gikids.org

# GiKids: Help \& Hope for Children with Digestive Disorders

> Providing children and families with resources and easy\-to\-understand information on the diagnosis and management of pediatric digestive disorders\.

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## Pages
- [About Us](https://gikids.org/about/)
- [Contact Us](https://gikids.org/contact/)
- [Privacy Policy](https://gikids.org/privacy-policy/)
- [Abdominal Ultrasound](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/abdominal-ultrasound/)
- [Alpha\-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency/)
- [Anorectal Manometry](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/anorectal-manometry/): Anorectal manometry \(often called “ARM”\) is a test to gather information about your child’s condition\. It is not a treatment or intervention\. This test studies the nerves and muscles of the anus and rectum by measuring pressure and sensation\. This is done with a small tube \(catheter\) and balloon attached to a computer that records the information\.
- [Cow's Milk Protein Allergy](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/cows-milk-protein-allergy/)
- [Celiac Disease](https://gikids.org/celiac-disease/)
- [Eosinophilic Esophagitis](https://gikids.org/eosinophilic-esophagitis/): Sharing many symptoms with the more commonly known GERD, Eosinophilic esophagitis \(EoE\) has only recently been identified as a disease\. Fortunately, many new options are emerging to treat and manage EoE\.
- [GERD \& Reflux](https://gikids.org/gerd/): Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus \(the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach\)\.
- [Acute Gastroenteritis](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/acute-gastroenteritis/): Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a major cause of largely preventable child morbidity and mortality worldwide\.
- [Biliary Atresia](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/biliary-atresia/)
- [Breastfeeding](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/breastfeeding/)
- [Autoimmune Hepatitis in Children](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/autoimmune-hepatitis-in-children/)
- [Celiac Disease Resources](https://gikids.org/celiac-disease/resources/): Celiac disease is a chronic condition affecting the small intestine, and is a permanent sensitivity to gluten – a protein found in wheat, rye and barley\. To learn more about how celiac disease is diagnosed and treated in children, download the GIKids Fact Sheet on Celiac Disease\.
- [Inflammatory Bowel Disease \(IBD\)](https://gikids.org/inflammatory-bowel-disease/): Inflammatory Bowel Disease \(IBD\) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines that does not have an identifiable cause \(such as infection\)\. Pediatric IBD causes the immune system to become inappropriately active, causing injury to the intestines\.
- [GERD \& Reflux](https://gikids.org/gerd/): Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus \(the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach\)\.
- [GERD \& Reflux](https://gikids.org/gerd/): Reflux occurs during or after a meal when the stomach contents go back up into the esophagus \(the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach\)\.
- [Nutrition \& Constipation](https://gikids.org/constipation/nutrition/): How Nutrition, Fiber and Fluids Affect Constipation in Infants and Children\.  If your newborn is experiencing constipation in their first 12 months, it’s important that you follow a diet plan that can help to relieve some of your child’s symptoms\. Good foods to give your child, and which foods you should avoid feeding your child, differ dependent on age\.
- [High\-Calorie Nutrition](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/high-calorie-nutrition/): At any age, your child may need some help gaining weight\. This can be done by adding calories to your child’s diet\. A nutrition plan is typically developed with a healthcare team based on your child’s specific needs\.
- [General Nutrition and Autism](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/general-nutrition-and-autism/)
- [Nutrition \& Obesity](https://gikids.org/nutrition/): Proper nutrition is particularly important for children since they are developing life\-long patterns and habits that will be very difficult to break later\.
- [Parenteral Nutrition](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/parenteral-nutrition/): Total parenteral nutrition is an intravenous liquid mixture that provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract\. 
- [Acute Gastroenteritis](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/acute-gastroenteritis/): Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a major cause of largely preventable child morbidity and mortality worldwide\.
- [Blenderized Tube Feeding](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/blenderized-tube-feeding/): Blenderized tube feeding \(BTF\), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube\.
- [Blenderized Tube Feeding](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/blenderized-tube-feeding/): Blenderized tube feeding \(BTF\), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube\.
- [Blenderized Tube Feeding](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/blenderized-tube-feeding/): Blenderized tube feeding \(BTF\), is whole or pureed foods that are blended and delivered through a feeding tube\.
- [Bowel Management Record](https://gikids.org/constipation/bowel-management-record/)
- [Chronic Diarrhea](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/chronic-diarrhea/): Diarrhea is any increase in stooling frequency and/or water content \(consistency\) that differs from  a child’s baseline\. 
- [Chronic Pancreatitis](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/chronic-pancreatitis/): Chronic Pancreatitis occurs when there are changes, such as scarring, in the pancreas\. It often results from repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis, which leads to damage and scarring to the organ\.
- [Clinical Hypnosis](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/clinical-hypnosis/): Clinical hypnosis is a research\-proven medical treatment used for many years\. It relies on a deeply focused mental state, which helps open people’s minds to helpful ideas and suggestions\.
- [Clostridioides difficile Infection](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/clostridioides-difficile-infection/)
- [capsule endoscopy](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/endoscopy-capsule/): A Capsule endoscopy is a simple test which your doctor will consider doing to look for bleeding or other conditions occurring in a part of the small intestine that cannot be investigated with a standard endoscope\. Learn more about capsule endoscopy in children by downloading these educational materials\.
- [Colic](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/colic/)
- [Colonoscopy](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/colonoscopy/): A Colonoscopy is a test in which a doctor looks directly into the last part if the intestines with a narrow bendable tube mounted with a camera to find out why children have diarrhea, bleeding and stomach pain\. Download the GIKids Colonoscopy Fact Sheet to why your child may need a colonoscopy, how to prepare for a colonoscopy and what to expect after a colonoscopy\.
- [Colonoscopy: A Guide for Parents, Children and Teens](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/colonoscopy-for-kids/): A Colonoscopy is a test in which a doctor looks directly into the last part if the intestines with a narrow bendable tube mounted with a camera to find out why kids have diarrhea, bleeding and stomach pain
- [Complete Constipation Care Package](https://gikids.org/constipation/complete-constipation-care-package/)
- [Constipation](https://gikids.org/constipation/): Constipation is defined as either a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the painful passage of bowel movements\. Children 1 to 4 years of age typically have a bowel movement once or twice a day, and over 90% go at least every other day\. 
- [Coping with Eosinophilic Esophagitis](https://gikids.org/eosinophilic-esophagitis/coping/): Managing EoE, including taking medications and following a restricted diet, can be difficult for anyone, especially a child\.
- [Symptoms \& Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis](https://gikids.org/eosinophilic-esophagitis/symptoms/): Does My Child Have Eosinophilic Esophagitis? Eosinophilic Esophagitis has only recently been identified as a disease, and many of its symptoms—particularly in children—mimic the symptoms of GERD\.
- [Treatment \& Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis](https://gikids.org/eosinophilic-esophagitis/treatment/): The most effective treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis involves changes to the child’s diet and nutrition\. If your child is diagnosed with EoE, the doctor or medical team will work to identify which foods are causing the condition so that your child can avoid them\.
- [Coping with GERD \& Reflux in Infants](https://gikids.org/gerd/coping-infants/): Coping with Your Baby’s Reflux or GERD\. New parenthood is always a stressful time, but if you have a baby with severe acid reflux and/or GERD, you may find yourself under extreme strain\. Dealing with a fussy baby, or an infant who seems to be crying inconsolably can make even the most loving parent very frustrated\.
- [Coping with Reflux \& GERD in Teens](https://gikids.org/gerd/coping-teens/): It’s never easy to learn that you have an illness\. Once you find out that you have acid reflux disease or GERD, you might feel afraid, sad, nervous, or just “different\.” These feelings are completely normal\. But let your doctor or parents know if you begin to experience any of these things:
- [GERD \& Reflux in Infants](https://gikids.org/gerd/gerd-infants/): If your baby is growing properly and has a generally good disposition, then infant acid reflux is not a problem\.

If, however, you have a fussy baby who is showing symptoms of pediatric GERD, such as poor feeding, vomiting, irritability, and breathing problems, consult your pediatrician as soon as possible\. In many instances, simple lifestyle changes can alleviate GERD and turn a fussy baby into a very content child\. Medication may also be an option in certain cases\.

The important thing to realize is that with treatment, severe reflux and GERD can improve\. A pediatrician or a pediatric gastroenterologist can help your child, and can offer you strategies for coping with GERD\. Once your baby’s GERD is under control, he or she should enjoy a happy, healthy childhood\.

Quick Facts about Reflux and GERD in Infants
The majority of infants do not experience problems from reflux
More than 50% of babies spit up regularly in the first months of life
Reflux usually peaks at 4 months and stops by 12 – 18 months
Spitting up crosses the line into GERD when the infant begins to show symptoms including refusal to feed, poor weight gain, breathing problems and others\.
Learn more about the symptoms and diagnosis of reflux and GERD in infants\.


- [GERD \& Reflux in Teens](https://gikids.org/gerd/gerd-teens/): If you’re a kid or teen who just found out that you have GERD, you might wondering about what changes you’ll need to make in your life\. There are a lot of new rules about what you’re not supposed to eat, and maybe you need to take medication\. Maybe you just feel different\.
- [Treatment \& Management \- GERD \& Reflux in Infants](https://gikids.org/gerd/treatment-infants/): Treatment and Management of Reflux \& GERD in Infants\. Lifestyle adjustments can be extremely effective in reducing acid reflux and treating GERD in babies\. 
- [Treatment \& Management \- GERD \& Reflux in Teens](https://gikids.org/gerd/treatment-teens/): If you are one of the millions of kids with GERD, you’ll be glad to know that there are many effective ways to treat and manage your condition\. In fact, lots of kids with GERD find that they don’t need to rely on medication once they make certain changes to their diet and lifestyle\.
- [IBD Resources](https://gikids.org/inflammatory-bowel-disease/ibd-resources/): Irritable Bowel Disease \(IBD\) information and resources
- [Transitioning with IBD](https://gikids.org/inflammatory-bowel-disease/transitioning-with-ibd/): As a teenager, you will be expected to begin taking more and more responsibility for your own care and gradually moving from dependence on your parents and caregivers to independently managing your disease\.
- [Ulcerative Colitis](https://gikids.org/ulcerative-colitis/)
- [Crohn's Disease](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/crohns-disease/)
- [Infant Formula Substitution Guide](https://gikids.org/nutrition/infant-formula-substitution-guide/)
- [Failure to Thrive](https://gikids.org/nutrition/failure-to-thrive/): Failure to Thrive is a term used to describe children who don’t meet expected growth targets\. Often, children are not receiving enough calories or are able to process the calories they are receiving properly\.
- [Food As Medicine](https://gikids.org/food-as-medicine/)
- [Metabolic Dysfunction\-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease \(MASLD\)](https://gikids.org/nutrition/metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease/): Metabolic dysfunction\-associated steatotic liver disease \(MASLD\) or simply “steatotic liver disease” is a problem caused when too much fat stays in the liver\.
- [Liver Transplantation](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/liver-transplantation/): Liver transplantation is an operation that is done when a person’s liver is no longer functioning to the point where it is life threatening\. 
- [Fundoplication](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/fundoplication/): Fundoplication is a type of surgery to stop stomach contents from moving up into the food pipe \(esophagus\) by reinforcing the “valve” between the lower esophagus and stomach\.
- [Endoscopy \(Upper\)](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/endoscopy-upper/): Upper Endoscopy is when the doctor uses a flexible tube with a camera and light to look at the throat, stomach and upper intestine to see what is causing stomach pain, diarrhea or other problems\. To learn more about the use of upper endoscopy in children, download the GIKids Fact sheet on Upper Endoscopy\.
- [Transnasal Endoscopy](https://gikids.org/tests-procedures/transnasal-endoscopy/): Transnasal endoscopy \(TNE\) allows doctors to look at the upper digestive tract without needing deep sedation or general anesthesia\.
- [Triple Endoscopy](https://gikids.org/digestive-topics/triple-endoscopy/): A triple endoscopy allows doctors to look at the throat, voice box, airways, and upper gastrointestinal tract at the same time\.

## Posts
- [World EOE Day Resource Guide](https://gikids.org/world-eoe-day-resources/): In recognition of World EoE Day, GI Kids has gathered a collection of resources to help families, patients and caregivers better understand eosinophilic esophagitis, or EoE\.
- [We support AAP’s immunization schedule](https://gikids.org/featured/9375/)

## Downloads
- [The Specific Carbohydrate Diet](https://gikids.org/resource/the-specific-carbohydrate-diet/)
- [Plowing Through the Paperwork: A Guide for Families and Patients with IBD](https://gikids.org/resource/plowing-through-the-paperwork-a-guide-for-families-and-patients-with-ibd/)
- [Coping with IBD](https://gikids.org/resource/coping-with-ibd/)
- [Enteral Nutrition Therapy](https://gikids.org/resource/enteral-nutrition-therapy/)
- [Patient Podcast: Navigating Independence](https://gikids.org/resource/patient-podcast-navigating-independence/)

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