribing-in-homeopathy/) - It is not often that you find me laughing out loudly while reading a medical paper. This study, entitled "The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Acute Prescribing in Homeopathy: A Comparative Retrospective Study" achieves exactly that. Allow me to share its abstract with you: The use of artificial intelligence to assist in medical applications is
- [Patient suffers spinal bleed after chiropractor visit](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/patient-suffers-spinal-bleed-after-chiropractor-visit/) - A man aged 50 alleged that the medical care and treatment rendered to him by a chiropractor fell below the accepted standard at the time for the average qualified chiropractor. On Aug. 15, 2023, the defendant is said to have failed to elicit a proper medical history from the plaintiff, including current medications used. The
- [Is chiropractic a religion?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/is-chiropractic-a-religion/) - We have often discussed the fact that chiropractic does not offer an effective option of healthcare. This begs the question, if it's not healthcare, what is it? DD Palmer, the inventor of chiropractic, was tempted by the idea of turning it into a religion. In a way, this makes sense. As we all know, religions
- [Osteopathic manipulation for the prevention of cardiac  complications?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/osteopathic-manipulation-for-the-prevention-of-cardiac-complications/) - The aim of the present study entitled "Osteopathic manipulation as a complementary treatment for the prevention of cardiac complications: 12-Months follow-up of intima media and blood pressure on a cohort affected by hypertension" was to investigate the association between osteopathic treatment and hypertension. It was designed as a non-randomized trial including consecutive subjects affected by
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the HHS Secretary of the US: does he belong into a straight jacket?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/robert-f-kennedy-jr-the-hhs-secretary-of-the-us-does-he-belong-into-a-straight-jacket/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the HHS Secretary of the US, despite a long history of the contrary, now often pretends to be not against vaccinations. Yet, his recent actions depict an entirely different picture (if you read German, I have just summarised his vaccine-related deeds in an article for THE SPIEGEL). His latest in a
- [Skepticism versus denialism](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/skepticism-versus-denialism/) - Anyone who follows the comment sections of this blog will get the impression that those who presistently question or object to rationalists' views and interpretations see themselves as much as skeptics as the other side. Indeed, skepticism and denialism are often and easily confused: both can involve questioning established opinions, for instance. Yet, there are
- [And the award for the most spectacular 'quantum bollocks' goes to ...](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/and-the-award-for-the-most-spectacular-quamtum-bollocks-goes-to/) - In the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), one comes across plenty of bullshit (BS). However, rarely did I encounter BS as impressively pure as in the recent paper entitled: "Quantum Measurement and Quantum Simulation of the Human Biofield". As we all seem to be short of a few good laughs, I think this absract
- [How GWUP Lost the Plot – and Found It Again](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/how-gwup-lost-the-plot-and-found-it-again/) - Guest post by Nikil Mukerji In early January 2024, Edzard asked whether the German sceptics’ organisation GWUP had “lost the plot” (here and here). Yes, he said – and there was hardly any hope for it. Long celebrated for its rigorous defence of science and critical thinking, GWUP had been hijacked by ideologues, trading evidence
- [Chiropractic cannot be the treatment of choice for chronic low back pain](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/chiropractic-cannot-be-the-treatment-of-choice-for-chronic-low-back-pain/) - This multicentre pragmatic randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy, chiropractic care, and the combination of physiotherapy and chiropractic care compared with information and advice for the treatment of patients with nonspecific chronic low-back pain (CLBP) in Sweden. Eighty-eight participants with nonspecific CLBP were randomly assigned to receive physiotherapy, chiropractic care, combination treatment, or
- [A way of drastically reducing pollution](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/a-way-of-drastically-reducing-pollution/) - Today, I ask for your forgiveness for deviating completely from the subject of this blog: this post has nothing to do with so-called alternative medicine (but quite a bit with health and survival). Perhaps you find it important nonetheless. I have been a pacifist all my life, and the persistence of wars across the world
- [My conflicts of interest revisited](https://edzardernst.com/2025/08/my-conflicts-of-interest/) - I just received an interesting comment by someone who hides behind the name SANDBOX: Technically, your Springer books should have been peer-reviewed, and you should have declared your conflicts of interest with CSI(COP), Sense About Science, GWUP, Science Media Centre, and other pseudoskepticist activist organizations. Failure to do so constitutes a violation of the code
- [The long and painful story about my new book](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-long-and-painful-story-about-my-new-book/) - The story of how my new book came to get published is long and tedious - too long and tedious to be told here in full. Let me therefore try to give you just a very brief summary: The 'Apotheken Umschau' is a journal with a circulation of 6m in Germany. As it has a
- [The 'mimicry theory of homeopathy'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-mimicry-theory-of-homeopathy/) - Mimicry theory refers to the idea that individuals or groups imitate (mimic) others, usually to achieve specific goals or outcomes. Here are some examples: Biological Mimicry: In biology, mimicry refers to the phenomenon where one species evolves to resemble another, often for survival advantages like predator avoidance. Social Mimicry: In social sciences, mimicry theory explores
- [Animal chiropractic is nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/animal-chiropractic-is-nonsense/) - No, the article I am referring to is NOT entitled 'ANIMAL CHIROPRACTIC (AC) IS NONSENSE' - quite to the contrary, it is entitled 'Animal Chiropractic. A Basic Description and Its Importance in Veterinary Practice'. Yet, I feel that the former title would be more suitable. Judge for yourself. Here is the abstract: Properly applied AC can
- [Influenza vaccine intake is influenced by so-called alternative medicine and its practitioners](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/influenza-vaccine-intake-is-influenced-by-so-called-alternative-medicine-and-its-practitioners/) - Influenza poses a major health challenge due to its variability, pandemic potential and absence of an effective cure. These fact render prevention crucial. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the link between influenza vaccination and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) practices among Palestinian adults, along with factors influencing vaccination rates. It also evaluated participants’ attitudes towards
- [A Turning Point for Homeopathy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/a-turning-point-for-homeopathy/) - The current editorial in the Journal 'HOMEOPATHY' is entitled "A Turning Point for Homeopathy?". It hinges on the often discussed wishful thinking of homeopaths that the mechanism of action (MoA) of homeopathic remedies is explicable by the presence of nanoparticles in the remedy. Here is the crucial section: ... the homeopathy community should consolidate a
- [The Eternal Allure of the Panacea](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-eternal-allure-of-the-panacea/) - I came across an interesting article that is most relevant to the subject of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Here is its abstract: The dream of a universal cure has persisted throughout history, evolving from ancient myths to modern pseudoscience. This essay explores the cultural and cognitive resilience of the panacea archetype, tracing its transformation from
- [Is the end of bullshit nigh?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/is-the-end-of-bullshit-nigh/) - One might think that fact-checking and AI will render the survival of bullshit (BS) difficult. But is that true? I am not sure. Who better to ask than AI? I therefore asked META AI to help me out. This is the response I got: ________________________ Fact-checking and AI can help reduce misinformation, but their impact
- [Septic Gangrene and Thrombophlebitis Following Leech Therapy](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/septic-gangrene-and-thrombophlebitis-following-leech-therapy/) - The present paper described a rare and lethal adverse event following leech therapy. A 63-year-old man was referred to Nemazee Teaching Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) in December 2020 with a two-week history of progressive right lower extremity swelling, erythema, and ecchymosis. One week before symptom onset, he had undergone leech therapy on the lateral calf and
- [The US health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. emboldens the 'Bleach Boys'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-us-health-secretary-robert-f-kennedy-jr-emboldens-the-bleach-boys/) - On this blog, we have repeatedly discussed BLEACH and several of the individuals promoting it (who I called 'BLEACH BOYS') as a cure for just about everything, e.g.: Beware of the ‘Bleach Boys’ – hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide Anti-vaxxer jailed for selling bleach (MMS) as a cure for Covid-19 Miracle Mineral Supplement (MMS): accidental
- [The absurdity of homeopathy, homeopaths and their arguments](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-absurdity-of-homeopathy-homeopaths-and-their-arguments/) - Many consumers hold a positive or neutral view of homeopathy. This is primarily because they don't fully understand what it is, how absurd its assumptions really are, and how dangerous the homeopathic approach to healthcare truly is. A very common misconception, for instance, is that homeopathy is a natural and/or herbal treatment. However, both assumptions
- [Homeopaths worship in the 'Holy Church of Hahnemann'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/homeopaths-worship-in-the-holy-church-of-hahnemann/) - Dengue is the most common arthropod-borne viral disease. It can cause various symptoms like fever, muscle pain, joint pain, but often it is asymptomatic. In addition, it may cause potentially fatal sickness and danger signs with severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding from gums and nose, hematuria and hematochezia. Homeopathy is often recommended. The present observational
- [My "problem" with the King](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/my-problem-with-the-king/) - I recently asked 'GOOGLE GEMINI' about my problems with King Charles. The reply was concise, to the point and roughly correct: Edzard Ernst's "problem" with King Charles (then Prince Charles) stemmed from a fundamental disagreement over the promotion and integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) within mainstream healthcare, particularly the National Health Service (NHS)
- [Feverfew for migraine? A new and rather useless review of the evidence](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/feverfew-for-migraine-a-new-and-rather-useless-review-of-the-evidence/) - I came across a new systematic review of the herbal remedy, FEVERFEW, as a preventative treatment for migraine. Here is the abstract: Review just published in 'The American Journal of Natural Medicines, Facts' Migraine, a neurological condition, affects approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide, making it the third leading cause of disability. It significantly impacts quality
- [Yes, vaccination risks are real - but how do they compare to other dangers?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/yes-vaccination-risks-are-real-but-how-do-they-compare-to-other-dangers/) - It's true: vaccination risks do exists! Death from MMR vaccine: Estimated risk of death from vaccine-related adverse event: approximately 1 in 100 million doses administered. HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine: Estimated risk of death from vaccine-related adverse event: approximately 1 in 100 million doses administered. Death from diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) vaccine: Estimated risk of death
- [THE EFFECT OF HYDROTHERAPY ON PEOPLE WITH NON-SPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-effect-of-hydrotherapy-on-people-with-non-specific-chronic-low-back-pain/) - Back pain has become a widespread issue that significantly affects many aspects of the lives of those afflicted. Hydrotherapy has gained attention in the medical and sports communities and has been recognized as a valuable treatment method. The aim of the current research was to determine the effect of hydrotherapy on pain intensity and balance
- [Eric S Kaplan, the strange chiropractor-friend of Donald Trump](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/eric-s-kaplan-the-strange-chiropractor-friend-of-donald-trump/) - Eric S. Kaplan is the President of DISC Centers of America, the largest group of Chiropractic clinics in the U.S.A., utilizing Non-Surgical Spinal Decompression. He has worked with two Presidents of the US and two US Surgeon Generals. He is CEO of Concierge Coaches, the #1 Chiropractic firm in Spinal Decompression and Neuropathy training nationwide.
- [Homeopathy for Chronic Low-Back Pain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/homeopathy-for-chronic-low-back-pain-a-double-blind-randomized-placebo-controlled-trial/) - This study was designed "to detect differences between individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) and placebo after 4 months of intervention in patients with chronic low-back pain (LBP)". It was a four-month, double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled, two parallel arms trial conducted in the outpatient department of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital. Sixty participants
- [Robert F Kennedy Jr. and his dangerous BS about autism](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/robert-f-kennedy-jr-and-his-dangerous-bs-about-autism/) - Robert F Kennedy Jr. posted the following statement on 'X' on 6 July 2025: "In 1970, Autism was rare: fewer than 1 in 10,000 children. Today, it’s 1 in every 31. We owe it to our children to find out why." To understan this, it is worth considering the history of autism. Here are 5
- ["Hands-off" therapies are more effective than "hands-on" approaches in the treatment of chronic cervical pain](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/hands-off-therapies-are-more-effective-than-hands-on-approaches-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-cervical-pain/) - This paper aimed to systematically review the current literature comparing hands-off approaches with hands-on approaches from a biopsychosocial perspective of pain processing in people suffering from chronic primary neck pain (CPNP). An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Initial searches were carried out in November 2022, with electronic
- [The Deadly Consequences of RFK Jr.'s Stance on Vaccinations](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/the-deadly-consequences-of-rfk-jr-s-stance-on-vaccinations/) - Vaccines are one of, if not THE most significant public health achievements. They played a pivotal role in reducing mortality from infectious diseases, once the leading causes of death. Routine childhood vaccinations for children born in the US between 1994 and 2023 are estimated to have prevented 1.1 million deaths, 32 million hospitalizations, and 508
- [Some Indian homeopaths are about to get prescription rights](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/some-indian-homeopaths-are-about-to-get-prescription-rights/) - It has been reported that homeopaths in Maharashtra, India, will soon be able to prescribe modern medicines after completing a six months course in pharmacology. The scope of what kinds of medicines and diseases this may include is still undecided. A notification to this effect was recently issued by the Maharashtra Medical Council (MMC), allowing
- [An International Comparison of Healthcare Costs](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/an-international-comparison-of-healthcare-costs/) - We all know, of course, that healthcare costs vary widely from country to country. To find out more, I conducted a few searches. Here are the per capita healthcare costs in several countries (data from 2022): United States: $12,474 per capita Germany: $6,191 per capita Canada: $6,207 per capita Australia: $6,597 per capita France: $6,517
- [Homeopathy for Cancer-Related Fatigue: Protocol for a Series of N-of-1 Trials, with Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/efficacy-of-individualized-homeopathic-medicinal-products-in-lm-potencies-in-cancer-related-fatigue-protocol-for-a-series-of-n-of-1-trials-with-meta-analysis-of-individual-patient-data/) - This abstract caught my attention; it is unusual in that it reports not a trial but a protocol of a trial of homeopathy. I think it deserves a short comment: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) poses a significant challenge in cancer care and affects the quality of life of many patients. Despite the prevalence and impact of
- [Are chiropractors allowed to call themselves "Dr."?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/are-chiropractors-allowed-to-call-themselves-dr/) - Are chiropractors allowed to call themselves "Dr."? This is a question that we have discussed repeatedly and that remains controversial. I therefore decided to ask GROK. Specifically, I asked: According to [name of the country] law, are chiropractors allowed to call themselves "Dr." without making it clear that, in fact, they are DCs? Here are
- [Death Associated with Wet Cupping Therapy (Hijama)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/death-associated-with-wet-cupping-therapy-hijama/) - Wet cupping therapy (hijama), a traditional medicine practice, holds religious and cultural significance, particularly in Middle Eastern and Islamic societies. However, this practice can lead to serious complications, particularly when performed under inappropriate conditions or by unqualified individuals. This paper presents a case in which sudden cardiac death occurred following a hijama performed by an
- [Why homeopaths cannot possibly obtain informed consent from their patients](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/why-homeopaths-cannot-possibly-obtain-informed-consent-from-their-patients/) - Informed consent in healthcare, including homeopathy, requires clear communication of specific topics to ensure patients understand the treatment and can make autonomous decisions. Based on ethical standards and guidelines, the following topics must be included: Nature of the Treatment: A clear explanation of what homeopathy entails, including its principles (e.g., "like cures like," use of
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. hired well-known anti-vaccine activist, Lyn Redwood, to the CDC's vaccine safety office](https://edzardernst.com/2025/07/robert-f-kennedy-jr-hired-well-known-anti-vaccine-activist-lyn-redwood-to-the-cdcs-vaccine-safety-office/) - It has been reported that the US Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has hired one of the most fanatic anti-vaccine advocate and longtime ally to a position at the Health and Human Services Department. Lyn Redwood served for years as president of Children's Health Defense, the anti-vaccine organization founded by Kennedy. Her exact role at
- [The current research activity in so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-current-research-activity-in-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - We are about half way through 2025 which is an opportune occasion to again check how research-active the various branches of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) currently are. To get a rough impression, I yesterday went on Medline and did a few very simple searches. They all used this search term: "2025, [name of therapy in
- [WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR PEOPLE TO USE SO-CALLED ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/what-are-the-reasons-for-people-to-use-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - This is by far the most frequently asked questions I get when giving lectures or joining discussions about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). People usually hope for an easy answer with perhaps 2 or 3 reasons that stick out. Sadly, this is not possible: there are many reasons, and their importance varies depending on dozens of
- [Jimmy Savile, King Charles and healthcare advice](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/jimmy-savile-king-charles-and-healthcare-advice/) - I recently received the following comment on a post from 2022 on King Charles and Laurence van der Post: I doubt that Van der Post was the original influence on Charles to adhere to alternative or natural medicine. After all, his mother was a patient of homeopath Marjorie Blackie in the 1960s and ’70s. Other
- [Chiropractor stole more than US$ 2.5 m from Medicare and insurance companies](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/chiropractor-stole-more-than-us-2-5-m-from-medicare-and-insurance-companies/) - It has been reported that a chiropractor has been sentenced to 20 months in prison and ordered to pay more than $2.3 million in restitution for Medicare fraud. A federal jury in Peoria had convicted Carrie Musselman, 48, following a trial in February. According to the U.S. Attorney’s office Central Illinois district, Musselman stole more
- ["Dr" Patrick Vickers and "the world’s premier clinic for the treatment of cancer and advanced disease"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/dr-patrick-vickers-and-the-worlds-premier-clinic-for-the-treatment-of-cancer-and-advanced-disease/) - Yes, we have met him before. Recently, I came across Vickers again though one of my recent posts describing the story of a young Cambridge student who died following his advice. Vickers describes himself as follows: Dr. Patrick Vickers is the Creator and Founder of the Advanced Gerson Therapy Protocol; the world’s premier protocol for
- [Is laughter really the best therapy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/is-laughter-really-the-best-therapy/) - This review aimed to analyze the effects of laughter-inducing therapy on anxiety, pain, and stress in children by synthesizing existing randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The researchers conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, following the Cochrane Collaboration’s methodology for systematic literature review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. They selected
- [The Gerson therapy does not kill the cancer, it kills the patient](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-gerson-therapy-does-not-kill-the-cancer-it-kills-the-patient/) - Kay Allison "Kate" Shemirani (born 1965) is, according to Wikipedia, a British conspiracy theorist, anti-vaccine activist and former nurse who lost her licence to practise in 2020 for misconduct. She is best known for promoting conspiracy theories about COVID-19, vaccinations and 5G technology. Shemirani has been described by The Jewish Chronicle as a leading figure of a movement that includes conspiracy theorists as well as far-left and far-right activists. When
- [Chiropractic spinal manipulation: what harm can it cause?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/chiropractic-spinal-manipulation-what-harm-can-it-cause/) - Chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) is the hallmark treatment of chiropractors worldwide. Close to 100% of patients consulting such a practitioner will receive CSM. While often promoted as safe, CSM can cause various harms, some of which are serious. Here's a (probably incomplete) list: Common Harms of CSM Musculoskeletal discomfort: Temporary soreness, stiffness, or pain in
- [Robert F Kennedy Jr. is not just wrong, he is outright dangerous](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/robert-f-kennedy-jr-is-not-just-wrong-he-is-outright-dangerous/) - Robert F Kennedy Jr. is, as we all know, the United States secretary of health and human services. He went to Harvard, graduating in 1976 with a Bachelor of Arts in American history and literature. He earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1982 and a Master of Laws from Pace University in 1987. He has
- [The "urgent need for training for students and researchers at all levels in China"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-urgent-need-for-training-for-students-and-researchers-at-all-levels-in-china/) - Regular readers of this blog will know of my long-standing concerns regarding the trustworthiness of research, particularly when it originates from China. I have addressed these issues many times, e.g.: Research misconduct in China: an ever increasing worry Increasing concerns about SCAM research originating from China Concerning developments in acupuncture research: is there something rotten
- [Osteopathic manipulation for acute otitis media in pediatric patients?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/osteopathic-manipulation-for-acute-otitis-media-in-pediatric-patients/) - This systematic review aimed to map and summarize the existing literature on the use of osteopathic manipulative techniques (OMT) in the management of acute otitis media (AOM) in pediatric patients, with an emphasis on reported outcomes and identifying gaps in the current evidence. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases following the PRISMA-ScR
- [This blog now has over 3500 posts ... is it really worth all the work?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/this-blog-now-has-over-3500-posts-is-it-really-worth-all-the-work/) - Hard to believe, but it's true: I am writing this blog now for over 12 years in which time we had well over 3500 posts to discuss. I often wonder what impact all this work had and has. How can I tell? Simple: I asked Grok! Here is the answer: Edzard Ernst’s blog (edzardernst.com) is
- [Effects of the Laying on of Hands on Brain Electrical Activity](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/effects-of-the-laying-on-of-hands-on-brain-electrical-activity/) - This double-blind, randomized controlled trial assessed brain activity in epileptic patients exposed to laying on of hands with healing intent, with or without Spiritual connection, and control. It was conducted at the Center for Integrative and Complementary Practices of the Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Patients with epilepsy, aged over 18 years were
- [Trump is making sure pseudoscience will outlast him](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/trump-is-making-sure-pseudoscience-will-outlast-him/) - The INTELLIGENCER recently published an interesting article that summarizes several issues and arguments we previously raised on this blog. Let me show you a few excerpts from it: Six months into the second Trump administration, it has become clear that now is the time of con men. Scams and snake oil proliferate, as do the
- [A "comprehensive overview" of oil pulling in oral and systemic health](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/a-comprehensive-overview-of-oil-pulling-in-oral-and-systemic-health/) - Oil pulling is a traditional Ayurvedic technique that has gained renewed attention for its alleged efficacy in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing diseases.This review aims to "emphasize the significance of oil pulling, an ancient Ayurvedic oral hygiene technique, in reducing plaque deposition and supporting oral health, while highlighting its advantages as a natural and side-effect-free
- [Robert Malone (new member of the US 'Vaccine Advisory Committee') and 10 of his favorite 'COVID-vaccination-myths'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/robert-malone-new-member-of-the-us-vaccine-advisory-committee-and-10-of-his-favorite-covid-vaccination-myths/) - Robert Malone has just been appointed by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as a member of the ACIP Vaccine Advisory Committee. In response he tweeted: "Thank you for the honor of serving my country in this way, @SecKennedy I will do my best to serve with unbiased objectivity and rigor." Is that a realistic aspiration? In the past, Malone
- [The 'Glymphatic System' and how to boost its function](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-glymphatic-system-and-how-to-boost-its-function/) - The glymphatic system is a network in the brain that was discovered only recently and is now fast becoming an area of intensive research. It utilizes a system of perivascular channels, formed by astroglial cells. Its function seems to be clearing waste and toxins, thus functioning like a waste disposal system. It uses cerebrospinal fluid
- [The consequences of scientific fraud are profound](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-consequences-of-scientific-fraud-are-profound/) - Retractions occur when a paper is found to be flawed due to errors, plagiarism, data fabrication, peer-review fraud or other misconduct. On this blog, we have seen our fair share of such things. Occasionally, we even managed to get a fraudulent paper retracted. A paper in THE TIMES OF INDIA sheds more light on the
- [Was Donald Trump’s grandfather a pimp and his father a draft-dodging Kluxer?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/was-donald-trumps-grandfather-a-pimp-and-his-father-a-draft-dodging-kluxer/) - Sorry, but this post has nothing at all to do with so-called alternative medicine - I hope you find it nonetheless entertaining. The German Chancellor, Freiedrich Merz, recently gave Donald Trump a present when visiting him in the White House: the framed birth certificate of his grandfather. It was a bold gift reminding Trump of
- ["After seeing the chiropractor, I was seeing things and blacking out"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/after-seeing-the-chiropractor-i-was-seeing-things-and-blacking-out/) - Carissa Klundt, a 41 year old mom-of-three from Las Vegas, decided to start treatmentsto fix her sore back. She had attended three appointments with her chiropractor before a substitute practitioner stepped in to perform her spinal adjustments on the fourth. Carissa was immediately concerned when she felt a sharp pain in her neck after the chiropractor performed one
- [Trump's systematic demolition of public health](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/trumps-systematic-demolition-of-public-health/) - Jessica Knurick, PhD, RDN published a comprehensive list of things the Trump admin did to harm public health. It is as impressive as it is frightening; allow me to show it to you: Food Assistance & Nutrition Access Eliminated USDA’s local food program connecting farmers to schools. Eliminated USDA’s Farm-to-Food Bank program that helped food banks source
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for Elon Musk's shiner?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-for-elon-musks-shiner/) - On May 30, 2025, Elon Musk was seen at a White House news conference with a black eye, i.e. a hematoma around the eye that can last from one to two weeks. Elon explained “I was just horsing around with little X, and I said, ‘Go ahead, punch me in the face.’ And he did.”
- [Incomplete reporting and spin in acupuncture trials](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/incomplete-reporting-and-spin-in-acupuncture-trials/) - This cross-sectional meta-epidemiological study investigated the reporting, data sharing and spin (using reporting strategies to emphasise the benefit of non-significant results) in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of acupuncture. Specifically, the researchers assessed: (1) the reporting of acupuncture RCTs by the Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement and STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical
- [Comparative safety and efficacy of manual therapy interventions for cervicogenic headache: a systematic review and network meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/comparative-safety-and-efficacy-of-manual-therapy-interventions-for-cervicogenic-headache-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis/) - This meta-analysis evaluated and compared the safety and efficacy of spinal manipulation, mobilization, and massage for the management of cervicogenic headache (CGH). Comprehensive searches were conducted in Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify studies investigating the effects of manipulation, mobilization, and massage on pain, disability, and physical function in patients with CGH. Key outcomes
- [The (In)Effectiveness of Homeopathic Remedies in Treating Respiratory Infections](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/the-ineffectiveness-of-homeopathic-remedies-in-treating-respiratory-infections/) - This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of homeopathic treatments for respiratory infections, particularly upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) like pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. It seeks to determine how well homeopathy can alleviate symptoms, reduce the duration of the illness, decrease the need for antibiotics, and improve overall patient outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness
- [Efficacy of Dry Cupping on Urinary Incontinence in Women](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/efficacy-of-dry-cupping-on-urinary-incontinence-in-women/) - Cupping is one of those types of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that have been used for centuries, in many cultures and for most conditions. So, why not also for incontinence? Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition that affects people of all ages worldwide and can lead to social isolation, low self-esteem, and depression if
- [‘Strong opposition’ to expanding Medicare coverage for chiropractic services](https://edzardernst.com/2025/06/strong-opposition-to-expanding-medicare-coverage-for-chiropractic-services/) - It has been reported that members of the U.S. House and Senate are proposing the Chiropractic Medicare Coverage Modernization Act, ensuring reimbursement for all medically necessary services provided by chiropractors. However, the American College of Radiology and American Society of Neuroradiology have now joined over 90 other groups led by the AMA to announce their
- [Scientific misconduct from the White House  +  some free advice how to deal with it!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/scientific-misconduct-from-the-white-house-some-free-advice-how-to-deal-with-it/) - The Trump administration released a report billed as a “clear, evidence-based foundation” for action on a range of children’s health issues. But the report, from the presidential "Make America Healthy Again Commission", cited studies that did not exist, as reported by the NEW YORK TIMES and several further publications. These included fictitious studies on direct-to-consumer drug advertising, mental
- [The role of homeopathy in managing 50 common conditions](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/the-role-of-homeopathy-in-managing-50-common-conditions/) - I have noticed that an Indian team has recently started to publish a series of articles about the role of homeopathy in treating specific diseases. They seem to mislead us and conclude that homeopathy is promising (but more research is needed). Here are two examples: The role of homeopathy in managing hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is a
- [Trump's bewildering relationship with academia (PART 3)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-bewildering-relationship-with-academia-part-3/) - In part 1 of this series, we had a look at the Trump family's academic achievements, and in part 2, we discussed the concerted measures Trump is currently taking against US academia. In the last part of the series, I ask: Why does he do it? It would be easy but simplistic, I think, to
- [The use of so-called alternative medicine medicine and uptake of vaccinations among US adults](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/the-use-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-medicine-and-uptake-of-vaccinations-among-us-adults/) - Aim of this study was to investigate associations between use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and uptake of COVID-19 and flu vaccines in a nationally representative US sample. The results of this secondary analysis of National Health Interview Survey 2022 data indicated that after accounting for potential confounders, the overall use of SCAM did not
- [Trump's bewildering relationship with academia (PART 2)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-bewildering-relationship-with-academia-part-2/) - In PART 1 of this series, we have seen that Trump and his family had a somewhat checkered time during their educational years and managed less than impressive academic careers. Some might speculate that Trump's personal experience caused his colision course with US academia. Trump has been describes as intensely vindictive, but when you see
- [Changes in SCAM use during 2014 - 2023 in Europe](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/changes-in-scam-use-during-2014-2023-in-europe/) - The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interest in So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM), both as a remedy for managing symptoms and in relation to its association with vaccine hesitancy and resistance to public health measures. European cross-national evidence remains sparse. This article provides a comparative analysis of SCAM use across European countries between 2014 and 2023. It
- [Trump's bewildering relationship with academia (PART 1)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-bewildering-relationship-with-academia-part-1/) - I have worked in academia almost my entire professional life: first in Germany, then in Austria and finally in the UK. I therefore think that I know this world quite well. Recently, I have been observing with an increasing degree of concern what is happening to academia in the US. This matters to me, firstly
- [Singing bowl therapy: I gladly admit that I did not know about this SCAM](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/singing-bowl-therapy-i-gladly-admit-that-i-did-not-know-about-this-scam/) - I am always on the lookout for forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) with which I am unfamiliar. Today, I found one! The SINGING BOWL is a bowl-shaped instrument originating in China and Tibet that can be made of various metals, including copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver, gold, and nickel. It is played by hitting
- [What does Trump think about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/what-does-trump-think-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - "What does Trump think about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?" Does anyone know? Does he even know himself? Time to ask GROK! Here is the answer I got when asking exactly that question (the bold print was added by me in an attempt to highlight what I felt was important): There is no definitive, up-to-date public
- [A treasure trove of prime BS by a prominent German homeopathic physician](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/a-treasure-trove-of-prime-bs-by-a-prominent-german-homeopathic-physician/) - Recently, I was trying to find out more about the "HUFELAND MEDAILLE" - not the one once created by the GDR, but the award given yearly since the mid-1950s by the German "Zentralverband der Ärzte für Naturheilverfahren und Regulationsmedizin e.V." (ZAEN, Association for Doctors of Natural and Regulatory Medicine). This is when I came across
- [Who are the foremost purveyors of misinformation about homeopathy on 'X'?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/who-are-the-foremost-purveyors-of-misinformation-about-homeopathy-on-x/) - A real-time search of recent posts on X (conducred by Grok) identify accounts actively spreading pro-homeopathy misinformation, focusing on claims that lack scientific backing or contradict established evidence (e.g., homeopathy curing serious diseases when studies show it’s no better than placebo). Here’s what Gook found: No single account stands out as the definitive "most" prolific
- [Profiling the susceptibility to misinformation](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/profiling-the-susceptibility-to-misinformation/) - It often seems to me that, in the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), we encounter more misinformation than information. Misinformation poses a serious threat to the proper functioning of societies worldwide. But who is particularly prone to fall for it? In this study, an international team of psychologists wanted to find out. 66,242 individuals from
- [Suffering from 'burnout'? So-called alternative medicine can help!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/suffering-from-burnout-so-called-alternative-medicine-can-help/) - Suffering from 'burnout'? Mindfulness, yoga, and acupuncture are just three of a plethora of practices that are said to improve 'burnout'. While there is growing interest in these practices, many employers remain sceptical about their benefits and are hesitant to invest resources in implementing them. This meta-analysis examined the impact of these practices on burnout
- [Does Trump have a drug habit?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/does-trump-take-drugs/) - We all have seen scenes where Trump is dozing or falling asleep in the middle of something important and in front of running cameras. We also have seen situations where he seems to be as high as a kite, rambling endlessly, repeating utter nonsense out of context without being able to stop himself. Such contrasting
- [What can be done to dissuade proponents of homeopathy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/what-can-be-done-to-dissuade-proponents-of-homeopathy/) - In this article, two German researchers investigated the persuasions of homeopathy users: (a) whether and how homeopathy should be used to treat serious conditions like cancer, (b) the role of science and the relevance of scientific evidence regarding homeopathy. Using latent profile analysis (N = 225), they identified subgroups of homeopathy users that differ in
- ["Conventional doctors know nothing about nutrition" - true or false?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/conventional-doctors-know-nothing-about-nutrition-true-or-false/) - We probably have all heard these claims: Conventional doctors under-rate the importance of nutrition for our health. They know nothing about the subject. Medical schools completely ignore the importance of nutrition. Only practitioners of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) know enough about nutrition. I have to admit that such cliches have gone on my nerves for
- [Yet another of Harald Walach's papers is under investigation](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/yet-another-of-harald-walachs-papers-is-under-investigation/) - When Harald Walach et al first published it, I did report about their paper entitled "Treatment effects in pharmacological clinical randomized controlled trials are mainly due to placebo". The objective of their analysis was to determine what contributes to the size of the placebo effect in clinical drug trials by meta-regressions of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.
- [Trump’s strange obsession of appointing the wrong people in the realm of healthcare – Part 4](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-strange-obsession-of-appointing-the-wrong-people-in-the-realm-of-healthcare-part-4/) - Donald Trump has recently made a range of nominations/appointments in the US health sector. They will influence conventional and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the US and beyond. It therefore reasonable to look at the backgrounds and qualifications of these men and women and evaluate their suitability for these leadership roles. In part 1 of this
- [Trump’s strange obsession of appointing the wrong people in the realm of healthcare – PART 3](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-strange-obsession-of-appointing-the-wrong-people-in-the-realm-of-healthcare-part-3/) - Donald Trump has recently made a range of nominations/appointments in the US health sector. They will influence conventional and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the US and beyond. It therefore seems worth to look at the backgrounds and qualifications of these men and women and critically evaluate their suitability for these leadership roles. In part
- [Trump’s strange obsession of appointing the wrong people in the realm of healthcare – Part 2](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-strange-obsession-to-appoint-the-wrong-people-in-the-realm-of-healthcare-part-2/) - Donald Trump has recently made a range of appointments in the health sector of the US. They will strongly influence conventional and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the US as well as worldwide. It therefore seems worth to look at the backgrounds and qualifications of these men and women and critically evaluate their fit for
- [Trump's strange obsession with appointing the wrong people in the realm of healthcare - PART 1](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/trumps-strange-obsession-to-appoint-the-wrong-people-in-the-realm-of-healthcare-part-1/) - Donald Trump has recently made a range of appointments in the health sector of the US. They will strongly influence conventional and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the US as well as worldwide. It therefore seems worth to look at the backgrounds and qualifications of these men and women and critically evaluate their fit for
- [Another stroke following chiropractic neck manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/another-stroke-following-chiropractic-neck-manipulation/) - A Winnipeg woman is suing her chiropractor, claiming he injured her by tearing an artery during treatment and that she suffered a stroke as a result. The woman had been a patient at Maples Chiropractic in Winnipeg for some time, and she had previously indicated that she did not want the chiropractor treating or adjusting her
- [How much knowledge does GROK offer about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/how-much-does-grok-know-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - I had never tried it before, but yesterday I could no longer resist. so, I asked GROK the following question: Who are the leading researchers in alternative medicine? Here is the answer in full: The field of alternative medicine, often referred to as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), encompasses a wide range of practices and
- [No to the reimbursement of pseudo-therapies! An open letter from France](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/no-to-the-reimbursement-of-pseudo-therapies-an-open-letter-from-france/) - The French newspaper 'L'Express' just published an open letter that might be of considerable relevance to the readers of this blog. Here is my translation: Since 2016, all private sector employers have been required by law to offer supplementary health insurance to their employees. As a result, 96% of the population is now covered. The
- [BREAKING NEWS: Donald Trump's surprising move to support US science](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/breaking-news-donald-trumps-surprising-move-to-support-us-science/) - I suppose we all heard that DONALD TRUMP has recently turned his genius towards the film industry. Specifically, he wrote: "The Movie Industry in America is DYING a very fast death. Other Countries are offering all sorts of incentives to draw our filmmakers and studios away from the United States. Hollywood, and many other areas
- [Acupuncture for the Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/acupuncture-for-the-management-of-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/) - The use of acupuncture is becoming increasingly popular in the management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review summarizes the evidence on acupuncture’s efficacy and safety for treating ADHD in children and adolescents. Controlled clinical trials assessing acupuncture against waitlist-control, placebo or active controls, or as an adjunct treatment were systematically searched across seven databases
- [Vaccine hesitancy of clinicians practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compared to those practicing conventional medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/vaccine-hesitancy-of-clinicians-practicing-traditional-chinese-medicine-tcm-compared-to-those-practicing-conventional-medicine/) - Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) tends to prioritize inherent general immunity instead of vaccination, thereby contributing to widespread vaccine hesitancy or refusal amidst the general public. The objective of this investigation was to furnish evidence regarding the profiles and drivers of seasonal influenza vaccine hesitancy (IVH) among TCM clinicians. Between January and May 2022, the Chinese
- [Chiropractic Awareness Week (CAW) 2025: my attempt of a celebration](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/chiropractic-awareness-week-caw-2025-my-attempt-of-a-celebration/) - Yes, it's CAW again! How best should we celebrate? I could show you how often we had to discuss the harm chiropractic does to patients. I could tell you about the contraproductive advice chiropractors tend to issue to anyone who wants to hear it. I could list the fatalities chiropractic manipulations have caused. I could
- [Chiropractors charged with sexual assault](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/chiropractors-charged-with-sexual-assault/) - If you google 'chiropractic' you might get the impression that an unusual number of US chiros are outright perverts. Here are four current cases that I found instantly without any in-depth seraching: Case No 1 A "Christian chiropractor" is facing several criminal charges after at least eight former clients have accused him of rape and
- [Insufficient reporting of adverse effects in acupuncture trials](https://edzardernst.com/2025/05/insufficient-reporting-of-adverse-effects-in-acupuncture-trials/) - This cross-sectional meta-epidemiological study investigated the patient-reported acupuncture-related adverse events (A-AEs) in acupuncture randomised controlled trials (RCTs). All RCTs were included that used acupuncture as the intervention group to obtain the efficacy and/or safety of acupuncture therapy and that based the acupuncture therapy on Traditional Medicine theory. The researchers assessed (1) the general characteristics of
- [Is Shiatsu an effective therapy for menstrual pain? Probably not!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/is-shiatsu-an-effective-therapy-for-menstrual-pain-probably-not/) - Dysmenorrhea affects 40–80% of women causing discomfort, pain and absenteeism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shiatsu massage and abdominal stretching exercises in reducing primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test two-group comparison was employed. Sixty-six adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea were purposively selected and divided into two
- [The Mechanism of Action of Homeopathy! ... Someone please inform the Nobel Prize Committee](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/the-mechanism-of-action-of-homeopathy-someone-please-inform-the-nobel-prize-committee/) - Homeopaths regularly claim that the main reason why homeopathy is not accepted in science or responsible healthcare must be that science is not sufficiently advanced to understand how it works. According to Indian researchers, this obstacle has now been removed: they claim to have found the mechanism by which homeopathy works: The outcome of the
- ["My psychic abilities have grown" ... so, I joined Nigel Farage and went into UK politics!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/my-psychic-abilities-have-grown-so-i-joined-nigel-farage-and-went-into-uk-politics/) - Amelia RANDALL is the owner and director of "MYSTIC PSYCHIC LIMITED". She sells psychic readings and used to advertise on a porn site. On her website, she informs us: My psychic abilities have grown as the years have gone by. I love my gifts as it means I can assist many people on their day
- [Chiropractic Manipulation: Two Months in Bed With Pain and a Herniated a Disc](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/chiropractic-manipulation-two-months-in-bed-with-pain-and-a-herniated-a-disc/) - A popular 'TikTok creator' claims that he became bedridden for months after a chiropractic adjustment to his neck left him with a herniated disc, causing him “the worst pain I’ve ever experienced” and the loss of his life savings in medical bills. Tyler Stanton, a Nashville-based 'content creator' stated that he’s been recovering from an
- [The "Society of Physicians and Scientists for Health, Freedom and Democracy"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/the-society-of-physicians-and-scientists-for-health-freedom-and-democracy/) - The Society of Physicians and Scientists for Health, Freedom and Democracy, (Mediziner und Wissenschaftler für Gesundheit, Freiheit und Demokratie, MWGFD) is not well known outside Germany. Let me therefore introduce it to an English-speaking audience. The Society has undoubtedly a most inviting name. Who amongst physicians and scientists would be against health, freedom or democracy?
- [Is one death not enough, Dr. Scholten?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/is-one-death-not-enough-dr-arleen-scholten/) - "Dr. Arleen Scholten" - rings a bell? Yes! She is the chiropractor who treated John Lawler who then tragically died. Since Scholten was found not guilty of any wrong-doing by the General Chiropractic Council (GCC), she is practising unabated. These days, she seems to be particularly fond of treating children. Here are some excerpts from
- [Germany's anti-vaxer-in-chief admits: ‘There were few side effects’](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/germanys-anti-vaxer-in-chief-admits-there-were-few-side-effects/) - Prof Dr Sucharit Bhakdi is one of the most far-reaching disinformation disseminators of the COVID pandemic. He spread numerous bogus claims about the dangers of COVID vaccines and put forward scientifically untenable theories. Writing an open Letter in March 2020 to German Chancellor Angela Merkel regarding the "socio-economic consequences of the drastic containment measures which
- [Beyond the 'Detox Myth': A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Science and Pseudoscience Online](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/beyond-the-detox-myth-a-corpus-assisted-discourse-study-of-science-and-pseudoscience-online/) - This paper explored the intersection of science and pseudoscience in online discourse about detoxification, investigating how and to what extent they coexist on the web. Drawing on previous studies of internet health scams, it examines the discursive strategies used to either validate or refute alternative detox treatments. Using a corpus-assisted discourse studies approach, the present study
- [Legal And Ethical Challenges of So-Called Alternative Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/legal-and-ethical-challenges-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Considering the incessant promotion of the integration of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) into conventional medicine, it seems high time to evaluate and carefully consider the opportunities and challenges that such a strategy would pose. This article addresses both; it was written on the basis of information published in the books and articles available in real
- [RFKJr's research project into the cause of autism: the result seems clear before the research has started](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/rfkjrs-research-project-into-the-cause-of-autism-the-result-seems-clear-before-the-research-has-started/) - Robert F Kennedy Jr. (RFKJr.)recently said that he’s aiming to know the cause of the "autism epidemic” by September, and will be able to "eliminate those exposures" that he says are behind the condition. This and other statements lay bare the embarrassing ignorance of RFKJr. as it contains a surprising number of errors: There is
- [Religious factors in vitalistic practices of so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/religious-factors-in-vitalistic-practices-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - On Easter Sunday, it seems reasonable to look at a recent paper about religious factors that might determine the usage of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). This article examined the vitalistic/holistic foundation of SCAM. The two Ukranian authors explain that, according to the principles of holistic medicine, health is associated with the harmonization of the elements
- ["Horrifying truth about chiropractors and why paralysis, strokes and deaths are far more common than you'd imagine"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/horrifying-truth-about-chiropractors-and-why-paralysis-strokes-and-deaths-are-far-more-common-than-youd-imagine/) - Yes, this was the (rather sensationalist) headline of a recent article in the Daily Mail that I allegedly wrote. Its unusual genesis might interest some of you. I was contacted by a journalist who asked for a telephone interview on the subject of chiropractic as well as my recent book. I agreed under the condition
- [Trump's war on Academia - TIME TO MOUNT AN EFFECTIVE RESISTANCE!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/trumps-war-on-academia-time-to-mount-an-effective-resistance/) - After starting his trade war, Trump initiated a war on academia. The plan to do so is hardly new; months ago Trump stated: “The time has come to reclaim our once great educational institutions from the radical left. We spend more money on higher education than any other country and yet they are turning our
- [Does King Charles cure his cancer with homeopathy?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/does-king-charles-cure-his-cancer-with-homeopathy/) - King Charles is, as we all know, one of the world's most subborn (i.e. despite convincing evidence) supporter of homeopathy: After managing to get osteopathy and chiropractic regulated by statute, Charles had planned to do the same with homeopathy. Jonathan Dimbleby wrote in 1995: “It is now hoped that a Homeopathy Bill will be laid
- [The "SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON HOMEOPATHY": does this amount to scientific misconduct?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/the-scientific-evidence-on-homeopathy-does-this-amount-to-scientific-misconduct/) - Dr. Stephan Baumgartner, Deputy Director of the "Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine" in Bern, Switzerland, and Dr. Alexander Tournier, Research Associate at the same institution are well known defenders of homeopathy. They just published a paper entitled SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON HOMEOPATHY. Needless to say that such an article is relevant for my blog and
- [Homeopathy in the Fight Against Breast Cancer: ANOTHER DEATH BY HOMEOPATHY](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/homeopathy-in-the-fight-against-breast-cancer-another-death-by-homeopathy/) - Homeopathy is harmless - except when it kills you! Death by homeopathy has been a theme that occurred with depressing regularity on my blog, e.g.: Death by homeopathy Another death by homeopathy Death by homeopathy? The case of a boy tortured to death with homeopathy Homeopathy is the death of the patient suffering from gangrene
- [Chiropractic neck manipulation: "This is the last thing that you want to experience"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/chiropractic-neck-manipulation-this-is-the-last-thing-that-you-want-to-experience/) - I has been reported that a man is pleading to steer clear of chiropractors. Last year, Tyler Stanton endured “the worst pain I had ever experienced in my life,” a hospital stay, and the beginning of an ongoing struggle that has left him unable to work. All started immediately after a chiropractor cracked his neck — and
- [Robert F Kennedy Jr.: an increasingly serious danger to public health](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/robert-f-kennedy-jr-an-increasingly-serious-danger-to-public-health/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is coming out with so much stupidity, ignorance and quackery that it is getting difficult to keep up. A recent article reported that he touted two particular medications that have not been shown to work as first-line treatments for measles: the steroid budesonide, the antibiotic clarithromycin. Kennedy claimed on X that the medications had
- [Is chiropractic spinal manipulation effective for the treatment of cervicogenic, tension-type, or migraine headaches?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/is-chiropractic-spinal-manipulation-effective-for-the-treatment-of-cervicogenic-tension-type-or-migraine-headaches/) - Patients with headaches often seek so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), including chiropractic care. Chiropractic spinal manipulation is one of the most commonly used techniques for these patients; however, its effectiveness remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation in reducing headache days, episode duration, episode intensity, and medication intake in
- [World Homeopathy Day: celebrating a cult?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/world-homeopathy-day-celebrating-a-cult/) - World Homeopathy Day is celebrated on April 10 every year. It aims at marking the importance of homeopathy and its contributions to medicine. It also honors the memory of Dr. Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann — the founder of homeopathy. Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) was born in Meissen, Germany. He studied medicine in Germany and Austria and
- [Stress management and relaxation for hypertension](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/stress-management-and-relaxation-for-hypertension/) - This systematic review/network meta-analysis assessed whether relaxation and stress management techniques are useful in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension and prehypertension. The authors retrieved all studies published in English of adults with hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg) or prehypertension (blood pressure ≥120/80 mm Hg but
- [The Impact of Chiropractors on Workplace  Productivity - A report based on little more that wishful thinking](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/the-impact-of-chiropractors-on-workplace-productivity-a-report-based-on-little-more-that-wishful-thinking/) - In a recent post, I mentioned a new report which allegedly claimed that "employing chiropractors in the [English] health service could save £1.5 billion". Thanks to 'Blue Wode', we can now read the original report, and I had a critical look at it. Here are some quotes of crucial passages from the report: The objective
- [A 5-year old boy has been ‘incinerated’ in an oxygen chamber undergoing alternative treatment for ADHD](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/a-5-year-old-boy-has-been-incinerated-in-an-oxygen-chamber-undergoing-alternative-treatment-for-adhd/) - It has been reported that a five-year-old boy died after being “incinerated” inside a pressurised oxygen chamber while undergoing alternative treatment for ADHD and sleep apnoea. Thomas Cooper was pronounced dead at the scene on Jan 31 at the Oxford Center in Detroit. The following people have been charged in connection with the boy’s death: The center’s
- [The scandal of animals traded for traditional medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/the-scandal-of-animals-traded-for-traditional-medicine/) - The fact that animal parts are used for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is well-known. The problem has so far been related mostly to China and TCM. A recent article reminds us of the fact that the abuse of animals for SCAM is also an African issue: The use of animals for zootherapeutic purposes has been
- [Wet Cupping Therapy or Acupuncture for Migraine? A Randomized Controlled Trial](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/wet-cupping-therapy-or-acupuncture-for-migraine-a-randomized-controlled-trial/) - This "randomized controlled clinical trial" (has anyone ever seen a randomized trial without a control group? - No, therefore, the correct term is "ramdomized clinical trial (RCT)") aimed to compare the effectiveness of wet cupping therapy (WCT) and Acupuncture in treating migraine patients. It was conducted between 01.03.2022 and 01.10.2023 in a Traditional and Complementary
- [PP353, the new 'wonder drug' for chronic low back pain? I DOUBT IT!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/pp353-the-new-wonder-drug-for-chronic-low-back-pain-i-doubt-it/) - Recently, several papers reported about PP353 as a new 'wonder drug' for chronic low back pain (cLBP). The reason is that Persica Pharmaceuticals Limited (Persica) announced positive results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the safety and efficacy of PP353 as a treatment for patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP). PP353 is a
- [David Geier to study the debunked notion of a link between immunizations and autism: HAVE THEY GONE MAD?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/david-geier-to-study-the-debunked-notion-of-a-link-between-immunizations-and-autism-have-they-gone-mad/) - The hallmark of the Trump administration is the discrepancy between its appointees' responsibilities and their qualifications/competence for their jobs. A well-known anti-vaccine activist assigned the job of reviewing the supposed link between vaccination and autism is a recent case in point. The Washington Post reported that David Geier has been nominated for a study on
- [UK chiropractors are pushing for their [OFTEN DANGEROUS] services to be paid for by the public purse](https://edzardernst.com/2025/04/uk-chiropractors-are-pushing-for-their-often-dangerous-services-to-be-paid-for-by-the-public-purse/) - A long article on chiropractic casts doubt that chiropractic is useful. Here is an abbreviated version of it: The chemistry and biology graduate from the University of Georgia, 28-year-old Caitlin Jensen, visited a chiropractor to sort out her lower back pain. During the session, the therapist performed an adjustment. It severed four arteries in her neck.
- [Faith-healing: US parents were convicted of child-abuse and murder](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/faith-healing-us-parents-were-convicted-of-child-abuse-and-murder/) - Faith healing is the attempt to bring about healing through divine intervention. It is a form of paranormal or ‘energy’ healing. The Bible and other religious texts provide numerous examples of divine healing, and believers see this as a proof that faith healing is possible. There are also numerous reports of people suffering from severe
- [RUDOLF STEINER died 100 years ago](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/100-years-ago-today-was-the-day-rudolf-steiner-died/) - RUDOLF STEINER died 100 years ago today - a good reason, I think, to remember the utter nonsense he postulated (not only) in the realm of healthcare. Here is a slightly abbreviated section from my recent book: Rudolf Steiner was born on 25 February 1861 in Kraljević, Austrian-Hungarian empire. At the age of 9, Steiner
- [Most treatments for low back pain have not been shown to be effective](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/most-treatments-for-low-back-pain-have-not-been-shown-to-be-effective/) - The aim of this recent review was to investigate the efficacy of non-surgical and non-interventional treatments for adults with low back pain compared with placebo. It included all randomised controlled trials evaluating non-surgical and non-interventional treatments compared with placebo or sham in adults (≥18 years) suffering from non-specific low back pain. Random effects meta-analysis was
- [RFK Jr. continues to spout utter nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/rfk-jr-continues-to-spout-utter-nonsense/) - Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (RFK Jr.), America's anti-vaxer in-chief, famously claimed his brain has been eaten by a worm. While this assumption is as ridiculous as the man himself, the actions and delusions of RFK Jr. seem almost to confirm that something fundamental must be wrong with his intellectual abilities. Recently he said that he
- [Robert F Kennedy Jr.'s bullshit is endangering patients with measles](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/robert-f-kennedy-jr-s-bullshit-is-endangering-patients-with-measles/) - The US Health Secretary Robert F Kennedy (JFKJr) famously claimed that vitamin A could work “as a prophylaxis” of measles infection. That claim is not just wrong, it also is dangerous. Overuse of vitamin A can have serious health consequences. As a result of JFKJr yet again promoting dangerous nonsense, doctors treating patients during the
- [Google Scholar: my 'profile' brings me joy but adds confusion](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/google-scholar-my-profile-brings-me-joy-but-adds-confusion/) - I have only recently become aware of the fact that 'Google Scholar' offers a thing called 'my profile'. In my case, it contains a host of information about my published research - but, I have to admit, I only understand some of it (yes, I am not all that savvy on the Internet). It tells
- [Qi-Gong as a therapy for managing premenstrual syndrome?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/qi-gong-as-a-therapy-for-managing-premenstrual-syndrome/) - Qi-gong is a branch of Traditional Chinese Medicine that employs meditation, exercise, deep breathing and other techniques with a view of strengthening the assumed life force ‘qi’ and thus improving health and prolong life. Qi-gong has ancient roots in China and has recently also become popular in other countries. There are several distinct forms of
- [Effect of Reiki in Patients with Mental Health Diagnoses - PURE PSEUDO-SCIENCE FROM THE MAYO CLINIC!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/effect-of-reiki-in-patients-with-mental-health-diagnoses-pure-pseudo-science-from-the-mayo-clinic/) - The primary aim of this 'mixed-methods, feasibility pilot study' was to evaluate the feasibility of providing Reiki at a behavioral health clinic serving a low-income population. The secondary aim was to evaluate outcomes in terms of patients’ symptoms, emotions, and feelings before and after Reiki. The study followed a pre-post experimental design. Reiki was offered
- [Black seed oil: is there any evidence behind the new craze?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/black-seed-oil-is-there-any-evidence-behind-the-new-craze/) - I don't know whether you noticed but everyone seems to be going on about the new wonder SCAM (so-called alternative medicine) 'BLACK SEED OIL' (BSO). If you go on the Internet, you'll find all sorts of health claims for it, e.g.: -Reduces Inflammation -High in Antioxidants -Can Lower Cholesterol -Helps to Fight Cancer -Can Kill
- [Effects of a Magnetic Therapy Patch on Pain and Gait - YES, IT'S A PLACEBO!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/effects-of-a-magnetic-therapy-on-pain-and-gait-yes-its-a-placebo/) - On this blog, we have discussed all sorts of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) but only rarely we scrutinize any of the many gadets and devices that are being promoted under the SCAM umbrella. Therefore, I will in future try to fill this gap. This study investigated the effects of a magnetic pain relief patch (MPRP)
- [UPDATE ON BARBARA O’NEILL, HEALTH CRANK](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/update-on-barbara-oneill-health-crank/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod O’Neill has graced these pages several times. Now we report on the developing conflict between her and the Seventh Day Adventist Church she uses to facilitate her lecture tours. The General Conference of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church, the top governing body for the SDA worldwide, has issued a statement calling
- [The US is fast becoming a country of unreason - and Europe is ready to host the fleeing scientists](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/the-us-is-fast-becoming-a-country-of-unreason-and-europe-is-ready-to-host-the-fleeing-scientists/) - Thanks to Trump and his administration, US science is descending into chaos. Federal grants are being frozen, Scientists are getting fired and are leaving the US in droves, the NIH is under threat, crucial meetings are being postponed indefinitely and anti-science increasingly dominates the agenda of the White House. US Universities are forced to cut
- [Spirituality, Conspiracy Beliefs, SCAM and Vaccine Attitudes](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/spirituality-conspiracy-beliefs-scam-and-vaccine-attitudes/) - This study investigated the impact of spirituality and SCAM (so-called alternative medicine) use on perceptions of vaccine harmfulness, with a focus on COVID-19 and mandatory childhood vaccinations. Additionally, it examined whether spirituality indirectly influences vaccine hesitancy through SCAM use and beliefs in conspiracies. A cross-sectional probability-based survey was conducted with over 1300 participants from South
- [Alternative treatments against measles are as useless and dangerous as RFKJr. himself](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/alternative-treatments-against-measles-are-as-dangerous-rfkjr-himself/) - Measles had been declared eliminated from the US in 2000. Now the disease is back with a vengeance. In February, an unvaccinated Texan child became the first person in a decade to die from measles in the US. Another death occurred in New Mexico. The reason for the outbreak is simple: the uptake of the
- [Spinal Manipulation = A Placebo Treatment?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/spinal-manipulation-a-placebo-treatment/) - This systematic review was aimed at assessing whether spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) procedures (i.e., target, thrust, and region) impacted on pain and disability for adults with spine pain. The investigators searched PubMed and Epistemonikos for systematic reviews indexed up to February 2022 and conducted a systematic search of 5 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL [Cochrane Central
- [Media Influence on the Perceived Safety of Dietary Supplements for Children](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/media-influence-on-the-perceived-safety-of-dietary-supplements-for-children/) - This study was aimed at investigating how Spanish media reinforce a positive image of dietary supplements in the treatment of children, potentially leading to harmful health attitudes and behaviors. The researchers conducted a quantitative content analysis of 912 news articles published between 2015 and 2021 in Spanish media outlets discussing dietary supplements for children. They
- [Empathy: a little anecdote + some serious thought and worries](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/empathy-a-little-anecdote-some-serious-thought-and-worries/) - In 1993, I was appointed Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter. After settling in, I started to wonder what a suitable initial research project would be. Someone alerted me to some funds made available by the University for small projects - if I remember corretly, the amount was less that £30 000.
- [Vaccine hesitancy and SCAM-use: the anti-scientific mindset](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/vaccine-hesitancy-and-scam-use-the-anti-scientific-mindset/) - Use of so-called alternative medicines (SCAM) is, as we have frequently discussed on this blog, associated with an anti-vax attitude or vaccine hesitancy. However, the nature of—and reasons for—this association are not entirely clear, not least because both SCAM and vaccine hesitancy are complex, heterogeneous phenomena. A recent study aimed to determine which aspects of
- [Prophetic medicine?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/prophetic-medicine/) - There are many interesting and complex interrelationships between religion ond so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Some of them were discussed here: ‘The power of all religions’ is being tested in a study with severely ill corona-virus patients Alternative medicine = ‘Ersatz’ religion? The ‘Healing Power of God’: a religious group was found guilty of manslaughter of
- [The impact of Reiki and Therapeutic Touch on sleep quality and health](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/the-impact-of-reiki-and-therapeutic-touch-on-sleep-quality-and-health/) - This review is entitled "A narrative review of the impact of reiki and therapeutic touch on sleep quality and health in women" and aimed to evaluate the application methods of energy therapies, specifically Reiki and Therapeutic Touch, their health effects, and their positive impact on sleep quality, particularly in women. The author who is from
- [Vitamin A? Cod liver oil? There’s no replacement for measles vaccination!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/vitamin-a-cod-liver-oil-theres-no-replacement-for-measles-vaccination/) - I have to admit I don't normally read the DALLAS MORNING NEWS -but perhaps I should! Here are a few excerpts from an article they just published: Texas health experts are warning that vitamin A — found in food and in supplements such as cod liver oil — is not an alternative to measles vaccination. They’re urging
- [With RFK Jr. in charge, the US dietary supplement industry is about to cash in](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/with-rfk-jr-in-charge-the-us-dietary-supplement-industry-is-about-to-cash-in/) - As we all know, the FDA cannot require that dietary supplements be proven effective before they are sold. Yet, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. once said the FDA is exhibiting an “aggressive suppression” of vitamins, dietary supplements, and other substances and that he will end the federal agency’s “war on public health”. With Kennedy now in the
- [Miek Jong, director of NAFKAM, joins the 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME'](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/miek-jong-director-of-nafkam-joins-the-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - In case you are new here and don't know, the 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME' is an illustrious group of people researching so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). They have been elected [by myself] for one main reason: they have managed to go through their entire carrer publishing nothing but positive results related to their 'pet SCAM'.
- [THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE OF QUACK MEDICINE](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/the-criminal-offense-of-quack-medicine/) - This fascinating article [ full title: THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE OF QUACK MEDICINE AND QUACK PHARMACY (ART. 254 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE)] was written by Igor Vuković, PhD, Professor at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law. Here is its English language abstract: The development of conventional medicine throughout history was accompanied by the appearance of
- [Factors Associated with Post-COVID Cardiac Conditions](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/factors-associated-with-post-covid-cardiac-conditions/) - On this blog and elsewhere, we have many people doubting that COVID vaccinations were effective; some even claim that they were detrimental to our long-term health. In this context, cardiac conditions are often mentioned, as they constitute a significant category of potentially serious post-COVID conditions. Perhaps these doubters will find this new analysis relevant. The objective
- [Pain Researcher's and Pain Clinician's Perceptions of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/pain-researchers-and-pain-clinicians-perceptions-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is, according to the authors of this paper, gaining popularity among patients experiencing pain, alongside traditional treatments. Their survey aimed to explore the views of pain clinicians and researchers on SCAM interventions. An anonymous, online survey was distributed to 46 223 authors who had published pain-related research in MEDLINE-indexed journals. The survey
- [Can constipation kill you?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/03/can-constipation-kill-you/) - Constipation is characterized by persistent difficulty in defecating. It is a common disorder in the community particularly affecting the elderly and those with intellectual disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. It can also be caused by numerous medications including analgesic, antidepressant, antihypertensive and anticholinergic agents. It may be asymptomatic or it may produce abdominal pain/cramps, bloating, nausea
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is playing fast and loose with our health](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/robert-f-kennedy-jr-is-playing-fast-and-loose-with-our-health/) - As we have discussed previously, there is an outbreak of measles affecting unvaccinated children in the US. In an attempt to reassure the US public, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., said that the U.S. Department of the Health and Human Services is watching the Texas measles outbreak. “It’s not unusual,” he claimed when pressed by reporters. “We
- [Death following chiropractic neck manipulation, a rare event?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/death-following-chiropractic-neck-manipulation-a-rare-event/) - The aim of this study was to review the deaths associated with chiropractic treatment in Australia. The National Coronial Information System (NCIS) was searched for cases in Australia for which chiropractic treatment was determined to have contributed to death. Closed, completed Australian cases between 1 July 2000 and 31 December 2019 were evaluated (approximately 356,000
- [The "dark underbelly" of the alternative health industry](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/the-dark-underbelly-of-the-alternative-health-industry/) - This story of a woman suffering from early-stage breast cancer is in many ways remarkable. After being diagnosed, she scheduled consultations with surgeons but, because it was the holiday season, appointments were delayed. She therefore decided to use the time proactively and arranged a consultation with 'Dr. T,' an integrative medical doctor. She wanted to
- [The Effect of Foot Reflexology on the Sexual Function of Lactating Women](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/the-effect-of-foot-reflexology-on-the-sexual-function-of-lactating-women/) - Reflexology (originally called ‘zone therapy’ by its inventor) is a manual technique where pressure is applied to the sole of the patient’s foot (and sometimes also other areas such as the hands or ears). It must be differentiated from a simple foot massage that is agreeable but makes no therapeutic claims beyond relaxation. Reflexology is
- [Have the morons have taken over US healthcare?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/have-the-morons-have-taken-over-us-healthcare/) - I was fascinated and horrified in equal measure to watch Donald Trump speaking at the CPAC talking about a medical topic - autism to be precise. Here are his words (minus the gibberish he always adds to disguise the stupidity of his phrases): ...15 years ago, there was one case per 10 000, some say
- [So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM) for Pediatric Patients with Serious Illness](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-for-pediatric-patients-with-serious-illness/) - The objective of this study was to test the feasibility and initial effect sizes of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for patients at two children's hospitals. Using convenience sampling at two academic centers and accepting the wide age range of patients traditionally treated in children's hospitals, the researchers examined the feasibility of SCAM as well as
- [Are herbal remedies the answer to hair loss?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/are-herbal-remedies-the-answer-to-hair-loss/) - Hair loss is prevalent and can affect both males and females of different age groups. Despite the availability of many conventional treatment options, these might cause side effects, leading to a growing interest in natural and herbal remedies (HRs). This review aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of various HRs for hair loss and
- [Spiritual healing for depression - pure pseudoscience from 'The National Research Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine', Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/spiritual-healing-for-depression-pure-pseudoscience-from-the-national-research-center-of-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-faculty-of-health-science-the-arctic-university-of-norway/) - Many individuals with depression explore so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), including spiritual healing. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the feasibility of a study that integrated spiritual healing with standard care versus standard care alone for adults with moderate depression. 28 adult patients with depression were randomized to receive either: spiritual healing alongside
- [Homeopathic Treatment of Chronic Low-Back Pain? I have my doubts](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/homeopathic-treatment-of-chronic-low-back-pain-i-have-my-doubts/) - This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial compared the effects of individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) and placebo after 4 months of intervention in patients with chronic low-back pain (LBP). Sixty participants with chronic LBP were treated with either verum (n = 30; IHMPs plus concomitant care) versus control (n = 30; placebos plus concomitant care). The primary
- [Didier Raoult has now turned to cosmetics](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/didier-raoult-has-now-turned-to-cosmetics/) - I am sure you remember Didier Raoult: Didier Raoult’s research is being called into question Didier Raoult and the hydroxychloroquine controversy ( part 1 ) A census of untruths about chloroquine ( part 2 ) HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE: This is NOT a Hollywood blockbuster ( Part 3) Raoult has been banned from practising medicine for two years,
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr., measles and an alarming disregard for science, evidence, public health, welfare and common sense](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/robert-f-kennedy-jr-measles-and-an-alarming-disregard-for-science-evidence-public-health-welfare-and-common-sense/) - Around the year 2000, we thought to have eradicated measles. But, thanks to quacks like Andrew Wakefield and charlatans like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., measles are back. The latest measles case count in Texas represents merely a fraction of the true number of infections. Health officials suspect 200 to 300 people in West Texas are infected
- [Vaccine Scepticism Among Users of So-Called Alternative Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/vaccine-scepticism-among-users-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - The use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) has been widely recognized as a potential contributor to the emergence of vaccine scepticism and refusal. However, a direct correlation between trust in SCAM and vaccine scepticism is still a matter of discussion. The objective of this study is to explore the multidimensional factors that explain the association
- [The 'Healing Power of God': a religious group was found guilty of manslaughter of a diabetic girl](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/the-healing-power-of-god-a-religious-group-was-found-guilty-of-manslaughter-of-a-diabetic-girl/) - I am often amazed at the harm done by religious nutters, particularly when they employ their 'religion' as a replacement for medicine. Here is a truly horrific example. It has been reported that all 14 members of a fringe religious group have been found guilty of the manslaughter of eight-year-old Elizabeth Struhs, who died after
- ["Tuina therapy is a safe and effective treatment option" - but there are many good reasons for disbelieving this statement](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/tuina-therapy-is-a-safe-and-effective-treatment-option-but-there-are-many-good-reasons-for-disbelieving-this-statement/) - Tuina, or Tui Na is based on the notion that imbalances of the life-force, qi, can cause blockages or imbalances that lead to symptoms and illness. Tuina massage is similar to acupressure in that it targets specific acupoints. Practitioners use fingers to apply pressure to stimulate these points. Some people suggest that Tuina might benefit
- ["Traditional Chinese Medicine is a wonderful medicine" - Oh, really? ... You could have fooled me!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/traditional-chinese-medicine-is-a-wonderful-medicine-oh-really-you-could-have-fooled-me/) - It does not happen every day that the prestigeous German FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG publishes an in-depth analysis of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) and even discusses several of the themes that we, here on this blog, have often debated. Allow me, therefore, to translate a few passages from the recent FAZ article entitled "Der Fluch der
- [Our review of 'Urtica Dioica' for benign prostatic hyperplasia ... (and a rant about poor SCAM research)](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/our-review-of-urtica-dioica-for-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-and-a-rant-about-poor-scam-research/) - In 2019, there were 94 million cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) worldwide. Our systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) as a treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from databases inceptions to February
- [Measles outbreak in an US county with low vaccination rate](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/measles-outbreak-in-an-us-county-with-low-vaccination-rate/) - CNN reported that a measles outbreak is growing in a rural area of West Texas where vaccination rates are well below the recommended level. In late January, two children in Gaines County were hospitalized for measles. On Wednesday, the state health department issued a health alert: The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) is reporting
- [UK chiropractors who use the 'Dr.' title prompt "an increase in the number of complaints"](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/uk-chiropractors-who-use-the-dr-title-prompt-an-increase-in-the-number-of-complaints/) - The February 2025 newsletter of the GCC stated that "there has been an increase in the number of complaints received from members of the public who are confused by chiropractors using the title "Doctor", often being concerned that they are not a medical practitioner. As you will be aware, by law, all complaints received by
- [Following the death of a young woman, the UK General Chiropractic Council received a 'Prevent Future Deaths' report](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/following-the-death-of-a-young-woman-the-uk-general-chiropractic-council-received-a-prevent-future-deaths-report/) - It has been reported that a woman who suffered a severe headache after injuring her neck during a workout died following a visit to a chiropractor. Joanna Kowalczyk, aged 29, declined a procedure at hospital for her injury and chose instead to try chiropractic. Her medical history showed she regularly suffered migraines and joint hypermobility issues. She also
- [Harald Walach, perhaps the most illustrious member of our ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/harald-walach-perhaps-the-most-illustrious-member-of-our-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - Harald Walach is probably known to many of my readers (he is also a co-author of the paper that was the subject of yesterday's post), not least because I posted numerous articles about him on this blog, e.g.: Prof Walach: what lies ahead for research into SCAM? Walach’s new meta-analysis of homeopathy revisited A new
- [Are The Effects of Medications Mainly Due to Placebo?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/are-the-effects-of-medications-mainly-due-to-placebo/) - According to the authors of a recent paper, "the placebo response in clinical trials has four components: regression to the mean (RTM), measurement artefacts, natural tendency (NT) of the disease, and the genuine placebo effect". The objective of their analysis was to determine what contributes to the size of the placebo effect in clinical drug
- [Today is World Cancer Day - unquestionably an important event for so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/today-is-world-cancer-day-unquestionably-an-important-event-for-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Today is World Cancer Day. It is an international day observed every 4 February to raise awareness about cancer, encourage its prevention, and mobilise action to address the global cancer epidemic. Cancer and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) are closely linked, for instance, through the fact that large proportions of desperate cancer patients use SCAM, many in the
- [Homeopathy continues its retreat in Germany](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/homeopathy-continues-its-retreat-in-germany/) - As recently as 2019, a quarter more homeopathic remedies were sold than today in Germany, reported the FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG [my translation]. The largest manufacturer is removing individual remedies from its range and most state medical associations have cancelled the corresponding training courses for doctors. Demand for homeopathic remedies continued to fall in 2024: while
- [Misinformation is part and parcel of the current wave of radical right populism](https://edzardernst.com/2025/02/misinformation-is-part-and-parcel-of-the-current-wave-of-radical-right-populism/) - This investigation seems highly relevant to my blog and some of the comments it receives: The spread of misinformation has emerged as a global concern. Academic attention has recently shifted to emphasize the role of political elites as drivers of misinformation. Yet, little is known of the relationship between party politics and the spread of
- [An unvaccinated child from a Waldorf school died of diphtheria](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/an-unvaccinated-child-from-a-waldorf-school-died-of-diphtheria/) - Many German newspapers reported that a 10-year old boy who had contracted diphtheria has died after months of suffering in a Berlin hospital. The child had not been vaccinated. The boy had been admitted with a sore throat to the Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine in Potsdam where diphtheria was diagnosed. His condition deteriorated
- [It took Trump only hours to cause immense damage to science and research](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/it-took-trump-only-hours-to-cause-immense-damage-to-science-and-research/) - On 27 January, the EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET WASHINGTON, D.C. issued this MEMORANDUM FOR HEADS OF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES: ... Financial assistance should be dedicated to advancing Administration priorities, focusing taxpayer dollars to advance a stronger and safer America, eliminating the financial burden of inflation for citizens, unleashing
- [Auricular Acupuncture: the tale of two reviews](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/auricular-acupuncture-the-tale-of-two-reviews/) - We often encounter multiple systematic reviews on (almost) the same topic. This provides us with interesting comparisons and is, I think an opportunity to learn. Here is an example: two reviews of auricular acupuncture for post/peri-operative pain. A recent review from the Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic
- [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.: Here is what you can do to prevent his appointment](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/robert-f-kennedy-jr-hearing-with-the-senate-finance-committee-here-is-what-you-can-do-to-prevent-his-appointment/) - Most of my readers are probably aware of Robert F Kennedy Jr's attitudes to vaccinations and other crucial health issues See, for instance, here: The ‘moral and intellectual decay’ of COVID disinformants Chiropractors Aren’t The Solution To The Primary Care Shortage: the thorny issue of vaccination Donald Trump might try to “outlaw” some vaccinations in
- [HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/holocaust-memorial-day/) - Today is 'HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY'. A day to remember the liberation of Auschwitz, 80 years ago, and the 6 million Jews murdered during the Third Reich. I find it hard not to mark this occasion. Allow me, therefore, to quote from the last chapter of my recent book 'HITLER'S FEMALE PHYSICIANS Women Doctors During the
- [THOMAS WEIHMAYR](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/thomas-weihmayr/) - I just learnt that THOMAS WEIHMAYR has died. You probably don't know this name. So, permit me to tell you a bit about Thomas. We first met about half a century ago. Even though he was several years younger than I, we became good friends. When Thomas decided to study medicine in Munich, I had
- [WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for children](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/what-happened-next-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-for-children/) - In the series of posts entitled WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, I pick up themes that I addressed more than a decade ago with the intention of finding out whether things have moved on or not. Today, allow me to tackle the thorny issue of the use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for children. The use of
- [The Pope thinks that Trump's plans are a “disgrace” ... I agree but would go much further](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/the-pope-thinks-that-trumps-plans-are-a-disgrace-i-agree-but-would-go-much-further/) - I am not a religious person, but that does not mean that I disagree with everything the clergy says or does. On the contrary, I recently found myself even in full agreement. On 21 January, during the inaugural prayer service at the Washington National Cathedral, the Episcopal Bishop Mariann Edgar Budde pleaded with Donald Trump
- [Herbal 'Viagra'? I somehow doubt it and advise caution](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/a-new-herbal-viagra-i-somehow-doubt-it-and-advise-caution/) - A standardized, synergistic combination of Punica granatum fruit rind and Theobroma cacao seed extracts (Pomegranate-cocoa extract LN18178) has been reported to increase serum testosterone levels in young and aging males. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy of LN18178 on the sexual function of aging male volunteers (age: 40-70 years; serum total testosterone: ≥ 300 ng/dL). The
- [Trump's first day back in office: The United States will leave the World Health Organization](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/trumps-first-day-back-in-office-the-united-states-will-leave-the-world-health-organization/) - Trump's inauguration yesterday and his immediate actions thereafter were frightening. One of the first things he did was to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO). He signed an executive action in the Oval Office to the process for terminating US membership: The United States intends to withdraw from the WHO. The Presidential Letter to the
- [The Efficacy and Safety of a Natural Health Supplement in Managing Low Back Pain](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/the-efficacy-and-safety-of-a-natural-health-supplement-in-managing-low-back-pain/) - This open-label, randomized, controlled trial was aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of Vuong Hoat (VH) natural health supplement for reducing the negative impact of low back pain, improving the quality of life, and enhancing functional activities in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease (LDD). The study involved 60 patients suffering from low back
- [Effectiveness of Yoga Versus Conventional Interventions for Back Pain: a "scoping review" or just wishful thinking?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/effectiveness-of-yoga-versus-conventional-interventions-for-back-pain-a-scoping-review-or-just-wishful-thinking/) - Chronic back pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition, significantly impacting quality of life and functional independence. While conventional interventions, including physical therapy and pharmacological treatments, are commonly utilized, complementary practices like yoga are increasingly explored for their potential benefits in pain management and functional improvement. This scoping review aimed to assess the existing evidence
- [Unhelpful Information From Physiotherapists About Low Back and Neck Pain](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/unhelpful-information-from-physiotherapists-about-low-back-and-neck-pain/) - The Internet is increasingly used as a primary source of information for patients. Many private physiotherapy practices provide informative content on low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) on their websites, but the extent to which this information is biopsychosocial, guidelines-consistent, and fear-inducing is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the
- [WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? Craniosacral therapy and the fallacy of a harmless SCAM](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/what-happened-next-craniosacral-therapy-and-the-fallacy-of-a-harmless-scam/) - This blog is now almost 13 years old. In well over 3 000 (!) posts, I have been trying to alert consumers to the things that are wrong with much of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). In this new series of posts entitled 'WHAT HAPPENED NEXT? ...' I intend to re-visit some of my early posts
- [The combined effects of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain: yet another case of scientific misconduct?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/the-combined-effects-of-reflexology-massage-and-respiratory-relaxation-on-pain-yet-another-case-of-scientific-misconduct/) - Removing the chest tube in cardiac patients after surgery is one of the worst experiences of hospitalization in the intensive care units. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are available to control pain in these patients. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of reflexology massage and respiratory relaxation on pain following chest tube removal
- [The Role of Energy Medicine in enhancing hemoglobin levels - HOW NOT TO WRITE A MEDICAL PAPER.](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/the-role-of-energy-medicine-in-enhancing-hemoglobin-levels-how-not-to-write-a-medical-paper/) - The full title of this paper is "Role of Energy Medicine in enhancing hemoglobin levels – A case study". Readers who thus expect to learn about the effects of ENERGY MEDICINE (a branch of so-called alternative medicine based on the belief that healers can channel "healing energy" into patients and effect positive results) might be
- [Homeopathy is "a valuable therapeutic option" for acute upper respiratory tract infections ... Really? ... I don't think so!](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/homeopathy-is-a-valuable-therapeutic-option-for-acute-upper-respiratory-tract-infections-really-i-dont-think-so/) - This study evaluated the recurrence of acute upper respiratory tract infections (aURTI) and the number of antibiotic prescriptions within 12-month follow-up in patients prescribed with either homeopathic medicines or medicines from one of four conventional medication classes for aURTI therapy. This explorative cohort study used real-world electronic healthcare data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA).
- [Effects of prebiotics during pregnancy and lactation on infant allergies](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/effects-of-prebiotics-during-pregnancy-and-lactation-on-infant-allergies/) - Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted claimed to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut microbiota. Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Both are sold as dietary supplements, and there is hardly a human disease or symptom for which these supplements are not said to
- [The end of chiropractic in the UK?](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/is-the-general-chiropractic-council-about-to-disallow-chiropractic-in-the-uk/) - The 'Code of Professional Practice' for UK chiropractors (applicaple from 1.1.2026) has just been published by the UK General Chiropractic Council (GCC). It demands in no uncertain terms numerous things from chiropractors: You must put the interests of patients first You must ensure safety and quality in clinical practice You must act with honesty and
- [Katie May died after chiropractic manipulation - but that's not the chiro's fault, claims chiro Steven P. Brown](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/katie-may-died-after-chiropractic-manipulation-but-thats-not-the-chiros-fault-or-is-it/) - Do you remember the case of Katie May who died “as the result of visiting a chiropractor for an adjustment, which ultimately left her with a fatal tear to an artery in her neck”? Well, apparently, this story was misreported - at least this is what an article by our friend, Steven P. Brown (who describes
- [I have just published a new book](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/i-have-just-published-a-new-book/) - This could well be one of the toughest jobs that I have ever tackled! But now it's done. And I am glad! “Hitler’s Female Physicians – Women Doctors During the Third Reich and Their Crimes Against Humanity” (nothing to do with SCAM, sorry) is a collection of biographical sketches of female doctors who committed crimes
- [Do Chiropractors Break Necks? "Dr." Greg Malakoff (Chiropractor/Neurologist, Board Certified) provides an answer](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/do-chiropractors-break-necks-dr-greg-malakoff-chiropractor-neurologist-board-certified-provides-an-answer/) - Do Chiropractors Break Necks? This is an interesting question. "Dr." Greg Malakoff (Chiropractor/Neurologist, Board Certified) provided the following answer (never mind that he seems to mean 'do chiros cause strokes?'): ... The total disinformation that seems to be republished monthly on the news concerning chiropractors and strokes is based on a study performed in the
- [Kampo-induced liver injury: A case report and a systematic review](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/kampo-induced-liver-injury-a-case-report-and-a-systematic-review/) - Kampo medicine is the Japanese form of traditional herbal medicine that is still very popular in Japan. The word Kampo means ‘Chinese style’ in Japanese. Kampo developed out of traditional Chinese herbal medicine after it was introduced into Japan in the 7th century. In the early 20th century, Kampo was further influenced by modern Western
- [Homeopathy as a therapy for cancer? A new review from India](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/homeopathic-as-a-therapy-for-cancer-a-new-review-from-india/) - On this blog, we have repeatedly noticed that Indian researchers of homeopathy as good as never publish negative findings. A recent paper entitled "Efficacy of homoeopathic therapy in cancer treatment" seems to falsify this hypothesis. Here is its full abstract: In order to boost their immune system, enhance their mental and physical health, and reduce
- [A new review confirms that chiropractic is based on wishful thinking, very poor science and a denial of the most obvious facts.](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/a-new-review-confirms-that-chiropractic-is-based-on-wishful-thinking-very-poor-science-and-a-denial-of-the-most-obvious-facts/) - A new paper with the promising title "Chiropractic Care in Children: A Review of Evidence and Safety" caught my attention. Here is its full abstract: Complementary therapies are used to treat many pediatric symptoms and health conditions, and chiropractic care is one of the most commonly used forms of complementary therapies by children and adolescents.
- [Chiropractic [and vodka] make[s] consumers happy - brand-new, cutting-edge science from the chiro cult](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/chiropractic-and-vodka-makes-consumers-happy-brand-new-cutting-edge-science-from-the-chiro-cult/) - The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of existing literature to identify factors that contribute to high levels of satisfaction in chiropractic care. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies exploring patient experience with chiropractic care. Forty-three studies were included in the review. The findings showed
- [Looking back: some highlights of 2024](https://edzardernst.com/2025/01/looking-back-some-highlights-of-2024/) - 2024 is behind us - a good time, I think, to review what has been happening during that year. Plenty of horrible stuff, I'm sure, but let's look at the bright side. And, to be honest, I cannot complain: My wife and I are reasonably healthy, and we both enjoy life. I had the occasion
- [A cheerful note to end the year!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/a-cheerful-note-to-end-the-year/) - The year 2024 brought many disappointments. But let's not dwell on those, lets get in the mood for tonights celebrations! And what could be more fitting for that than a review of the positive cardiovascular effects of wine drinking? After all wine involves both aromatherapy as well as antioxidants, botanical medicine and naturopathy! As luck would
- [Deaths after Thai massage?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/deaths-after-thai-massage/) - Two fatalities have been reported evidently caused by Thai massage. Thai singer Chayada Prao-hom, also known as Ping Chayada, 20, died in a hospital in the northeastern city of Udon Thani on December 8 after claiming she was left paralysed by a series of three “neck-twisting” massage sessions. Ping Chayada posted a poignant final message on
- [NHS doctor has been struck off for his promotion of conspiracy theories about COVID vaccinations](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/nhs-doctor-has-been-struck-off-for-his-promotion-of-conspiracy-theories-about-covid-vaccinations/) - So-called alternatve medicine (SCAM) and the anti-vaccination conspiracy are - as we have seen so often here - closely related. Therefore, I feel that the case of Daniel Armstrong, a 35-year-old consultant psychiatrist, is worth reporting. Dr. Armstrong has been struck off the UK medical register for his promotion of conspiracy theories about COVID vaccinations. The allegation
- [Over 40% of cancer patients use so-callled alternative medicine (SCAM) while receiving anticancer treatment](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/over-40-of-cancer-patients-use-complementary-and-alternative-medications-while-receiving-anticancer-treatment/) - The use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is popular among cancer patients. SCAM includes vitamins, minerals, phytotherapy, homeopathy, nutritional supplements and probiotics. SCAM use may lead to unwanted risks by interacting with anticancer drugs; therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to be aware of SCAM use by their patients. This article describes the prevalence
- [Who Believes in So-Called Alternative Medicine?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/who-beliefs-in-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - This study examined individual correlates of beliefs in the efficacy of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). In all, 2126 adults were tested, and the results showed significant correlates for the following variables: sex, political ideology, religious beliefs (strongest correlation, r = 0.28 ), belief on Life after Death (strongest correlation, r = 0.32), optimism (strongest correlation, r = 0.20).
- [Bioresonance as an "Innovative Method of Bioquantum Medicine" - some 'Christmas Cheer' for all my readers](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/bioresonance-as-an-innovative-method-of-bioquantum-medicine-some-christmas-cheer-for-all-my-readers/) - It's the season to be jolly! But there seems to be so little to be jolly about! No worries - I found something that will surely make you laugh out loud. This article by Iurii Titarenko (PhD in Psychology, Private Scientific Institution “Scientific and Research University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Law”; European Academy of Digital
- [The General Chiropractic Council will investigate suspected criminal activity of chiropractors](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/the-general-chiropractic-council-will-investigate-suspected-criminal-activity-of-chiropractors/) - The General Chiropractic Council (GCC) has signed a memorandum of understanding with NHS England, the Crown Prosecution Service and the National Police Chiefs' Council to collaborate where there is suspected criminal activity on the part of a GCC member in relation to the provision of clinical care or care decision-making. I find this interesting and
- [Best Practices for Chiropractic Management of Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain:  Pseudo-Science at its Most Ridiculous](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/best-practices-for-chiropractic-management-of-patients-with-chronic-musculoskeletal-pain-pseudo-science-at-its-most-ridiculous/) - The objective of this paper, as stated by its authors, was to develop an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) through a broad-based consensus process on best practices for chiropractic management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Using systematic reviews identified in an initial literature search, a steering committee of experts in research and management
- [A “revolutionary pill” against COPD or a dangerous fraud?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/a-revolutionary-pill-against-copd-or-a-dangerous-fraud/) - “An American doctor invented a drug that claims to cure COPD within three days.” Does this announcement herald a medical sensation or a bogus and potentially dangerous falsehood? The inventors proudly opt for the former: “we have created a revolutionary pill that combines over 60 natural herbs specifically designed to treat respiratory diseases such as chronic
- [The German "Crusade Against Naturopathy" - a must read, if you need a good laugh](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/the-german-crusade-against-naturopathy-a-must-read-if-you-need-a-good-laugh/) - "Crusade Against Naturopathy" (Kreuzzug gegen Naturheilkunde) is the title of a recent article (in German - so, I translated for you) published in 'MULTIPOLAR'. It is a defence of - no, not naturopathy - quackery. The authors first defend the indefencible Heilpraktiker. Subsequently, they address what they call 'The Homeopathy Controversy'. This is particularly ridiculous
- [Reiki in Companion Animals?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/reiki-in-companion-animals/) - I came across this remarkable chapter entitled "Reiki in Companion Animals ". As it comes from the Department of Clinical Studies and the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, the paper ought to be taken seriously, I thought. It seems that I was mistaken! Here is
- [A new "comprehensive review" of homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/a-new-comprehensive-review-of-homeopathy/) - Homeopathy was founded some two hundred years ago by Dr Samuel Christian Hahnemann. Over time, it has grown to be among the most frequently used forms of alternative medicine in Europe and the USA. It is underpinned by the principle of 'like cures like', where highly diluted substances are used for therapeutic purposes, by producing
- [Report of the French Working Group on Veterinary Homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/report-of-the-french-working-group-on-veterinary-homeopathy/) - It is already 7 years ago that I listed several 'official verdicts on homeopathy', i.e. conclusions drawn by independent, reputable bodies evaluationg the evidence for or against homeopathy: “The principles of homeopathy contradict known chemical, physical and biological laws and persuasive scientific trials proving its effectiveness are not available” Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia “Homeopathy
- [An 'open letter' (about me!) from the German Association of Homeopathic Doctors (DZVhÄ)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/an-open-letter-about-me-from-the-german-association-of-homeopathic-doctors-dzvha/) - I recently published an article in the German newspaper 'DIE WELT' about the Bavarian Homeopathy trial. My comments did not go down well with the German Association of Homeopathic Doctors (DZVhÄ). Here is their 'OPEN LETTER' (my translation) in response to my article (the numbers [in bold brackets refer to my comments below): Berlin, 11
- [EU law states categorically: "Homeopathy is First-Line-Medicine" ... Really? ... No!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/eu-law-states-categorically-homeopathy-is-first-line-medicine-really-no/) - Homeopathy is 'First-Line-Medicine' - at least this is what a German pro-homeopathy website recently proclaimed. The notion, it informs us, is based on EU law. But is that true? Does the ‘Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council on organic production (...)’ really recommend homeopathy for treating animals? This is what
- [Kash Patel, Donald Trump’s pick to lead the FBI, is also a snake-oil salesman](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/kash-patel-donald-trumps-pick-to-lead-the-fbi-is-also-a-snake-oil-salesman/) - It has been reported that Kash Patel, Donald Trump’s pick to lead the FBI. Patel seems to be a scary man. During 2023 appearance on Steve Bannon's "War Room" podcast, Patel agreed that Trump is "dead serious" about his intent to seek revenge against his political enemies should he be elected in 2024. Patel stated: "We will go out and
- [The Current State of the Quality of Homeopathic Clinical Research](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/the-current-state-of-the-quality-of-homeopathic-clinical-research/) - This paper examined the state of homeopathic clinical research by critically assessing the overall quality of peer-reviewed, recently published, English-language, homeopathic clinical research in terms of internal, external, and model validity using standard and homeopathic-specific instruments. Further, an international panel of nine experts in research methods and homeopathy to identifed gaps in homeopathic research and
- [Donald Trump might try to "outlaw" some vaccinations in the US](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/donald-trump-might-try-to-outlaw-some-vaccinations-in-the-us/) - Being a dedicated crook and a liar himself, Donald Trump has long had an inclination to surround himself with crooks and liars. As discussed repeatedly, this preferance naturally extends into the realm of healthcare, Some time ago, he sought the advice of Andrew Wakefield, the man who published the fraudulent research that started the myth
- [A practitioner of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) was sentenced 10 years in UK prison](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/a-practitioner-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-was-sentenced-10-years-in-uk-prison/) - We had to deal with Hongchi Xiao several times before: Slapping therapy? No thanks! China Power and Influence Slapping therapy: therapist arrested and charged with manslaughter by gross negligence Slapping therapy is based on the notion that slapping patients at certain points of their body has positive therapeutic effects. Hongchi Xiao, a Chinese-born investment banker,
- [Treatment of plantar warts using hypnosis? ... No!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/treatment-of-plantar-warts-using-hypnosis-no/) - In this case study, the authors describe an adult patient who struggled with persistent warts on the plantar surface of the foot for several years. All medical therapies were exhausted, so the patient turned to medical hypnosis as a last resort. The patient experienced complete resolution of all his warts after three sessions of medical
- [There is no reliable evidence to show that homeopathy is effective for ADHD](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/there-is-no-reliable-evidence-to-show-that-homeopathy-is-effective-for-adhd/) - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting children and adults, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Despite the effectiveness of conventional treatments, such as stimulants, side effects drive interest in alternative therapies like homeopathy. This systematic review was aimed at determining the effectiveness of homeopathy as a treatment for
- [Camilla is suffering from 'diminished reserves of energy' after her Ayurvedic treatment at the 'Soukya International Holistic Health Centre'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/camilla-is-suffering-from-diminished-reserves-of-energy-after-her-ayurvedic-treatment-at-the-soukya-international-holistic-health-centre/) - More reason to worry about our royal family? Apparently, Camilla (I apologise for calling her thus, as I am never entirely sure whether she is Queen or Queen Consort: Camilla, the wife of Prince Charles, will be formally known as Queen Consort now that her husband is King12. When Camilla and Charles married in a civil ceremony
- [The Healy quantum bollocks just won an award!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/the-healy-quantum-bollocks-just-won-an-award/) - The 'Healy' has featured on this blog before and is thus known to my regulars: The ‘Healy’: deep cellular healing with quantum bollocks. Now the 'Healy' has won an award ... albeit a negative one: the Austrian Skeptiks necative prize 'GOLDENES BRETT VORM KOPF' (Golden Plank before the Head) Other nomineed for the award were: The broadcaster
- [Spinal manipulations for migraine: a systematic review](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/spinal-manipulations-for-migraine-a-systematic-review/) - This update of a systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of spinal manipulations as a treatment for migraine headaches. Amed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Mantis, Index to Chiropractic Literature, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to September 2023. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating spinal manipulations (performed by various healthcare professionals including physiotherapists, osteopaths, and chiropractors) for
- [The 'Austrian 'Chamber of Veterinarian Medicine' ... and a storm in a homeopathic tea cup](https://edzardernst.com/2024/12/the-austrian-chamber-of-veterinarian-medicine-and-storm-in-a-homeopathic-tea-cup/) - As long as I can remember, the 'Austrian 'Chamber of Veterinarian Medicine' (CVM) has been a staunch supporter of homeopathy. If anyone doubts this statement, he/she should perhaps have a look at the three courses the CVM offered during the last month alone: Datum PLZ, Ort Titel 05.11.2024 123 online Vortragsreihe Teil 1 - Allgemeine
- [The UK 'Assisted Dying Bill': reasons for concern?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-uk-assisted-dying-bill-reasons-for-concern/) - If you live in the UK, you could not possibly escape the discussion about the 'Assisted Dying Bill' which passed yesterday's vote in the House of Commons (MPs have voted by 330 to 275 in favour of legalising voluntary assisted suicide). Once the bill passed all the further parliamentary hurdles - which might take several
- [King Charles’s doctor: If homeopathy helps patients, what’s the problem?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/king-charless-doctor-if-homeopathy-helps-patients-whats-the-problem/) - THE TIMES recently published an interview with (my ex-friend) Michael Dixon, a person who has featured regularly on this blog. Here is a short passage relevant to our many discussions about homeopathy: “Can I say on the record I’ve never studied homeopathy,” he says. “I’ve never even offered homeopathy. What I have done is said
- [David Beckham jumped on the 'supplement-gravy-train' - a case for the ASA?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/david-beckham-jumped-on-the-supplement-gravy-train-a-case-for-the-asa/) - A journalist from the DAILY MAIL alerted me to the fact that yet another celebrity having decided to sell dietary supplements, interviewed me on the subject, and eventually published an article about it. One would not have thought that the Beckhams are short of money - so, why did David Beckham turn into a snake-oil
- [Cardiovascular risks of COVID-19 vaccination among 46 million adults in England](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/cardiovascular-risks-of-covid-19-vaccination-among-46-million-adults-in-england/) - The alleged harm of Covid-vaccinations is a topic that still leads to misunderstandings, perhaps nowhere more than in the realm of so-called alternative medicine. Therefore, this paper seems relevant. The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the
- [Is Janette Nesheiwat, Donald Trump's New Surgeon General, a Snake-Oil Sales-Woman?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/is-janette-nesheiwat-donald-trumps-new-surgeon-general-a-snake-oil-sales-woman/) - "As a medical doctor having taken care of thousands of patients in my life, I strive to ensure the health safety and superior wellbeing of my patients. I continue to encourage, educate and inform not only my patients, but the public to stay strong and healthy any time, not just during a pandemic. Our body
- [Dry needling for orofacial pain? ... No!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/dry-needling-for-orofacial-pain-no/) - Dry needling (DN) is a treatment used by various healthcare practitioners, including physical therapists, physicians, and chiropractors. It involves the use of either solid filiform needles or hollow-core hypodermic needles for therapy of muscle pain, including pain related to myofascial pain syndrome. DN is mainly used to treat myofascial trigger points, but it is also used to
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in France: an amusing anecdote](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-in-france-an-amusing-anecdote/) - I don't normally report personal things but today I will make an exception. This story is simply too good to ignore. A French friend of mine was recently looking to employ a new secretary. She short-listed and interviewed 10 candidates. To her surprise (and amusement), 5 of the 10 had some sort of 'medical' diploma.
- [A German court ruled on 'informed consent' in so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/a-german-court-ruled-on-informed-consent-in-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - It has been reported that the Dresden Higher Regional Court (OLG) examined the extent to which a doctor must inform his patient, if he/she uses so-called alternative medine (SCAM) that deviates from conventional medicine. To be precise, the case was about a detoxification therapy with so-called chelating agents. A patient had received 'holistic treatment' for
- [The 'Bavarian Homeopathy Study' has been Aborted](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-bavarian-homeopathy-study-has-been-aborted/) - The Bavarian homeopathy study has been aborted! As I posted in 2019, the Bavarian government has given the go-ahead to a major study of homeopathy. The study was aimed at clarifying whether the use of homeopathic remedies can reduce the use of antibiotics in humans and animals. The vote was carried because of the CDU
- [Donald Trump nominated SCAM promoter, Mehmet Oz, to lead the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/donald-trump-nominated-scam-promoter-mehmet-oz-to-lead-the-centers-for-medicare-and-medicaid-services-cms/) - Donald Trump has nominated Dr. Mehmet Oz, a celebrity physician known for his US television show, to lead the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Some 20 years ago, I had the pleasure to briefly meet Oz at a conference. I can honestly say that I rarely met anyone who was - in my
- [The 'Free University Amsterdam' appoints a chiropractor as Professor!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-free-university-amsterdam-appoints-a-chiropractor-as-professor/) - Guest post by Catherine de Jong Academic circles have reacted with surprise to the announcement on 12 November of the appointment of chiropractor Sidney Rubinstein as endowed professor at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The website of the Dutch Chiropractors Association (NCA) states: "On 1 August 2024, Mr. Sidney Rubinstein was appointed professor by special appointment
- [The 'International Chiropractors Association' Congratulated Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. on His Selection as 'Secretary of Health and Human Services'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-international-chiropractors-association-congratulated-robert-f-kennedy-jr-on-his-selection-as-secretary-of-health-and-human-services/) - While medical experts across the world have expressed dismay at Trump's appointment of Robert Kennedy, the 'International chiropractors Association' has just published this remarkable note: Donald J. Trump made it official that he was nominating Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. to serve as the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Secretary-designee Kennedy has spent his entire
- [Trump's new 'Director of National Intelligence', Tulsi Gabbard, belongs to a secretive cult](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/trumps-new-director-of-national-intelligence-tulsi-gabbard-belongs-to-a-secretive-cult/) - It has been announced that Tulsi Gabbard (born 1981) was selected by Donald Trump to become the future Director of National Intelligence (DNI) who serves as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and directs and oversees the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All IC agencies report directly to the DNI. "For over two
- [Data dredging finds a false-positive 'real-world impact' of acupuncture](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/data-dredging-finds-a-false-positive-real-world-impact-of-acupuncture/) - This study evaluated the real-world impact of acupuncture on analgesics and healthcare resource utilization among breast cancer survivors. The authors selected from a United States (US) commercial claims database (25% random sample of IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus for Academics) 18–63 years old malignant breast cancer survivors who were experiencing pain and were ≥ 1 year removed from cancer
- [Disinformation enabled Donald Trump’s second term](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/disinformation-enabled-donald-trumps-second-term/) - The BMJ just published an article entitled "Disinformation enabled Donald Trump’s second term and is a crisis for democracies everywhere". Please allow me to show you a few excerpts from this paper: Donald Trump did not win the 2020 election, but asserting that he did became a prerequisite for Republicans standing for nomination to Congress
- [Another dodgy SCAM paper has been retracted - here is some advice on how to avoid such calamities](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/another-dodgy-scam-paper-has-been-retracted-here-is-some-advice-on-how-to-avoid-such-calamities/) - Two years ago, I reported about an acupuncture review that was, in my view, a fairly clear case of scientific misconduct. To remind you, here is my from 22/11/22 about it: Acupuncture is emerging as a potential therapy for relieving pain, but the effectiveness of acupuncture for relieving low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) during
- [Natural does not mean harmless! Adverse effects of herbal medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/natural-does-not-mean-harmless-adverse-effects-of-herbal-medicine/) - We all tend to believe that natural means harmless. Sadly this notion is far from true. The Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) compiles spontaneously reported adverse event data for medicinal products including herbal medicines. This study analyzed adverse event data specifically related to herbal medicine products from the KAERS database. Individual case safety reports (ICSRs)
- [US Chiropractor suspended for 5 years](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/us-chiropractor-suspended-for-5-years/) - It has been reported that a chiropractor from Boulder City, US, has lost his license to practice for five years. The sentence could be extended if he does not adhere to requirements imposed by the Chiropractic Physicians’ Board of Nevada. During a hearing, Tenney and his attorney, Hal Reiser, appeared before the board via Zoom
- [Are Osteopathic Manipulations Superior to Sham or Placebo for Neck-Pain or Low-Back Pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/are-osteopathic-manipulations-superior-to-sham-or-placebo-for-neck-pain-or-low-back-pain/) - Spanish colleagues and I just published an article entitled "Is Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Clinically Superior to Sham or Placebo for Patients with Neck or Low-Back Pain? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis". Here is its abstract: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare whether osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for somatic dysfunctions was
- ['THE EFFICACY OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES IN ACUTE PHARYNGITIS' ... more homeopathic BS from India](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-efficacy-of-homeopathic-medicines-in-acute-pharyngitis-more-homeopathic-bs-from-india/) - The 'WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH' just published a paper entitled RESEARCH TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES IN ACUTE PHARYNGITIS- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. It is remarkable, in my view; please let me show you its abstract: This observational study aims to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic medicines in the management of acute
- [The anti-depressive effects of warm footbaths versus those of reflexology](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/the-anti-depressive-effects-of-warm-footbaths-versus-those-of-reflexology/) - This study seeked to examine and compare the respective impacts of warm foot baths and foot reflexology on depression in patients undergoing radiotherapy. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran in 2019, following CONSORT guidelines. Participants included non-metastatic cancer patients aged 18-60 undergoing a 28-day radiotherapy course. Patients
- [Donald Trump, the US election - and my shortest blog post ever](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/donald-trump-the-us-election-and-my-shortest-blog-post-ever/) - I remember vividly when, on the morning the Brexit vote was announced in 2016, I switchted on the radio, heard the news and broke out in tears. Today, a similar thing happened. I was wrong in thinking that the US would not elect a dangerous felon. I was wrong in assuming the Americans had more
- [Politically correct bullshit about Rongoā Māori, the Indigenous healing practices of New Zealand's Māori](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/politically-correct-bullshit-about-rongoa-maori-the-indigenous-healing-practices-of-new-zealands-maori/) - This paper discussed the potential for collaboration of Rongoā Māori, the Indigenous healing practices of Māori, with New Zealand's contemporary healthcare system. It aims to bridge the gap between Rongoā Māori and Western medicine by exploring the perspectives of practitioners from both fields, identifying barriers to integration, and highlighting potential areas for collaboration. Qualitative interviews
- [It is time, I think, that the anti-vaxers eat a slice of humble pie and apologise](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/it-is-time-i-think-that-the-anti-vaxers-eat-a-slice-of-humble-pie-and-appologise/) - During the past years, I have had multiple COVID vaccinations (5, if I remember correctly). Not once did I experience an adverse reation, and evidently, I did not die either! This, however, if you remember, was vociferously predicted by many anti-vaxers many of them staunch advocates of so-called alternative medicine and several keen contributors to
- [Homeopathy for Rheumatological Diseases:  Complete Nonsense Masquerading as a Systematic Review](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/homeopathy-for-rheumatological-diseases-complete-nonsense-masquerading-as-a-systematic-review/) - The aim of this article was to review the use of homeopathy in rheumatic diseases (RDs). PubMed and Embase databases were examined for literature on homeopathy and RDs between 1966 and April 2023. 15 articles were included. The diseases treated were osteoarthritis (n=3), rheumatoid arthritis (n=3), ankylosing spondylitis (n=1), hyperuricemia (n=1), tendinopathy (n=1). The age
- [Is homeopathy in need of a philosophical and political reframing?  No! ... But my ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME has a new member](https://edzardernst.com/2024/11/is-homeopathy-in-need-of-a-philosophical-and-political-reframing-no-but-my-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame-has-a-new-member/) - The 'LIGA MEDICORUM HOMOEOPATHICA INTERNATIONALIS' recently held its 77th 'World Homeopathic Congress' in Seville, Spain. No, I was not invited and did not attend, but I have seen the abstract of a keynote lecture by Prof. Josef M Schmidt from the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany (the university where I studied and worked for many years).
- [King Charles, Queen Consort Camilla on secret Bengaluru trip for treatment](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/king-charles-queen-consort-camilla-on-secret-bengaluru-trip-for-treatment/) - It has been reported that King Charles is on a secret trip to Bengaluru, his first visit to India since being coronated as king of the United Kingdom on May 6, 2023, at Westminster Abbey, London. Charles arrived in Bengaluru on October 27 and will be at the Soukya International Holistic Health Centre (SIHHC) in Whitefield for
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in Austria - the situation is not far from scandalous!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-in-austria-the-situation-is-not-far-from-scandalous/) - I was recently invited to give a lecture to the local medical association in Graz Austria. It was a pleasure to be in Austria again and a delight to visit the beautiful town of Graz. They had given me the following subject: Mythen in der sogenannten Alternativmedizin [Myths of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)] In my
- [US Physician and Medical Practice Pay $3.8 Million to Resolve False Claims Act Allegations](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/us-physician-and-medical-practice-pay-3-8-million-to-resolve-false-claims-act-allegations/) - It has been reported that Dr. Janette J. Gray of San Diego and her former medical practice, The Center for Health & Wellbeing in San Diego, have agreed to pay $3.8 million to settle allegations that they violated the False Claims Act by knowingly submitting false claims to the Medicare and TRICARE programs. Dr. Gray
- [The 'Yes to Life Show' is outright dangerous, if you ask me](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/the-yes-to-life-show-is-outright-dangerous-if-you-ask-me/) - 'Yes to Life' is a UK cancer charity that promotes so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). It has featured before on my blog: Uncharitable charities? The example of ‘YES TO LIFE’ 'Yes to Life' also runs a radio show: The Yes to Life Show is presented by Robin Daly, Founder and Chairman of the UK registered charity
- [The infamous journal 'Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine' is no more!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/the-infamous-journal-evidence-based-complementary-and-alternative-medicine-is-no-more/) - If I remember correctly, I was - some 20 years ago - a founding member of the editorial board of the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (EBCAM). I also published several papers there, but eventually I became concerned about what seemed to be going on at the journal (it seemed a money-making scam to
- [Mistletoe, a cancer SCAM, can cause an anaphylactic shock](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/mistletoe-a-cancer-scam-can-cause-an-anaphylactic-shock/) - Mistletoe is a popular so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) often advocated for cancer. It has featured regualarly on this blog: A cancer patient died after taking a herbal mixture containing mistletoe A systematic analysis of the mistletoe prescriptions used in clinical studies Prof Harald Walach reviews mistletoe and arrives at a positive conclusion Mistletoe treatment for
- [A New Study Suggests that Lavender Oil is Effective for Pain and Anxiety - BUT I HAVE MY DOUBTS](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/a-new-study-suggests-that-lavender-oil-is-effective-for-pain-and-anxiety-but-i-have-my-doubts/) - Some research have suggested that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil can be effective in reducing pain and anxiety in various medical settings. Yet, the efficacy of lavender aromatherapy in the postoperative setting after cesarean delivery is less well-studied. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lavender essential oil therapy in the management of pain
- [Feel like joining my research team?  ...   WELL, DON'T!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/feel-like-joining-my-research-team-well-dont/) - In the past, I have supervised dozens of degree students - I estimate the total number to be around 50! Most of them were in Munich, a few in Hannover, some in Vienna and around 10 in Exeter. Almost without exception, I enjoyed this work, mostly perhaps because each thesis had a time limit and
- [Does Conventional Medicine Invite the Rise of Alternative Medicine?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/does-conventional-medicine-invite-the-rise-of-alternative-medicine/) - I was alerted to an article that makes several interesting points about the current popularity of so-called alternative medicine. Here is a section of it: The rise of alternative medicine invites the question, what is conventional medicine doing, or not doing, that leads to all this alternative medicine? Here are some hypotheses that I invite
- [NHS hospitals spent a fortune on “quack” therapies such as reiki and foot massages last year](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/nhs-hospitals-spent-a-fortune-on-quack-therapies-such-as-reiki-and-foot-massages-last-year/) - THE SUN (...yes, I know! ...) reported last Sunday that figures from 20 trusts show they forked out for questionable treatments for more than 3,000 patients. Treatments also including acupuncture and aromatherapy cost a total of £269,000. If the figure is applied across all 120-plus trusts the true cost could be well over £1.5 million.
- [Homoeopathy vs. conventional primary care in children during the first 24 months of life](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/homoeopathy-vs-conventional-primary-care-in-children-during-the-first-24-months-of-life/) - This pragmatic, randomised controlled trial was conducted between September 2018 and February 2021 and compared the difference between primary homoeopathic and conventional paediatric care in treating acute illnesses in children in their first 24 months of life. It was conducted at the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) Collaborative Outpatient Department of the Jeeyar Integrated
- [Is Chiropractic Efficient in Treatment of Diseases? A Review of Systematic Reviews](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/is-chiropractic-efficient-in-treatment-of-diseases-a-review-of-systematic-reviews/) - Chiropractic is a complementary medicine that has been growing increasingly in different countries over recent decades. It addresses the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the neuromusculoskeletal system disorders and their effects on the whole body health. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic in the treatment of different diseases. To gather data, scientific
- [Press needle acupuncture for mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A single-blind, randomized trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/press-needle-acupuncture-for-mild-to-moderate-covid-19-a-single-blind-randomized-trial/) - In China, acupuncture has been employed as an adjunctive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Press needle acupuncture is a special type of acupuncture that provides prolonged stimulation to acupuncture points. This study assessed the effectiveness of integrating press needles alongside pharmacologic treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Patients hospitalized with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 symptoms between
- [Individualized Homeopathic Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Conditions: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Feasibility Trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/individualized-homeopathic-medicinal-products-in-the-treatment-of-post-covid-19-conditions-a-double-blind-randomized-placebo-controlled-feasibility-trial/) - The objective of the present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, feasibility trial was to identify the effects of individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) against placebos in post-COVID-19 conditions. Sixty participants with post-COVID-19 conditions were randomised into either: group verum (n = 30; IHMPs plus concomitant care), group control (n = 30; placebos plus concomitant care). Feasibility issues; primary—post-COVID-19
- [Acupuncture versus Sham Acupuncture for Chronic Sciatica - another finding that is too good to be true?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/acupuncture-versus-sham-acupuncture-for-chronic-sciatica-another-finding-that-is-too-good-to-be-true/) - Although acupuncture is widely used by patients with chronic sciatica, the evidence of its efficacy is scarce. The objective of this multicenter 2-arm randomized clinical trial, conducted in 6 tertiary-level hospitals in China, was to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture compared with sham acupuncture in patients with chronic sciatica from herniated disk. Participants
- [Ayurvedic medicine in the management of hypertension: how to kill millions with quackery and bullshit](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/ayurvedic-medicine-in-the-management-of-hypertension-how-to-kill-millions-with-quackery-and-bullshit/) - An article entitled "The use of ayurvedic medicine in the management of hypertension" was recently published in the 'Journal of Ayurveda and Naturopathy' (no, I did not know either that this journal existed). Here I show you merely its conclusion, but encourage you to read the entire paper. Hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular
- [Use of SCAM among adults with post-COVID-19](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/use-of-scam-among-adults-with-post-covid-19/) - The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and type of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) use as well as potential factors related to SCAM use in a representative sample of US adults with self-reported post-COVID-19. This secondary data analysis was based on data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey 2022 (NHIS) regarding
- [Homeopathy Use in 'Integrative Oncology': NONSENSE ON STILTS](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/homeopathy-use-in-integrative-oncology-nonsense-on-stilts/) - This article aimed to describe the applications of homeopathy in women with non-metastatic breast cancer in France. Patients, general practitioner-homeopaths, and oncologists were included based on defined criteria, utilizing a theoretical sampling strategy. Due to evidence and ethics, homeopathy was considered only as complementary in integrative oncology (IO). Data were collected until saturation was reached
- [Misleading “Cancer Cure” Books on Amazon: the scandal that has so far been widely ignored](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/misleading-cancer-cure-books-on-amazon-the-scandal-that-has-so-far-been-widely-ignored/) - While the evidence base on web-based cancer misinformation continues to develop, relatively little is known about the extent of such information on the world’s largest e-commerce website, Amazon. Multiple media reports indicate that Amazon may host on its platform questionable cancer-related products for sale, such as books on purported cancer cures. This context suggests an
- [A further study confirms: HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES HAVE NO SPECIFIC EFFECTS; ANY BENEFITS ARE DUE TO NON-SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF THE THERAPEUTIC ENCOUNTER, PLACEBO, ETC.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/a-further-study-confirms-homeopathic-remedies-have-no-specific-effects-any-benefits-are-due-to-non-specific-effects-of-the-therapeutic-encounter/) - Approximately 30% of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most prevalent mental health disorder in children worldwide, do not respond to conventional pharmaceutical treatments. Previous studies of homeopathic treatment for ADHD have been inconclusive. The objectives of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial were to determine if there (a) is an overall effect of homeopathic
- [The importance of diet in so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/the-importance-of-diet-in-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Nearly every time that I talk to proponents of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) I hear a lot about diet. Diet is a central theme to almost all of them, it seems. In such conversations, several issues often emerge and frequently take the form of accusations, e.g.: Conventional medicine neglects the importance of diet for our
- ["The State of Homeopathic Research" as published by RAND](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/the-state-of-homeopathic-research-as-published-by-rand/) - RAND claims to be "a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest." Recently, RAND has published an extensive report entitled 'THE STATE OF HOMEOPATHIC RESEARCH". Here I show
- [Spain's Health Minister denounces homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/spains-health-minister-denounces-homeopathy/) - In Europe, homeopathy is not enjoying the best of times. Firtst, the English NHS stopped reimbursing it, then France followed suit, and later the Germans too started thinking about it. Now it might be Spain's turn. For several years, Spain has taken a critical stance towards so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in General and homeopathy in
- [Bad news for France: Patrick Hetzel, the new Minister for Higher Education and Research seems to be an anti-scientist](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/bad-news-for-france-patrick-hetzel-the-new-minister-for-higher-education-and-research-seems-to-be-an-anti-scientist/) - As I live partly in France, I often report about what is going on in this country in relation to so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Here are a few recent posts: France outlaws practices which expose patients to a serious health risk Dispute about so-called alternative medicine practitioners in France Homeopathy in France: going, going, gone!
- [Artificial Intelligence (AI) could be a game-changer in protecting the public from misinformation about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/artificial-intelligence-ai-could-be-a-game-changer-in-protecting-the-public-from-misinformation-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the UK is subject to voluntary, publicly funded regulation. SCAM practitioners are known to make misleading health claims. This study used an artificial intelligence (AI) tool to measure the prevalence of such claims. Websites operated by practitioners of SCAM, registered with the UK 'Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council', were downloaded
- [Is there an association between chiropractic spinal manipulation and cauda equina syndrome?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/is-there-an-association-between-chiropractic-spinal-manipulation-and-cauda-equina-syndrome/) - Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a lumbosacral surgical emergency that has been associated with chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) in numerous case reports. However, identifying if there is a potential causal effect is complicated by the heightened incidence of CES among those with low back pain (LBP). This study's hypothesis was that there would be no
- [Prevention and so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/10/prevention-and-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Advocates of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) almost uniformly stress the importance of prevention and pride themselves to make much use of SCAM for the purpose of prevention. SCAM, they often claim, is effective for prevention, while conventional medicine tends to neglect it. Therefore, it seems timely to ponder a bit about the subject. It makes
- [A warning for consumers and healthcare professionals: DO NOT USE THIS HOMEOPATHIC PRODUCT!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/a-warning-for-consumers-and-healthcare-professionals-do-not-use-this-homeopathic-product/) - 'ARS TECHNICA' recently reported that the maker of a homeopathic nasal spray is refusing to recall its product after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found evidence of dangerous microbial contamination. On 18 September 2024, the FDA therefore warned consumers to immediately stop using 'SnoreStop nasal spray'—made by Green Pharmaceuticals—because it may contain microbes that,
- [The infamous study by Frass et al (on homeopathy for cancer) has been 'corrected' but not retracted](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-infamous-study-by-frass-et-al-on-homeopathy-for-cancer-has-been-corrected-but-not-retracted/) - I have mentioned the infamous paper by Frass et al several times: Homeopathy’s most prominent researcher, Prof Michael Frass, has been found guilty of “data falsification, fabrication and manipulation” Michael Frass’ research into homeopathy for cancer: “numerous breaches of scientific integrity” An update on the dubious cancer study by Prof Michael Frass et al A
- ["Cupping significantly improves pain and disability" - so, why am I skeptical?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/cupping-significantly-improves-pain-and-disability-so-why-am-i-skeptical/) - Cupping is a from of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that has featured already many times on this blog, e.g.: Wet cupping in the management of cervical spondylosis? No! The effectiveness of cupping therapy for low back pain Cupping: “the propagation of ancient, scientifically unsound techniques that may cause more harm than benefit” Cupping therapy for
- [A homeopathic remedy "particularly suited for treating premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/a-homeopathic-remedy-particularly-suited-for-treating-premature-ejaculation-and-erectile-dysfunction/) - Having recently come across the strange and scary story of the Nazi's experiments on Caladium Seguinum, I did some research to find out about the current medicinal uses of this plant. Perhaps unsurprisingly, it is today mostly advocated as a homeopathic remedy. In particular, it is highly recommended for erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation.
- [Pilates for quality of life, fatigue and body image in head and neck cancer survivors](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/pilates-on-quality-of-life-fatigue-and-body-image-in-head-and-neck-cancer-survivors/) - This study analyzed the effect of a protocol based on the Mat Pilates method in an intervention group compared to a usual care control group, on quality of life, fatigue and body image of head and neck cancer survivors. The study was designed as a randomized clinical trial with 30 survivors, allocated into an intervention
- [Himmler, herbs and 'race hygiene': The Nazi's research on involuntary sterilisation with herbal medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/himmler-herbs-and-race-hygiene-the-nazis-research-on-involuntary-sterilisation-with-the-herbal-medicine/) - Soon after taking power in 1933, the Nazis introduced a program of involuntary sterilisation of those German citizens who they considered unworthy of reproduction. These were predominantly, but not exclusively, people afflicted with heridetary diseases. The declared aim was to sanitize the German gene pool. Involuntary sterilisation was legalized through the ‘law for the prevention
- ["The Power of Reiki"  -  or perhaps the failures of pseudo-science?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-power-of-reiki-or-perhaps-the-failures-of-pseudo-science/) - This study aimed to determine the effects of Reiki on pain and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. This investigation was designed as a "single-blind, repeated measures, randomized prospective controlled study". It was conducted between August 2022 and April 2023 with patients who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In the Reiki group
- [Chiropractic - Is it Worth the Taxpayer’s Expense?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/chiropractic-is-it-worth-the-taxpayers-expense/) - "Is Chiropractic Worth the Taxpayer’s Expense?" is the interesting question asked in this article by Ikenna Idika Ogbu from the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of North Midlands, UK and Chandrasekaran Kaliaperumal from the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK. Here is the abstract: Chiropractic remains a service provided outside the NHS
- [If you ask me, Chinese herbal medicines are best avoided](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/if-you-ask-me-chinese-herbal-medicines-are-best-avoided/) - Many patients seek Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics. This study aimed to estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in adults diagnosed with obesity, with or without CHM. Patients with obesity aged 18 to 50 years were identified using diagnostic codes from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database
- [Homeopathy for treating knee osteoarthritis: more scientific misconduct by Indian homeopaths?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/homeopathy-for-treating-knee-osteoarthritis-more-scientific-misconduct-by-indian-homeopaths/) - This study aimed at examining the feasibility issues of comparing individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) with identical-looking placebos for treating knee osteoarthritis (OA). Forty eligible patients participated in this double-blind, randomized (1:1), placebo-controlled feasibility trial in the outpatient clinics of a homeopathic hospital in West Bengal, India. Either IHMs or identical-looking placebos were administered, along with
- [Breast Cancer Patients' "Lived Experience" of So-Called Alternative Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/breast-cancer-patients-lived-experience-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - This study aimed to explore women with breast cancer (WBC) lived experiences on the use of So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM) for breast cancer management. In-depth interviews guided by semi-structured questions were conducted with 21 WBC recruited using convenience sampling. The thematic analysis generated four main themes: Access, affordability and support for medical treatment. Beliefs in
- [... and here is the true reason why some German doctors use homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/and-here-is-the-true-reason-why-some-german-doctors-use-homeopathy/) - 'DOC Check' just published an interesting article. Allow me to translate some passages for you: In 2023, the German Federal Insititute for Drugs and Devices (BfArM) stated: ‘To date no homeopathic medicinal product has been authorised by the BfArM based on a study submitted by the applicant.’ So why are homeopathic medicines still covered by statutory
- ["Overuse Injuries in Children: A Homoeopathic Approach": SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT or FRAUD?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/overuse-injuries-in-children-a-homoeopathic-approach-scientific-misconduct-or-fraud/) - After all these years, some homeopaths still manage to make me (almost) speechless. Here is the abstract of an article (Ravi Raghul.G, Shivaprasad J. Overuse Injuries in Children: A Homoeopathic Approach. Indian J Integr Med. 2024; Online First.) that achieved this rare feast of incompetence: The increasing participation of children in organized competitive sports has
- [When laughter might indeed be the best therapy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/when-laughter-might-indeed-be-the-best-therapy/) - The aim of this non-inferiority randomised controlled study was to assess the efficacy and safety of laughter exercise in patients with symptomatic dry eye disease. Recruitment was from clinics and community and the trial took place at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, the largest ophthalmic centre in China, between 18 June 2020 to 8
- [Acupuncture research at its worst](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/acupuncture-research-at-its-worse/) - Osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorder that strongly affects the elderly population and decreases their quality of life. Pain, stiffness, and restricted knee movements are the major characteristic features of OAK. There are no studies available on the effect of the liver 7 (LR 7) acupuncture point on pain and
- [Homeopathy is reported to reduce the fatality rate of children with acute encephalitis by 15% - but I find this hard to believe](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/homeopathy-is-reported-to-reduce-the-fatality-rate-by-15-in-children-with-acute-encephalitis-but-i-find-this-hard-to-believe/) - Acute encephalitis syndrome is a health burden to a populous country like India. It is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, altered sensorium with or without seizures, irritability, abnormal behaviour, or unconsciousness. This study aims to augment further evidence on the effects of add-on homeopathic treatment in reducing mortality and morbidity in children. This
- [The role of SCAM in general practice in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-role-of-scam-in-general-practice-differ-between-countries/) - Available data suggest that general practitioners (GPs) in Germany use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) modalities more frequently than GPs in many other countries. German researchers investigated the country differences perceived by GPs who have worked in Germany and in one of four other European countries with regard to the role of SCAM in primary care.
- [Quackademia in Canada: the first bachelor's degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/quackademia-in-canada-the-first-bachelors-degree-in-traditional-chinese-medicine/) - The Canadian Kwantlen Polytechnic University (KPU) has announced that it will launch Canada's first bachelor's degree in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Greenlit by the B.C. government to fill what it calls rising demand in the labour market, the new program marks a major step in Canadian recognition of TCM. However, skeptics of TCM and other so-called
- [Yet another researcher of homeopathy joins my ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/yet-another-researcher-of-homeopathy-joins-my-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - The German 'TAZ' recently reported about an interesting homeopathic research project. Here I have translated a few excerpts for you: The title of the research project at the University of Oldenburg is unspectacular: ‘Microbiological investigation of the maturation process of mother tinctures’. However, the sponsor and the word ‘mother tincture’ make you wonder. The project, which
- [The amount of utterly useless 'research' into so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is monstrous. A rant from a long-suffering researcher who reads all of this drivel](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-amount-of-utterly-useless-research-into-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-is-monstrous-a-rant-from-a-long-suffering-researcher-who-reads-all-of-this-drivel/) - Some people seem to be impressed by the amount of publications that is currently being published on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Last year, for example, Mediline listed around 1 500 articles on the subject. Is that really impressive? No! Firstly, compared to other subjects, the number is small. If you look in Medline for 'pharmacological
- [The effect of an electric massage chair on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-effect-of-an-electric-massage-chair-on-chemotherapy-induced-nausea-and-vomiting-in-cancer-patients/) - Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common adverse event in cancer patients and can negatively affect their quality of life (QoL). This randomized phase II cross-over trial aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of an electric massage chair (EMC) for the treatment of CINV. It was conducted on solid cancer patients who received moderate (MEC) to
- [More rubbish pseudo-research sponsored by the 'Carstens Stiftung'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/more-rubbish-pseudo-research-sponsored-by-the-carstens-stiftung/) - You might remember that I recently reported of TWO studies sponsored by the 'Carstens Stiftung' and wonder whether the second is any better that the first. Here is its published outline: Multimodal online programme and biosignal analysis: Here, too, the basic principles of a plant-based wholefood diet, Kneipp hydrotherapy, naturopathic self-help strategies and elements of holistic
- [Bach Flower Remedies for perceived stress of nurses: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/bach-flower-remedies-for-perceived-stress-of-nurses-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-double-blind-clinical-trial/) - Bach Flower Remedies are popular despite a paucity of clinical trials testing their effectiveness. This is why I am excited each time a new trial emerges. This study analyzed the effectiveness of Bach flower therapy compared to placebo in reducing perceived stress levels in primary health care nursing professionals. It was designed as a "pragmatic,
- [The 'Carl and Veronica Carstens Foundation' is funding a nonsensical Kneipp study of 'Long-COVID'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/09/the-carl-and-veronica-carstens-foundation-is-funding-a-nonsensical-kneipp-study-of-long-covid/) - The Carl and Veronica Carstens Foundation is providing EUR 600,000 for 2 research projects to identify effective so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) therapies for post-COVID syndrome. The one that I will focus on here is headed by a member of my ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME, Prof Dr Gustav Dobos, Essen University Hospital. The project is
- [Homeopathy for Treating Uterine Fibroids? A "comprehensive review" turns out to be a comprehensive example of how to comprehensively mislead with comprehensively dishonest research.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/homeopathy-for-treating-uterine-fibroids-a-comprehensive-review-turns-out-to-be-a-comprehensive-example-of-how-to-comprehensively-mislead-with-comprehensively-dishonest-research/) - Uterine fibroids are a common gynaecological condition often impacting quality of life. While conventional treatment options exist, there is growing interest in so-called alternative Medicine (SCAM) such as homeopathy. The objective of this review paper was to assess the effectiveness of homeopathic medicines in treating uterine fibroids through the analysis of recent clinical trials and
- [My Critique of Chiropractic from 2009](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/my-critique-of-chiropractic-from-2009/) - I sometimes like to browse through old articles of mine and amaze myself. It is now 15 years ago that I published this paper: Since 1994 chiropractic has been regulated by statute in the UK. Despite this air of respectability, a range of important problems continue to bedevil this profession. Professional organizations of chiropractic and
- [URGENT SKEPTIC ALERT: Two conferences to attend to](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/urgent-skeptic-alert-two-conferences-to-attend-to/) - I only just came across the announcements for two conferences that made me almost speachless: No 1 Homeopathy in Cancer Care – Aug. 29, 2024 Hosted by the newly formed Special Interest Group (SIG) on Research in Homeopathy in Cancer Care, this webinar aims to shed light on the role of homeopathy in cancer care, focusing
- [Integrative Therapies in Cancer Care: An Update on the Guidelines](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/integrative-therapies-in-cancer-care-an-update-on-the-guidelines/) - The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the Society for Integrative Oncology have collaborated to develop guidelines for the application of integrative approaches in the management of: anxiety, depression, fatigue, use of cannabinoids and cannabis in patients with cancer. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to improve outcomes and quality of life by enhancing conventional
- [HOMEOPATHY: Sloppy science or fraud? "The Editors therefore no longer have confidence in the results reported in this Article"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/homeopathy-sloppy-science-or-fraud-the-editors-therefore-no-longer-have-confidence-in-the-results-reported-in-this-article/) - In January 2024, this remarkable paper was published in a top journal: Macrophages are associated with innate immune response and M1-polarized macrophages exhibit pro-inflammatory functions. Nanoparticles of natural or synthetic compounds are potential triggers of innate immunity. As2O3 is the major component of the homeopathic drug, Arsenic album 30C.This has been claimed to have immune-boosting activities,
- [Teaching Homeopathy in U.S. Pharmacy Schools](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/teaching-homeopathy-in-u-s-pharmacy-schools/) - Pharmacists often advise patients on the use of over-the counter (OTC) medications, including homeopathics. Yet, little is known about student pharmacist education about homeopathy. The objectives of this study were to: describe homeopathic topics being taught in pharmacy schools, evaluate faculty views about pharmacists’ roles in counseling patients about homeopathic products. An explanatory sequential mixed
- [The defunding of homeopathy in France and England in 2000 and 2022](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/the-defunding-of-homeopathy-in-france-and-england-in-2000-and-2022/) - This paper employs a governmentality framework to explore resistance by sceptics to homeopathy’s partial settlement in the public health systems of England and France, resulting in its defunding in both countries in 2018 and 2021, respectively. While partly dependent upon long-standing problematisations - namely, that homeopathy’s ability to heal is unproven, its mechanisms implausible, and
- [An evaluation of long-term effects of integrative oncology interventions](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/an-evaluation-of-long-term-effects-of-integrative-oncology-interventions/) - Cancer often causes reduced resilience, quality of life (QoL) and poorer overall well-being. To mitigate these problems, so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is often advocated for patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of an interdisciplinary integrative oncology group-based program (IO-GP) on the resilience and use of SCAM in patients with cancer.
- [An active surveillance adverse event reporting system for chiropractors and physiotherapists](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/an-active-surveillance-adverse-event-reporting-system-for-chiropractors-and-physiotherapists/) - This prospective, community-based, active surveillance study aimed to report the incidence of moderate, severe, and serious adverse events (AEs) after chiropractic (n = 100) / physiotherapist (n = 50) visit in offices throughout North America between October-2015 and December-2017. Three content-validated questionnaires were used to collect AE information: two completed by the patient (pre-treatment [T0]
- [Treatment of Menstrual Irregularities with Individualized Homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/treatment-of-menstrual-irregularities-with-individualized-homeopathy/) - Irregular menstrual cycle is a common complaint. Recent research suggested that homeopathy is one of the most popular choices for women with various gynecological disorders. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was aimed at differentiating individualized homeopathic medicinal products (IHMPs) from identical-looking placebos in the treatment of menstrual irregularities in early reproductive women. Group verum (n
- [“Gay exorcism” and conversion therapy by the "Forward In Faith Church International Incorporated" in Scotland](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/gay-exorcism-and-conversion-therapy-by-the-forward-in-faith-church-international-incorporated-in-scotland/) - 'Conversion therapy' has previously been a subject on this blog, e.g.: Surprise, surprise! Lesbianism is not ‘cured’ by homeopathy (warning: includes very rude language) The ‘Association of Catholic Doctors’ and homeopathic conversion therapy But sadly it is not just a field for homeopaths. It has long been known that religious cults dabble it conversion therapy.
- [The Role of Homeopathy in 'Post-COVID Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders': THE WORST SCAM PAPER OF 2024?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/the-role-of-homeopathy-in-post-covid-functional-gastrointestinal-disorders-the-worst-scam-paper-of-2024/) - In the last 2 years of the pandemic, a wide range of cases of post-COVID functional gastrointestinal disorders (PC-FGIDs) has been reported. This case series aimed to investigate the role of homeopathic intervention in the treatment of PC-FGIDs. This is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of individuals who had suffered from PC-FGIDs that
- [The Certifications for Two US Physicians Accused of COVID-Misinformation Have Been Revoked](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/the-certification-for-two-us-physicians-accused-of-covid-misinformation-has-been-revoked/) - It has been reported that the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has revoked the certifications for two prominent US physicians. They are both (in)famous for leading an organization that promotes ivermectin as a treatment for COVID-19. Pierre Kory, MD, is no longer certified in critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine, according to the ABIM
- [Efficacy of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune diseases](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/efficacy-of-gut-microbiota-based-therapies-in-autoimmune-diseases/) - Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that gut microbiota-based therapies may be effective in treating autoimmune diseases, but a systematic summary is lacking. This systematic review was aimed at filling the gap. The literature searches identified total of 80 RCTs. They related to 14 types of autoimmune disease: celiac sprue, SLE, lupus nephritis (LN), RA,
- [A German magazine just published colossal nonsense about homeopathy for weight loss](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/a-german-magazine-just-published-colossal-nonsense-about-homeopathy-for-weight-loss/) - The German Magazine FürSie recently published an article on homeopathy. To be exact it is an article on how to lose weight with homeopathy. Here are a few excerpts: Globules are used in homeopathy and are said to be able to alleviate complaints. Some globules are also said to have a positive effect on weight
- [Krill Oil for Knee Osteoarthritis: A most rigorous RCT](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/krill-oil-for-knee-osteoarthritis-a-most-rigorous-rct/) - This study evaluated efficacy of krill oil supplementation, compared with placebo, on knee pain in people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis. It was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that took place in 5 Australian cities. Participants with clinical knee osteoarthritis, significant knee pain, and effusion-synovitis on
- ["You are arrogant prick to say least" ... the cheer joy of my hilarious 'fan mail'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/you-are-arrogant-prick-to-say-least-the-cheer-joy-of-my-hilarious-fan-mail/) - As you might imagine, I do get a lot of 'fan mail' that does not appear in the comments section of this blog and therefore remains invisible to my readers. Most of it is unremarkable but some of it is highly amusing and therefore deserves a wider audience, in my view. The two emails I
- [Against the Sale of Homeopathy (and Other Ineffective Medicines)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/against-the-sale-of-homeopathy-and-other-ineffective-medicines/) - The JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS (I did not even know such a journal existed) recently carried a most interesting article. Here is its abstract: Consumers spend billions of dollars per year on homeopathic products. But there is powerful evidence that these products don’t work, i.e., they are not medically effective. Should homeopathic products be for
- [Alternative cancer clinics’ use of Google listings and reviews to mislead potential patients](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/alternative-cancer-clinics-use-of-google-listings-and-reviews-to-mislead-potential-patients/) - Alternative cancer clinics (I'd prefer to call them SCAM cancer clinics), that provide treatments associated with hastening death, actively seek to create favorable views of their services online. An unexplored means where such clinics can shape their public appeal is their Google search results. For this study, a team of researchers retrieved the Google listing
- [Effects of aromatherapy on quality of life and pain in patients with cancer](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/effects-of-aromatherapy-on-quality-of-life-and-pain-in-patients-with-cancer/) - Cancer has become a chronic disease to which new therapeutic approaches are being applied and many patients are interested in the long-term consequences of these approaches. Aromatherapy is one approach that has been used as a safe and comfortable method to alleviate symptoms in patients with cancer, and its effects on various aspects of life
- [Does the typical vaccine hesitant German vote extreme right and love SCAMs?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/does-the-typical-vaccination-hesitant-german-vote-extreme-right-and-love-scams/) - Recent studies have demonstrated that sociopolitical attitudes partially explain variance in (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Other attitudes, such as those towards esoteric beliefs, so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), and religion, have also been proposed. However, pertinent studies provide limited direction for public health efforts, as the impact of such attitudes has been tested in isolation
- [A new trial concludes that "acupuncture can be used as an optional preventive therapy for chronic migraine" - but I beg to differ.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/a-new-trial-concludes-that-acupuncture-can-be-used-as-an-optional-preventive-therapy-for-chronic-migraine-but-i-beg-to-differ/) - To date, two open-label clinical trials have indicated that acupuncture may be more effective than standard medication for chronic migraine. However, drawing definitive conclusions from these trials is challenging. Studies employing a double-dummy design can eliminate the placebo effect and offer more unbiased estimates of efficacy. This double-dummy, single-blind, randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy
- [More details about the Schuessler Salt experiments conducted by the Nazis in 1942](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/more-details-about-the-nazi-experiments-conducted-on-schuessler-salts/) - As many of my readers will know (I have posted before on this topic), Schuessler Salts are highly diluted remedies invented by the German homeopath, Wilhelm Schuessler. They contain nothing in high enough concentrations to have any effect on our health. They were nonetheless heavily promoted by the Nazis during the Third Reich as part
- [The SCAMs olympians might use: is there any evidence to show that they work?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/the-scams-olympians-might-use-is-there-any-evidence-to-show-that-they-work/) - When I still worked as a clinician, I have looked after athletes long enough to know that they go for everything that promises to improve their performance. It is thus hardly surprising that Olympians would try all sorts of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) regardless of whether the therapy is supported by evidence or not. Skeptics
- [The systematic murder of disabled patients during the Third Reich ... and Donald Trump](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/the-systematic-murder-of-disabled-patients-during-the-third-reich-and-donald-trump/) - During recent months, I have (once again) began to study the horrors of Nazi medicine. The results of this work will soon be published as a (Springer) book entitled 'HITLER'S FEMALE PHYSICIANS - WOMEN DOCTORS DURING THE THIRD REICH AND THEIR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY'. When dealing with this subject, it is impossible to avoid going into the
- [Cardiovascular safety of COVID-19 vaccinations](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/cardiovascular-safety-of-covid-19-vaccinations/) - Proponents of so-called alternative medicine tend to be critical of COVID-19 vaccines and often claim that they do more harm than good. Therefore, I have in the past repeatedly discussed studies that alleviate their concerns and will continue to do so in future. A new study will provide a valuable contribution to this ongoing discussion.
- [The 'AECC' changes its name to 'Health Sciences University' - does it deserve the new title?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/08/aecc-university-college-to-health-sciences-university-does-it-deserve-the-new-title/) - Yesterday, I was sent this OfS press release and asked to comment: Approval of proposed new name for AECC University College UKPRN: 10000163 The Office for Students (OfS) has approved the use of the word 'university' in the provider's change of name from ‘AECC University College' to 'Health Sciences University’. The Higher Education and Research
- [Acupuncture for smoking cessation? I don't think so!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/acupuncture-for-smoking-cessation-i-dont-think-so/) - This study evaluated the effects of acupuncture and/or nicotine patches on smoking cessation. Eighty-eight participants were randomly allocated into four groups: acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (ACNP), acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (ACSNP), sham acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (SACNP), sham acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (SACSNP). The primary outcome was self-reported smoking
- [The Effect of Walking on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-effect-of-walking-on-depressive-and-anxiety-symptoms/) - The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different forms of walking in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted assessing the effects of walking on depressive and anxiety symptoms. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PsycINFO, Allied
- [Vaccine Hesitancy: A Study of a Childhood-Vaccine-Hesitant Population](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/vaccine-hesitancy-a-study-of-a-childhood-vaccine-hesitant-population/) - Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a continuum of attitudes, ranging from accepting vaccines with doubts to rejecting them. For good reasons, the topic has featured regularly on this blog, e.g.: Anthroposophic medicine and vaccine hesitancy: are there links? Endorsement of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and vaccine hesitancy among physicians So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and
- [Why are the death rates of some (homeopathic) hospitals lower than those of other hospitals?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/why-are-the-death-rates-of-some-homeopathic-hospitals-lower-than-those-of-other-hospitals/) - I better start this post with an appology: I am going to try and explain something that is rather obvious to rational thinkers. But recently, we had comments on this blog that made it clear to me that some of my readers are are far from rational. They have suggested that the real life test
- [Is visceral osteopathy therapy effective? Our systematic review and meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/is-visceral-osteopathy-therapy-effective-our-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - Since it is a rare occurance these days - I retired more than a decade ago - that I publish something in the peer-reviewed literature, please allow me to make some brief comments of this review just published by Spanish researchers and myself. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the
- [Trump's Promotion of Dangerous Medical Nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/trumps-promotion-of-dangerous-medical-nonsense/) - Individuals with large followings can influence public opinions and behaviors, especially during a pandemic. In the early days of the COVID pandemic, US president Donald J Trump endorsed the use of unproven therapies. Subsequently, a death attributed to the wrongful ingestion of a chloroquine-containing compound occurred. This paper investigated Donald J Trump’s speeches and Twitter
- ["Effectiveness, Safety, Accessibility, Efficiency, and Appropriateness of Homeopathy in an Epidemic"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/effectiveness-safety-accessibility-efficiency-and-appropriateness-of-homeopathy-in-an-epidemic/) - This retrospective audit aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of telehealth interventions in an out-patient, individualized homeopathy clinical setting for 305 individuals with symptoms of positive or probable COVID-19 by a team of professional homeopaths working together in the United States during spring and summer of 2020. The audit lasted from March to August 2020.
- [Why does the BBC mislead the public on matters related to so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/why-does-the-bbc-mislead-the-public-on-matters-related-to-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - The BBC has repeatedly misled the public on matters related to so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Examples include: Dangerous BS from the BBC The BBC, Michael Mosely, air ionization, depression, and an appalling lack of critical thinking. Recently the BBC published an article about Ashwagandha. Here it is in its untouched beauty: Ashwagandha is a herb
- [The health minister who insists that homeopathy is highly effective](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-health-minister-who-insists-that-homeopathy-is-highly-effective/) - Manfred Lucha has been Baden-Württemberg's Minister for Social Affairs, Health and Integration since 12 May 2016. He also is a staunch defender of homeopathy. Lucha has repeatedly spoken out in favour of maintaining the reimbursement of costs for homeopathy by health insurance companies. He described anthroposophy and homeopathy as the essence of the Green Party.
- [News from Germany: THE PLACE FOR HOMEOPATHY IS IN THE MEDICAL HISTORY BOOKS! ](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/news-from-germany-the-place-for-homeopathy-is-in-the-medical-history-books/) - The German medical profession is struggling to decide what stance it should take on homeopathy. The evidence is clear: homeopathy is a pure placebo therapy. But there are powerful lobby groups trying to prevent the general acceptance of this conclusion. Now, a further step towards progress has been taken. After two years of heated debate,
- [So-called alterative medicine (SCAM) for whooping cough: to be avoided at all cost](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/so-called-alterative-medicine-scam-for-whooping-cough-to-be-avoided-at-all-cost/) - Whooping cough is on the rise in many parts of the world; and it's far from harmless. It has been reported that 9 infants died from whooping cough in England between November last year and the end of May 2024. Altogether a total of 7599 cases of whooping cough have been confirmed in England this
- [The enemy are the professors!  Really?  Why?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-enemy-are-the-professors-really-why/) - Recently, I heard JD Vance (the would-be Vicepresident of the US) proclaim: THE ENEMY ARE THE PROFESSORS! Unsurprisingly, this remark alarmed me; I had not been previously aware of being an enemy of the people. Vance stressed that this was a quote by Richard Nixon made some 40/50 years ago. I looked up Nixon's quote
- [The Effects of Reiki on Pain, Functional Status, and Holistic Well-Being in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-effects-of-reiki-on-pain-functional-status-and-holistic-well-being-in-patients-with-knee-osteoarthritis/) - What is it about Reiki that fascinates me? It must be the exemplary poor science that its proponents use trying to convince us that it is valid. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of Reiki on pain, functional status, and holistic well-being in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The sample consisted of 42 patients.
- [The size of the SCAM market is predicted to triple within the next 10 years](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-size-of-the-scam-market-is-predicted-to-triple-within-the-next-10-years/) - A new market report predicts that the worldwide market for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) will grow from $100 billion in 2022 to $438 billion by 2032. According to the report, the SCAM market is expected to see innovation and expansion through mergers, acquisitions, and partnerships among large companies. Companies that are capitalizing on these trends
- [The place of homeopathy in dentistry](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-place-of-homeopathy-in-dentistry/) - Some papers on homeopathy are bad, others are very bad and others again create a new dimension of bad. Here is an example of the latter category (Research, Society and Development, v. 13, n. 7, e1413746050, 2024 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46050 ): Objective: To research, through literature review, the use
- [Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Sciatica](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/efficacy-of-individualized-homeopathic-medicines-in-the-treatment-of-sciatica/) - Several years ago, I reported on the range of conditions which, according to homeopaths, "respond best to homeopathic treatment" (basically any condition imaginable). To remind you, here is the list again: ENT and bronchial problems Ear infections, rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, asthma. Digestive problems Stomach complaints acidity, heartburn, fullness, poor digestion, flatulence, duodenal
- [Project 2025: Donald Trump's blueprint for a fascist America](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/project-2025-donald-trumps-blueprint-for-a-fascist-america/) - Project 2025 is a set of proposals from the US Heritage Foundation to reform the US according to right-wing ideology and to consolidate executive power shouldTrump win the 2024 presidential election. The project is a most frightening blueprint for fascism in the US and would have serious implications for the rest of the world. It
- [Adverts for supplements claiming to treat autism were banned](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/adverts-for-supplements-claiming-to-treat-autism-were-banned/) - It has been announced that advertisements for three supplement brands claiming to treat a range of medical conditions, including autism and ADHD, have been banned in the UK. A paid-for Facebook advert for Aspire Nutrition in April said: "The secret weapon parents of ASD kids swear by", while text in the form of a review
- [Digital behavioural therapy for fibromyalgia?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/digital-behavioural-therapy-for-fibromyalgia/) - International guidelines have recommended cognitive behavioural therapy, including acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as it offers validated benefits for managing fibromyalgia; however, it is inaccessible to most patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 12-week, self-guided, smartphone-delivered digital ACT programme on fibromyalgia management. In the PROSPER-FM randomised clinical trial conducted at 25
- [Abuse of science by chiropractors (and other SCAM professionals)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/abuse-of-science-by-chiropractors-and-other-scam-professionals/) - To accuse anyone of an abuse of science is a hefty charge, I know. In the case of proponents of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) doing science, it is, however, often justified. Let me explain this by using the example of chiropractors (I could have chosen homeopathy, faith heaalers, acupuncturists or almost any other type of
- [Homeopaths have just broken my 'irony meter'!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/homeopaths-have-just-broken-my-irony-meter/) - Yesterday, I stumbled across this remarkable notice. As it is in German, I took the libery of translating it for you: Am 6. April 2024 war es wieder soweit: Die ÖGHM und die Schwabe Austria GmbH luden zur Verleihung des mit 4.000,- Euro dotierten Dr. Peithner Preises ein. Dieses Mal wurde der Forschungspreis für die
- [Dale Thompson, an example of a straight chiropractor?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/dale-thompson-an-example-of-a-straight-chiropractor/) - For many years, Dale Thompson has been one of our most loyal commentators, often defending the indefensible, or willfully misleading us, or deliberately distracting us from the topic at hand. He has made his comments under several names or pseudomyms, sometimes with and sometines without using the doctor-title, sometimes disclosing that he is a chiropractor
- [Chiropractic: a view from the inside of the cult](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/chiropractic-a-view-from-the-inside-of-the-cult/) - Jay Kennedy is an experienced chiropractor of some standing. In "2018, 'The American Chiropractor' wrote this about Jay Kennedy: Jay Kennedy, DC, is a 1987 graduate of Palmer Chiropractic College and maintains afull time practice in western Pennsylvania. He is the principal developer of the Kennedy Decompression Technique. Dr. Kennedy teaches his non-machine specific technique
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is worringly popular with HIV-positive individuals](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-is-worringly-popular-with-hiv-positive-individuals/) - People living with HIV (PLWH) are common users of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). The main objective of this study was to study the frequency and patterns of SCAM natural products use in a large cohort of PLWH and to identify potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and the impact on their antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and efficacy.
- [Is chiropractic a health cult?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/is-chiropractic-a-health-cult/) - The comment sections of this blog have provided plenty of reason to suspect that chiropractic is a cult, a health cult to be precise. A health cult is defined as a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator. The promulgator, in this case, is DD Palmer. As discussed previously,
- [Which portion of a treatment effect is attributable to contextual effects?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/which-portion-of-a-treatment-effect-is-attributable-to-contextual-effects/) - This review was aimed at quantifying the proportion attributable to contextual effects of physical therapy interventions for musculoskeletal pain. Randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effect of physical therapy interventions on musculoskeletal pain. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (ROB 2.0). The proportion of physical therapy interventions effect that is
- [Reiki for the management of Multiple Sclerosis: Yet another dodgy study produces a false-positive result](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/reiki-for-the-management-of-multiple-sclerosis-yet-another-dodgy-study-produces-a-false-positive-result/) - Of all the many forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), Reiki is perhaps the one that has the least plausibility. It assumes that a Reiki healer can send healing energy into the body of a patient which, in turn, stimulates the self-healing ability of the body and thus cures illness. Neither the source of the
- [The Effect of Reflexology on Immunological Parameters of People Living with HIV: Nonsense on Stilts!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/07/the-effect-of-reflexology-on-immunological-parameters-of-people-living-with-hiv-nonsense-on-stilts/) - This retrospective cohort study investigated the effect of reflexology on immunological parameters of people living with HIV (PLWH). All patients who received at least one reflexology treatment were included and compared with the group of PLWH who were not treated with reflexology. Measured parameters included CD4 count, CD4%, CD8 count, CD8%, CD4/CD8 ratio, and HIV
- [Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in the Treatment of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/individualized-homeopathic-medicines-in-the-treatment-of-post-covid-19-fatigue/) - Post-COVID-19 fatigue is becoming increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. Plenty of so-called alternative medicines (SCAMs) are on offer, including homeopathy. But is homeopathy really helpful? This trial attempted to identify the preliminary evidence of the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) against placebos in the treatment of post-COVID-19 fatigue in adults. A 3-month, single-blind,
- [Pseudoscience in the Cancer Services of the English National Health Service](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/pseudoscience-in-the-cancer-services-of-the-english-national-health-service/) - Scientifically implausible treatments are offered by some hospital cancer departments. Examples are reiki, aromatherapy, and reflexology. Salaried practitioners are employed to deliver these therapies, which are provided as palliative care, although they lack evidence of effectiveness. Such practices, Les Rose feels, seem to conflict with efforts to make health care evidence based. The aims of
- [Cervical spine manipulation and cervical artery dissection: an embarrassingly daft attempt of a white-wash](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/cervical-spine-manipulation-and-cervical-artery-dissection-an-embarrassingly-daft-attempt-of-a-white-wash/) - The objective of this paper was to review the 10 most recent case reports of cervical spine manipulation and cervical artery dissection for convincing evidence of the causation of cervical artery dissection by cervical spine manipulation. The author, Steven P. Brown, a chiropractor (who is quoted as "the authors have declared that no competing interests
- [Exercise for back pain prevention: forget about chiropractic, osteopathy, acupuncture, etc., exercise is by far the most promising treatment](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/exercise-for-back-pain-prevention-forget-about-chiropractic-osteopathy-acupuncture-etc-exercise-is-by-far-the-most-promising-treatment/) - This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an individualised, progressive walking and education intervention to prevent the recurrence of low back pain. WalkBack was a two-armed, randomised clinical trial, which recruited adults (aged 18 years or older) from across Australia who had recently recovered from an episode of non-specific low back
- [Homeopathy for hemorrhoids? (Or is perhaps homeopathy a pain in the backside?)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/homeopathy-for-hemorrhoids-or-is-perhaps-homeopathy-a-pain-in-the-backside/) - This study tested the efficacy and safety of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) in treating hemorrhoids compared with placebo. The double-blind, randomized (1:1), two parallel arms, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the surgery outpatient department of the State National Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients were 140 women and men, aged between
- [Political orientation predicts use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in Europe](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/political-orientation-predicts-use-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-in-europe/) - I am sure that I am not the only one who has occasionally wondered what political orientation is associated with a high level of SCAM-use. Surprisingly, there is very little research on this question. This study is one of the rare ones (if not the only one) that has looked into the issue. It investigated whether
- [Chiropractic maintenance care: sly scare mongering of greedy chiropractors to fleece vulnerable individuals.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/chiropractic-maintenance-care/) - In a recent comment, our resident chiro, 'Dr.' Dale Thompson (alias 'DC'), in an attempt to provide a rationale for the approach, provided a link to a definition of MAINTENANCE CARE: Maintenance care is care given to people with chronic illnesses to maintain or slow a decline in their health or function. For example, exercise
- [Geopathic stress allegedly can cause health issues such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis and cancer - BUT, PLEASE, DON'T BELIEVE SUCH NONSENSE!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/geopathic-stress-allegedly-can-cause-health-issues-such-as-arthritis-multiple-sclerosis-and-cancer-but-please-dont-believe-such-nonsense/) - An article in 'METRO' caught my eye - not least because it quotes me. Here are a few edited excerpts: Peter Stott lost his first wife to cancer in 1998. Her death, he believes, was due to geopathic stress (GS) – harmful energies that originate from the Earth. ‘I found out that the house where we had lived
- [And again: spinal manipulation and mobilisation in paediatrics](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/and-again-spinal-manipulation-and-mobilisation-in-paediatrics/) - We have recently heard much about spinal manipulations for kids. It might therefore be relevant to learn about an international taskforce of clinician-scientists formed by specialty groups of World Physiotherapy – International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) & International Organisation of Physiotherapists in Paediatrics (IOPTP) – to develop evidence-based practice position statements directing
- ['Maintenance care' is very good for chiropractic economics ... but not for anything else!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/maintenance-care-is-very-good-for-chiropractic-economics-but-not-for-anything-else/) - 'Chiropractic economics' might be when chiropractors manipulate their bank accounts or tax returns, I thought. But, no, it is a publication! And a weird one at that - it even promotes the crazy idea of maintenance care: The concept of chiropractic maintenance care has evolved significantly. Initially seen as a method for managing chronic pain,
- [Aromatherapy: the 'International Federation of Aromatherapists' lists 'some of the most effective' essential oils against stress and anxiety](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/aromatherapy-the-international-federation-of-aromatherapists-lists-some-of-the-most-effective-essential-oils-against-stress-and-anxiety/) - The London-based 'International Federation of Aromatherapists' claims that: medical research has now recognised that emotional support is vital in maintaining good mental health. Wellbeing needs to encourage pleasant emotions of contentment and calmness, enabling feelings of relaxation, inner peace and feelings of optimism. The simple act of caring touch (massage) using essential oils is a
- [My ex-friend Dr Michael Dixon has been made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/my-ex-friend-dr-michael-dixon-has-been-made-a-commander-of-the-royal-victorian-order-cvo/) - As I am currently not in the UK, I (almost) missed the news about my ex-friend Michael Dixon (can you forgive me please, Michael?). I am going to report it here as published in the Independent without any comments of my own (which would inevitably have an after-taste of sour grapes): The King has personally
- [Homeopathic Cancer Therapy?    No, no and no!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/homeopathic-cancer-therapy-no-no-and-no/) - It goes without saing that an article entitled "Homeopathic Cancer Therapy Research From 2018 To 2022: A Review of the Literature" interests me. It turned out to be a revellation in BS. Let me just show you its conclusion: There continues to be an enormous interest in homeopathic treatment for cancer around the world. This
- [A new review and meta-analysis suggests that Reiki "demonstrated effectiveness" - but I beg to differ](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/a-new-review-and-meta-analysis-suggests-that-reiki-demonstrated-effectiveness-but-i-beg-to-differ/) - This review aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Reiki therapy in alleviating anxiety. In adherence to academic standards, a thorough search was conducted across esteemed databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. The primary objective of this search was to pinpoint peer-reviewed articles published in English that satisfied specific
- [Research misconduct in China: an ever increasing worry](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/research-misconduct-in-china-an-ever-increasing-worry/) - As pointed out previously on this blog, unethical research practices are prevalent in China, but little research has focused on the causes of these practices. Drawing on the criminology literature on organisational deviance, as well as the concept of cengceng jiama, which illustrates the increase of pressure in the process of policy implementation within a
- [The Australian Chiropractors Association has just demonstrated their embarrassing incompetence](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/the-australian-chiropractors-association-just-has-demonstrated-their-embarrassing-incompetence/) - In response to criticism voiced against Australian chiropractors' decision to re-commence manipulating children, the Australian Chiropractors Association (ACA) president, David Cahill, welcomed the updated statement on paediatric care by the Chiropractic Board of Australia. “The statement serves to reinforce the confidence the Australian public has in chiropractic care provided by registered ACA member chiropractors,” said Cahill.
- [Australian chiropractors are "irresponsible" trying to put their financial interests before the health of babies](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/australian-chiropractors-are-irresponsible-trying-to-put-their-financial-interests-before-the-health-of-babies/) - On 8 March 2019, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Health Council (CHC) noted community concerns about spinal manipulation on children performed by chiropractors and agreed that there was a need to consider whether public safety was at risk. On behalf of the CHC, the Victorian Minister for Health, the Hon. Jenny Mikakos MP, instructed
- [Another dodgy SCAM paper has been retracted!!!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/another-dodgy-scam-paper-has-been-retracted/) - In November 2022, we discussed a dodgy acupuncture review. Let me show you my post from back then again: Acupuncture is emerging as a potential therapy for relieving pain, but the effectiveness of acupuncture for relieving low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) during pregnancy remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on pain,
- [Patient sues a US chiropractor for negligence leading to vertebral artery dissection and stroke](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/patient-sues-a-us-chiropractor-for-negligence-leading-to-vertebral-artery-dissection-and-stroke/) - Whenever I report a case of arterial dissection after spinal manipulation, a defender of the indefensible comments that the case does not prove anything. Let's try again, shall we? It has been reported that Nerissa E. Weeks has filed a negligence complaint against Dr. Jack J. Cacic and his business, Lake Worth Chiropractic & Wellness
- [Who believes in conspiracy theories? A meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/who-believes-in-conspiracy-theories-a-meta-analysis/) - Conspiracy theories have become a frequent theme on this blog, e.g.: Believing in conspiracy theories: The role of emotional granularity and maladaptive emotion regulation How can we reduce the belief in conspiracy theories? Conspiracy theories and dangerous recommendations via YouTube videos Conspiracy theories, assumptions, opinions, evidence and scientific facts Conspiracy beliefs prompt consumers to use
- [Potentially Harmful Homeopathic Oral Care Products Are Being Recalled](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/potentially-harmful-homeopathic-oral-care-products-are-being-recalled/) - It has been reported that HomeoCare Laboratories Inc. is recalling two batches of Homeopathic StellaLife Oral Care Products citing microbial contamination. The recall involves Homeopathic Stella Life Vega Oral Care Spray Unflavored and Advanced Formula Peppermint Oral Care Rinse manufactured in 2024, which are marketed to promote oral health, hydrate oral cavities and support healthy gums. The
- [Chiropractors' profitable over-use of X-ray diagnostics: “scare tactics” and “fear-mongering”](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/chiropractors-profitable-over-use-of-x-ray-diagnostics-scare-tactics-and-fear-mongering/) - The over-use of X-ray diagnostics by chiropractors has been the topic of previous posts, e.g.: The benefits of chiropractic X-rays do not outweigh the risks Chiropractors’ use of X-rays Strong support for routine use of radiological imaging in chiropractic? The authors of this review state that many clinicians use radiological imaging in efforts to locate
- [Adverse Events After Cervical Spinal Manipulation: a new (and most surprising) review](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/adverse-events-after-cervical-spinal-manipulation-a-new-and-most-surprising-review/) - Due to the unclear risk level of adverse events (AEs) associated with high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) cervical manipulation, the aim of this study was to extract available information from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and thereby synthesize the comparative risk of AEs following cervical manipulation to that of various control interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted
- [The influence of zodiac signs on health, well-being, quality of life, mortality and infections.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/the-influence-of-zodiac-signs-on-health-well-being-quality-of-life-mortality-and-infections/) - Astrology is a subject that regularly crops up in the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Thus we have dealt with it on several occasions, e.g.: Astrology determines mortality … torture the data until they confess! Astro-homeopathy: “a beautiful blend of Astrology and Homoeopathy” Many SCAM proponents evidently believe that astrology works. The question is,
- [How to mislead the public with a "Comprehensive Review": Homeopathy for gastroesophageal reflux disease](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/how-to-mislead-the-public-with-a-comprehensive-review-homeopathy-for-gastroesophageal-reflux-disease/) - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also named Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), is a common condition characterized by stomach contents flowing into the esophagus, causing distressing symptoms and potential complications. GERD is primarily linked to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction, and its symptoms can impact quality of life. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. Homeopathy is
- [Impact of quality of life on mortality risk in patients with esophageal cancer](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/impact-of-quality-of-life-on-mortality-risk-in-patients-with-esophageal-cancer/) - This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the impact of quality of life (QoL) on mortality risk in patients with esophageal cancer. A literature search was conducted using the CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus databases for articles published from inception to December 2022. Observational studies that examined the association between QoL and mortality risk in patients with
- [I fear that so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) research is in serious trouble](https://edzardernst.com/2024/06/i-fear-that-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-research-is-in-serious-trouble/) - For some time I have had the impression that research into SCAM is on its knees. Specifically, I seemed to notice that less and less of it is getting published in the best journals of conventional medicine. So, today I decided to put my impression to the test. I went on Medline and serached for
- [Attitudes of Vaccination-Hesitant Parents Towards So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/attitudes-of-vaccination-hesitant-parents-towards-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Although the vaccine has many individual and social benefits, 'Vaccine Hesitancy' has led to an increase in the number of vaccine-preventable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of ideas that cause vaccine hesitancy to comply with traditional medicine practices and drugs and to determine the ratio of parents' preference for
- [My new book: "Bizarre Medical Ideas: ... and the Strange Men Who Invented Them"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/my-new-book-bizarre-medical-ideas-and-the-strange-men-who-invented-them/) - Yes, I have done it again: another book! Bizarre Medical Ideas: ... and the Strange Men Who Invented Them In order to let you know what it is all about, allow me to post the intoduction here: Medicine has always relied on extraordinary innovators. Without them, progress would hardly have been possible, and we might still
- [Distant Reiki for Phantom Pain: yet another phoney study that misleads patients](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/distant-reiki-for-phantom-pain-yet-another-phoney-study-that-misleads-patients/) - Phantom pain (pain felt in an amputated limb) affects the lives of individuals in many ways and can negatively affect the well-being of individuals. Distant Reiki is sometimes used in the management of these problems. But does it work? This study was conducted to examine the effect of distant Reiki applied to individuals suffering from
- [IS HOMEOPATHY COST-EFFECTIVE? A New Economic Evaluation of Homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/is-homeopathy-cost-effective-a-new-economic-evaluation-of-homeopathy/) - In contemporary healthcare, evidence-based practices are fundamental for ensuring optimal patient outcomes and resource allocation. Essential steps for conducting pharmacoeconomic studies in homeopathy involve study design, intervention identification, comparator selection, outcome measures definition, data collection, cost analysis, effectiveness analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis, reporting, and peer review. While conventional medicine undergoes rigorous pharmacoeconomic
- [Beware of chiropractors who insert two fingers into your vagina!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/beware-of-chiropractors-who-insert-two-fingers-into-your-vagina/) - Terry Power had been registered as a chiropractor since 1988, and as a Chinese medicine practitioner since 2012. In 2020, two female patients (Patient A and Patient B), made separate and unrelated complaints about Power to NSW Police and subsequently to the Health Care Complaints Commission. Patient A alleged that, during a consultation in May
- [Julian Kenyon struck off the UK medical register](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/julian-kenyon-struck-off-the-uk-medical-register/) - Dr Julian Kenyon is no stranger to this blog: Why do patients rarely complain about receiving bogus treatments? Integrated/integrative medicine: a paradise for charlatans? The ‘OBERON’: revolutionary invention or dangerous con? I met him once or twice in the mid 1990s. Then he was the GP partner of the late George Lewith. It took me
- [An unexpected email](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/an-unexpected-email/) - Yesterday, I received the email below. I almost deleted it because, at first glance, it looked like spam. Then I started reading it - perhaps you should do so too. Dear Edzard Ernst, We’d like to inform you that Research.com, a leading academic platform for researchers, has just released the 2024 Edition of our Ranking of
- [Fish oil supplements and cardiovascular diseases](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/fish-oil-supplements-and-cardiovascular-diseases/) - This prospective cohort study examined the effects of fish oil supplements on the clinical course of cardiovascular disease, from a healthy state to atrial fibrillation, major adverse cardiovascular events, and subsequently death. The analysis is based on the UK Biobank study (1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010, with follow-up to 31 March 2021 (median
- [Almost anyone can recover from long Covid: just pay a lot of money for the 'Lightning Process' - no, please don't; I was joking!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/almost-anyone-can-recover-from-long-covid-just-pay-a-lot-of-money-for-the-lightning-process-no-please-dont-i-was-joking/) - We have discussed the LIGHTNING PROCESS before: The ‘Lightning Process’: implausible, unproven, hyped and expensive The ‘Lightning Process’ (LP), an effective therapy for ME? Now, the BBC reports that it is promoted as a treatment of Long-COVID. Oonagh Cousins was offered a free place on a course run by the Lightning Process, which teaches people
- [Supernatural healing practices: the Vatican issues new rules](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/supernatural-healing-practices-the-vatican-issues-new-rules/) - I am glad to hear that the Vatican is issueing new guidelines on supernatural phenomena. The document, compiled by the Vatican’s Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, will lay out rules to assess the truthfulness of supernatural claims. Reports of such phenomena are said to have soared in recent years in an era of social media -
- [Woke, Fraud, Racism, etc. - all those things that I am not](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/woke-fraud-racism-etc-all-those-things-that-i-am-not/) - Anyone who writes a lively blog like this one is bound to receive all sorts of attacks, accusations, insults, innuendo, etc. I certainly have been claimed or implied to be many things that I am simply and objectively not. Many of them are quite hilarious in their stupidity, in my view. Perhaps it might be
- [A systematic review of the physical and mental health benefits of touch](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/a-systematic-review-of-the-physical-and-mental-health-benefits-of-touch/) - Many forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) involve touch, and touch is of critical importance: many studies have shown that it promotes mental and physical well-being. A team of researchers conducted a pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022304281) systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis encompassing 137 studies in the meta-analysis and 75 additional studies in the systematic review (n = 12,966
- ['EuroConsum' abruptly ends all co-operation with the German skeptics (GWUP)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/euroconsum-abruptly-ends-all-co-operation-with-the-german-skeptics-gwup/) - 'EuroConsum' is an organisation that aims "to focus on areas that otherwise receive too little attention. Together with our approximately 6,000 members, member and partner organisations, we find these areas and work on them in numerous projects. We have been entered in the list of qualified organisations for this purpose since 2012 and, as a public
- [Yet another case of vertebral artery dissection following cervical spine manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/yet-another-case-of-vertebral-artery-dissection-following-cervical-spine-manipulation/) - Vertebral artery dissections (VAD) pose a significant risk for strokes, particularly in young adults. This case report details the presentation and management of a 48-year-old patient who was diagnosed with an extracranial VAD following cervical spine manipulation (CSM). The patient's symptoms included: acute right-sided ataxia, giddiness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, persistent pain behind the right ear.
- [Skeptics in the Pub](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/skeptics-in-the-pub/) - I have attended numerous 'Skeptics in the Pub' (SITP) meetings, either as a member of the audience or as a lecturer. They can be splendid occasions to learn, be entertained, to discuss, and to socialise in a relaxed atmosphere. The usual format of a SITP meeting includes an invited speaker (often a renouned expert with
- [A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/a-comprehensive-review-on-the-hepatotoxicity-of-herbs-used-in-the-indian-ayush-systems-of-alternative-medicine/) - Contrary to popular belief, it is evident that, apart from adverse events caused by contamination and adulteration, certain commonly used herbal components have inherent hepatotoxicity. This narrative review updates our current understanding and increasing publications on the liver toxicity potential of commonly used herbs in traditional Indian systems of medicine (Ayush), such as: Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)
- [The Effect of Distance Reiki on Anxiety and Test Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/the-effect-of-distance-reiki-on-anxiety-and-test-performance-a-randomized-controlled-trial/) - This randomized controlled, pretest-post-test intervention study examined the effect of distance reiki on state test anxiety and test performance.First-year nursing students (n = 71) were randomized into two groups. One week before the examination, the intervention group participants received reiki remotely for 20 minutes for 4 consecutive days, the control group participants received no intervention.
- [WOW! The German Medical Association bans homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/wow-the-german-medical-association-bans-homeopathy/) - I normally don't like to use stupid expressions like WOW - but in this particular event, it might be well-suited: It has just been reported that the German Medical Association wants homeopathy to be removed from the GOÄ (the official schedule of doctors' fees in Germany). The decision was made on Friday afternoon in Mainz
- [Whooping cough is back: please beware of homeopaths, their remedies and their advice!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/whooping-cough-is-back-please-beware-of-homeopaths-their-remedies-and-their-advice/) - It had been reported that five infants under three months of age have died from whooping cough this year, as cases continue to spread across the country. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has reported 1,319 cases of whooping cough in England in March, up from 900 in February and bringing the total for 2024
- [Believing in conspiracy theories: The role of emotional granularity and maladaptive emotion regulation](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/believing-in-conspiracy-theories-the-role-of-emotional-granularity-and-maladaptive-emotion-regulation/) - Conspiracy theories, as often discussed here, plague the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), e.g.: Conspiracy beliefs prompt consumers to use so-called alternative medicine How can we reduce the belief in conspiracy theories? Conspiracy Beliefs Predict Health Behavior and Well-being during the Pandemic Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines Conspiracy theories and
- [Health complaints before and after removal of dental amalgam restorations](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/health-complaints-before-and-after-removal-of-dental-amalgam-restorations/) - In the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), dental amalgam is a big topic. Therefore, we have discussed it several times before, e.g.: The EU will phase out the use of dental amalgam Long awaited: EU prohibits the use of dental amalgam Is removal of dental amalgam a good idea? Dental Amalgam Three Trends In
- [Increasing concerns about SCAM research originating from China](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/increasing-concerns-about-scam-research-originating-from-china/) - I know, I have mentioned my concerns before about research into so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) from China, e.g.: Concerning developments in acupuncture research: is there something rotten in the state of China? Data fabrication in China is an ‘open secret’ Beware of Chinese acupuncture trials! My concerns about the current research activity in so-called alternative
- [Antibiotic Use in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Practicing Integrative Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/antibiotic-use-in-a-neonatal-intensive-care-unit-practicing-integrative-medicine/) - This study sought to identify if an Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) integrating complementary medicine has low antibiotic prescribing. The researchers conducted a retrospective analysis at the level-2 NICU of the Filderklinik, an integrative medicine hospital in Southern Germany, to compare antibiotic use locally and internationally; to compare neonates with suspected infection, managed with and
- [The contribution of 50 years of vaccination: 10·2 billion years of full health gained](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/the-contribution-of-50-years-of-vaccination-10·2-billion-years-of-full-health-gained/) - Many fans of so-called alternative medicine have, as discussed ad nauseam on this blog, an irrational attitude towards vaccinations. They frequently claim that they do more harm than good. I wonder whether the data from a very large study might convince them other wise. The WHO launched the 'Expanded Programme on Immunization' (EPI) in 1974
- [Chiropractic attitude and utilisation of evidence-based practice](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/chiropractic-attitude-and-utilisation-of-evidence-based-practice/) - Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) assists with decision-making related to patient care, to improve outcomes and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to analyse the attitudes, skills, and utilization of EBP among South African chiropractors, focusing on perceived skill levels, training, use and identifying facilitators and barriers to EBP application. A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative analysis was conducted by
- [The German Skeptics (GWUP) are at a cross-roads: 'Team Sebastiani' vs 'Team Huemmler'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/the-german-skeptics-are-at-a-cross-roads-team-sebastiani-vs-team-huemmler/) - As reported previously, the German skeptics (the GWUP) are in turmoil: Have the German skeptics lost the plot? (PART 1) Have the German skeptics lost the plot? (PART 2) Why I resigned as a member of the GWUP, the German skeptics (Part 1) Why I resigned as a member of the GWUP, the German skeptics
- [The fake diagnoses of so-called alternative medicine - PART 4](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/the-fake-diagnoses-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-part-4/) - In the previous 3 parts of this series (see here, here and here), we have discussed 9 fake diagnoses of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM): adrenal fatigue, candidiasis hypersensitivity, chronic intoxications, chronic Lyme disease, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, homosexuality, leaky gut syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivity, neurasthenia. Today I will briefly discuss three further fake diagnoses and list the
- [A 'dignified end' with 'whole person' cancer care?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/05/a-dignified-end-with-whole-person-cancer-care/) - I received an email - a round robin, actually - from my ex-friend Wayne Jonas and was amazed to read the following passage: My new book, “Healing and Cancer,” co-written with Alyssa McManamon, MD, is now available! Whole person care in oncology centers the person with cancer – their history, intuition, and understanding of what
- [Misinformation about acupuncture via YouTube](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/misinformation-about-acupuncture-via-youtube/) - This study aims to appraise the utility, accuracy, and quality of information available on YouTube on acupuncture for chronic pain treatment. Using search terms such as “acupuncture for chronic pain” and “acupuncture pain relief”, the top 54 videos by view count were selected. Videos were included if they were: > 1 minute duration, contained audio
- [The fake diagnoses of so-called alternative medicine - PART 3](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-fake-diagnoses-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-part-3/) - In the previous two parts of this series (see here and here), we discussed the following SCAM diagnoses: adrenal fatigue, candidiasis hypersensitivity, chronic intoxications, chronic Lyme disease, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, homosexuality. Today, I will add three further fake diagnoses to the list. Leaky gut syndrome Leaky gut syndrome is allegedly caused by the passage of harmful
- [Gerson diet almost killed a former model](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/gerson-diet-almost-killed-a-former-model/) - It has been reported that a former model almost died trying to cure her cancer with a juice diet. Medics tried to get Irena Stoynova to use conventional cancer treatments after she was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in June 2021, but she ‘shut them out’. Instead of chemotherapy, she sought out so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) online and took
- [Neurodoron, the anthroposophic remedy for neurasthenia, is unsurprisingly useless](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/neurodoron-the-anthroposophic-remedy-for-neurasthenia-is-unsurprisingly-useless/) - This Phase IV randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was "designed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the product Neurodoron (Kalium phosporicum comp., KPC) in patients with neurasthenia". The study was conducted in an outpatient German trial site. Women and men aged 18 and above were randomized to receive either KPC or placebo if they
- [Dangerous BS from the BBC](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/dangerous-bs-from-the-bbc/) - The BBC stands for reliable information, at least that's what I used to believe. After reading a recent article published on the BBC website, I have my doubts, however. See for yourself; here are a few excerpts: On a holiday to Kerala on India's south-western Malabar Coast, Shilpa Iyer decided to visit Kotakkal, a town
- [Yesterday, I received a 'Magic' letter](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/yesterday-i-received-a-magic-letter/) - I am not in the habit of publishing emails that I receive - even though I did occasionally post and discuss some of the most spectacular insults that came my way, e.g.: Provocations, insults, and ad hominem attacks ‘Ad hominem’ attacks: my life would be so dull without them! Ad hominem attacks are signs of
- [Effectiveness and safety of manual therapy compared with oral pain medications  in patients with neck pain](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/effectiveness-and-safety-of-manual-therapy-compared-with-oral-pain-medications-in-patients-with-neck-pain/) - This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness and safety of manual therapy (MT) interventions compared to oral or topical pain medications in the management of neck pain. The investigators searched from inception to March 2023, in Cochrane Central Register of Controller Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) and Cumulative Index to
- [The fake diagnoses of so-called alternative medicine - PART 2](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-fake-diagnoses-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-part-2/) - Few of us are aware of the fact that there are such things as alternative diagnoses, i.e. diagnoses used by practitioners of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that have no basis in science. They are nonetheless popular with some SCAM practitioners and usually cause a wide range of non-specific symptoms. In part 1 of this series
- [Anthroposophic medicine is recommended for acute paediatric tonsillitis     (...and yes, the earth is flat!)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/anthroposophic-medicine-is-recommended-for-acute-paediatric-tonsillitis-and-yes-the-earth-is-flat/) - Acute tonsillitis, which includes tonsillopharyngitis, is a common condition, particularly in childhood. It is mostly caused by a viral infection. Symptomatic treatment is of high importance. But which treatment is effective and which isn't? For this expert consensus, 53 physicians from Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, and Hungary with at least one year of experience
- [The fake diagnoses of so-called alternative medicine - PART 1](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-fake-diagnoses-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-part-1/) - We all have heard of so-called alternative therapies but few of us are aware of the fact that there are also alternative diagnoses. These are diagnoses used regularly by practitioners of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that have no basis on science, or - to put it simply - that do not exist. They are nonetheless
- [Former chiropractor sentenced to 54 years and 8 months imprisonment](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/former-chiropractor-sentenced-to-54-years-and-8-months-imprisonment/) - We have repeatedly discussed financial and other fraud by (mostly US chiropractors, e.g.: Medicare fraud by chiropractors costs taxpayers millions Chiropractor accused of Medicare fraud exceeding $1 million A $2.6M Insurance Fraud by Chiropractors and Doctors? Fraud and sex offences by chiropractors Doctor gets 7-year sentence for multimillion-dollar fraud scheme The Dark Side of Chiropractic
- [Homeopathy's most prominent researcher, Prof Michael Frass, has been found guilty of "data falsification, fabrication and manipulation"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/homeopathys-most-prominent-researcher-prof-michael-frass-has-been-found-guilty-of-data-falsification-fabrication-and-manipulation/) - Prof Michael Frass is the undisputed star amongst researchers of homeopathy. Here are the awards and achievements that he mentions on his website: 1994 until 2019Head, Special Outpatient Clinic "Homeopathy in Malignant Diseases", Department of Internal Medicine I, General Hospital of the City of Vienna 1992 until Feb. 2004Director, Intensivstation 13.i2, Klinik für Innere Medizin
- [Health economic evaluations for homeopathy: a systematic review](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/health-economic-evaluations-for-homeopathy-a-systematic-review/) - This review updated and extended a previous one on the economic impact of homeopathy. A systematic literature search of the terms 'cost' and 'homeopathy' from January 2012 to July 2022 was performed in electronic databases. Two independent reviewers checked records, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria (CHEC) list.
- [Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Conditions: Findings from a Homeopathy Teaching Clinic](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/clinical-outcomes-in-chronic-conditions-findings-from-a-homeopathy-teaching-clinic/) - The Academy of Homeopathy Education is a US-based accredited teaching institution offering homeopathy education services to professional and medically licensed homeopathy students. This study reports on clinical outcomes from the teaching clinic from 2020 to 2021. Data were collected using the patient-generated outcome measure, the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW). Mean MYCaW values for
- [Effect of Naturopathy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/effect-of-naturopathy-on-systemic-inflammatory-markers-and-quality-of-life-in-rheumatoid-arthritis/) - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, polyarticular autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys the capsule and synovial lining of joints. Antirheumatic treatment reduces disease activity and inflammation, but not all patients respond to treatment. Naturopathy is claimed to be effective, but there is little data on the effect on inflammation and disease activity in RA.
- [Spiritually-Based Interventions for High Blood Pressure](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/spiritually-based-interventions-for-high-blood-pressure/) - This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritually based interventions on blood pressure (BP) among adults. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to identify studies evaluating spiritual interventions, including: meditation, transcendental meditation, mindfulness meditation, yoga, for high BP among adults up to January 1, 2022.
- [Yes, today is 'WORLD HOMEOPATHY DAY' (and Homeopaths are as deluded as their remedies are diluted)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/yes-today-is-world-homeopathy-day-and-homeopaths-are-as-deluded-as-their-remedies-are-diluted/) - 'WORLD HOMEOPATHY DAY' is upon us and the Internet is awash with pro-homeopathy comments, e.g.: World Homeopathy Day is observed annually on April 10th to commemorate the birth anniversary of Samuel Hahnemann, a prominent figure in the development of homeopathy. This day celebrates the principles and practices of homeopathy, an alternative medicinal approach that emphasizes
- [Individualized homeopathic medicines in preventing the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/individualized-homeopathic-medicines-in-preventing-the-progression-from-pre-diabetes-to-diabetes-a-double-blind-randomized-placebo-controlled-parallel-arm-trial/) - Pre-diabetes is a significant public health problem worldwide. India has a very high rate of progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes, 75-78 per thousand persons per year. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicinal products (HMPs) against placebos in preventing the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes. It was designed
- [Recommending Reiki and Qi-gong for Type-2 diabetic patients is unethical nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/recommending-reiki-and-qi-gong-for-type-2-diabetic-patients-is-unethical-nonsense/) - This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of Reiki and Qi-gong therapy techniques in improving diabetic patients’ negative emotional states. This quas-experimental research design was carried out at the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology’s Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. It included 200 Type 2 diabetes patients randomized into two equal groups, one for Qigong and
- [Fatal Vertebral Artery Dissection Following Self-Manipulation of the Cervical Spine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/fatal-vertebral-artery-dissection-following-self-manipulation-of-the-cervical-spine/) - Spinal manipulation is usually performed by a therapist (chiropractor, osteopath, physiotherpist, doctor, etc.). But many people do it themselves. Self-manipulation is by no means safer than the treatment by a therapist, it seems. We have previously seen cases where the results were dramatic: Spinal epidural haematoma after neck manipulation (edzardernst.com) A ‘Self-Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation’ that
- ["The effects of the biofield energy therapies are due to the healer’s quantum thinking" - please, do not believe such offensive nonsense!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-effects-of-the-biofield-energy-therapies-are-due-to-the-healers-quantum-thinking-please-do-not-believe-such-offensive-nonsense/) - In the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), we see a lot of papers that are bizarre to the point of being disturbing and often dangerous nonsense. Yesterday, I came across an article that fits this bill well; in fact, I have not seen such misleading BS for quite a while. Let me present to
- [The Effects of Medical Misinformation on the Public](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-effects-of-medical-misinformation-on-the-public/) - An interesting and fully referenced (205 references) article caught my attention; it seems highly relevant to the discussions we are having on this blog. Let me show you the abstract: Medical misinformation has always existed, but it has recently become more frequent due to the development of the internet and social media. Medical misinformation can
- [Do views about so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), nature and god influence people's vaccination intentions?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/do-views-about-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-nature-and-god-influence-peoples-vaccination-intentions/) - In spite of the safety and efficiency of the COVID-19 vaccines and the many promotion efforts of political and expert authorities, a fair portion of the population remained hesitant if not opposed to vaccination. Public debate and the available literature point to the possible role of people's attitudes towards medical institutions as well as their
- [A dietary supplement has (so far) killed 5 people in Japan](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/a-dietary-supplement-has-so-far-killed-5-people-in-japan/) - It has been reported that 5 people who took a Japanese health supplement have died and more than 100 have been hospitalized as of Friday, a week after a pharmaceutical company issued a recall of the products, officials said. Osaka-based Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. came under fire for not going public quickly with problems known internally
- [Wet cupping in the management of cervical spondylosis? No!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/wet-cupping-in-the-management-of-cervical-spondylosis-no/) - Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative process of the cervical spine characterized by pain in neck, degenerative changes in intervertebral disc and osteophyte formation. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of wet cupping (Ḥijāma Bish Sharṭ) in the pain management of cervical spondylosis. This Open, randomized, clinical study was conducted on 44
- [The threats to chiropractic: science, the impact of EBM, accountability to authorities and third party-payers](https://edzardernst.com/2024/04/the-threats-to-chiropractic-science-the-impact-of-ebm-accountability-to-authorities-and-third-party-payers/) - It does not happen often, but when it does, it should be aknowledged. I am speaking of papers from chiropractors that make sense. If you are interested in chiropractic, I do encourage you to read the articles of which I will here only present bits of the conclusions: Part 1 The chiropractic profession is weighed
- [Adolescent pseudomyopia treated with chiropractic and moxibustion???](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/adolescent-pseudomyopia-treated-with-chiropractic-and-moxibustion/) - Some abstracts of medical papers are so bizarre that they must not be tempered with, I find. This is one of them: Rationale: This case report aims to provide clinical evidence on the effectiveness of integrating chiropractic and moxibustion techniques for treating pseudomyopia accompanied by elevated intraocular pressure resulting from cervical spine issues because the
- [Efficacy of kinesio tape added to lumbar stabilization exercises on adult patients with mechanical low back pain](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/efficacy-of-kinesio-tape-added-to-lumbar-stabilization-exercises-on-adult-patients-with-mechanical-low-back-pain/) - Lumbar stabilization exercises (LSEs) are said to be beneficial for chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). However, further research focusing on intervention combinations is recommended. This study examined the effect of kinesio tape (KT) with LSEs on CMLBP adult patients. A randomized blinded clinical trial was conducted. Fifty CMLBP patients of both genders were assigned
- [Acupuncture for postoperative gastrointestinal recovery in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/acupuncture-for-postoperative-gastrointestinal-recovery-in-patients-undergoing-thoracoscopic-surgery/) - Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGD) is one of the most common complications among patients who have undergone thoracic surgery. Acupuncture has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases and has shown benefit as an alternative therapy for the management of digestive ailments. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture
- [Integrating traditional medicine into modern healthcare?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/integrating-traditional-medicine-into-modern-healthcare/) - Guest post by Alain Braillon I am not sure to understand the aim of the publication in the BMJ about traditional medicine entitled “India’s struggle to integrate traditional medicine into modern healthcare”.(1) Indeed, not only it uncritically reported the establishment of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Gujarat (1) but it also by-passed that diarrhea
- [The question to ask during 'Acupuncture Awareness Week': DOES ACUPUNCTURE WORK?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/the-question-to-ask-during-acupuncture-awareness-week-does-acupuncture-work/) - Whenever a journalist wants to discuss the subject of acupuncture with me, he or she will inevitably ask one question: DOES ACUPUNCTURE WORK? It seems a legitimate, obvious and simple question, particularly during 'Acupuncture Awareness Week', and I have heard it hundreds of times. Why then do I hesitate to answer it? Journalists - like
- [Spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and  adolescents: an international Delphi survey of expert physiotherapists](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/spinal-manipulation-and-mobilisation-among-infants-children-and-adolescents-an-international-delphi-survey-of-expert-physiotherapists/) - The aim of this study was to establish an international consensus regarding the use of spinal manipulation and mobilisation among infants, children, and adolescents among expert international physiotherapists. Twenty-six international expert physiotherapists in manual therapy and paediatrics voluntarily participated in a 3-Round Delphi survey to reach a consensus via direct electronic mail solicitation using Qualtrics®.
- [Adverse events associated with chiropractic care in pre-school pediatric population](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/adverse-events-associated-with-chiropractic-care-in-pre-school-pediatric-population/) - This study aims to assess the feasibility of a pragmatic prospective study aiming to report the immediate and delayed (48-hours post-treatment) AEs associated with manual therapies in children aged 5 or younger and to report preliminary data on AEs frequency. Between July 2021 and March 2022, chiropractors were recruited through purposive sampling and via a
- [The 'pretend-scientist': ... talking about science does not make you a scientist!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/the-pretend-scientist-talking-about-science-does-not-make-you-a-scientist/) - In recent weeks and months, I have been thinking quite a lot about the various types of scientists. This is partly due to me finishing a book entitled: Bizarre Medical Ideas: ... and the Strange Men Who Invented Them. Partly it is related to the sorry tale of the GWUP that I have been boring
- [Is Craniosacral Therapy Effective? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/is-craniosacral-therapy-effective-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - These days, it has become a rare event - I am speaking of me publishing a paper in the peer-reviewed medical literature. But it has just happened: Spanish researchers and I published a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy. Here is its abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness
- [Dr. Nick Campos, chiropractor and teacher of universal principles](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/dr-nick-campos-chiropractor-and-teacher-of-universal-principles/) - I had never heard of him - but after getting insulted by 'Dr. Nick Campos' I became interested and looked him up. What I found was interesting. Here is how he describes himself. Dr. Nick Campos is a teacher of universal principles and truths as they pertain to the health, wellness and evolution of body,
- [No one should see a chiropractor thinking they are seeing a doctor](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/no-one-should-see-a-chiropractor-thinking-they-are-seeing-a-doctor/) - An article about chiropractic caught my attention. Let me show you its final section which, I think, is relevant to what we often discuss on this blog: If chiropractic treatment is unscientific, then why do I feel better? Because lots of things alleviate pain. Massage, analgesia and heat – but also a provider who listens, empathises and
- [Ayurvedic manufacturer is taking (not just) India for a ride](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/ayurvedic-manufacturer-is-taking-not-just-india-for-a-ride/) - A recent article about ayurvedic medicine caught my eye. Here are a few excerpts: Imagine if there were a magic pill to ward off COVID-19. Or if you could cure diabetes with vegetable juices and herbal pills instead of controlling it with insulin medication. Or if yoga and breathing exercises were all you need to do
- [The origin of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a laboratory accident?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/the-origin-of-coronavirus-2-sars-cov-2-a-laboratory-accident/) - The origin of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the subject of intense speculation and several conspiracy theories, not least amongst the enthusiasts of so-called alternative medicine. Now Australian scientists have attempted to identify the origin of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As this is undoubtedly a most sensitive subject, let me show you the unadulterated abstract
- [Naturopaths are not physicians](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/naturopaths-are-not-physicians/) - The Amercian Medical Association (AMA) recently published a lengthy article on naturopathy in the US. Here are some excerpts: There are three types of health professionals who offer naturopathic treatment: Naturopathic doctors. These nonphysicians graduate from a four-year, professional-level program at an accredited naturopathic medical school, earning either the doctor of naturopathy (ND) degree or
- [Józef Kowalski (1911-1942)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/jozef-kowalski-1911-1942/) - Please allow me to write a post today that has nothing at all to do with so-called alternative medicine, not even with medicine. Yesterday, 13 March, was my mother's birthday. She was born in 1911 and died in 1989. I often think of her and the remarkable life she had, particularly, of course, on 13
- [30 years ago: research by manufacturers of herbal remedies is deplorable](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/30-years-ago-research-by-manufacturers-of-herbal-remedies-is-deplorable/) - Looking at some ancient papers of mine, I came across a short BMJ paper from 1994. Here is a passage from it: ... A standard letter (on departmental letterhead) was written (in German) to all 189 firms that we identified as marketing herbal drugs in Germany. It asked (among other questions) for reprints of articles
- [Pneumothorax after dry needling is not rare](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/pneumothorax-after-dry-needling-is-not-rare/) - Dry needling is a therapy that is akin to acupuncture and trigger point therapy. It is claimed to be safe - but is this true? Researchers from Ghent presented a series of 4 women aged 28 to 35 who were seen at the emergency department (ED) with post-dry needling pneumothorax between September 2022 and December 2023.
- [The SCAM market will grow from currently $148  to $1489 billion by 2033](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/the-scam-market-will-grow-from-currently-148-to-1489-billion-by-2033/) - I usually take 'market reports' with a pinch of salt. Having said that, this document makes some rather interesting predictions: The size of the market for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is projected to expand from USD 147.7 billion in 2023 to approximately USD 1489.4 billion by the year 2033. This projection indicates a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate
- [Micro/Nanoplastics in Human Atheromas and their Association to Cardiovascular Events](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/micro-nanoplastics-in-human-atheromas-and-their-association-to-cardiovascular-events/) - Microplastics are tiny polymer fragments that range from less than 0.2 inch to 1/25,000th of an inch. Smaller particles are called nanoplastics and are measured in billionths of a metre. Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for human health and for cardiovascular disease in particular. However, direct evidence that this
- [Effect of acupuncture on ischaemic stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide propensity score-matched study](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/effect-of-acupuncture-on-ischaemic-stroke-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis-a-nationwide-propensity-score-matched-study/) - According to its authors, this study's objective was to demonstrate that acupuncture is beneficial for decreasing the risk of ischaemic stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The investigation was designed as a propensity score-matched cohort nationwide population-based study. Patients with RA diagnosed between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2010, through the National Health Insurance
- [Homeopathy "can completely cure the worm infection" - believing the advice of homeopaths is foolish and dangerous](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/homeopathy-can-completely-cure-the-worm-infection-beleiving-the-advice-of-homeopaths-is-foolish-and-dangerous/) - An article entitled "Homeopathy for worm infestations in children’s" caught my eye. Here is the un altered abstract: Unusual sorts of worms can be there in a child's stomach and may initiate several health complications such as pain, infection etc. To treat worm infections, one must identify about various categories of worms, and after understanding
- [If you design a clinical trial badly, you might get an invalid result: Laser- vs electro-acupuncture](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/if-you-design-a-clinical-trial-badly-you-might-get-an-invalid-result-laser-vs-electro-acupuncture/) - There are many variations of acupuncture. Electroacupuncture (EA) and Laseracupuncture (LA) are but two examples both of which are commonly used. However, it remains uncertain whether LA is as effective as EA. This study aimed to compare EA and LA head to head in dysmenorrhea. A crossover, randomized clinical trial was conducted. EA or LA
- [Treating COVID-19 with Medicinal Plants? No, please don't!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/treating-covid-19-with-medicinal-plants-no-please-dont/) - Here is the abstract of a recent article that I find worrying: In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenged the world with a global outbreak that led to millions of deaths worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the symptomatic manifestation of this virus, which can range from flu-like symptoms to utter clinical complications
- [A Comparative Randomised Controlled Trial of Homeopathy versus Allopathy in Acute Otitis Media](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/a-comparative-randomised-controlled-trial-of-homeopathy-versus-allopathy-in-acute-otitis-media/) - Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is one of the most common acute infections in children and often injudiciously treated by antibiotics. Homeopathy has been claimed to work but is it really effective? This open label, randomized, controlled, parallel arm trial was conducted on children (aged 0–12 years), suffering from AOM. The primary outcome was changes in
- [Why I resigned as a member of the GWUP, the German skeptics (Part 2)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/why-i-resigned-as-a-member-of-the-gwup-the-german-skeptics-part-2/) - I have left the German skeptics organisation , GWUP, two days ago. This led to many questions and confusion. I therefore feel that I owe it to those skeptics who I may have upset or unsettled to offer a few clarifications (I do appologise, if this does not make much sense to those readers who
- [Why I resigned as a member of the GWUP, the German skeptics (Part 1)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/why-i-resigned-as-a-member-of-the-gwup-the-german-skeptics/) - The 29th of February is an unusual date, and I will do something fittingly unusual today - something that I have never done before: I will with a heavy heart resign from an organisation of skeptics. After I had observed the self-destructive debates within the GWUP for almost one year without saying a single word
- [Traditional herbal medicine use doubled the risk of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in children](https://edzardernst.com/2024/03/traditional-herbal-medicine-use-doubled-the-risk-of-multi-organ-dysfunction-syndrome-in-children/) - Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is frequently used in pediatric populations. This is perticularly true in many low-income countries. Yet THM has been associated with a range of adverse events, including liver toxicity, renal failure, and allergic reactions. Despite these concerns, its impact on multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) risk has so far not been thoroughly investigated.
- [Thirty Years of Homeopathic Research – Lessons Learned](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/thirty-years-of-homeopathic-research-lessons-learned/) - Jennifer Jacobs started publishing peer-reviewed papers on homeopathy in the early 1990s. This happens to be around the same time as I did. So, we both have about 30 years of research into homeopathy behind us. Jennifer just authored a paper entitled "Thirty Years of Homeopathic Research – Lessons Learned". Here is its abstract: Conducting double-blind
- [Oh, dear - I am being blackmailed by a German psychologist!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/oh-dear-i-am-being-blackmailed-by-a-german-psychologist/) - I have been called just about everything during my professional life (not to mention the private one). Yesterday, a new addition arrived: a German psychologist who chose to misunderstand a re-Tweet (or is that re-X these days?), Sebastian Bartoschek, implied I am an anti-Semite. My re-Tweet quoted without any comment by me a Holocaust survivor
- [The Effect of Reiki on Sexual Function and Sexual Self-Confidence in Women with Sexual Distress](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-effect-of-reiki-on-sexual-function-and-sexual-self-confidence-in-women-with-sexual-distress/) - Of all the forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), Reiki is amongst the least plausible. It is a form of paranormal or ‘energy healing’ popularised by Japanese Mikao Usui (1865–1926). Reiki is based on the assumptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the existence of ‘chi’, the life-force that is assumed to determine our health. Reiki
- [Surveys are the bane of so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/surveys-are-the-bain-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Yes, I often moan about the abundance of poor-quality prevalence surveys that we are confronted with when scanning the literaturee on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), e.g.: The survey mania in so-called alternative medicine prevents progress A truly homeopathic survey A new survey of CAM-use (or is it a promotion for more nonsense on the NHS?)
- [Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: is acupuncture truly a "first-line treatment"?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/combat-related-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-is-acupuncture-truly-a-first-line-treatment/) - Current interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are efficacious, yet effectiveness may be limited by adverse effects and high withdrawal rates. Acupuncture is an intervention with some positive preliminary but methodologically flawed data for PTSD. Therefore a new study compared verum acupuncture with sham acupuncture (minimal needling) on clinical and physiological outcomes. This was a
- [The NCCIH (formerly NCCAM, formerly OAM) has proven to be a monumental, unethical waste of money](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-nccih-formerly-nccam-formerly-oam-has-proven-to-be-a-monumental-unethical-waste-of-money/) - A recent post of mine started an interesting discussion about the research of the NCCIH. Richard Rasker made the following comment: The NCCIH was initially established as the Office for Alternative Medicine (OAM) for mostly the same reason that Edzard’s department at Exeter was founded, i.e. to study alternative modalities, and determine once and for all which
- [AUWEI, the GWUP is falling apart!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/auwei-the-gwup-is-falling-apart/) - Yesterday, someone (hopefully) unknown to me (hiding under the pseudonym 'Queristfrei') tweeted this rather bizarre comment [in German, my translation]: This trivialisation of the unjust GDR state, in which people died for political reasons, shows how "lost" the people are who @amardeo, @Skepges, @EdzardErnst and the @Skepges respect and defend. That's historical fabrication to the
- [Exercise can alleviate major depressive disorder](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/exercise-can-alleviate-major-depressive-disorder/) - The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. The screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were performed
- [Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/meditation-for-the-primary-and-secondary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease/) - These days - 11 years after the closure of my department at Exeter - it is not often that I co-author a peer-reviewed paper. All the more reason, I think, to celebrate when it does happen: Our review was aimed at determining the effectiveness of meditation, primarily mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and transcendental meditation (TM), for
- [Thanks everyone for your touching concerns about my image](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/thanks-everyone-for-your-touching-concerns-about-my-image/) - A recent post of mine seems to have galvanized concerns about my image and general attitude towards so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Here are the comments I am referring to: Hanjo Lehmann ...you should take care of your image: not being a man who just hates anything that smells like “alternative medicine” but rather an experienced
- [INQUEST INTO AYAHUASCA AND KAMBO DEATH](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/inquest-into-ayahuasca-and-kambo-death/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod This week a Coroner’s Inquest into the death of Jarrad Antonovich resumes [1] in Byron Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Meanwhile, pending the outcome of Inquests and other investigations, the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission has imposed interim prohibition order on Mr Soulore Solaris, ‘….a Counsellor who facilitates Ayahuasca ceremonies.’
- [France outlaws practices which expose patients to a serious health risk](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/france-outlaws-practices-which-expose-patients-to-a-serious-health-risk/) - The French 'National Assembly' has yesterday adopted a major law aimed at reinforcing the prevention and combat against sectarian aberrations in France. This marks a significant step forward in strengthening the protection of citizens against abuse and manipulation by charlatans, gurus and other sectarian movements. This bill, the result of particularly fruitful work and debate
- [REASON FOR CONCERN: The use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) in the US is increasing](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/reason-for-concern-the-use-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-in-the-us-is-increasing/) - Millions of US adults use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). In 2012, 55 million adults spent $28.3 billion on SCAMs, comparable to 9% of total out-of-pocket health care expenditures. A recent analysis conducted by the US National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) suggests a substantial increase in the overall use of
- [Happy Valentine, everyone!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/happy-valentine-everyone/) - Some of these irritating skeptics claim that so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is useless. They are wrong, of course! SCAM's incredible uselulness is never more obvious that on Valentine's Day. Here are just a few exaples that will make even the most hard-nosed skeptic reconsider: Since acupuncture helps in promoting the circulation of blood, it may increase
- [A 'Self-Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation' that resulted in death](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/a-self-chiropractic-spinal-manipulation-that-resulted-in-death/) - As we have often discussed on this blog, chiropractic spinal manipulations can lead to several complications and can result in vascular injury, including traumatic dissection of the vertebral arteries with often dire consequences - see, for instance, here: Chiropractor caused a Vertebral Artery Dissection from a completely unnecessary neck adjustment Associations between cervical artery dissection
- [Reiki is a laughable scam](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/reiki-is-a-laughable-scam/) - This pilot study is "delving into the potential benefits of Reiki therapy as a complementary intervention for the treatment and management of stress and anxiety". A total of 31 volunteers self-reporting stress, anxiety, or psychological disorders were enrolled. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire for
- [Richard C. Niemtzow, inventor of the 'BATTLE FIELD ACUPUNCTURE', enters the 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/richard-c-niemtzow-inventor-of-the-battle-field-acupuncture-enters-the-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - Medical Acupuncture is the name of a quarterly journal published for the 'American Academy of Medical Acupuncture' that publishes around 60 pro-acupuncture articles every year. Its editor is Richard C. Niemtzow, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H. Richard is a retired US Air Force colonel who was the first full-time physician acupuncturist in the US Armed Forces. He
- [The EU will phase out the use of dental amalgam](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-eu-will-phase-out-the-use-of-dental-amalgam/) - Mercury is a highly toxic chemical that threatens the health of humans and the environment. When it is released into the environment, it enters the food chain where it accumulates, particularly in fish. Exposure to high levels of mercury can cause harm to the brain, lungs, kidneys and the immune system. For these reasons, dental
- [The UK General Chiropractic Council (yet again) protects the chiro rather than the patient](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-uk-general-chiropractic-council-yet-again-protects-the-chiro-rather-than-the-patient/) - We have often asked whether the General Chiropractic Council (GCC) is fit for purpose. A recent case bought before the Professional Conduct Committee (PCC) of the GCC provides further food for thought. The male chiropractor in question admitted to the PCC that: he had requested the younger female patient remove her clothing to her underwear for
- [Homeopathy and cancer - I hope King Charles avoids them both!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/homeopathy-and-cancer-i-hope-king-charles-avoids-them-both/) - If I had a £ for each time I was asked during the last few days whether King Charles is going to treat his cancer with homeopathy, I would have my pockets full of cash. The question seems reasonable because he has been singing the praise of homeopathy for decades. But, as I have pointed
- [The effectiveness of trigger point acupuncture on chronic neck and shoulder pain with work productivity loss in office workers](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-effectiveness-of-trigger-point-acupuncture-on-chronic-neck-and-shoulder-pain-with-work-productivity-loss-in-office-workers/) - This study tested whether trigger point acupuncture (TrPA) is beneficial for office workers who have reduced job performance (presenteeism) due to chronic neck and shoulder pain (katakori). A 4-week single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted on 20 eligible female office workers with chronic neck and shoulder pain of at least 3-month duration. The control group
- [King Charles and cancer - yes, I do wish him well!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/king-charles-and-cancer-yes-i-do-wish-him-well/) - Yestderday, it was announced that King Charles has cancer. He had been in hospital for surgery for his enlarged prostate. Initially, the news was positive, as it was confirmed not to be prostate cancer. However, during the investigations, a cancer was discovered that apparently is unrelated to the prostate. Since the announcement, many journalists and
- [The ARCIM Institute: a few uncomfortable questions](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/the-arcim-institute-a-few-unconfortable-questions/) - I have to admit that I came across the 'ARCIM' (Academic Research in Complementary and Integrative Medicine) Institute only yesterday when writing the post about Buteyko. Naturally, the institution interested me, and I tried to find out more about it. As pointed out previously, the aim of the ARCIM research institute, founded in 2010, is
- [Buteyko breathing technique for patients with asthma?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/buteyko-breathing-technique-for-patients-with-asthma/) - The Buteyko techniques (known in Russia as ‘Voluntary Elimination of Deep Breathing’) are treatments to control respiration developed by the Russian Konstantin Buteyko (1923–2003). Inspired by the methods of respiratory control in yoga, the original Buteyko technique was specifically aimed at easing the symptoms of respiratory conditions, particularly asthma. Konstantin Buteyko postulated that there is
- [Curcumin: a case study of large-scale research fraud](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/curcumin-a-case-study-of-large-scale-research-fraud/) - An alarming story of research fraud in the area of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is unfolding: Bharat B. Aggarwal, the Indian-American biochemist who worked at MD Anderson Cancer Center, focused his research on curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, and authored more than 125 Medline-listed articles about it. They reported that curcumin had therapeutic potential for
- [Is Tai Chi a way to keep us young?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/is-tai-chi-a-way-to-keep-us-young/) - Getting old is not nice - but think of the alternative! I think it was Woody Allen who said something to that extent. But there is a third way, at least this is waht Tai Chi advocates want us to believe. Utilizing a hybrid design, this study aimed to test whether both long-term and short-term
- ['Touch massage' for reducing anxiety of patients in a sterile hematology unit? An almost touching trial.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/02/touch-massage-for-reducing-anxiety-of-patients-in-a-sterile-hematology-unit-an-almost-touching-trial/) - Supportive care is often assumed to be beneficial in managing the anxiety symptoms common in patients in sterile hematology unit. The authors of this study hypothesize that personal massage can help the patient, particularly in this isolated setting where physical contact is extremely limited. The main objective of this study therefore was to show that
- [HARD TO BELIEVE: In Kent (UK), the NHS advocates and pays for pure quackery](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/hard-to-believe-in-kent-uk-the-nhs-advocates-and-pays-for-pure-quackery/) - After the nationwide huha created by the BBC's promotion of auriculotherapy and AcuSeeds, it comes as a surprise to learn that, in Kent (UK), the NHS seems to advocate and provide this form of quackery. Here is the text of the patient leaflet: Kent Community Health, NHS Foundation Trust Auriculotherapy This section provides information to
- [Osteopathic manipulative treatment for pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain... Another study of wishful thinking](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/osteopathic-manipulative-treatment-for-pain-and-disability-in-patients-with-chronic-low-back-pain/) - The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an OMT intervention for reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). It was designed as a single-blinded, crossover, randomized trial (RCT) and conducted at a university-based health system. Participants were adults, 21–65 years old, with non-specific LBP. Eligible participants
- [Anti-vaxxer jailed for selling bleach (MMS) as a cure for Covid-19](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/anti-vaxxer-jailed-for-selling-bleach-mms-as-a-cure-for-covid-19/) - The so-called 'Miracle Mineral Solution' (MMS) - bleach for you and me - is a SCAM that keeps on giving. On this blog, we have featured MMS several times before, e.g.: Selling bleach as ‘miracle’ cure (MMS): Father and three sons are going to prison Selling bleach solution as ‘miracle’ cure? No, it’s a dangerous
- [Causes and consequences of 'quack medicine' in healthcare](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/causes-and-consequences-of-quack-medicine-in-healthcare/) - This review aimed to investigate and categorize the causes and consequences of 'quack medicine' in the healthcare. A scoping review, using the 5 stages of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, was conducted to retrieve and analyze the literature. International databases including the PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science and also national Iranian databases were searched to
- [Homeopathy does not work beyond context effects - not even in Switzerland!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/homeopathy-does-not-work-beyond-context-effects-not-even-in-switzerland/) - Guest post by Udo Endruscheit Switzerland is probably the European country with the strangest complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) regulations in the health insurance system. A total of five different CAM methods have been included in the benefits catalogue of basic insurance for several years. However, this is subject to a strange proviso. How did
- [The 'Austrian Medical Academy' should be in the 'Guinness Book of Records' for promoting quackery](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/the-austrian-medical-academy-should-be-in-the-guinness-book-of-records-for-promoting-quackery/) - The Austrian 'Initiative für Wissenschaftliche Medizin' (Initiative for Scientific Medicine) did a great job by summarizing the non-scientific training events dedicated to pseudomedicine organized, supported or promoted by the 'Österreichische Akademie der Ärzte' (Austrian Academy of Physicians), a partner of the Austrian Medical Association. They sorted them by date in descending order, listing the DFP
- [The Royal prostate, SCAM and the questions they raise](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/the-prostate-of-king-charles-scam-and-the-questions-that-emerge/) - If you live in the UK, it was impossible during the last week or so to escape the news that our King is going into hospital for a 'corrective procedure' on his benign prostate problem. Apparently, he is keen to share his diagnosis with the public to encourage other men who may be experiencing symptoms
- [Unprecedented Penalty for Midwife Falsifying Vaccine Records and Using 'Homeopathic Vaccinations'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/unprecedented-penalty-for-midwife-falsifying-vaccine-records-and-using-homeopathic-vaccinations/) - It has been reported that the New York State Department of Health has issued a $300,000 penalty as part of a Stipulation and Order signed by a Nassau County midwife who created false immunization records. Roughly 1,500 school-aged children from throughout the State are affected by the vaccine scheme, which has resulted in their immunization
- [Effect of Acupuncture vs Sham Acupuncture on Patients With Poststroke Motor Aphasia A Randomized Clinical Trial](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/effect-of-acupuncture-vs-sham-acupuncture-on-patients-with-poststroke-motor-aphasia-a-randomized-clinical-trial/) - Motor aphasia is common among patients with stroke. Acupuncture is recommended by TCM enthusiasts as a so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for poststroke aphasia, but its efficacy remains uncertain. JAMA just published a study that investigated the effects of acupuncture on language function, neurological function, and quality of life in patients with poststroke motor aphasia. The study
- [Recovery of fire-damaged “cerrado” treated with homeopathic preparations](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/recovery-of-fire-damaged-cerrado-treated-with-homeopathic-preparations/) - A we have heard from our homeopathic friend, Dana Ullaman, homeopathy works well for plants. Unfortunatley, he was unable to provide any good evidence for his claim. To show what a nice guy I am, I herewith help him out and present a recent study on the subject: Given the seasonal climatic characteristics, forest fires
- [Dragons' Den contestant gets offer from all six Dragons for an Ear Acupressure Device](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/dragons-den-contestant-gets-offer-from-all-six-dragons-for-an-ear-acupressure-device/) - Dragons' Den is a British reality television business programme, presented by Evan Davis and based upon the original Japanese series. The show allows several entrepreneurs an opportunity to present their varying business ideas to a panel of five wealthy investors, the "Dragons" of the show's title, and pitch for financial investment while offering a stake of the company in return. It has been
- ["It is unethical to offer or endorse alternative medicine"](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/it-is-unethical-to-offer-or-endorse-alternative-medicine/) - I have been banging on about informed consent many times; not because I have a bee in my bonnet, I hope, but because it is of vital importance. Here are a few examples: Informed consent for chiropractors who treat children Guess who made this comment on ‘INFORMED CONSENT’ Informed consent: why chiropractors don’t like it
- [Measles are back - not least thanks to so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), I fear](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/measles-are-back-not-least-thanks-to-so-called-alternatibe-medicine-scam-i-fear/) - Only a few years ago, measles - a potentially lethal disease - were deemed to be almost eradicated. Now we hear that, in the UK and the US, cases of measles have been rising again. The latest UK outbreaks are centered in the West Midlands and London. The UK Health Security Agency has thus declared
- [COVID vaccinations reduced death rates in Europe by 57%](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/covid-vaccinations-reduced-death-rates-in-europe-by-57/) - Proponents of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) are often - as we had many opportunities to observe here on this blog - not impressed with the safety and efficacy of COVID vaccinations. This is despite the fact that several studies have demonstrated the huge number of lives saved by them, both at national and multi-country level
- [Use of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and its association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/use-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-and-its-association-with-sars-cov-2-vaccination-status/) - Patients are increasingly using and requesting so-called alternative medicine Medicine (SCAM), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains unclear whether they use SCAMs in conjunction with conventional medicine or to replace vaccination or other approaches and whether they discuss them with their physicians as part of shared decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the
- [Patients with shoulder pain who received manual therapy, electrotherapy, or acupuncture experienced equal or more pain and disability at 6 months compared to those who did not](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/patients-with-shoulder-pain-who-received-manual-therapy-electrotherapy-or-acupuncture-experienced-equal-or-more-pain-and-disability-at-6-months-compared-to-those-who-did-not/) - The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in outcome between participants with high compared to low pain self-efficacy (PSE) receiving manual therapy, acupuncture, and electrotherapy. Participants were stratified into high or low baseline (i) PSE, (ii) shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), and (iii) did or did not receive
- [My Interview in the 'Frankfurter Allgemeine'](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/my-interview-in-the-frankfurtrt-allgemeine/) - I had the rare pleasure to give an interview for the 'Frankfurter Allgemeine'. As it was, of course, in German, I took the liberty to translate it for my non-German speaking readers: You have researched so-called alternative medicine over several decades, including homeopathy. What is your conclusion? We are talking about far more than 400
- [Have the German skeptics lost the plot? (PART 2)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/have-the-german-skeptics-lost-the-plot-part-2/) - When I decided to write my recent post about bizarre things going on with the GWUP (the German Skeptics), I knew, of course, that it would cause a few ripples. As a member of the GWUP scientific committee, I had been on the receiving end for the best part of a year of virtually hundreds
- [Have the German skeptics lost the plot? (PART 1)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/have-the-german-skeptics-lost-the-plot/) - Many years ago, when I was first invited to give a talk to a gathering of skeptics, I started my lecture by stating: "I am very sceptical - so much so that I am even sceptical about the skeptics." Now it seems that my words are about to acquire a new meaning. Since several years,
- [A new concept that "can explain the basic ‘laws’ of homeopathy"?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/a-new-concept-that-can-explain-the-basic-laws-of-homeopathy/) - I am sure that I am not the only one who feels with or friend, regular contributor, and expert in uncritical thinking, Dana Ullman. His heart-warming defence of homeopathy entirely depends on the notion that homeopathy is nano-medicine. As Dana's views are more and more discredited, the poor man understandably gets more and more desperate.
- [Craniosacral therapy is ineffective nonsense](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/craniosacral-therapy-is-ineffective-nonsense/) - Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a widely taught component of osteopathic medical education. It is included in the standard curriculum of osteopathic medical schools, despite controversy surrounding its use. This paper seeks to systematically review randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the clinical effectiveness of CST compared to standard care, sham treatment, or no treatment in adults
- [Germany will remove the option for health insurance companies to include homeopathic and anthroposophic services in their statutes](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/germany-will-remove-the-option-for-health-insurance-companies-to-include-homeopathic-and-anthroposophic-services-in-their-statutes/) - he German press reported yesterday that the country's Health Minister Karl Lauterbach plans to remove homeopathic treatments from the benefits catalog of statutory health insurance companies. "Services that have no medically verifiable benefit should not be financed from contribution funds," states a recommendation paper by the minister. "For this reason, we will remove the option
- [The effectiveness of cupping therapy for low back pain](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/the-effectiveness-of-cupping-therapy-for-low-back-pain/) - This systematic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cupping therapy on low back pain (LBP). Medline, Embase, Scopus and WANFANG databases were searched for relevant cupping RCTs on low back pain articles up to 2023. A complementary search was manually made on 27 September for update screening. Full-text English and Chinese articles on all
- [Another study confirms acupuncture to be a theatrical placebo](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/another-study-confirms-acupuncture-to-be-a-theatrical-placebo/) - Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and can lead to serious complications. Therapeutic strategies for pain control are available but there are few approaches that influence neurological deficits such as numbness. This study investigated the effectiveness of acupuncture on improving neurological deficits in patients suffering from type 2 DPN. The
- [A Profile of SCAM Practitioners and Their Practices](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/a-profile-of-scam-practitioners-and-their-practices/) - Representatives of six Australian professional organizations of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) developed a survey for e-mail distribution to members. The anonymous online Qualtrics survey was based on previous surveys to identify workforce trends over time. Survey data were analyzed descriptively using Qualtrics and STATA statistical software. Responses were recorded from 1921 participants. Respondents were predominantly
- [The new 'Education Standards' of the General Chiropractic Council (GCC) should put an end to chiropractic in the UK](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/the-new-education-standards-of-the-general-chiropractic-council-gcc-should-put-an-end-to-chiropractic-in-the-uk/) - Since the introduction of their new Education Standards in March 2023, the General Chiropractic Council (GCC) has been working with chiropractic education providers to support them in implementing the changes to their curricula. Recently, the GCC have stated this: We expect students to be taught evidence-based practice: integrating individual clinical expertise, the best available evidence
- [A fresh look at 'Integrative Medicine' ... and it turns out, I am all for it!](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/a-fresh-look-at-integrative-medicine-and-it-turns-out-i-am-all-for-it/) - On this blog, I have often been highly critical of integrative (or integrated) medicine (IM) - see, for instance: Integrative medicine: a satirical perspective A slightly different perspective on ‘INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE’ Memorandum ‘INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE’ Prince Charles’ opening speech at the ‘biggest ever’, ‘history-making’ integrative medicine conference The European Parliament’s Pathetic Attempt to Dabble in Integrative
- [Sorry, but you are not competent to criticize: The culture of avoiding criticism in so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/sorry-but-you-are-not-competent-to-criticize-the-culture-of-avoiding-criticism-in-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - Following on from my recent post about chiropractic denial, I feel like elaborating a little on an argument that is regularly used by those who try to defend the indefensible: YOU ARE NOT COMPETENT TO CRITICIZE! The notion is extremely popular not just with chiropractors but with virtually all practitioners of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM).
- [Mapping the clinical practice of SCAM in oncology in Western countries.](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/mapping-the-clinical-practice-of-scam-in-oncology-in-western-countries/) - As regulars on this blog know, I am very sceptical about the plethora of nonsensical surveys published in the realm of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and thus rarely refer to them here. Today, however, I will make an exception. This international online-survey assessed the demographical data, clinical practice, and sources of information used by SCAM practitioners
- [Chiropractic spinal manipulations are safe!!! ... Or aren't they?](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/chiropractic-spinal-manipulations-are-safe-or-arent-they/) - The risks of chiropractic spinal manipulations (CSMs) feature regularly on my blog, not least because most chiropractors are in denial of this important issue and insist that chiropractic spinal manipulations are safe!!!. I therefore thought it might be a good idea to try and summarize the arguments they often put forward in promoting their dangerously
- [The altruistic chiropractor: free spinal checks for children](https://edzardernst.com/2024/01/the-altruistic-chiropractor-free-spinal-checks-for-children/) - Chiropractors may have a bad reputation, but that's all wrong. They are selfless and dedicated to the extend that some of them even offer their services for free! A UK chiropractor, for instance, proundly claims on his website this: If your spine is not healthy, you are not healthy. Chiropractic care works to help ensure your
- [The most remarkable SCAMs of 2023](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/the-most-remarkable-scams-of-2023/) - Yes, it's the season for the '1o best/most/etc.' and I don't want to be left behind, of course. Let me therefore present to you the most noteworthy so-called alternative medicines (SCAMs) and related subjects that we discussed here in 2023. British politician punished for calling COVID-vaccination the “biggest crime against humanity since the holocaust” Thursday 12
- [King Charles'  "Ayurvedic Centre of Excellence" turns out to be an embarrassing failure](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/king-charless-ayurvedic-centre-of-excellence-turns-out-to-be-an-embarrassing-failure/) - It has been reported that King Charles’ charity, formerly the Prince’s Foundation, is compelled to return £110,000 to the Indian government. The funds were earmarked for an NHS alternative medicine clinic championed by Charles, which never materialised. The proposed clinic was aimed at integrating Indian traditional medicine into the UK’s healthcare system. But why did
- [TOXIN BUILDUP? Do not despair! Here is the solution](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/toxin-buildup-do-not-despair-here-is-the-solution/) - TOXIN BUILDUP CAN CAUSE: Brain Fog Irritability Exhaustion Stress Induced Muscle Aches Inability to Concentrate Tiredness Restlessness And Many More Problems At least this is what we are being told on the Nuunu website which appeared in my emails recently (how did they know that I am full of toxins?). Here is some more of
- [Live Blood Analysis: an ideal tool for quacks to rip off their gullible clients.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/live-blood-analysis-an-ideal-tool-for-quacks-to-rip-off-their-gullible-clients/) - The story about Thomas Rau made me once again look into the plethora of hair-raising nonsense that is being claimed on social media and elsewhere about live-blood analysis (LBA). LBA is a form of 'dark field microscopy where the sample is illuminated with light that will not be collected by the objective lens and thus
- [The new WHO guideline for the  management of chronic low  back pain. Focus: spinal manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/who-guideline-for-non-surgical-management-of-chronic-primary-low-back-pain-in-adults-in-primary-and-community-care-settings-focus-spinal-manipulation/) - The WHO has just released guidelines for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP). The guideline considers 37 types of interventions across five intervention classes. With the guidelines, WHO recommends non-surgical interventions to help people experiencing CPLBP. These interventions include: education programs that support knowledge and self-care strategies; exercise programs; some physical therapies, such
- [Thomas Rau, the SCAM-doctor and 'honorary professor' who swears by 'live blood analysis'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/thomas-rau-the-scam-doctor-and-honorary-professor-who-swears-by-live-blood-analysis/) - He came to my attention via the sad story recently featured here about patients allegedly being harmed or killed in a Swiss hospital for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). What I then learned about the doctor in charge of this place fascinated me: Rau states about himself (my translation): Early on, Dr Rau focused on natural
- [Ameliorative effects of homeopathic medicines in the management of different  cancers](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/ameliorative-effects-of-homeopathic-medicines-in-the-management-of-different-cancers/) - Some articles are just too remarkable for me to alter them in any way. This one impresses already by its title: "Ameliorative effects of homeopathic medicines in the management of different cancers". By way of a 'Christmas treat', here its summary: Homeopathy is a commonly used complementary and alternative system of medicine for the treatment
- [An energy healer and prolific rapist](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/an-energy-healer-and-prolific-rapist/) - Jean-Maurice Latsague (85 years old) has a track record of sexual assaults. Recently, he stood trial before the Sarthe Assize Court from 13 to 15 December for rapes committed during healing sessions. He has worked as an energy healer for many years, and it was in this capacity that he came into conflict with the law
- [Please think twice before trying so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) - a cautionary tale from Switzerland](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/please-think-twice-before-trying-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-a-cautionary-tale-from-switzerland/) - The NZZ recently published a long and horrific report about a natural health clinic and its doctors. Here is a version translated and shortened by me; perhaps it makes a few people think twice before they waste their money and risk their health: It is a narrow mountain road that they are racing down on
- ["No one should ever use any homeopathic ophthalmic products"](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/no-one-should-ever-use-any-homeopathic-ophthalmic-products/) - 2003 has been marked by many terrifying things, but perhaps the most surprising of the 2023 horrors was … eye drops. ArsTechnica reports that the seemingly innocuous teeny squeeze bottle made for alarming headlines numerous times during our current revolution around the sun, with lengthy lists of recalls, startling factory inspections, and ghastly reports of people developing near-untreatable
- [Might the 'G-Spot' arouse the ASA?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/the-g-spot-that-might-arouse-the-asa/) - Need to find a last-minute Christmas present? What about the 'libido-boosting soft drink G Spot? That surely would make a wonderful holiday season (provided the drink does not get highjacked by your mother-in-law). Here is more info, in case you are interested: Launched in May 2023, the line of plant-based sparkling drinks include “life-enhancing adaptogens and
- ["Safe access to certain practices would be guaranteed" - The pro-integration part of 'Le Figaro'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/safe-access-to-certain-practices-would-be-guaranteed-the-pro-integration-part-of-le-figaro/) - As promised, here is my translation of the article published yesterday in 'Le Figaro' arguing in favour of integrating so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) into the French healthcare system [the numbers in square brackets were inserted by me and refer to my comments listed at the bottom]. So-called unconventional healthcare practices (osteopathy, naturopathy, acupuncture, homeopathy and
- ['Le Figaro': Should unconventional healthcare practices be integrated into the public healthcare system?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/should-unconventional-healthcare-practices-be-integrated-into-the-public-healthcare-system/) - "Le Figaro" has published two articles (one contra and one pro) authored by 'NoFakeMed' (an association of health professionals warning of the danger of fake medicine) signed by a long list of healthcare professionals (including myself) who argue that so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) should be excluded from public healthcare. It relates to the fact that,
- [Does Osteopathy Prevent Motion Sickness?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/does-osteopathy-prevent-motion-sickness/) - Due to the common adverse effects of motion sickness pharmaceuticals (e.g., drowsiness), medication options to treat the condition are limited. Thus many non-pharmacological therapies are being advocated for it. One of them is osteopathy. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential utility of a nonpharmaceutical method for motion sickness prevention, specifically an
- [Revoking the training certificate 'homeopathy' of doctors in Germany](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/revoking-the-training-certificate-homeopathy-of-doctors-in-germany/) - In Germany, two doctors, Dr. Christian Denné (from Vechta), Dr. Hans-Werner Bertelsen (from Bremen), and myself have initiated a petition. Here is my translation of its full text: We, the undersigned, demand that the "homeopathy" training certificates be revoked. After the deletion from the further training regulations of the vast majority of state medical associations
- [German homeopath arrested](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/german-homeopath-arrested/) - Carola Javid-Kistel is a German medical homeopath who states on her website that "homeopathy is a very powerful yet gentle medicine with no side effects, which accompanies me as a doctor for the rest of my life. Thanks to homeopathy, I was completely cured of my ailments..." (my translation). She is famous in Germany -
- [My 'open letter' to the new 'BEYOND PILLS' All Parliamentary Group in Westminster.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/my-open-letter-to-the-new-beyond-pills-all-parliamentary-group-in-westminster/) - I just found this on 'X' (formerly Twitter): We're delighted to announce the launch of the #BeyondPills All Parliamentary Group in Westminster. Chaired by Danny Kruger MP and co-chaired by Lord Crisp, this new body aims to tackle #overreliance on pills, reducing the number of unnecessary and inappropriate prescriptions. It turns out that I did
- [How to reduce vaccination hesitancy?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/how-to-reduce-vaccination-hesitancy/) - On this blog, we had more than our fair share of comments from the anti-vax clan. This article asked a question that I have often been pondering: How to convince the unvaccinated proportion of the population of the benefits of a vaccination? Designing more successful communication strategies, both in retrospect and looking ahead, requires a differentiated
- [Useless ramblings about 'research.com' + some shameless navel-gazing](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/useless-ramblings-about-research-com-some-shameless-navel-gazing/) - I don't know why, but it was only recently that I came across RESEARCH.COM! In case you don't know what it is: essentially, it is a platform that offers rankings of: Universities, Journals, Conferences, Scientists Research.com "really cares about the quality and visibility of research and our mission is to offer leading researchers better exposure
- [Dr. Michael Dixon under scrutiny](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/dr-michael-dixon-under-scrutiny/) - In May this year, I reported that my ex-friend Michael Dixon had been appointed as HEAD OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL HOUSEHOLD. The story was picked up by Gabriel Pogrund, one of the top investigative journalists of THE SUNDAY TIMES, who published a long article about Dixon yesterday which I encourage you to read in full.
- [Reasons for parental hesitancy or refusal of childhood vaccination](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/reasons-for-parental-hesitancy-or-refusal-of-childhood-vaccination/) - In many parts of the world, vaccination rates have been declining in recent years. Why? This study aimed to determine the rates and reasons for parental hesitancy or refusal of vaccination for their children in Türkiye. A total of 1100 participants selected from 26 regions of Türkiye were involved in this cross-sectional study conducted between
- [Conservative Management of Cervical Radiculopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/conservative-management-of-cervical-radiculopathy/) - The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of conservative interventions compared with other interventions, placebo/sham interventions, or no intervention on disability, pain, function, quality of life, and psychological impact in adults with cervical radiculopathy (CR), a painful condition caused by the compression or irritation of the nerves that supply
- [Homeopathic delusions: Rhus Tox for herpes simplex](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/homeopathic-delusions-rhus-tox-for-herpes-simplex/) - Every now and then, I come across a paper that is so remarkable that I feel like copying it for you in its full and untouched beauty. The recent article entitled "Revisiting the therapeutic potential of homeopathic medicine Rhus Tox for herpes simplex virus and inflammatory conditions" falls in this category. Let me present to
- [So-called alternative medicine for long COVID: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/so-called-alternative-medicine-for-long-covid-a-systematic-review-of-randomized-controlled-trials/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) interventions are often being discussed as possible treatments for long COVID symptoms. However, comprehensive analysis of current evidence in this setting is still lacking. This review aims to review existing published studies on the use of SCAM interventions for patients experiencing long COVID through a systematic review. A comprehensive electronic literature search
- [Updated and strengthened guidance "to ensure safer practice by chiropractors who treat children under the age of 12 years"](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/updated-and-strengthened-guidance-to-ensure-safer-practice-by-chiropractors-who-treat-children-under-the-age-of-12-years/) - I was alerted to the updated and strengthened guidance to ensure safer practice by chiropractors who treat children under the age of 12 years that has recently been published by the Chiropractic Board of Australia after considering the recommendations made by the Safer Care Victoria independent review. The Board also considered community needs and expectations,
- [A Case Report of Spinopelvic Dissociation After Chiropractic Adjustment](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/a-case-report-of-spinopelvic-dissociation-after-chiropractic-adjustment/) - A case report of a U-type sacral fracture, or spinopelvic dissociation, resulting from chiropractic manipulation has recently been published. It presents the case of a 74-year-old male patient who sustained a U-type sacral fracture after drop-table chiropractic manipulation. The drop table chiropractic technique is claimed by chiropractors to involve lesser brute force for spinal manipulation than
- [Medicinal Mushrooms for Cancer?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/medicinal-mushrooms-for-cancer/) - Mushrooms are somewhat neglected in medical research, I often feel. This systematic review focused on clinical studies testing the effectiveness of mushrooms in cancer care. A total of 39 met the authors' inclusion criteria. The studies included 12 different mushroom preparations. Some of the findings were encouraging: A survival benefit was reported using Huaier granules (Trametes
- [Slapping therapy: therapist arrested and charged with manslaughter by gross negligence](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/slapping-therapy-therapist-arrested-and-charged-with-manslaughter-by-gross-negligence/) - It has been reported that a man has been charged after the death of a woman attending a slapping therapy workshop run by Hongchi Xiao. Danielle Carr-Gomm died aged 71 at Cleeve House in Seend, Wiltshire, on 20 October 2016. Hongchi Xiao (60), an alternative healer who advocates a technique known as “slapping therapy”, living
- [Anthroposophic medicine and vaccine hesitancy: are there links?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/12/anthroposophic-medicine-and-vaccine-hesitancy-are-there-links/) - That proponents of anthroposophic medicine have strange attitudes towards established and effective immunizations is hardly a secret. The authors of this review defined anthroposophic communities as people following some/certain views more or less loosely connected to the philosophies of anthroposophy. Their systematic review firstly collated evidence documenting outbreaks linked to anthroposophic communities. A total of
- [A dietary supplement for COVID patients?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/a-dietary-supplement-for-covid-patients/) - Despite effective vaccines, there is still a need for effective treatments for COVID, especially for people in the community. Dietary supplements have long been used to treat respiratory infections, and preliminary evidence indicates some may be effective in people with COVID-19. This study tested whether a combination of vitamin C, vitamin D3, vitamin K2 and
- [Yoga guru arrested for rape and human trafficking](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/yoga-guru-arrested-for-rape-and-human-trafficking/) - Several newspapers have reported that, in the Paris region and in the Alpes-Maritimes, France, some 175 police officers were mobilized yesterday to arrest of Gregorian Bivolaru, 71, the Romanian guru and founder of the Movement for Spiritual Integration Towards the Absolute (Misa), which became the 'Atman Yoga Federation' when it expanded outside Romania. Bivolaru had
- [Yoga for back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/yoga-for-back-pain/) - Certain aspects of yoga can be used as a non-pharmacological conservative therapeutic approach to the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP). This overview summarized and evaluated data from current systematic reviews (SRs) on the use of yoga for CLBP. The researchers searched SRs on the use of yoga for CLBP in nine electronic databases
- [The Prevalence of Vertebral Subluxation: how SCAM providers fool the public](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/the-prevalence-of-vertebral-subluxation-how-scam-providers-fool-the-public/) - According to chiropractic belief, vertebral subluxation (VS) is a clinical entity defined as a misalignment of the spine affecting biomechanical and neurological function. The identification and correction of VS is the primary focus of the chiropractic profession. The purpose of this study was to estimate VS prevalence using a sample of individuals presenting for chiropractic
- [Osteopathic visceral manipulation for chronic mechanical low back pain?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/osteopathic-visceral-manipulation-for-chronic-mechanical-low-back-pain/) - This study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of osteopathic visceral manipulation (OVM) combined with physical therapy in pain, depression, and functional impairment in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain (LBP). A total of 118 patients with chronic mechanical LBP were assessed, and 86 who met the inclusion criteria were included in the randomized
- [Chiropractor caused a Vertebral Artery Dissection from a completely unnecessary neck adjustment](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/chiropractor-caused-a-vertebral-artery-dissection-from-a-completely-unnecessary-neck-adjustment/) - I was alerted to this message on 'reddit': I went in to a chiropractor for a sports injury which was completely unrelated to my neck (wrist). While I was there, the chiropractor insisted on also doing a neck adjustment. To make a very long story short, this adjustment caused a vertebral artery dissection. The injury
- [SCAM enthusiasts often claim that COVID vaccinations were useless or even harmful - BUT THEY ARE WRONG!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/scam-enthusiasts-often-claim-that-covid-vaccinations-were-useless-or-even-harmful-but-they-are-wrong/) - How often have we seen it stated on this blog and elsewhere by enthusiasts of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that COVID vaccinations were useless or even harmful? Here is some rather compelling evidence that should make them think again. This population based cohort study investigated the effectiveness of primary covid-19 vaccination (first two doses and
- [Homeopathy as a Therapeutic Option in Space?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/homeopathy-as-a-therapeutic-option-in-space/) - I was alerted to a new book entitled "Handbook of Space Pharmaceuticals". It contains a chapter on "Homeopathy as a Therapeutic Option in Space" (yes, I am not kidding!). Here is its abstract (the numbers were inserted by me and refer to the short comments below): Homeopathy is one of the largest used unorthodox medicinal systems
- [The current recommendations for acupuncture by NICE](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/the-current-recommendations-for-acupuncture-by-nice/) - NICE helps practitioners and commissioners get the best care to patients, fast, while ensuring value for the taxpayer. Internationally, NICE has a reputation for being reliable and trustworthy. But is that also true for its recommendations regarding the use of acupuncture? NICE currently recommends that patients consider acupuncture as a treatment option for the following conditions:
- [Miracle Mineral Supplement (MMS): accidental ingestion by an infant](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/miracle-mineral-supplement-mms-accidental-ingestion-by-an-infant/) - The case of a 2.5-year-old boy who accidentally ingested a 25% sodium chlorite solution was reported. The solution had been recommended to the grandfather as a "bowel cure" by a naturopath. Although the boy tried to spit the solution out again, he was unable to do so or only partially succeeded. Vomiting and diarrhoea soon
- [Do omega-3 fatty acid supplements increase the risk of atrial fibrillation?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/do-omega-3-fatty-acid-supplements-increase-the-risk-of-atrial-fibrillation/) - Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) supplementation reduces the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD-related mortality in patients at high-risk of CVD and in patients with elevated plasma triglyceride level. Yet, some studies have found an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. It is associated with
- [The 'Good Law Project' is supporting a doctor who is suing the GMC over their failure to investigate whether Aseem Malhotra has breached standards](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/the-good-law-project-is-supporting-a-doctor-who-is-sueing-the-gmc-over-their-failure-to-investigate-whether-aseem-malhotra-has-breached-standards/) - The British doctor and outspoken anti-vaxer Aseem Malhotra has featured several times on this blog, e.g.: UK Cardiologist Dr. Aseem Malhotra receives a well-deserved award Dr Aseem Malhotra and Dr Steven James: candour and complacency Now, there has been a potentially important new development in his story. The Good Law Project recently announced the following:
- [German court dismisses lawsuits over alleged coronavirus vaccination damage](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/german-court-dismisses-lawsuits-over-alleged-coronavirus-vaccination-damage/) - It has just been reported that the Düsseldorf Regional Court has dismissed several lawsuits against vaccine manufacturers for alleged coronavirus vaccine damage as unfounded. Three women and one man had filed a lawsuit against manufacturers of mRNA vaccines. They claimed to have suffered significant impairment and damage to their health as a result of the
- [Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/substitution-of-animal-based-with-plant-based-foods-on-cardiometabolic-health-and-all-cause-mortality/) - There is growing evidence that substituting animal-based with plant-based foods is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and all-cause mortality. The aim of this review was to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the substitution of any animal-based foods with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality
- [Homeopathic Medicine for the 21st Century. What does homeopathy offer our modern ailing world?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/homeopathic-medicine-for-the-21st-century-what-does-homeopathy-offer-our-modern-ailing-world/) - Congratulations to Joseph Prahlow, MD, who is the winner of the Excellence in Homeopathy Award! Here are the conclusions of his winning essay. Special thanks to Hermeet Singh and Boiron for their prize donation. Despite the many obstacles and challenges which face homeopathy in the 21st century, the homeopathic community should be emboldened and encouraged by
- [Chiropractors Aren’t The Solution To The Primary Care Shortage: the thorny issue of vaccination](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/chiropractors-arent-the-solution-to-the-primary-care-shortage-the-thorny-issue-of-vaccination/) - According to Healthcare.gov, a primary care provider in the US is “a physician (MD or DO), nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist or physician assistant, as allowed under state law, who provides, coordinates or helps a patient access a range of healthcare services.” A growing movement exists to expand who can act as a primary care privider
- [Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure in 23-Year-Old Female Taking Homeopathic Remedy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/acute-fulminant-hepatic-failure-in-23-year-old-female-taking-homeopathic-remedy/) - "Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure in 23-Year-Old Female Taking Homeopathic Remedy" is not a title we see often on a scientific paper. Naturally, it attrackted my interest. In the paper, a US team presented a case of a 23-year-old otherwise healthy woman with body mass index 32.3 and a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome who presented with
- [Chiropractic has been shown to be a dangerous placebo therapy. My conclusion: do not consult chiropractors!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/chiropractic-has-been-shown-to-be-a-dangerous-placebo-therapy-my-conclusion-do-not-consult-chiropractors/) - The concept that the outcomes of spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) - the hallmark intervention of chiropractors which they use on practically every patient - are optimized when the treatment is aimed at a clinically relevant joint is commonly assumed and central to teaching and clinical use of chiropractic. But is the assumption true? This systematic
- [Bioenergy therapies for cancer: implausible, ineffective, and an unethical waste of money](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/bioenergy-therapies-for-cancer-implausible-ineffective-and-an-unethical-waste-of-money/) - Bioenergy therapies are among the popular so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) treatments. They are used for many diseases, including cancer. Many studies deal with the advantages and disadvantages of bioenergy therapies as an addition to established treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation in the treatment of cancer. However, a systematic overview of this evidence is
- [My interview for 'Vanity Fair Italy' - the English version](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/my-interview-to-vanity-fair-italy-the-english-version/) - On the occasion of a talk that I recently gave in Italy, I was interviewed by VANITY FAIR ITALY. I gave it in English and it was published in Italian. As I don't expect many readers to be fluent in Italian and since it was a good interview, in my view, I thought I give
- [Chiropractic adjustments are causing more and more strokes in younger adults](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/chiropractic-adjustments-are-causing-more-and-more-strokes-in-younger-adults/) - Traditionally, strokes were considered a condition primarily affecting older adults. But in recent years, doctors have noticed a disturbing trend: the rise of stroke cases among younger adults, a demographic that was once considered low-risk. New data reveals an increase in the number of young adults facing an unexpected battle with strokes. Experts point to
- [Cupping: "the propagation of ancient, scientifically unsound techniques that may cause more harm than benefit"](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/cupping-the-propagation-of-ancient-scientifically-unsound-techniques-that-may-cause-more-harm-than-benefit/) - We have often discussed cupping on this blog, e.g.: The ‘WORST PAPER OF 2022 COMPETITION’ entry No 6: “The efficacy and safety of dry cupping in cervical spondylosis with optimization of cup application time – A randomized clinical trial” Cupping therapy for non-specific chronic low back pain Cupping for Olympic swimmers. Or: why breaking your
- [Homeopaths and bovine mastitis: tenacity or stupidity?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/homeopaths-and-bovine-mastitis-tenacity-or-stupidity/) - We have discussed the homeopathic obscession with bovine mastitis before. For instance, we have looked at this systematic review which did exactly that. Its authors are highly respected and come from institutions that are not likely to promote bogus claims: Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Canada Département de Sciences
- [Barriers to the Utilization of So-called Alternative Medicine - is this the worst SCAM paper of the year?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/barriers-to-the-utilization-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-is-this-the-worst-scam-paper-of-the-year/) - The utilization of certain forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is prevalent among adults. While researchers have extensively studied the factors influencing SCAM use in Western countries, significant barriers to its adoption remain. This paper draws attention to the obstacles faced by individuals in their journey to using SCAM. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21
- [Suzanne Somers has died - another victim of so-called alternative medicine?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/suzanne-sommer-has-died-another-victim-of-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Suzanne Somers, born Suzanne Marie Mahoney on October 16, 1946 in San Bruno, California, was an American actress, author and businesswoman. Somers has published several best-selling self-help books, such as I’m Too Young for This! and The Natural Hormone Solution to Enjoy Menopause. In 2001, it was reported that she had breast cancer and was opting
- [Research integrity: a difficult issue, particularly in so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/research-integrity-a-difficult-problem-particularly-in-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Much of the discussions on this blog are directly or indirectly related to the subject of research integrity. Research integrity refers to the ethical and professional standards that researchers must adhere to while conducting research. It involves conducting research in a way that allows others to have confidence and trust in the methods and findings
- [Medicare fraud by chiropractors costs taxpayers millions](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/medicare-fraud-by-chiropractors-costs-taxpayers-millions/) - We have repeatedly discussed the fraud committed by many chiropractors. A recent article provided further information on this lamentable issue. Here are a few excerpts: Fraud in US chiropractic care is on the rise. A shocking 82 percent of the chiropractic services billed to Medicare is unallowable, according to a recent audit by the Office of
- [The BBC, Michael Mosely, air ionization, depression, and an appalling lack of critical thinking.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/the-bbc-michael-mosely-air-ionization-depression-and-an-appalling-lack-of-critical-thinking/) - The BBC has a popular program entitled JUST ONE THING presented by Dr, Michael Mosely. In each of these short broadcasts, Mosely presents JUST ONE THING that will make your life more healthy. Whenever I listen to them, I get slightly irritated. Mosely is clearly a very skilled presenter and makes complicated things easy to
- [Clinical Practice Guideline for Best Practice Management of Pediatric Patients by Chiropractors](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/clinical-practice-guideline-for-best-practice-management-of-pediatric-patients-by-chiropractors/) - If you assumed that the best management of a child by chiropractors is not to treat this patient and refer to a proper doctor, think again. This paper was aimed at building upon existing recommendations on best practices for chiropractic management of children by conducting a formal consensus process and best evidence synthesis. Its authors
- [The cult of chiropractic](https://edzardernst.com/2023/11/the-cult-of-chiropractic/) - 'The Cult of Chiropractic' is the title of a video that has just been released. I think it is very good and, if you are interested in the subject at all, I recommend you have a look. You can watch it here: The Cult of Chiropractic : r/h3h3productions (reddit.com) The video is not just well-done,
- [Conspiracy beliefs prompt consumers to use so-called alternative medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/conspiracy-beliefs-prompt-consumers-to-use-so-called-alternative-medicine/) - Conspiracy beliefs (CBs) can have substantial consequences on health behaviours by influencing both conventional and non-conventional medicine uptake. They can target powerful groups (i.e. upward CBs) or powerless groups (i.e. downward CBs). Considering their repercussions in oncology, it appears useful to understand how CBs are related to the intentions to use conventional and so-called alternative
- [A cancer patient died after taking a herbal mixture containing mistletoe](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-cancer-patient-died-after-taking-a-herbal-mixture-containing-mistletoe/) - It has been reported that a cancer patient died of multiple organ failure after he took a herbalist's remedy that included mistletoe. Retired electrician Haydn Owen Jones had been receiving a third course of treatment for his multiple myeloma when he turned to a herbalist. Alongside two chemotherapy drugs and a steroid, Jones started using a
- [A TCM mixture improves the prognosis of heart attacks? If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-tcm-mixture-improves-the-prognosis-of-heart-attacks-if-it-sounds-too-good-to-be-true-it-probably-is/) - This study investigated whether Tongxinluo,a traditional Chinese medicine compound that has shown promise in in vitro, animal, and small human studies for myocardial infarction, could improve clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among patients with STEMI within 24 hours of symptom onset from
- [A systematic analysis of the mistletoe prescriptions used in clinical studies](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-systematic-analysis-of-the-mistletoe-prescriptions-used-in-clinical-studies/) - Mistletoe, an anthroposophical medicine, is often recommended as a so-callled alternative medicine (SCAM) for cancer patients. But what type of cancer, what type of mistletoe preparation, what dosage regimen, what form of application? The aim of this systematic analysis was to assess the concept of mistletoe treatment in published clinical studies with respect to indication,
- [A few toughts and ideas about 'the biased researcher'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-few-toughts-and-ideas-about-the-biased-researcher/) - Recently, I had the pleasure to give a lecture about bias in research to medical students at my former medical school in Vienna. This led to interesting discussions with the audience. They prompted me to think more than usual about 'the biased researcher', a phenomenon that, in my opinion, seriously plagues the field of so-called
- [Diabetics who use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) have a lower quality of life](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/diabetics-who-use-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-have-a-lower-quality-of-life/) - How often have we heard that, even if so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) does not improve the more tangible health outcomes, at least it does improve the quality of life of those who use it. But is that popular assumprion correct? The present study investigated the use of SCAM and its relationship with health-related quality of
- [What will I call a billion people who believe in something absurd? I WOULD CALL THEM SERIOUSLY MISLED AND PERHAPS EVEN STUPID](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/what-will-i-call-a-billion-people-who-believe-in-something-absurd-i-would-call-them-seriously-misled-and-perhaps-even-stupid/) - I should warn you, this is a somewhat unusual post. Yesterday, I had a debate with someone in the comments section of a 10 year old post about Reiki. First I thought it might be interesting, then I realized that it was not a debate at all but that I was entertaining a troll. I
- [A promising so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) invented by a despicable Nazi](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-promising-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-invented-by-a-despicable-nazi/) - Autogenic training (AT) is a relaxation technique that has garnered attention for its potential to reduce anxiety and improve psychological well-being. This review aimed to synthesize the findings from a diverse range of studies investigating the relationship between AT and anxiety disorder across different populations and settings. A comprehensive review of 162 studies, including randomised
- [Involving voters and consumers in decision-making about the health care system: The Swiss case](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/involving-voters-and-consumers-in-decision-making-about-the-health-care-system-the-swiss-case/) - Robert Jütte, a German medical historian, has long been a defender of homeopathy and other forms of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). His latest paper refers to the situation in Switzerland where the public was given the chance to vote for or against the reimbursement of several SCAMs, including homeopathy. I reported previously about this unusual
- [Tai Chi for essential hypertension? A systematic review and meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/tai-chi-for-essential-hypertension-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of Tai Chi on individuals with essential hypertension and to compare the effects of Tai Chi with other therapies. The researchers conducted a systematic literature search of the Medline, Scholar, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Chinese Academic Journal (CNKI) and Wanfang databases from January 2003 to August 2023.
- [Detecting bullshit](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/detecting-bullshit/) - Although bullshit is common in everyday life and has attracted attention from philosophers, its reception (critical or ingenuous) has not, to our knowledge, been subject to empirical investigation. Pseudo-profound bullshit consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous. In this study, researchers presented participants with bullshit statements
- [A systematic review of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) for 'long COVID'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-systematic-review-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-for-long-covid/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) interventions are growing in popularity and are even advocated as treatments for long COVID symptoms. However, comprehensive analysis of current evidence in this setting is still lacking. This study aims to review existing published studies on the use of SCAM interventions for patients experiencing long COVID through a systematic review of
- [An enthusiast of anthroposophical medicine joins the 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/an-enthusiast-of-anthroposophical-medicine-joins-the-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - Many of you will be familiar with the ‘ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME’. It is my creation and meant to honour reserchers who have dedicated much of their professional career to investigating a form of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) without ever publishing negative conclusions about it. Obviously, if anyone studies any therapy, he/she will occasionally
- [Placebo Responses to Different Types of Sham Acupuncture](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/placebo-responses-to-different-types-of-sham-acupuncture/) - This review evaluated the magnitude of the placebo response of sham acupuncture in trials of acupuncture for nonspecific LBP, and assessed whether different types of sham acupuncture are associated with different responses. Four databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through April 15, 2023, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included
- [BARBARA O’NEILL’S CRAZY SEMINAR  ‘THE POSITIVE LIFE EVENT’](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/barbara-oneills-crazy-seminar-the-postive-life-event/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod Readers will recall that Barbara O’Neill is an Australian health crank, completely unqualified in anything, who is subject of a Permanent Prohibition Order issued by the New South Wales Health Care Complaints Commission, (HCCC),[1] preventing her from engaging in any health-related activity, including ‘health education,’ in Australia. The NSW Public
- [Endorsement of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and vaccine hesitancy among physicians](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/endorsement-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-and-vaccine-hesitancy-among-physicians/) - Vaccine hesitancy has become a threat to public health, especially as it is a phenomenon that has also been observed among healthcare professionals. In this study, an international team of researchers analyzed the relationship between endorsement of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and vaccination attitudes and behaviors among healthcare professionals, using a cross-sectional sample of physicians
- [Individuals believing in so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and homeopathy have cognitive biases](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/individuals-believing-in-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-and-homeopathy-have-cognitive-biases/) - Many people believe in and use so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) to address health issues or prevent diseases. Empirical evidence for those treatments is either lacking or controversial due to methodological weaknesses. Thus, practitioners and patients primarily rely on subjective references rather than credible empirical evidence from systematic research. This study investigated whether cognitive and personality
- [A new systematic review of homoeopathy reported a positive result - but I can't take it seriously!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/a-new-systematic-review-of-homoeopathy-reported-a-positive-result-but-i-cant-take-it-seriously/) - Since 1997, several meta-analyses (MAs) of placebo-controlled randomised efficacy trials of homoeopathy for any indication (PRETHAIs) have been published with different methods, results and conclusions. To date, a formal assessment of these MAs has not been performed. The main objective of this systematic review of MAs of PRETHAIs was to evaluate the efficacy of homoeopathic
- [The University of Exeter will offer a degree in 'magic'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/the-university-of-exeter-will-offer-a-degree-in-magic/) - Guest post by Richard Rawlins, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon and member of the Magic Circle. Aka Professor Riccardo, Consultant Charlatan and Specialist in the Care of the Gullible. Many readers of this blog will be delighted that in September 2024, the University of Exeter will offer a degree in ‘magic’. An MA in ‘Magic and Occult
- [The merger of two UK chiropractic and osteopathic schools prompted me to ask 10 uncomfortable questions](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/the-merger-of-two-uk-chiropractic-and-osteopathic-schools-prompted-me-to-ask-10-uncomfortable-questions/) - The 'University College of Osteopathy' announced a proposal to merge with the AECC University College (AECC UC). Both institutions will seek to bring together the two specialist providers to offer a "unique inter-disciplinary environment for education, clinical practice and research in osteopathy, chiropractic, and across a wide range of allied health and related disciplines". The
- [Selling bleach as ‘miracle’ cure (MMS): Father and three sons are going to prison](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/selling-bleach-as-miracle-cure-mms-father-and-three-sons-are-going-to-prison/) - The 'Miami Herald' reported that a father and his three sons were convicted of selling a toxic bleach solution as a “miracle” cure through a fake online Florida church. ” The sentencing hearing in Miami federal court took an unusual turn when the father, Mark Grenon, told the judge that he was actually the victim.
- [Nutraceuticals for reducing body weight? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of 111 randomized clinical trials](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/nutraceuticals-for-reducing-body-weight-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis-of-111-randomized-clinical-trials/) - Yes, that would be nice! You want to lose weight? Just take a few pills an Bob's your uncle! There is, of course no shortage of such pills - but do they work? This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different nutraceuticals on weight loss. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to
- [10 monumental 'discoveries' in the history of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that never happened](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/10-monumental-discoveries-in-the-history-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-that-never-happened/) - The history of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is rich with 'discoveries' that are widely believed to be true events but that, in fact, never happened. Here are 10 examples: DD Palmer is believed to have cured the deafness of a janitor by manipulating his neck. This, many claim, was the birth of chiropractic. BUT IT
- [Belief in so-called alternative medicine is linked to magical health and other pseudoscientific assumptions](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/belief-in-so-called-alternative-medicine-is-linked-to-magical-health-and-other-pseudoscientific-assumptions/) - We have repeatedly discussed the fact that so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is related to magical health and pseudoscientific assumptions. Now new evidence has emerged on this subject. This study (Alternative Medicine, COVID-19 Conspiracies, and Other Health-Related Unfounded Beliefs: The Role of Scientific Literacy, Analytical Thinking, and Importance of Epistemic Rationality | Studia Psychologica (savba.sk)) examined
- [Auriculotherapy for controlling weight gain?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/auriculotherapy-for-controlling-weight-gain/) - This study evaluated the effect of ear acupressure (auriculotherapy) on the weight-gaining pattern of overweight women during pregnancy. It was a single-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted between January and September 2022 and took place in health centers of Qom University of Medical Sciences in Iran. One-hundred thirty overweight pregnant women were selected by a purposeful
- [Another 'influencer' decides to treat her tumor 'naturally'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/another-influencer-decides-to-treat-her-tumor-naturally/) - Anja Zeidler (born 1993) became known in 2012 as the most successful fitness personality in Switzerland. After joining the bodybuilding scene in Los Angeles, a phase of self-discovery followed. Anja published her development and became what one nowadays calls an 'INFLUENCER'. As Managing Director and Content Director of her own company, Anja Zeidler GmbH, Anja
- [Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman Receive the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/katalin-kariko-and-drew-weissman-receive-the-2023-nobel-prize-in-physiology-or-medicine/) - Scientists Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, from Hungary and the United States respectively, have received the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries enabling the development of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. "The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base
- [Indian homeopathic practitioners treat patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)](https://edzardernst.com/2023/10/indian-homeopathic-practitioners-treat-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus-dm/) - This sudy made me speachless. I best show the abstract in its full and unadulterated beauty: Background Studies have shown homoeopathy to effectively control blood sugar levels and improve quality of life (QOL), though a standard treatment protocol is required. Objective This study intended to assess the homoeopathic practice, prescription habits, experience, and perception of Indian Homeopathic Practitioners (HPs)
- [Misinformation prompts ineffective COVID treatments](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/the-potential-harms-of-misinformation-extends-to-the-use-of-ineffective-treatments/) - The COVID-19 pandemic has been notable for the widespread dissemination of misinformation regarding the virus and appropriate treatment. The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of non–evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 in the US and the association between such treatment and endorsement of misinformation as well as lack of trust in physicians and
- [Media reports on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) tend to mislead consumers](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/media-reports-on-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-tend-to-mislead-consumers/) - When the media does not adhere to reporting guidelines regarding so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), this may deceive or mislead consumers about the safety and efficacy of these practices. A team of researchers analyzed whether Serbian online media adheres to reporting guidelines and described dominant psychological appeals used to promote TM/CAM. They conducted a content analysis
- ['Blood Electrification': A little-known panacea - no, I am kidding, of course!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/blood-electrification-a-little-known-panacea-no-i-am-kidding-of-course/) - Blood electrification? If you had not heard about it, you are in good company. What is it? The Internet has many columns on it. Here is an article that I abbreviated a bit for the purpose of this blog: Dr. Robert C. Beck is the inventor of blood electrification, which can be traced back to
- [UK Cardiologist Dr. Aseem Malhotra receives a well-deserved award](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/uk-cardiologist-dr-aseem-malhotra-receives-a-well-deserved-award/) - The Skeptic reported that a cardiologist and one of the UK's most influential critics of the COVID-19 vaccine, Dr Aseem Malhotra, has been named the 2023 recipient of the “Rusty Razor” award, the prize given by The Skeptic to the year’s worst promoters of pseudoscience. Dr Malhotra has made a name for himself over the
- [Craniosacral Therapy and Acupuncture for Chronic Migraine: the sense and nonsense of case reports](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/craniosacral-therapy-and-acupuncture-for-chronic-migraine-the-sense-and-nonsense-of-case-reports/) - This case report aims to describe the effects of craniosacral therapy and acupuncture in a patient with chronic migraine. A 33-year-old man with chronic migraine was treated with 20 sessions of craniosacral therapy and acupuncture for 8 weeks. The number of migraine and headache days were monitored every month. The pain intensity of headache was
- [A nationwide rollout of integrated health?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/a-nationwide-rollout-of-integrated-health/) - The current BMJ has an article entitled UK could have averted 240 000 deaths in 2010s if it matched other European nations. Here is its staring passage: The UK has fallen far behind its international peers on a range of health outcomes and major policy reforms are required to reverse this, a report1 has concluded. Analysts from
- [Homeopathy: An Ongoing Public Health Failure](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/homeopathy-an-ongoing-public-health-failure/) - The US 'Public Citizen' is an American non-profit, progressive consumer rights advocacy group, and think tank based in Washington, D.C. They recently published an article entitled "FDA Guidance on Homeopathic Drugs: An Ongoing Public Health Failure". Here are a few excerpts: In December 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new guidance on homeopathic drug products. The guidance states that the
- [Camel urine as a treatment for cancer patients?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/camel-urine-as-a-treatment-for-cancer-patients/) - So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) is widely used in Saudi Arabia. One of the common practices is the use of camel urine alone or mixed with camel milk for the treatment of cancer, which is often supported by religious beliefs. This study observed cancer patients who insisted on using camel urine, and to offer some clinically
- ["Maximum service, comfort and security" for Charles and Camilla as they travel to France](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/maximum-service-comfort-and-security-for-charles-and-camilla-as-they-travel-to-france/) - Charles III is about to pay his first visit to France, his second visit to any state. Earlier this year, he has already visited Germany. Originally, France had been first on his list but the event was cancelled in view of the violent protests that rocked the country at the time. Now he is definitely
- [Craniosacral Therapy for Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/craniosacral-therapy-for-headache-disorders-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/) - This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of craniosacral therapy in improving pain and disability among patients with headache disorders. PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Osteopathic Medicine Digital Library databases were searched in March 2023. Two independent reviewers searched the databases and extracted data from randomized clinical trials comparing craniosacral therapy with control
- [Does mind body exercise improve cognitive function?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/does-mind-body-exercise-improve-cognitive-function/) - Exercise is often cited as a major factor contributing to improved cognitive functioning. As a result, the relationship between exercise and cognition has received much attention in scholarly literature. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses present varying and sometimes conflicting results about the extent to which exercise can influence cognition. The aim of this umbrella review was
- [UK politician dabbles in faith healing](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/uk-politician-dabbles-in-faith-healing/) - It has been reported that a UK Conservative candidate for the next general election reportedly claimed she healed a man’s hearing through the power of prayer. Kristy Adams has been chosen to represent the Conservatives in Mid Sussex at the next general UK election, which is expected to take place in May or the autumn
- [160,000 measles cases could occur in London due to low vaccination rates caused by the advice of charlatans](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/160000-measles-cases-could-occur-in-london-due-to-low-vaccination-rates-caused-by-the-advice-of-charlatans/) - It has been reported that two London councils have written to parents to warn that children who are not vaccinated against measles may need to self-isolate for 21 days if a classmate is infected with the disease. It comes after modelling by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) warned that up to 160,000 cases could occur in the capital alone
- [Death by homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/death-by-homeopathy-2/) - Homeopathic remedies are highly diluted formulations without proven clinical benefits, traditionally believed not to cause adverse events. Nonetheless, published literature reveals severe local and non–liver-related systemic side effects. Here is the first series on homeopathy-related severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI) from a single center. A retrospective review of records from January 2019 to February 2022
- [Pharmacists’ approaches to vaccination consultations: a qualitative study comparing the roles of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and biomedicine](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/pharmacists-approaches-to-vaccination-consultations-a-qualitative-study-comparing-the-roles-of-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-and-biomedicine/) - Many community pharmacies in Switzerland provide so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) approaches in addition to providing biomedical services, and a few pharmacies specialise in SCAM. A common perception is that SCAM providers are sceptical towards, or opposed to, vaccination. The key objectives of this study were to examine the potential roles of biomedically oriented and SCAM-specialised
- [Curcumin for functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double blind trial ... (with a significant flaw!)](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/curcumin-for-functional-dyspepsia-a-randomised-double-blind-trial-with-a-significant-flaw/) - This randomised, double blind controlled trial compared the efficacy of curcumin versus omeprazole in improving patient reported outcomes in people with dyspepsia. The interventions were: curcumin alone (C), omeprazole alone (O), curcumin plus omeprazole (C+O). Patients in the combination group received two capsules of 250 mg curcumin, four times daily, and one capsule of 20 mg omeprazole
- [No good evidence that spinal manipulations influence various biochemical markers](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/no-good-evidence-that-spinal-manipulations-influence-various-biochemical-markers/) - The aim of this systematic review was to update the current level of evidence for spinal manipulation in influencing various biochemical markers in healthy and/or symptomatic population. Various databases were searched (inception till May 2023) and fifteen trials (737 participants) that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Two authors independently screened, extracted
- [Homeopathic remedies are placebos, and the positive effects some patients experience are not due to the remedy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/homeopathic-remedies-are-placebos-and-the-positive-effects-some-patients-experience-are-not-due-to-the-remedy/) - The objectives of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial were to determine if there: (a) is an overall effect of homeopathic treatment (homeopathic medicines plus consultation) in the treatment of ADHD; (b) are any specific effects the homeopathic consultation alone in the treatment of ADHD; (c) are any specific effects of homeopathic medicines in the
- [Are people who oppose COVID-19 vaccinations intellectually challenged?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/are-people-who-oppose-covid-19-vaccinations-intellectually-challenged/) - Swedish researchers examined the relationship between cognitive ability and prompt COVID-19 vaccination using individual-level data on more than 700,000 individuals in Sweden. The analyses were based on individual-level data from several administrative registers in Sweden. The study population consisted of all men and women who enlisted for military service in Sweden between 1979 and 1997.
- [Pediatric care by chiropractors borders on child abuse](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/pediatric-care-by-chiropractors-borders-on-child-abuse/) - The American Chiropractic Association Council on Chiropractic Pediatrics (CCP) announced a new diplomate education program focused on pediatric care. The program will include 300 hours of education covering topics such as pediatric development from birth to age 16, adjusting techniques, working diagnosis, clinical application, integrated care and more... Development of the diplomate education program has
- [Homeopathy as an Adjuvant to Standard Care in Moderate and Severe Cases of COVID-19](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/homeopathy-as-an-adjuvant-to-standard-care-in-moderate-and-severe-cases-of-covid-19/) - This study aimed to evaluate whether individualized homeopathic medicines have a greater adjunctive effect than adjunctive placebos in the treatment of moderate and severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It was designed as a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial set in the clinical context of standard care. Patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, suffering
- [Support for the Monarchy is dwindling in Britain](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/support-for-the-monarchy-is-dwindling-in-britain/) - King Charles III is an enthusiastic, albeit uncritical proponent of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Does that boost his popularity in the general population? Or does it have the opposite effect? I am not aware of reliable data on this issue, yet I suspect it is neither here nor there. So, his waning popularity is probably
- [Chronic non-specific low back pain: comparing cognitive functional therapy and movement system impairment (MSI)-based treatment](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/chronic-non-specific-low-back-pain-comparing-cognitive-functional-therapy-and-movement-system-impairment-msi-based-treatment/) - This study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) and movement system impairment (MSI)-based treatment on pain intensity, disability, Kinesiophobia, and gait kinetics in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, the researchers randomly assigned 91 patients with CNSLBP into CFT (n = 45) and MSI-based treatment
- [An Osteopath/HEILPRAKTIKER joins the 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME'](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/an-osteopath-heilpraktiker-joins-the-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame/) - The 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME' is my creation amd is meant to honour reserchers who have dedicated much of their professional career to investigating a form of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) without ever publishing negative conclusions about it. Obviously, if anyone studies any therapy, he/she will occasionally produce a negative finding. This would be
- [Nominations are invited for the Australian 'Bent Spoon Award' honouring the "the most preposterous piece of paranormal or pseudoscientific piffle”. ](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/nominations-are-invited-for-the-australian-bent-spoon-award-honouring-the-the-most-preposterous-piece-of-paranormal-or-pseudoscientific-piffle/) - As I mentioned before: it's the season for awards and prizes: The 'Golden Plank' - Austria The 'Rusty Razor' - UK And now the 'Bent Spoon' - Australia It goes all the way back to 1982 when the Australian Skeptics instituted an award to be presented annually at the National Convention to individuals or organisations
- [The Effects of Yoga, Naturopathy, and  Conventional Medical Treatment in Managing Low Back Pain](https://edzardernst.com/2023/09/the-effects-of-yoga-naturopathy-and-conventional-medical-treatment-in-managing-low-back-pain/) - This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three distinct interventions - Yoga, Naturopathy, and Conventional medical management - in alleviating pain, reducing disability, enhancing spinal mobility, and improving the quality of life in individuals with low back pain. Ninety participants were recruited and randomly divided into three groups. The first group (group 1) received Yoga,
- [Health misinformation in the US: education plays a particularly important role](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/health-misinformation-in-the-us-education-plays-a-particularly-important-role/) - The KFF provides reliable, accurate, and non-partisan information to help inform health policy in the US. The KFF has just released its 'Health Misinformation Tracking Poll Pilot' examining the public’s media use and trust in sources of health information and measuring the reach of specific false and inaccurate claims surrounding three health-related topics: COVID-19 and
- [It's time to submit your nominations: OCKHAM AWARDS and RUSTY RAZOR](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/its-time-to-submit-your-nominations-ockham-awards-and-rusty-razor/) - The autum seems to be the season for awards. I recently mentioned the 'Gloden Plank' and now The Skeptic announced the Ockham Awards – the annual awards celebrating the very best work from within the skeptical community. The awards draw attention to people who work hard to promote skepticism. The Ockhams honour outstanding campaigns, activism, blogs,
- [Joe Dispenza: a chiropractor excells in pseudoscientific bullshit](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/joe-dispenza-a-chiropractor-excells-in-pseudoscientific-bullshit/) - Joe Dispenza is not all that well known in Europe but, in the US, he is all the rage as a health guru. Despite pretending to be a top (neuro)scientist and expert of quantum physics, Dispenza has, as far as I can see, just three Medline-listed papers to his credit. Here are their abstracts: No
- [An award for the most hair-raising pseudo-scientific nonsense of the year](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/an-award-for-the-most-hair-raising-pseudo-scientific-nonsense-of-the-year/) - The "Golden Plank in Front of the Head" is a satirical negative prize awarded since many years by the Vienna Sceptics. It is given to people and organisations who seek money, fame or influence with scientifically refuted theories, although they should have known better long ago. From miracle healers to divining rods - the world
- [The RMIT university closes chiropractic course](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-rmit-university-closes-chiropractic-course/) - For about 40 years, the RMIT University in Australia had a Bachelor of Health Science/Bachelor of Applied Science (Chiropractic), probably the first official course of its kind in Australia. "Get qualified with a chiropractic degree: a solid grounding in anatomy, physiology and pathology and practise at the RMIT Health Clinic" was how the RMIT advertised
- [Comic relief by the 'top-rated resource' for chiropractors recommending homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/comic-relief-by-the-top-rated-resource-for-chiropractors-recommending-homeopathy/) - 'Chiropractic Economics' focuses on "bridging the gap between what doctors of chiropractic learn about healthcare and what they need to know as entrepreneurs who command successful, thriving practices. We are the top-rated resource for chiropractic news, marketing, consulting, financial planning, attracting and retaining patients, and motivating and managing employees. We provide information for practicing chiropractors,
- [Neuropathic pain following spinal manipulation - are such adverse effects truly infrequent?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/neuropathic-pain-following-spinal-manipulation-are-such-adverse-effects-truly-infrequent/) - The case of a 91-year old male patient developing acute neuropathic pain along the sciatic nerve distribution following spinal manipulation has been reported. Manipulative treatment with an Activator Adjusting Instrument (AAI) had been performed. During this treatment, three applications of the AAI were administered. The applications were bilateral (1) over the sacroiliac joint, (2) gluteal
- [Misinformation on social media - SCAM proponents easily accept misbeliefs](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/misinformation-on-social-media-scam-proponents-easily-accept-misbeliefs/) - This study aimed to clarify the psychological mechanism by which individuals accept health misinformation from social media and how health misperceptions affect subsequent unhealthy behavior in the context of dewormer use. An online survey was conducted with 307 South Korean adults exposed to dewormer use information on social media. The positive association between the respondents’
- [My 'Alternative Medicine Hall of Fame' welcomes Terry Oleson](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/my-alternative-medicine-hall-of-fame-welcomes-terry-oleson/) - My 'ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE HALL OF FAME' (the group of people who have managed to publish nothing but positive findings about a dubious therapy) currently consists of 20 members (unless I have forgotten somone, which is possible, of course): Jorge Vas (acupuncture, Spain) Wane Jonas (homeopathy, US) Harald Walach (various SCAMs, Germany) Andreas Michalsen ( various SCAMs,
- [(Aku)Pressed for sex?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/akupressed-for-sex/) - Women experience more problems in their sexual functioning after childbirth. Due to the high prevalence of sexual problems during the lactation period, the World Health Organization suggests that measures are needed to improve women's sexual functioning during breastfeeding. This study investigated the effect of auricular acupressure on sexual functioning among lactating women. A randomized, sham-controlled
- [The promotion of quackery by the WHO: an odd and potentially disastrous direction to take.](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-promotion-quackery-by-the-who-an-odd-and-potentially-disastrous-direction-to-take/) - The SPECTATOR recently published an article about the World Health Organisation's (WHO) tendency to push so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Here are a few excerpts from it: World Health Organisation (WHO) is meant to implore us to ignore hearsay and folklore, and to follow the scientific evidence. So why is it now suddenly promoting the likes
- [Yet another systematic review of randomized clinical trials of "manipulative therapy" for chronic neck pain](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/yet-another-systematic-review-of-randomized-clinical-trials-of-manipulative-therapy-for-chronic-neck-pain/) - Manual therapy is considered a safe and less painful method and has been increasingly used to alleviate chronic neck pain. However, there is controversy about the effectiveness of manipulation therapy on chronic neck pain. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to determine the effectiveness of manipulative therapy for chronic
- [So-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and vaccine hesitancy among physicians: findings from Germany, Finland, Portugal, and France](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/so-called-alternative-medicine-scam-and-vaccine-hesitancy-among-physicians-findings-from-germany-finland-portugal-and-france/) - Vaccine hesitancy has become a threat to public health, especially as it is a phenomenon that has also been observed among healthcare professionals. In this study, an international team of researchers analyzed the relationship between endorsement of so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) and vaccination attitudes and behaviors among healthcare professionals, using a cross-sectional sample of physicians
- [Where skeptics often go wrong when commenting on SCAM, and what should be done about it](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/where-skeptics-often-go-wrong-when-commenting-on-scam-and-what-should-be-done-about-it/) - I like skeptics; they have taught me a lot, and I am thankful for it. At the same time, they occasionally irritate me when they comment on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM). Why? Because, when they comment on SCAM, they are not rarely wrong or at least not quite correct. I am referring to the typical
- [Cervical manipulation for neck pain: DON'T DO IT!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-effectiveness-of-neck-manipulation-for-neck-pain-is-highly-uncertain-the-risks-are-known-therefore-dont-do-it/) - This systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) estimated the benefits and harms of cervical spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for treating neck pain. The authors searched the MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, Chiropractic Literature Index bibliographic databases, and grey literature sources, up to June 6, 2022. RCTs evaluating SMT compared to guideline-recommended and
- [Sleep restriction therapy for insomnia - a new rubbish trial in THE LANCET](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/sleep-restriction-therapy-for-insomnia/) - A 'pragmatic, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial' of sleep restriction therapy versus sleep hygiene has just been published in THE LANCET. Adults with insomnia disorder were recruited from 35 general practices across England and randomly assigned (1:1) using a web-based randomisation programme to either four sessions of nurse-delivered sleep restriction therapy plus a sleep hygiene
- [The 'WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit' on so-called alternative medicine (SCAM)](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-who-traditional-medicine-global-summit-on-so-called-alternative-medicine-scam/) - I was asked by NATURE to provide a comment on the WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit: Towards health and well-being for all which is about to take place in India: The First WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit will take place on 17 and 18 August 2023 in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. It will be held alongside
- [The threat by 'Predatory Journals': hard to over-estimate!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-threat-by-predatory-journals-hard-to-over-estimate/) - This article entitled: Keeping Medical Science Trustworthy: The Threat by Predatory Journals caught my attention. Many scientific journals have started to ask article processes costs from authors. This development has created a new category of journals of which the business model is totally or predominantly based on financial contributions by its authors. Such journals have
- [Visceral osteopathy for low-back pain? No thanks!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/visceral-osteopathy-for-low-back-pain-no-thanks/) - This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of visceral osteopathy in improving pain intensity, disability and physical function in patients with low-back pain (LBP). MEDLINE (Pubmed), PEDro, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to February 2022. PICO search strategy was used to identify randomized clinical trials applying visceral techniques in patients with
- [Infertility clinics that exploit consumers by offering acupuncture](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/infertility-clinics-that-exploit-consumers-by-offering-acupuncture/) - The increasing demand for fertility treatments has led to the rise of private clinics offering so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) treatments. Even King Charles has recently joined in with this situalion. One of the most frequently offered SCAM infertility treatment is acupuncture. However, there is no good evidence to support the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating
- [The spiritual healers who sexually harass, molest, and rape female patients](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-spiritual-healers-who-sexually-harass-molest-and-rape-female-patients/) - Spiritual healing has been defined as the direct interaction between one individual (the healer) and a patient, with the intention of improving the patient’s condition or curing the illness. Treatment can occur through personal, direct contact between healer and patient or at a (sometimes large) distance. Spiritual healers, who are usually not medically qualified, believe that the
- [An osteopath and anti-vaccination activist received a well-deserved and long-overdue indefinite suspension](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/an-osteopath-and-anti-vaccination-activist-received-a-well-deserved-and-long-overdue-indefinite-suspension/) - This short news report appeared on X [formerly Twitter]: The Ohio State Medical Board just approved the indefinite suspension Dr. Sherri Tenpenny's medical license, an osteopathic physician and longtime figure in the anti-vaccine movement. The board got around 350 complaints into her behavior, but that's not why she's being suspended. As this could easily be
- [The role of right-wing political devotion in sharing misinformation](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-role-of-right-wing-political-devotion-in-sharing-misinformation/) - Online misinformation is disproportionality created and spread by people with extreme political attitudes, especially among the far-right. There is a debate in the literature about why people spread misinformation and what should be done about it. According to the purely cognitive account, people largely spread misinformation because they are lazy, not biased. According to a
- [REVISITED: Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council's review of homeopathy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/revisited-australias-national-health-and-medical-research-councils-review-of-homeopathy/) - We discussed the 2015 Australian NHMRC report on homeopathy many times before, e.g.: Homeopathy: the 2015 NHMRC report and its criticism re-analysed HOMEOPATHY: the NHMRC report revisited Ombudsman investigates ‘flawed’ homeopathic study The final verdict on homeopathy: it’s a placebo In a nutshell, the report was an hugely influential analysis of the effectiveness of homeopathy
- [Intelligence is associated with longer life expectancy](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/intelligence-is-associated-with-longer-life-expectancy/) - In an aging society, it is crucial to understand why some people live long and others do not. There has been a proliferation of studies in recent years that highlight the importance of psycho-behavioral factors in the ways of aging, one of those psychological components is intelligence. In this meta-analysis, the association between intelligence and
- [Massage for athletic performance?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/massage-for-athletic-performance/) - Massage is frequently used for recovery and increased performance. This review, aimed to search and systemize current literature findings relating to massages’ effects on sports and exercise performance concerning its effects on motor abilities and neurophysiological and psychological mechanisms. One hundred and fourteen articles were included. The data revealed that massages, in general, do not affect
- [Political party affiliation is associated with excess deaths during the COVID pandemic](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/political-party-affiliation-is-associated-with-excess-deaths-during-the-covid-pandemic/) - There is evidence that, in the US, Republican-leaning counties have had higher COVID-19 death rates than Democratic-leaning counties and similar evidence of an association between political party affiliation and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination. This investigation assessed political party affiliation and mortality rates for individuals during the initial 22 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional comparison
- [Selling bleach solution as ‘miracle’ cure? No, it's a dangerous 'snake oil'!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/selling-bleach-solution-as-miracle-cure-no-its-a-dangerous-snake-oil/) - We have discussed the Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) before. Now it has been making headlines again. It has been reported that a Miami federal jury convicted a father and his three sons of selling a toxic bleach solution as a “miracle” medical cure out of a fake Florida church’s website to thousands of consumers across the
- [The 'GLOBAL PATIENT SAFETY TASK FORCE' of the World Federation of Chiropractic](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/the-global-patient-safety-task-force-of-the-world-federation-of-chiropractic/) - The World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) has recently launched a new Global Patient Safety (GPS) initiative: Unanimously approved by the WFC Board at its May meeting, the project will be overseen by the Research Committee and involve the establishment of an expert task force. Planned projects will include a scoping review, identification of best practices
- [Shakti Mats are all the rage! But do they bring you any health benefits?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/08/shakti-mats-are-all-the-rage-but-do-they-bring-you-any-health-benefits/) - The Shakti Mat is all the rage! It is claimed to offer an "unforgettable experience that targets mind and body tension through acupressure. The nail bed is an ancient healing practice that has been used in India for over 3,000 years. 20 minutes is all it takes. Common uses are for pain and stress relief,
- [Death after kratom and a $11million pay-out](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/death-after-kratom-and-a-11million-pay-out/) - We have discussed the currently fashionable herbal remedy, 'kratom', before: Inadequate regulation of Kratom supplements put consumers at risk News about Kratom: the herb was recently (semi-)legalized in Thailand Kratom: a ‘herbal drug’ with the potental to do more harm than good A quick recap: Kratom is made of the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa, a tree
- [So, what is a demonstrably HEALTHY diet?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/so-what-is-a-demonstrably-healthy-diet/) - As we have recently discussed diet and its effects on health, it seems reasonable to ask whether there is a diet that is demonstrably healthy. A recent investigation attempted to answer this question. This study was aimed at developing a healthy diet score that is associated with health outcomes and is globally applicable. It used
- [Important Legal Case Against 'Sobrenix', A Supplement For Alleviating Alcohol Cravings](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/important-legal-case-against-sobrenix-a-supplement-for-alleviating-alcohol-cravings/) - Sobrenix (Kudzu, Milk Thistle, B Vitamins & More) is "designed to reduce alcohol cravings and help you detoxify your body so you can successfully manage alcohol consumption. Even better, taken before drinking, Sobrenix's ingredients help you stop before you've had too much. DETOXIFY YOUR BODY with a powerful formula that combines herbs and nutrients that
- [Chiropractic and Public Health](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/chiropractic-and-public-health/) - The website of the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) points out that public health is defined by the WHO as follows: “Activities to strengthen public health capacities and service aim to provide conditions under which people can maintain to be healthy, improve their health and wellbeing, or prevent the deterioration of their health. Public health focuses
- [King Charles: reflexology to help women getting pregnant?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/king-charles-reflexology-to-help-women-getting-pregnant/) - Charles has a well-documented weakness for so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) - not just any SCAM but predominantly the type of SCAM that is both implausible and ineffective. Therefore, nobody can be all that surprised to read in THE TIMES that he has decided to use SCAM for helping women who have difficulties getting pregnant. If
- [Being a 'corona activist' and 'Holocaust denier' is weird enough, but you will never guess what this man has done now!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/being-a-corona-activist-and-holocaust-denier-is-weird-enough-but-you-will-never-guess-what-this-man-has-done-now/) - As the organizer of several demos in the area of Linz, Austria, a 'corona activist' and 'Holocaust denier' had repeatedly made headlines over the past two years. Now the 39-year-old Austrian man is in the headlines yet again. It has been reported that, on the evening of July 23, he was stopped by the police
- [Ultra-processed food: a few critical thoughts](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/ultra-processed-food-a-few-critical-thoughts/) - Like ultra-processed food (UPF) itself, the subject of UPF is everywhere - radio, TV, Twitter, you name it, the topic crops up. I too could not resist writing a post on it a few months ago. And now I am publishing another one but one in a slightly more irritated mood. Why do these endless
- [Static magnetic field therapy "is recommended as an easy-to-use and drug-free method" - let me explain why I do not believe this conclusion](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/static-magnetic-field-therapy-is-recommended-as-an-easy-to-use-and-drug-free-method-let-me-explain-why-i-do-not-believe-this-conclusion/) - Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can cause annoying symptoms. To address this condition, several treatment approaches have been proposed, including static magnetic field (SMF) therapy, which has shown promise in treating neurological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of SMF therapy on symptomatic DPN
- [Never going to a chiropractor again](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/never-going-to-a-chiropractor-again/) - In a video, Mr.Darkmoore speaks from a hospital bed and says the cause behind his visit to the emergency room stemmed from a chiropractor’s work on him. Three days ago, he had a ringing in his ear due to a long-term condition he knew as tinnitus. Thus, he decided to visit a chiropractor. “I figured $100 to
- [Long awaited: EU prohibits the use of dental amalgam](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/long-awaited-eu-prohibits-the-use-of-dental-amalgam/) - We have discussed dental amalgam and its risks to human health before. Finally, there is new legislation in sight. The European Commission has revised the EU Mercury Regulation to protect EU citizens and the environment from toxic mercury. Among other things, this will completely ban the use of dental amalgam, for which 40 tons of
- [The oncoming burden of long COVID is so large as to be unfathomable](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/the-oncoming-burden-of-long-covid-is-so-large-as-to-be-unfathomable/) - I don't usually find reading medical papers scary. An article in the prestigious journal 'Nature' is the exception. Here is its abstract: Long COVID is the patient-coined term for the disease entity whereby persistent symptoms ensue in a significant proportion of those who have had COVID-19, whether asymptomatic, mild or severe. Estimated numbers vary but
- [Chiropractor accused of Medicare fraud exceeding $1 million](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/chiropractor-accused-of-medicare-fraud-exceeding-1-million/) - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services alleges that Jason James of the James Healthcare & Associates clinic in Iowa, USA — along with his wife, Deanna James, the clinic’s co-owner and office manager — filed dozens of claims with Medicare for a disposable acupuncture device, which is not covered by Medicare, as if
- [Angry thoughts about the new Alzheimer drug](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/angry-thoughts-about-the-new-alzheimer-drug/) - In the UK - this post is mainly for UK readers - journalists and opinion leaders are currently falling over themselves reporting about a major breakthrough: an Alzheimer's drug has been shown to slow the disease by around 36%. "After 20 years with no new Alzheimer's disease drugs in the UK, we now have two
- [Prison sentence for a German HEILPRAKTIKER who issued false vaccination certificates](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/prison-sentence-for-a-german-heilpraktiker-who-issued-false-vaccination-certificates/) - It been reported that the German HEILPRAKTIKER, Holger G. has been sentenced to serve a total of 4 years and three months behind bars. He made himself a pair of glasses out of aluminum foil and appeared at the start of his trial wearing a Corona protective mask. The accusations against him were fierce: He was
- [Long-COVID is having a devastating effect on healthcare professionals](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/long-covid-is-having-a-devastating-effect-on-healthcare-professionals/) - "We are hugely concerned about the welfare of doctors and healthcare workers with long COVID". These are the first words of a comprehensive survey of UK doctors with post-acute COVID health complications. It reveals that these doctors experience symptoms such as: fatigue, headaches, muscular pain, nerve damage, joint pain, respiratory problems. Around 60% of doctors said
- [The Dark Side of Chiropractic Care](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/the-dark-side-of-chiropractic-care/) - An impressive article by John Mac Ghlionn caught my attention. Allow me to quote a few passages from it: The U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate recently reintroduced legislation to increase access to Medicare-covered services provided by chiropractors. Last year, the US chiropractic market size was worth $13.13 Billion. By the end of the decade,
- [Clinical effects of Kneipp hydrotherapy: a systematic review](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/clinical-effects-of-kneipp-hydrotherapy-a-systematic-review/) - This systematic review evaluated all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the clinical effects of hydrotherapy according to Kneipp which is characterized by cold water applications. All RCTs on therapy and prevention with Kneipp hydrotherapy were included. Study participants were patients and healthy volunteers of all age groups. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Central, CAMbase, and
- [Homeopathy for Substance Use  Disorders? No, I don't think so!](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/homeopathy-for-substance-use-disorders-no-i-dont-think-so/) - This review assessed the role of homoeopathy in the therapeutic management of substance use disorders (SUD) through a systematic web-based literature search. A comprehensive search was conducted online and manually to identify homoeopathic research studies published between 1993 and 2022 on SUD in international databases and the Central Council of Research in Homoeopathy library. Relevant
- [Associations between cervical artery dissection and spinal manipulation](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/associations-between-cervical-artery-dissection-and-spinal-manipulation/) - Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), which includes both vertebral artery dissection (VAD) and carotid artery dissection (CAD), is the most serious safety concern associated with cervical spinal manipulation (CSM). This study evaluated the association between CSM and CeAD among US adults. Through analysis of health claims data, the researchers employed a case-control study with matched controls,
- [BARBARA O’NEILL – an update](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/barbara-oneill-an-update/) - Guest post by Ken McLeod Readers will have no trouble recalling that crank ‘naturopath’ Barbara O’Neill has graced these pages several times. She is subject to a Permanent Prohibition Order by the New South Wales Health Care Complaints Commission. It goes like this: “The Commission is satisfied that Mrs O’Neill poses a risk to the
- [Our struggle to publish criticism of a questionable homeopathy paper](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/our-struggle-to-publish-criticism-of-a-questionable-homeopathy-paper/) - Guest post by Norbert Aust, Udo Endruscheit, and Edzard Ernst How do we know whether a treatment is reasonable or just some so-called alternative medicine (SCAM) that is at best useless? A simple answer is that the former is evidence-based, while the latter is not. But how can we tell the difference? High-quality studies, with
- [British GP-homeopath's statements on vaccines amounted to misconduct - so, she was struck off the register](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/british-gp-homeopaths-statements-on-vaccines-amounted-to-misconduct-so-she-was-struck-off-the-register/) - It has been reported that a GP has been erased from the medical register after a disciplinary tribunal concluded yesterday that her statements on vaccines amounted to misconduct. Dr Jayne Donegan, who no longer works as an NHS GP, was found by the tribunal to have ‘encouraged parents to mislead healthcare professionals about their children’s
- [Celebrating the 75th birthday of the NHS ... with a heavy heart](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/celebrating-the-75th-birthday-of-the-nhs-with-a-heavy-heart/) - Yesterday, the NHS turned 75, and virtually all the newspapers have joined in the chorus singing its praise. RIGHTLY SO! The idea of nationalized healthcare free for all at the point of delivery is undoubtedly a good one. I'd even say that, for a civilized country, it is an essential concept. The notion that an
- [The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non-specific low back pain](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/the-mckenzie-method-for-subacute-non-specific-low-back-pain/) - There is widespread agreement amongst clinicians that people with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) comprise a heterogeneous group and that their management should be individually tailored. One treatment known by its tailored design is the McKenzie method (e.g. an individualized program of exercises based on clinical clues observed during assessment) used mostly but not exclusively
- [Mindfulness-based mind-body therapy for low back pain: Is this the craziest meta-analysis ever?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/mindfulness-based-mind-body-therapy-for-low-back-pain-is-this-the-craziest-meta-analysis-ever/) - I have seen some daft meta-analyses in my time - this one, however, takes the biscuit. Here is its unaltered abstract: Although mindfulness-based mind-body therapy (MBMBT) is an effective non-surgical treatment for patients with non-specific low back pain (NLBP), the best MBMBT mode of treatment for NLBP patients has not been identified. Therefore, a network
- ["A Nutrient Mix Designed is Effective Against Different Types of Coronavirus" TRUE OR FALSE?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/a-nutrient-mix-designed-is-effective-against-different-types-of-coronavirus-true-or-false/) - "A Nutrient Mix Designed at the Dr. Rath Research Institute is Effective Against Different Types of Coronavirus." With these words (and the picture below), the 'Dr. Rath Research Institute' recently announced its sensational finding on Twitter. Clicking on the link they provided, got me to the following article: In this new study we wanted to
- [Another death caused by a 'Heilpraktiker', non-medically trained alternative practitioner?](https://edzardernst.com/2023/07/another-death-caused-by-a-heilpraktiker-non-medically-trained-alternative-practitioner/) - A German paper reported the following horrific story about a Heilpraktiker, an alternative practitioner without a medical degree: Starting July 7, Torben K. (46) from Solingen will have to answer to the Wuppertal Regional Court. The Heilpraktiker is said to have injected silicone oil into the penis and testicles of a man († 32) at

## Pages

- [About](https://edzardernst.com/about/) - Edzard Ernst was born in 1948. He went to school in Germany and the US and studied psychology and medicine at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. In 1977, he qualified as a physician in Munich where he also completed his MD and PhD theses. He was Professor in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) at
- [Rules](https://edzardernst.com/rules/) - I do like clearly and concisely expressed views and am often as outspoken as politeness allows (apologies, if I sometimes seem to be less than polite). I hope that commentators will do the same, no matter whether they agree or disagree with me. However, hope that we all try our best to observe a minimum
- [Guest bloggers](https://edzardernst.com/about/guest-bloggers/) - Louise Lubetkin Louise Lubetkin is a medical writer and author with a particular interest in oncology. She is a keen observer and critic of the alternative medicine industry. Her work has appeared in publications on both sides of the Atlantic, and her memoir, In This Dark House, won the National Jewish Book Award (US) and the
- [Lectures & Talks](https://edzardernst.com/lectures-talks/) - Details of the lectures that I plan to give in the near future 31 October 2024, University of Vienna. Title: ALTERNATIVMEDIZIN: EMINENZ CONTRA EVIDENZ 12 December 2024, University of Vienna. Public Discussion about Alternative Medicine If you require details (or hope to invite me for a talk), please contact me. I will carefully
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- [A new study of homeopathy suggests that highly diluted remedies are better than placebos (and I cannot fault it)](https://edzardernst.com/a-new-study-of-homeopathy-suggests-that-highly-diluted-remedies-are-better-than-placebos-and-i-cannot-fault-it/)
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- [AI](https://edzardernst.com/category/ai/)
- [autism](https://edzardernst.com/category/autism/)
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## Tags

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