ohe.org

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# OHE

At the forefront of health economics

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://www.ohe.org/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [The disputed calculus of life](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-disputed-calculus-of-life/)
- [OHE Deputy CEO Lotte Steuten appointed president-elect of ISPOR](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-deputy-ceo-lotte-steuten-appointed-president-elect-of-ispor/) - OHE's Deputy CEO Lotte Steuten appointed ISPOR President-Elect for 2026–2027, bringing her expertise in health economics, HTA, and outcomes research to the role.
- [OHE partners with LSHTM and CMCC to bridge environmental and health economics approaches to the climate health crisis](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-partners-with-lshtm-and-cmcc-to-bridge-environmental-and-health-economics-approaches-to-the-climate-health-crisis/) - OHE joins LSHTM and CMCC in a Wellcome Trust-funded consortium to advance economic evaluation of climate change health impacts and HTA environmental assessments.
- [Professors Andrew Briggs and Thomas Pogge announced as the winners of the 2024 OHE Innovation Policy Prize](https://www.ohe.org/news/professors-andrew-briggs-and-thomas-pogge-announced-as-the-winners-of-the-2024-ohe-innovation-policy-prize/) - Professors Andrew Briggs and Thomas Pogge jointly win OHE's £40,000 Innovation Policy Prize for their work on climate change and life sciences innovation policy.
- [Office of Health Economics latest research estimates 20 people a day die in unrelieved pain in the UK in the last 3 months of their lives](https://www.ohe.org/news/office-of-health-economics-latest-research-estimates-20-people-a-day-die-in-unrelieved-pain-in-the-uk-in-the-last-3-months-of-their-lives/) - OHE research finds 20 people a day die in unrelieved pain across the UK, even at the highest palliative care standards — with numbers projected to rise.
- [Adult vaccination programmes deliver socio-economic benefits up to 19 times initial investment, according to new report](https://www.ohe.org/news/adult-vaccination-delivers-19-times-investment/) - New OHE/IFPMA study finds adult vaccination programmes return up to 19x their investment, delivering billions in health and economic benefits across 10 countries.
- [The EU Joint Clinical Assessment: To boldly go where no policy has gone before?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-eu-joint-clinical-assessment-to-boldly-go-where-no-policy-has-gone-before/)
- [Around The World in HTAs: Egypt - The Road Ahead](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-egypt-the-road-ahead/) - Egypt's emerging HTA system: UPA, universal health coverage & evidence-based reforms. Explore the challenges & future of health policy in MENA.
- [One Europe, one assessment? Unpacking the European Joint Clinical Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/insights/one-europe-one-assessment-unpacking-the-european-joint-clinical-assessment/) - EU Joint Clinical Assessment (JCA) and EU HTA Regulation are changing how health technology assessment works in Europe, including national implementation and key methodological challenges.
- [The frameworks shaping health policy, and their blind spots](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-frameworks-shaping-health-policy-and-their-blind-spots/)
- [The science exists – but lagging policies hinder patient access ](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-science-exists-but-lagging-policies-hinder-patient-access/)
- [OHE’s submission to Belgium’s Committee on Health and Equal Opportunities argues value-based pricing delivers a ‘triple-win’](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-submission-to-belgiums-committee-on-health-and-equal-opportunities-argues-value-based-pricing-delivers-a-triple-win/) - OHE submission to Belgium’s Health Committee on Health and Equal Opportunities argues value-based pricing delivers a triple win for patients, systems and pharma innovation.
- [OHE to host the Health Economists’ Study Group Summer 2025](https://www.ohe.org/news/copy/) - OHE hosts Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) Summer Meeting 2025 in Brighton, 30 June–2 July, bringing health economists together for research, policy and discussion.
- [OHE responds to the King's Speech and the proposed NHS Modernisation Bill](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-responds-to-the-kings-speech-and-the-proposed-nhs-modernisation-bill/) - Commentary on the King's Speech and NHS Modernisation Bill, highlighting reform, funding gaps, and the role of private finance in the NHS.
- [Two numbers, one decision: making climate-health valuation usable across sectors](https://www.ohe.org/insights/two-numbers-one-decision-making-climate-health-valuation-usable-across-sectors/) - At the 79th WHA Health Diplomacy House panel in Geneva, we examine climate-health valuation using SCC and VSL and its impact on policy decisions
- [Valuing patient and carer time in HTA: equity and opportunity cost ](https://www.ohe.org/insights/valuing-patient-and-carer-time-in-hta-equity-and-opportunity-cost/) - Debate on health technology assessment (HTA) equity and valuing patient and carer time in HTA, arguing broader value improves fairness and efficiency in HTA.
- [Is the revised Congressional Budget Office model of new drug development fit for purpose?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/is-the-revised-congressional-budget-office-model-of-new-drug-development-fit-for-purpose/) - US drug pricing policy and Congressional Budget Office (CBO) model of the Build Back Better Act examining pharmaceutical R&D incentives, drug development, innovation impacts, revenues and policymaker uncertainty
- [OHE Critique of CBO’S Pharmaceutical Investment Model Provides Warning for Policymakers on Reliability of Estimates](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohe-critique-cbos-pharmaceutical-investment-model-provides-warning-policymakers-reliability/) - CBO drug pricing simulation model & Build Back Better Act analysis: impacts on pharma innovation, R&D spending, drug prices & policy uncertainty
- [Estimating the Impact of U.S. Drug Price-setting Policies on Innovation Is Challenging, Even for the Congressional Budget Office](https://www.ohe.org/insights/estimating-impact-us-drug-price-setting-policies-innovation-challenging-even-congressional/) - CBO drug pricing simulation model and Build Back Better Act: impacts on pharmaceutical innovation, R&D spending, drug prices, and policy uncertainty.
- [The CBO Doesn't Understand Investors](https://www.ohe.org/insights/cbo-doesnt-understand-investors/) - Our second blog in the OHE H.R. 3 Series discusses how the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)’s analysis of H.R.3 does not reflect the reality of biopharmaceutical investing. Our second blog in the OHE H.R. 3 Series discusses how the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)’s analysis of H.R. 3 does not reflect the reality of biopharmaceutical investing.
- [Does the New CBO Report Change Anything?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/does-new-cbo-report-change-anything/) - Since we began our project to consult experts on the impact of H.R. 3. on pharmaceutical innovation the CBO has released a new working paper. Given our research has led us to conclude that the CBO’s initial policy evaluation was an unreliable predictor of the impact of H.R. 3 on innovation and shouldn’t be used
- [Due to the Unprecedented Nature of H.R. 3, the CBO Analysis is Unreliable and Can't Inform Policymaking](https://www.ohe.org/insights/due-unprecedented-nature-hr-3-cbo-analysis-unreliable-and-cant-inform-policymaking/) - As we have discussed in the previous blogs in our Series on H.R. 3, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) have attempted to estimate the potential effect of H.R. 3 on pharmaceutical research and development and biopharmaceutical innovation. In this blog we discuss is detail why the assumptions in the CBO’s model are too uncertain to
- [H.R. 3 is the Wrong Policy for the Wrong Problem](https://www.ohe.org/insights/hr-3-wrong-policy-wrong-problem/) - US policy makers are discussing an attempt to lower prescription drug spending in the US. US policy makers are currently discussing the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act (commonly referred to as H.R. 3), an attempt by the Biden administration to lower prescription drug spending in the US. Over the last several weeks,
- [CBO Doesn’t Capture The Real Impact of H.R. 3 on Innovation ](https://www.ohe.org/insights/cbo-doesnt-capture-real-impact-hr-3-innovation/) - In our previous blog we discussed how analyses of the impact of H.R. 3 published by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) do not reflect the process of investing. Here, the third blog in our Series, we discuss another problem with their analysis: how they measure the output of innovation. In our previous blog we discussed how analyses of
- [Around the World in HTAs: Canada – Autonomous yet Collaborative](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-canada-provincially-driven-collaboratively-connected/) - Canada's HTA system: CDA-AMC, pCPA & the road to national Pharmacare. Explore drug reimbursement, provincial reforms & health technology assessment.
- [Around the World in HTAs: United States – Making HTA Great Again](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-united-states-making-hta-great-again/) - US HTA system: ICER, AHRQ & the battle for evidence-based healthcare. Explore drug pricing, QALY debates & the future of health technology assessment.
- [Around The World in HTAs: The Netherlands - 5 Routes for New Tech](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-netherlands/) - The Netherlands' HTA system: ZIN, BeNeLuxA & five reimbursement roadmaps explained. Explore how the Dutch balance innovation & universal coverage.
- [Around the world in HTAs: Argentina - Long Road to Institutionalizing HTA](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-argentina-long-road-to-institutionalizing-hta/) - Argentina's HTA system: ANEFiTS, CONETEC & the push for evidence-based health policy. Explore the challenges of HTA reform in Latin America.
- [Around the World in HTAs: Kenya – Riding the Waves of Change](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-kenya-riding-the-waves-of-change/) - Kenya's HTA system: SHA, universal health coverage & evidence-based reforms. Explore the challenges & road to HTA institutionalisation in Africa.
- [Around The World in HTAs: Thailand – An Ever-Evolving Policy Tool](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-thailand/) - Thailand's HITAP & universal health coverage: a global HTA model. Explore cost-effectiveness, equity & green HTA shaping reimbursement decisions.
- [Around The World in HTAs: Greece - Late but with an Optimistic Future](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-word-in-htas-greece/) - Greece's HTA system: EOPYY, medicine reimbursement & the push for an independent HTA body. Explore the evolution of health technology assessment.
- [Around The World in HTAs: The Slovak Republic - Valuing the Future](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-the-slovak-republic-valuing-the-future/) - Slovak Republic's HTA system: NIHO, reimbursement decisions & discount rate reforms. Explore the challenges shaping health technology assessment.
- [Around The World in HTAs: India - Let All Be Healthy](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-india/) - India's HTAIn: driving evidence-based healthcare & universal health coverage. Discover HTA reforms, AB-PMJAY & the future of health policy.
- [Around The World in HTAs: Italy - What's Next?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-italy/) - Italy's HTA system: how AIFA, regions & multi-criteria assessments shape medicine access & reimbursement. Explore the road to HTA reform.
- [Around The World in HTAs: Spain - Are We There Yet?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-spain-are-we-there-yet/) - Spain's HTA system: how IPTs, RedETS & AEMPS shape medicine access & reimbursement decisions. Explore the path to a stronger HTA framework.
- [Around The World in HTAs: Türkiye - The bumpy road toward transformation](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-turkiye/) - Türkiye's HTA system: challenges, reforms & the road to evidence-based healthcare decisions. Explore universal health coverage & HTA progress.
- [Around the world in HTAs: China - From fragmentation to function](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-china-from-fragmentation-to-function/) - In this Insights series, Around the World in HTAs, we shed light on HTA around the world. In this edition Yawen Jiang, Meng Li and Claud Theakston take us to China.
- [Around the World in HTAs: Saudi Arabia - Navigating the healthcare and HTA landscape](https://www.ohe.org/insights/saudi-arabia-navigating-the-healthcare-and-hta-landscape/) - Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is transforming healthcare with new HTA, pricing and reimbursement reforms driving value-based access to health technologies.
- [Around the World in HTA: Japan - An algorithmic approach to containing costs](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-hta-japan-an-algorithmic-approach-to-containing-costs/) - Japan healthcare system: how health technology assessment (HTA), algorithmic drug pricing, and cost-effectiveness analysis manage rising costs while maintaining access and innovation.
- [Around The World in HTAs: France - Three Core HTA Values](https://www.ohe.org/insights/around-the-world-in-htas-france-three-core-hta-values/) - HTA in France: how HAS assesses medicines and devices, applies SMR/ASMR, expands economic evaluation, and balances innovation, access and affordability.
- [Health economics and HTA: milestones and new directions](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/health-economics-and-hta-milestones-and-new-directions/)
- [Heatwaves and healthcare: Climate pressures on NHS resilience ](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/heatwaves-and-healthcare-climate-pressures-on-nhs-resilience/)
- [The cost of inaction: Why prevention can’t wait ](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-cost-of-inaction-why-prevention-cant-wait/)
- [A decade to deliver: strengthening the patient voice in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/a-decade-to-deliver-strengthening-the-patient-voice-in-the-nhs/)
- [US drug pricing policies will have global impacts on innovation and access](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/us-drug-pricing-policies-will-have-global-impacts-on-innovation-and-access/)
- [Investing in diagnostics is key to unlocking broader health-system benefits](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/investing-in-diagnostics-is-key-to-unlocking-broader-health-system-benefits/)
- [Data gaps in prevention are worrying – and dangerous](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/data-gaps-in-prevention-are-worrying-and-dangerous/)
- [HTA decision making is rarely black and white](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/hta-decision-making-is-rarely-black-and-white/)
- [Improving healthcare resource allocation through better evidence and measurement](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/improving-healthcare-resource-allocation-through-better-evidence-and-measurement/)
- [HTA and Value-Based Pricing: What Does “Value” Mean?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/hta-and-value-based-pricing-what-does-value-mean/)
- [Addressing health inequality in HTAs](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/addressing-health-inequality-in-htas/)
- [Turning differences into progress](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/turning-differences-into-progress/)
- [We still care about rare](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/we-still-care-about-rare/)
- [Sustainability cannot be a footnote](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/sustainability-cannot-be-a-footnote/)
- [2025: all change, please](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/investing-in-health-for-the-future-january-2025/)
- [Significant recent achievements in '24](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/december-2024/)
- [Human cost of outdated payment models](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/november-2024-part-2/)
- [Adapting HTA systems for future needs](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/november-2024-part-1/)
- [Who gets what? Health economics in action](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/october-2024-part-2/)
- [Advance towards better, fairer, healthier societies](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/october-2024-first-edition/)
- [Building resilience for critical challenges](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/september-2024-part-2/)
- [Drug shortages are worrying and widespread](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/september-2024-part-1/)
- [Health economics in the spotlight](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/august-2024-part-2/)
- [Driving healthcare change](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/august-2024-part-1/)
- [Transforming dementia care](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/july-2024-part-1-copy/)
- [Overcoming combination therapy challenges](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/july-2024-part-1/)
- [Special Edition: The Change Initiative](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/june-2024/)
- [Special Edition: OHE Education Hub and Academy](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/may-2024/)
- [Is it NICE to be 25?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/april-2024/)
- [Why do we care about rare?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/february-2024/)
- [Prevention in women's health at Parliament](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/january-2024/)
- [A new value set for a new era](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/a-new-value-set-for-a-new-era/)
- [From £44bn losses to HTA reform](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/from-44bn-losses-to-hta-reform/)
- [Advancing research and policy in dementia care](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/advancing-research-and-policy-in-dementia-care/)
- [Will Europe dance to the tune the US is playing?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/will-europe-dance-to-the-tune-the-us-is-playing/)
- [Cost-effectiveness thresholds: Changes, challenges and consequences ](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/cost-effectiveness-thresholds-changes-challenges-and-consequences/)
- [From frameworks to foresight: the economics of healthcare innovation](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/from-frameworks-to-foresight-the-economics-of-healthcare-innovation/)
- [Investment flows to where returns are highest](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/investment-flows-to-where-returns-are-highest/)
- [Caring at Christmas: Insights on carer burden](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/caring-at-christmas-insights-on-carer-burden/)
- [2025 in review: lessons, achievements, and next steps](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/2025-in-review-lessons-achievements-and-next-steps/)
- [The world is changing – can health systems keep up?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/the-world-is-changing-can-health-systems-keep-up/)
- [Improvements in cancer outcomes rely on evidence](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/improvements-in-cancer-outcomes-rely-on-evidence/)
- [Power, Policy and Patients](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/power-policy-and-patients/)
- [Two perspectives on perspective](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/two-perspectives-on-perspective/)
- [MFN, Its Global Ripple Effects, and the Role of HTA in the US](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/mfn-its-global-ripple-effects-and-the-role-of-hta-in-the-us/)
- [Seven reflections on the UK EQ-5D-5L value set – and what comes next](https://www.ohe.org/insights/seven-reflections-on-the-uk-eq-5d-5l-value-set-and-what-comes-next/) - Seven reflections on the UK EQ-5D-5L value set, its impact on HTA, HRQoL valuation, NICE adoption, and what it means for future health policy decisions.
- [OHE responds to the Trump administration’s Executive Order on Drug Prices](https://www.ohe.org/news/statement-eo-drug-prices/) - OHE responds to Trump's Executive Order on drug prices: reference pricing, global burden-sharing & impact on pharmaceutical innovation explored.
- [OHE statement on 2025 Spending Review](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-statement-spending-review/) - OHE responds to the 2025 Spending Review: £29bn NHS funding welcomed, but prevention & productivity key to long-term sustainability.
- [OHE responds to the NHS Ten Year Plan](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-responds-to-the-nhs-ten-year-plan/) - OHE responds to the NHS Ten Year Plan: prevention, genomics & innovative funding are key to securing the NHS' long-term sustainability.
- [OHE responds to the 2025 UK Budget](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-responds-to-the-2025-uk-budget/) - OHE comments on the 2025 UK Budget, calling for sustained NHS investment and stronger funding for prevention through sugar tax revenues.
- [New evaluation model finds widespread adoption of cell and gene therapies may unlock billions for the UK economy](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-evaluation-model-finds-widespread-adoption-of-cell-and-gene-therapies-may-unlock-billions-for-the-uk-economy/) - Cell and gene therapies could unlock billions for the UK economy. New CGT Catapult & OHE report reveals NHS savings & economic growth.
- [Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) costs the world $680 billion a year in healthcare – roughly the size of Sweden’s entire economy, new research finds ](https://www.ohe.org/news/atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-disease-ascvd-costs-the-world-680-billion-a-year-in-healthcare-roughly-the-size-of-swedens-entire-economy-new-research-finds/) - ASCVD costs reach $1.4tn globally, driven by healthcare and productivity losses, with major savings possible through better cholesterol prevention and management
- [New OHE model estimates COVID-19 could be associated with costs of £7 billion a year in the UK, without annual autumn vaccinations   ](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-model-estimates-covid-19-could-be-associated-with-costs-of-7-billion-a-year-in-the-uk-without-annual-autumn-vaccinations/) - COVID-19 costs the UK £7bn yearly without autumn vaccinations. OHE model reveals NHS savings & economic benefits of expanding vaccine eligibility.
- [New OHE research finds productivity losses from respiratory infections cost UK businesses £44 billion per year](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-finds-productivity-losses-from-respiratory-infections-cost-uk-businesses-44-billion-per-year/) - Respiratory infections cost UK businesses £44bn yearly, with presenteeism driving most losses—highlighting the need for workplace prevention measures.
- [New research reveals, in carers' own words, the multidimensional burden of caring for leukemia patients](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-research-reveals-in-carers-own-words-the-multidimensional-burdenof-caring-for-leukemia-patients/) - Today, the Acute Leukemia Advocates Network (ALAN) and the Office of Health Economics (OHE published a first-of-its-kind qualitative study of informal carers across 6 countries.
- [Europe’s pharmaceutical policy choices – And what the United States stands to learn](https://www.ohe.org/insights/europes-pharmaceutical-policy-choices-and-what-the-united-states-stands-to-learn/) - European pharmaceutical policy choices prioritise cost containment, shaping access and innovation. Lessons for US policymakers go beyond just lower prices.
- [How Widely Are QALYs Used in OECD Countries? A Snapshot of International Practices](https://www.ohe.org/insights/how-widely-are-qalys-used-in-oecd-countries-a-snapshot-of-international-practices/) - A snapshot of how QALYs are used in OECD countries, highlighting international practices in health technology assessment (HTA) and decision-making.
- [The Trump Administration’s US Drug Pricing Proposal – What will happen next?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-trump-administrations-us-drug-pricing-proposal-what-will-happen-next/) - Trump administration’s US drug pricing MFN proposal: potential impact on drug costs, patient access, and global pharmaceutical markets.
- [Why do we expect obesity medicines to work differently?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/why-do-we-expect-obesity-medicines-to-work-differently/) - GLP-1 obesity medicines help manage weight, but benefits fade when treatment stops. Recognising obesity as a chronic condition can improve outcomes and reduce stigma.
- [Global rare‑disease policy shifts: what are the implications for equitable access to orphan medicines?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/global-rare-disease-policy-shifts-what-are-the-implications-for-equitable-access-to-orphan-medicines/) - Global rare disease policy shifts are reshaping orphan drug development, with major implications for equitable access in the UK, EU and US.
- [NICE's new cost-effectiveness threshold: Significance, consequences, and unanswered questions](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nices-new-cost-effectiveness-threshold-significance-consequences-and-unanswered-questions/) - From April 2026, NICE raises its cost-effectiveness threshold to £25k–£35k per QALY. What it means for NHS funding, patients, and future decision-making is unclear.
- [Reflections from Adrian Towse on decades of HEOR research and impact](https://www.ohe.org/insights/reflections-from-glasgow/) - Adrian Towse, Emeritus Director and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at OHE looks back at his journey and impact in health economics research.
- [International Women’s Day: Why We #Choosetochallenge](https://www.ohe.org/insights/international-womens-day-why-we-choosetochallenge/) - On International Women’s Day, OHE recognises the ongoing need to call out gender inequality, celebrates the achievements made in the health economics community, and reflects on why gender diversity is a ‘no-brainer’ for us as an organisation.
- [Reforming Primary Health Care in Middle-Income Countries: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly](https://www.ohe.org/insights/reforming-primary-health-care-middle-income-countries-good-bad-and-ugly/) - A recent series of papers examines the effects of multiple primary health care interventions (introduction of health facility accreditation, introduction of user fees, and discontinuation of performance-based financing schemes) under Egypt’s Health Sector Reform Program between 2000 and 2014.
- [Quality of Life in Long-term Cancer Survivors: Implications for Future Health Technology Assessments in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/news/quality-life-long-term-cancer-survivors-implications-future-health-technology-assessments/) - Cancer survival rates have improved dramatically in recent decades due in part to pharmaceutical advances, with a growing range of increasingly effective and targeted medicines being developed, such asimmunotherapies. In the economic modelling of such treatments, the question arises of which utilities should be assigned to patients who show a long-term, durable response.
- [Including Carer Quality of Life in Health Technology Evaluation: Are We There Yet?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/including-carer-quality-life-health-technology-evaluation-are-we-there-yet/) - Carer quality of life impacts can be included in health technology evaluations, however little guidance is provided. NICE considered providing more guidance as part of their recent methods review. Ultimately, a set of ‘minimum evidence requirements’ were produced, but these were not included in the new manual as further research and stakeholder input is required.
- [Modelling Spillover Effects on Informal Carers: The Carer QALY Trap](https://www.ohe.org/news/modelling-spillover-effects-on-informal-carers-the-carer-qaly-trap/) - Exploring the carer trap and its implications in health technology assessments. Our opinion piece discusses the impact on informal carers' quality of life and how it can shape decisions on new medical technologies. Read more on X
- [Caring about Carers: Improving Consideration of the Burden of Informal Caring in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/insights/caring-about-carers-improving-consideration-of-the-burden-of-informal-caring-in-hta/) - Through a three-part webinar series, commissioned and funded by Roche, OHE has explored the burdens on informal carers when providing unpaid care for loved ones.
- [Applications open for MSc Fellowship Programme 2026](https://www.ohe.org/news/applications-open-for-msc-fellowship-programme-2025/) - We actively support the next generation of health economists in a range of ways. If you are looking to undertake an MSc in Health Economics, apply for our Fellowship Programme with City.
- [Turning around the NHS: Reflections on the 2025 OHE Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/insights/turning-around-the-nhs-prevention-productivity-and-the-path-ahead-reflections-on-the-2025-ohe-annual-lecture/) - In this year's Annual Lecture, Prof Anita Charlesworth takes a closer look at the NHS 10 Year Health Plan, concluding that all is not lost for the NHS, but questions of coherence, capacity, and capability remain.
- [OHE’s submission to a parliamentary inquiry on UK drug shortages](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohes-submission-to-a-parliamentary-inquiry-on-uk-drug-shortages/) - The following is an extract from OHE’s written submission to parliament focused on diversifying suppliers and recognising the value of treatment alternatives to mitigate this issue.
- [Environmental sustainability in the NHS 10 Year Health Plan: The need for green ](https://www.ohe.org/insights/environmental-sustainability-in-the-nhs-10-year-health-plan-the-need-for-green/) - This is the second in a series of blogs about how the proposals in the recently published 10 Year Plan measure up against some of the most pressing health concerns in the UK.
- [The true cost and burden of frontotemporal dementia: Early insights into a pressing challenge](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-true-cost-and-burden-of-frontotemporal-dementia-early-insights-into-a-pressing-challenge/) - In recognition of Frontotemporal Dementia Awareness Week, OHE shares ongoing work quantifying the disease burden and cost-of-illness associated with FTD.
- [Prevention in the NHS 10 Year Health Plan: Promise, limits, and the path forward](https://www.ohe.org/insights/prevention-in-the-nhs-10-year-health-plan-promise-limits-and-the-path-forward/) - This is the first in a series of blogs about how the proposals in the newly published 10 Year Plan measure up against some of the most pressing health concerns in the UK.
- [Climate action is health action: OHE’s focus on sustainability](https://www.ohe.org/insights/climate-action-is-health-action-ohes-focus-on-sustainability/) - At the intersection of health and the climate is an urgent crisis. This crisis affects health in ways that are wide-ranging, unevenly distributed, and difficult to isolate. It poses deep challenges not only for service delivery but for how we define value, whose preferences we measure, and how we account for intergenerational and regional equity.
- [From STEDI to STRIDES: Valuing broader health-system benefits of AMR diagnostics](https://www.ohe.org/insights/from-stedi-to-strides-valuing-broader-health-system-benefits-of-amr-diagnostics/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global health crisis. AMR infections cause an estimated 1.3 million deaths globally every year, and this number is only projected to rise.
- [A NICE Wind of Change? The What and So What of the NICE Methods Consultation](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-wind-change-what-and-so-what-nice-methods-consultation/) - This blog post summarises some of the more notable changes put forward in NICE’s methods consultation (November – December 2020), and comments on their potential consequences. This blog post summarises some of the more notable changes put forward in NICE’s methods consultation (November – December 2020), and comments on their potential consequences. In England and
- [Pharmacogenomics Testing: A Crucial Piece to Unlocking the Full Value of Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/insights/pharmacogenomics-testing-a-crucial-piece-to-unlocking-the-full-value-of-medicines/) - Join us for an online CERSI-PGx Health Economics Workshop on 10 June 2025, from 13:00–17:00 BST, with experts from NHS England, NICE, the University of Manchester, and Bangor University.
- [Navigating the Intersection of Healthcare and Environmental Sustainability: ISPOR Europe round-up on the inclusion of environmental impact in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ispor-healthcare-environmental-sustainability/) - In this insight, commissioned and funded by Chiesi S.p.A, we reflect on the discussions that took place at ISPOR Europe 2023 and how environmental impact is factored into HTA.
- [Could Plant-based Diets Transform Health Care Spending?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/could-plant-based-diets-transform-health-care-spending/) - In a bid to reduce health care budgets, policymakers and healthcare professionals are increasingly looking to prevention strategies.
- [Breaking the European Deadlock: Part 2 - Transferable Exclusivity Vouchers – Effective Pull Incentive or a Policy Distraction?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/breaking-the-european-deadlock-part-2/) - This is part 2 of the insight series which explores how progress towards an effective pull incentive for antibiotics can be made in Europe.
- [Looking Further Afield – What Can Health Economics Learn from the Environmental Economics Approach to Discounting?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/environmental-economics-approach-to-discounting/) - Discounting in economic evaluations presents challenges for therapies with high up-front costs and long-term benefits. We discuss how health economics can learn from debates occurring within environmental economics, where discounting poses similar challenges.
- [Latest estimates show that 20 people a day die in unrelieved pain across the UK at the end of their lives](https://www.ohe.org/insights/20-people-a-day-die-in-unrelieved-pain-across-the-uk-at-the-end-of-their-lives/) - To help inform the current debate on assisted dying, we have updated the findings of our 2019 palliative report with the latest data.
- [OHE's AMR consultation response](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohes-amr-consultation-response/) - This blog summarises our perspective on the recent proposals set out by NHS England to assess the value of new antibiotics via a new scoring system linked to a volume-delinked revenue guarantee payment. Key arguments outlined here were submitted to NHS England as part of OHE’s response to the consultation on proposals.
- [R&D for new drugs to tackle AMR is a high-return investment for all EU member states](https://www.ohe.org/insights/rd-for-new-drugs-to-tackle-amr-is-a-high-return-investment-for-all-eu-member-states/) - Two recently-published papers predict high returns from a policy which incentivises the development of new antibiotics.
- [Health economists for a sustainable future](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/september-2023/) - Can't see the bulletin? Try this direct link.
- [How Restrictive are NICE ‘Optimised’ Decisions?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/how-restrictive-nice-optimised-decisions/) - NICE makes 'optimised' decisions to support use of medicines in smaller groups of patients. Between 2020 to 2022, 56% of optimised decisions recommended treatment for less than half of eligible patients.
- [Setting the Right Discount Rate for HTA in the Slovak Republic](https://www.ohe.org/insights/setting-right-discount-rate-hta-slovak-republic/) - Health interventions such as new medicines produce costs and health-related effects not only in the year they are introduced but in all future years until they are discontinued. People generally care less about future outcomes (for example, having better health today is generally preferred to having better health in 10 years’ time). To reflect this,
- [NGS testing for lung cancer across Europe still limited, despite clear case for adoption](https://www.ohe.org/news/ngs-testing-lung-cancer-europe-limited/) - Our new report contains a wealth of evidence for clinical value and cost-saving potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in lung cancer, and recommends that increased uptake requires focus on reimbursement, national standardisation, and new infrastructure
- [Grow and diversify funding for prevention to boost the nation’s health and prosperity, urges landmark report](https://www.ohe.org/news/grow-diversify-funding-prevention-report/) - Our new report examines the promise of prevention in healthcare and provides six key recommendations that could usher in a new era of optimised prevention.
- [Reflections from the Region: Healthcare transformation in the Middle East](https://www.ohe.org/insights/health-economics-at-the-heart-of-transformation-in-the-middle-east/) - It’s not often that you witness a health system reinvent itself in real-time. And yet, this is precisely what is happening across the Middle East.
- [Prevention pays off – so why aren’t we doing more of it? ](https://www.ohe.org/insights/prevention-pays-off-so-why-arent-we-doing-more-of-it/) - 2025 marks the midpoint of the World Immunisation Agenda, which, if fully implemented, will save 50 million lives over the next decade. We know that immunisation pays off: the wider societal benefits of childhood immunisation programmes in low and middle income countries outweigh their costs up to 51 times while our own research on adult immunisation in mostly high and
- [OHE submission to the UK Parliamentary Inquiry on an Ageing Society](https://www.ohe.org/insights/office-of-health-economics-written-evidence-submission-for-the-parliamentary-inquiry-on-an-ageing-society/) - OHE’s written submission to parliament focused on raising population health in older age and increasing access to fertility treatments as two possible avenues to address the challenges of demographic change.
- [Bold politics - what about the economics?: An overview of President Trump’s ‘Most Favoured Nation’ Executive Order](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-free-rider-fallacy-an-overview-of-president-trumps-most-favoured-nation-executive-order/) - This is the first in a series of OHE Insights on the history, implications and possible impact of President Trump’s Executive Order on a “Most Favoured Nation” (MFN) pricing model for pharmaceuticals.
- [OHE Innovation Policy Prize](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-innovation-policy-prize/) - As OHE’s Chief Executive, I am writing on behalf of our Board of Trustees and the entire OHE research team to announce the launch of the inaugural biennial OHE Innovation Policy Prize of £40,000. This year, OHE is celebrating our 60th anniversary, making it one of the oldest health economics research organisations globally. OHE was founded
- [One week left to register](https://www.ohe.org/news/one-week-left-to-register/) - One week left to register for our in-person tickets to our first £40,000 Innovation Policy Prize Award Ceremony! Join us on 14 Dec as the winner is announced & they present their solution. Register for free: https://hubs.la/Q01xZ3LZ0 #AwardCeremony #HealthEconomics #InnovationPrize Read more on X.
- [The Evidence Base Interview with Amanda Cole](https://www.ohe.org/news/the-evidence-base-interview-with-amanda-cole/) - Excited to share insights from The Evidence Base interview with Amanda Cole on the role of the Inflation Reduction Act in accelerating the uptake of real-world evidence in the US healthcare ecosystem. Read more on X.
- [No cure, no fee?](https://www.ohe.org/news/no-cure-no-fee/) - Discover key takeaways from @ProgressEduTrust's article by @nadine_h22 & @Amanda_M_Cole about outcome-based agreements for gene therapies. Read more on X.
- [Congrats to Fred McElwee](https://www.ohe.org/news/congrats-to-fred-mcelwee/) - Congrats to @FredMcelwee and co-author Anthony T. Newall for second place in the Valuing Innovation Project Call for Papers by @IVI_health! Read more on X.
- [How do family doctors respond to reduced waiting times for cancer diagnosis in secondary care?](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-do-family-doctors-respond-to-reduced-waiting-times-for-cancer-diagnosis-in-secondary-care/) - Examining the impact of a pilot for a new stricter waiting time target for urgent cancer diagnosis in hospitals by Helen Hayes ,RachelMeacock, Jonathan Stokes and MattXSutton. Read more on X.
- [Do you have a PhD in Health Economics on your list of goals?](https://www.ohe.org/news/do-you-have-a-phd-in-health-economics-on-your-list-of-goals/) - Do you have a PhD in Health Economics on your list of goals? Apply now for OHE's PhD Fellowship Programme at LSE. We offer an annual stipend of £20,622, work experience, and collaboration with top health economists. The application deadline is 16 February 2024! Read more on X.
- [A switch to vegan diets could save the NHS £6.7 billion per year, new research reveals](https://www.ohe.org/news/a-switch-to-vegan-diets-could-save-the-nhs-6-7-billion-per-year-new-research-reveals/) - New analysis by the Office of Health Economics reveals that 100% adoption of plant-based diets in England could save the NHS around £6.7 billion over a year. There could be 2.1 million fewer cases of disease and a gain of more than 170,000 quality-adjusted life years across England. Research shows a decreased relative risk associated
- [To Hell with the 3L! NICE’s Missed Opportunity to Upgrade Health Outcome Measurement](https://www.ohe.org/insights/hell-3l-nices-missed-opportunity-upgrade-health-outcome-measurement/) - This blog post is the second in a series on the new National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) health technology evaluation manual. Each post provides a critical discussion on a particular topic, including the expected implications of the changes (or lack thereof) in the manual; what is still missing; and what further research
- [No Smoking Day 2022: Reflecting on OHE Projections from 1994](https://www.ohe.org/insights/no-smoking-day-2022-reflecting-ohe-projections-1994/) - Since 1984, the UK’s second Wednesday of each March is NO SMOKING DAY (NSD). The NSD aims to encourage smokers who want to quit. In 2022, NSD falls on the 9th of March and has the slogan “Today is the Day”. On the occasion of the 2022 NSD, a reflection on where the UK is
- [The NICE Health Technology Evaluation Manual: A Fresh Perspective Needed?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-health-technology-evaluation-manual-fresh-perspective-needed/) - This blog post is the fourth in a series on the new National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) health technology evaluation manual. Each post provides a critical discussion on a particular topic, including the expected implications of the changes (or lack thereof) in the manual; what is still missing; and what further research
- [NICE’s severity modifier: a step in the right direction, but still a long way to go](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nices-severity-modifier-step-right-direction-still-long-way-go/) - This blog post is the fifth in a series on the new National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) health technology evaluation manual. Each post provides a critical discussion on a particular topic, including the expected implications of the changes (or lack thereof) in the manual; what is still missing; and what further research
- [Invest to End TB. Save Lives. World TB Day 2022.  Reflections on 60 years of OHE publications on TB](https://www.ohe.org/insights/invest-end-tb-save-lives-world-tb-day-2022-reflections-60-years-ohe-publications-tb/) - Global TB deaths are increasing. CGD and OHE set out a “Market-Driven, Value-Based, Advance Commitment (MVAC)” that would create and guarantee a market for a breakthrough short, universal TB regimen tackling MDR strains. An earlier 1998 OHE publication argued for the UK to move from universal use of BCG vaccination, unlikely to be cost-effective, targeting
- [Let’s talk about (health) inequalities](https://www.ohe.org/insights/lets-talk-about-health-inequalities/) - The NICE methods review consultation included a proposal to consider health inequalities more explicitly in their Health Technology Assessment process. But there is still a long way to go before NICE finds a way to tackle all the complexity of this concept. In the following sections we provide an overall view of the main challenges.
- [Accounting for Preference Heterogeneity in Discrete Choice Experiments](https://www.ohe.org/insights/accounting-preference-heterogeneity-discrete-choice-experiments/) - A new publication co-authored by OHE’s David Mott provides an overview of the state of practice for accounting for preference heterogeneity in discrete choice experiments. The publication, which was a collaboration between members of the ISPOR Health Preference Research Special Interest Group, reports the results of a literature review and an expert survey. What are
- [Ignoring the needs of our future workforce could have disastrous consequences for the UK NHS and its patients.](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ignoring-needs-our-future-workforce-could-have-disastrous-consequences-uk-nhs-and-its-patients/) - Ignoring the needs of our future workforce could have disastrous consequences for the UK NHS and its patients. In economics, we have a pretty complicated name ( hyperbolic discounting) for a very common human inclination, that is to consider that today matters much more than tomorrow. However, the UK NHS is facing the consequences of the
- [Open Source Modelling: From Ideas to Action](https://www.ohe.org/insights/open-source-modelling-ideas-action/) - OHE’s Chris Sampson is currently Chair of the ISPOR Open Source Models Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG recently published their first journal article in Value in Health and will be delivering a Forum at this week’s ISPOR conference. In this blog post, Chris provides some background to the work and an invitation to get
- [Sleepio: Lessons from the Frontier of Digital Therapeutics](https://www.ohe.org/insights/sleepio-lessons-frontier-digital-therapeutics/) - The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recently issued its first guidance for a digital therapeutic. NICE recommends the use of Sleepio for treating insomnia symptoms in primary care. OHE played a vital role in developing the evidence to support the guidance. In this blog post, Chris Sampson shares the story of how
- [The State of Play for Cost-effectiveness Thresholds](https://www.ohe.org/insights/state-play-cost-effectiveness-thresholds/) - In a new paper led by OHE, an international team of co-authors considers the evidence for supply-side cost-effectiveness thresholds, providing a set of recommendations for policymakers. In this blog post, Chris Sampson provides an overview of the findings and key messages. Twenty years ago, OHE published a collection of papers exploring the economic and ethical
- [The Benefits of Early Engagement with Payers and Patient Representatives: The Case Study of a MoCA Pilot Project on ANCA-associated Vasculitis](https://www.ohe.org/insights/benefits-early-engagement-payers-and-patient-representatives-case-study-moca-pilot-project-anca/) - OHE and Vifor Pharma present a poster at the last European Conference on Rare Diseases (ECRD) on the Mechanism of Coordinated Access to orphan medicinal products (MoCA) where evidence on avacopan for ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) was discussed using the Transparent Value Framework. The Office of Health Economics in collaboration with Vifor Pharma is presenting a
- [Improving the Measurement of Valued Output in Primary Care in England](https://www.ohe.org/insights/improving-measurement-valued-output-primary-care-england/) - How can we identify efficiency variations across general practices and opportunities to improve their productivity if the measurement of output does not reflect the value produced?
- [The World Needs New Antibiotics. A Proposed US Program to Develop Them Offers a High Pay-Off](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-world-needs-new-antibiotics-a-proposed-us-program-to-develop-them-offers-a-high-pay-off/) - A Center for Global Development (CGD) paper authored by OHE’s Adrian Towse and CGD’s Rachel Silverman Bonnifield shows a very high expected return on investment (ROI) for a program to incentivise antibiotic development via a US government subscription-based pull mechanism. Proposed legislation (the PASTEUR Act) could make this ROI a reality, saving millions of lives.
- [G7 Investments in New Antibiotics Would Pay Off - For Everyone](https://www.ohe.org/insights/g7-investments-in-new-antibiotics-would-pay-off-for-everyone/) - Programs to incentivise antibiotic R&D are underway in the UK and under consideration in the US, EU, Canada, and Japan. We have assessed the benefits and costs to the members of the G7/EU and project that all G7/EU members would see big payoffs ranging from 11:1 in the UK to 28:1 for the US and Japan. Global returns from reducing the 1.27m people dying each year from AMR are even higher.
- [Combination Therapies: A Step Forward to the Value Attribution Problem](https://www.ohe.org/insights/combination-therapies-a-step-forward-to-the-value-attribution-problem/) - OHE convened a roundtable discussion to present and discuss recent work by OHE colleagues and collaborators on value attribution frameworks for combination therapies.
- [Fishing for Innovative Drugs with the ODRS: Potential Benefits and Challenges](https://www.ohe.org/insights/fishing-for-innovative-drugs-with-the-odrs-potential-benefits-and-challenges/) - During an engaging discussion of Professor Aidan Hollis’ prizewinning proposal with Professor Adrian Towse a range of potential benefits and remaining questions were explored.
- [A Prescription for Green Healthcare Delivery: Insights from an Expert Sustainability Webinar](https://www.ohe.org/insights/a-prescription-for-green-healthcare-delivery-insights-from-an-expert-sustainability-webinar/) - OHE delivered a webinar on pharmaceutical sustainability, supported by ABPI, bringing together leading experts and professionals from government, healthcare, and industry. This webinar builds on a recently published OHE report on sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry.
- [Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Gene Therapies for Inherited Eye Disease: Are Current Discounting Approaches Too Short-sighted?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/cost-effectiveness-analysis-of-gene-therapies-for-inherited-eye-disease-are-current-discounting-approaches-too-short-sighted/) - Gene therapies pose fresh challenges for discounting practice by HTA agencies. In this blog, we discuss why discounting is important for gene therapies, using a potential gene therapy for X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP) as an example.
- [Can a continued focus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment see the NHS to another 75 years?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nhs-another-75/) - We have delved into the OHE archives to reflect on past NHS successes. In part one of a two-part Insight series, we look at three major contributors to shorter life expectancies – tuberculosis, heart disease, and cancer.
- [The Economics of Health in a Shifting Climate: Insights from the 2023 Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/insights/2023-annual-lecture/) - OHE invited Climate Change Economist, Professor Elizabeth Robinson to give the 2023 Lecture at the Royal Society of Medicine. She used the opportunity to demonstrate the importance of a one health perspective when transitioning into a climate-resilient future.
- [OHE's contribution to health economics](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohes-contribution-to-health-economics/) - ‘Health economists often credit the UK with being the natural home for the discipline – why?’ We conducted interviews with 18 esteemed health economists to explore this question and to investigate both the interconnection between health economics and the pivotal influence of the Office of Health Economics (OHE) in steering its direction. Spanning from its
- [An eye on sustainability at the Economist's Future of Health Europe](https://www.ohe.org/insights/futureofhealth/) - Learn more about how the topic of sustainability was tackled by a broad range of speakers and the key themes which emerged.
- [What is the future of health economics?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/what-is-the-future-of-health-economics/) - There has never been a more exciting time to be a health economist. The future of health economics is about improving upon what we have and expanding the bounds of what is possible.
- [The US Inflation Reduction Act: What Do the Experts Think?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-us-inflation-reduction-act-what-do-the-experts-think/) - In August 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law. In this OHE Insight, Amanda Cole explores the expert discussions had at ISPOR US 2023.
- [New Drugs to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: Breaking the European Deadlock: Part 1 - Defining Objectives](https://www.ohe.org/insights/new-drugs-to-tackle-antimicrobial-resistance-breaking-the-european-deadlock-part-1-defining-objectives/) - The EU Commission has set out important but controversial proposals for an AMR pull incentive for new antibiotics. In the first of this insight series, we set out seven objectives an EU fit-for-purpose pull incentive should work to achieve.
- [The Inflation Reduction Act: Price negotiation underway for the first 10 drugs](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-inflation-reduction-act-price-negotiation-underway-for-the-first-10-drugs/) - The first 10 drugs included in the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program created by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) were announced at the end of August. We discuss what they are, what they show us, and the potential ripple effects.
- [Reimagining Prevention for a Healthier, More Prosperous Society: Webinar Insights](https://www.ohe.org/insights/2023-prevention/) - OHE held a webinar expanding on the findings and recommendations outlined in the recent whitepaper report. The event brought together experts from government, industry, and academia to share insights, focusing on strategies aimed at spearheading a transformative era of prevention.
- [Rare Disease Day 2024: Why Do We Care About Rare?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/rare-disease-day-2024-why-do-we-care-about-rare/) - Rare Disease Day is observed on the last day of February every year, and today – February 29th – is truly the rarest day.
- [The changing role of the NHS over time](https://www.ohe.org/insights/the-changing-role-of-the-nhs-over-time/) - OHE has been producing reports since 1962 which give insights into issues facing the NHS in the 75 years since it was created. The first part of this blog series, explored the successes of the NHS over the last 75 years in key disease areas. This second part, considers how the demand for healthcare services
- [NICE at 25: HTA Methods Guidelines - Evolution, not revolution](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-at-25-hta-methods-guidelines-evolution-not-revolution/) - OHE celebrates NICE’s 25 anniversary through a series of insights explaining NICE’s first steps and discussing NICE’s present and future role.
- [NICE at 25: Technology Appraisals - Faster Access to Modern Treatment?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-at-25-the-technology-appraisals-faster-access-to-modern-treatment/) - OHE celebrates NICE’s 25th anniversary through a series of insights explaining NICE’s first steps and discussing NICE’s present and future role.
- [Using Target Product Profiles (TPPs) to improve diagnostic testing for cancer](https://www.ohe.org/insights/target-product-profiles-to-improve-diagnostic-testing-for-cancer/) - Tackling cancer is a major global priority. Early detection and diagnosis can help patients get timely access to treatment and dramatically improve cancer outcomes. This relies, in part, on the effective diagnostic tests.
- [Drug shortages are on the rise – but what is their impact?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/drug-shortages-are-on-the-rise/) - In this article, we discuss the global issue of drug shortages. We summarise our research where we developed a framework for quantifying the cost of a shortage, and through three case studies provide illustrative estimates of these costs.
- [Green Healthcare: Are We Asking the Right Questions?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/are-we-asking-the-right-questions/) - The climate-health crisis is a growing global concern, and identifying the right starting points is crucial.
- [The Preventive Health Revolution: Insights from the 2024 Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/insights/preventive-health-revolution/) - One of OHE’s charitable objectives is a commitment to educate and inform the public and policymakers about critical issues in the healthcare sector. OHE’s Annual Lecture is an opportunity to highlight the most urgent health issues around the world, and to amplify the research and evidence that can inform how we address these challenges. Advances
- [What is the impact of Uniform Pricing, Indication-Based Pricing (IBP) and alternative commercial arrangements for new pharmaceuticals in the UK NHS?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/what-is-the-impact-of-uniform-pricing-indication-based-pricing/) - A critique of the recent EEPRU paper
- [Infectious disease: another reason to try Veganuary for the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/insights/another-reason-to-try-veganuary-for-the-nhs/) - We dust off last year’s model to consider the potential savings to the NHS from more people going vegan, with a focus on COVID-19.
- [Is collaboration between and across regulatory and HTA agencies the answer to access challenges?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/is-collaboration-between-and-across-regulatory-and-hta-agencies-the-answer-to-access-challenges/) - More collaborative initiatives are taking place among regulatory agencies, health technology assessment (HTA) bodies and between regulatory and HTA agencies at national and regional levels.
- [OHE's submission for the DHSC's next 10 years of planning](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohes-submission-for-the-dhscs-next-10-years-of-planning/) - This Insight summarises the recommendations OHE submitted towards the Department of Health & Social Care’s consultation on the next 10 years of planning for the NHS.
- [Driving Green Change: Lessons from the 2024 Innovation Policy Prize](https://www.ohe.org/insights/driving-green-change-lessons-from-the-2024-innovation-policy-prize/) - Last week, the OHE Innovation Policy Prize was jointly awarded to Professor Andrew Briggs and Professor Thomas Pogge.
- [EQ-5D and beyond: OHE’s contributions to EuroQol research and meetings](https://www.ohe.org/insights/eq-5d-and-beyond-ohes-contributions-to-euroqol-research-and-meetings/) - Measuring and valuing health outcomes is arguably what makes health economics such a unique and sometimes controversial discipline. The idea of putting a numerical value on an individual’s health state may not sit right with some people but in reality, it’s often central to healthcare decision-making through its use to generate QALYs in economic evaluation.
- [Advancing Rare Disease Care: Challenges and Key Issues](https://www.ohe.org/insights/advancing-rare-disease-care-challenges-and-key-issues/) - Today marks Rare Disease Day 2025. This time last year we published an Article entitled “ Why do we care about rare?”, summarising the origins of rare disease day, the fundamental ambition – to strive for more equitable access to diagnosis, treatment and care for rare disease patients– and the breadth and depth of OHE
- [Adding a “Cognition Bolt-on” to EQ-5D-5L: Insights from New Research and What’s Next](https://www.ohe.org/insights/adding-a-cognition-bolt-on-to-eq-5d-5l-insights-from-new-research-and-whats-next/) - As part of EuroQol’s current priority-setting work, the development of bolt-ons for the EQ-5D-5L instrument has taken centre stage. A “bolt-on toolbox” is being developed to identify and test potential additional dimensions that could enhance the instrument’s performance in specific contexts. At the recent 9th EuroQol Academy meeting in Barcelona, which centred around the theme
- [GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Shifting Obesity Management](https://www.ohe.org/insights/glp-1-receptor-agonists-shifting-obesity-management/) - The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist market is experiencing rapid growth, with more than 150 drug candidates currently in development as reported by Research & Markets, 2025. These therapies were originally a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, GLP-1 treatments demonstrate substantial weight loss benefits and are now gaining traction in obesity management.
- [Plan For A New EU Pharmaceutical Legislation: What Will It Mean For Pharmaceutical Innovation?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/plan-for-a-new-eu-pharmaceutical-legislation/) - The European Commission and European Parliament have set out their proposals for a reformed EU pharmaceutical legislation which could substantially change the incentive ecosystem for the first time in 20 years.
- [Breaking the European Deadlock: Part 3 – Revenue Guarantee and Subscription Models for New Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/insights/breaking-the-european-deadlock-part-3/) - Insight 3 of this series provides an exploration of revenue guarantee/subscription models and how they could be implemented in the EU.
- [Power of efficiency](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/september-2021/)
- [Perspective is everything](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/october-2021/)
- [Unmet needs: Adressing gaps and backlogs](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/november-2021/)
- [2021: A course in accelerated learning](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/december-2021/)
- [60 years of OHE](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/january-2022/)
- [Are HTA decision makers embracing change?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/february-2022/)
- [COVID-19 and social care: Challenges and reforms](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/march-2022/)
- [Antimicrobial resistance: STEDI Value and Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/april-2022/)
- [How can the NHS prepare for future workforce needs?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/may-2022/)
- [Innovation, insights and celebration](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/june-2022/)
- [Special Edition: OHE Masterclass Series](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/july-2022/)
- [Balancing access, innovation and sustainability](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/august-2022/)
- [An alphabet of priorities for the new Health Secretary](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/september-2022/)
- [The power of communication is health economics](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/october-2022/)
- [Tackling healthcare challenges together](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/november-2022/)
- [Reflecting on OHE's milestones in 2022](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/december-2022/)
- [Building a resilient and sustainable healthcare in 2023](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/january-2023/)
- [Special Edition: Innovation Policy Prize](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/february-2023/)
- [If equality could go viral](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/march-2023/)
- [Advancing HTA through collaboration](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/march-2023-copy/)
- [The Inflation Reduction Act has landed](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/may-2023/)
- [The power of better diagnostics](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/may-2023-copy/)
- [Is the NHS too brittle for change?](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/may-2023-copy-copy/)
- [Unlocking prevention for a healthier society](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/october-2023/)
- [UK antibiotic incentives proposals and needed changes](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/november-2023/)
- [OHE's 2023 Reflection: Prevention & Sustainability](https://www.ohe.org/bulletins/december-2023/)
- [Using Competition with Care: Comment on the Revised Regulations for the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/insights/using-competition-care-comment-revised-regulations-nhs/) - OHE’s Jon Sussex has studied and written extensively on competition in the NHS. He was a member of the OHE Commission on Competition in the NHS and rapporteur of its 2012 report. We asked him to comment on the latest NHS competition regulations. Last week the UK’s coalition government published a revised draft of regulations
- [5 Things You Should Do with EQ-5D Data](https://www.ohe.org/insights/5-things-you-should-do-eq-5d-data/) - Professor Nancy Devlin outlines her top 5 recommendations for anyone collecting or reporting EQ-5D data. Written by Professor Nancy Devlin, Director of Research at OHE and member of the EuroQol Group EQ-5D is the most widely used measure of patient reported outcomes (PRO) around the world. For a couple of decades now, it has been
- [The Long-term Sustainability of the NHS and Adult Social Care](https://www.ohe.org/insights/long-term-sustainability-nhs-and-adult-social-care/) - On 5th April 2017 the House of Lords Select Committee on the Long-term Sustainability of the NHS published their report titled “The Long-term Sustainability of the NHS and Adult Social Care”. The report provides a series of recommendations for the government in order to improve the outlook for the NHS. On 5th April 2017, the
- [Alan Maynard – Alas No More](https://www.ohe.org/insights/alan-maynard-alas-no-more/) - Tony Culyer writes on the contribution to health economics of Alan Maynard, the pioneering health economist, who died on February 2nd 2018. If you wanted to know what people thought of Alan Maynard, the pioneering health economist, and why they… Tony Culyer writes on the contribution to health economics of Alan Maynard, the pioneering health
- [NICE Recommendation Highlights Role of Social Value Judgements](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-recommendation-highlights-role-social-value-judgements/) - This blog post discusses the role of social value judgements in NICE technology appraisals, focusing on the recent appraisal of dinutuximab beta for high-risk neuroblastoma. The use of social value judgements (SVJs) in health technology assessments is controversial but not new. The latest example of their use raises questions about how they are incorporated consistently
- [MoCA Initiative and its Value Framework: An Opportunity to Improve Decision Making for Orphan Drugs in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/moca-initiative-and-its-value-framework-opportunity-improve-decision-making-orphan-drugs-europe/) - Orphan drugs inherently face a number of challenges in their development and value assessment. In this blog post, we describe the Mechanism of Coordinated Action (MoCA) initiative, and discuss why it can be beneficial to all parties involved and how it can improve decision making for – and access to – orphan drugs in European
- [As UN General Assembly Highlights Tuberculosis Fight, Will BRICS Lead on the R&D Agenda?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/un-general-assembly-highlights-tuberculosis-fight-will-brics-lead-rd-agenda/) - The Center for Global Development and the Office of Health Economics are working on a new approach to drive the next generation of investment for better tuberculosis treatment. Our market-focused approach puts Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (the BRICS) governments in the driver’s seat—empowering them to send a powerful signal to private-sector pharmaceutical
- [HTA in Japan: Failing to Meet International Good Practice?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/hta-japan-failing-meet-international-good-practice/) - The Japanese government has recently announced new plans to implement HTA from April 2019. The ISPOR HTA Task Force published ‘Good Practices in HTA’ in January 2019. The Japanese proposals do not meet them. The Japanese Government recently announced plans for health technology assessment (HTA) to be implemented from April 2019. At a meeting organised
- [We Asked, You Answered: Reflections on the First Round of MVAC Feedback](https://www.ohe.org/insights/we-asked-you-answered-reflections-first-round-mvac-feedback/) - Market-Driven, Value-Based Advanced Commitment (MVAC) is a new mechanism to help re-direct private-sector R&D investments where they’re needed most. We propose to use MVAC to encourage investments in tuberculosis (TB), which affects 10 million people worldwide. In this blog post, we reflect on the first round of feedback on our consultation draft on MVAC. In
- [A Market-based International Reference Price Index: Solution or Contradiction?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/market-based-international-reference-price-index-solution-or-contradiction/) - The Trump Administration proposed an International Pricing Index for reimbursing physician-administered Medicare drugs. A conservative thought leader proposed a different basket of ‘market-oriented’ countries. These differ markedly from the U.S. Their governments have a central role in medicines purchase, in contrast to U.S. reliance on private markets. The Trump Administration has proposed using an International
- [NICE and EuroQol Research Foundation to Support New EQ-5D-5L Valuation Study](https://www.ohe.org/insights/nice-and-euroqol-research-foundation-support-new-eq-5d-5l-valuation-study/) - As indicated in its recent statement, NICE supports a new valuation study to generate a value set for the EQ-5D-5L. We welcome this announcement. As indicated in its recent statement, NICE supports a new valuation study to generate a value set for the EQ-5D-5L. We welcome this announcement. In 2012, OHE and the University of
- [25 Years of the Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve](https://www.ohe.org/insights/25-years-cost-effectiveness-acceptability-curve/) - In 1994 Ben van Hout introduced the concept of the cost effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC). In the 25 years since, the CEAC has become a standard part of health economic evaluations and incorporated into health technology assessment guidelines. Professors Nancy Devlin and Andrew Briggs spoke at a reception at ISPOR Europe this year to celebrate
- [Do child QALYs = adult QALYs? Five reasons why they might not](https://www.ohe.org/insights/do-child-qalys-adult-qalys-five-reasons-why-they-might-not/) - Why might differences arise between child and adult QALYs? In the UK, NICE’s science policy and research team is reviewing NICE’s recommendations on child utilities and QALYs. In Australia, the Medical Research Future Fund has announced it will fund research for the PBAC on the topic. This blog sets out a conceptual framework addressing five
- [The Digitalisation of Health Care During COVID-19: Consideration of the Long-Term Consequences](https://www.ohe.org/insights/digitalisation-health-care-during-covid-19-consideration-long-term-consequences/) - The need for social distancing in light of COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented increase in reliance on digital technologies by both health care providers and patients. While the trend towards digitalisation of health care allows for potential improvements in access, its impact on health outcomes and health inequalities must be carefully considered to ensure
- [In Memoriam Adam Wagstaff 1959-2020](https://www.ohe.org/insights/memoriam-adam-wagstaff-1959-2020/) - On the occasion of Adam Wagstaff’s death, Professor Tony Culyer reflects on his vast legacy to health economics, from Tony’s perspective of having been Adam’s PhD supervisor as well as a friend and collaborator. On the occasion of Adam Wagstaff’s death on May 10th, 2020, OHE pays tribute to his legacy with an obituary written
- [The Economics of Innovation in Times of Pandemic: How to Incentivise the Development, Supply, and Continuous Improvement of Innovative Solutions to Fight COVID-19?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/economics-innovation-times-pandemic-how-incentivise-development-supply-and-continuous/) - The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity of finding health solutions in an unprecedentedly short length of time. However, the first treatments, tests and vaccines will only offer partial solutions. Competing follow-on technologies will offer better or complementary health benefits. It is essential that health systems do not put all of their eggs in one
- [How Should the World Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/how-should-world-pay-covid-19-vaccine-0/) - This year’s OHE lecture addressed the question: how should the world pay for a COVID-19 vaccine? The paper by Adrian Towse and Isobel Firth accompanying the lecture is now published. It builds on work undertaken with Kalipso Chalkidou, Rachel Silverman and Ganesh Ramakrishnan from the Center for Global Development, and Hannah Kettler from PATH, and
- [The Broader Value of Existing Vaccines in the Fight Against COVID-19: Beware of Tunnel Vision](https://www.ohe.org/insights/broader-value-existing-vaccines-fight-against-covid-19-beware-tunnel-vision/) - As the world is figuring out how to deal with COVID-19, it is worth taking stock of the broader value that existing vaccines bring to societies suffering from this pandemic. We illustrate this broader value by considering how existing vaccines can help protect people from other respiratory conditions or from COVID-19 co-infections and relieve overburdened
- [The Value of Diagnostic information (VODI) in Heart Failure – Recognising Value Beyond ‘Beats-Per-Minute’](https://www.ohe.org/insights/value-diagnostic-information-vodi-heart-failure-recognising-value-beyond-beats-minute/) - Bernarda Zamora presented at the virtual event entitled ‘Value of Diagnostic Information in Heart Failure’, which was organised by Roche Diagnostics. The panel, composed of six experts representing a range of stakeholders across Europe, shared their insights and perspectives on the Value of Diagnostic Information (VODI), and explored policies and changes that need to be
- [Bridging the Gap: Pathways for Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment of Histology Independent Cancer Treatments](https://www.ohe.org/insights/bridging-gap-pathways-regulatory-and-health-technology-assessment-histology-independent-cancer/) - Histology independent therapies are changing the picture of cancer treatment and in so doing don’t ‘fit the frame’ of value assessment. What are the key challenges on the pathway from regulatory to Health Technology Assessment and how can we bridge those? This blog summarises expert and audience insights from an OHE-led ISPOR Educational Session, held
- [OHE at HESG Winter 2021](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohe-hesg-winter-2021/) - Members from the team at OHE attended the Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) Winter 2021 Meeting, hosted online by the Centre for Health Economics in London, LSHTM, from 6th-8th January 2021. The Health Economists’ Study Group Winter 2021 Meeting was hosted online by the Centre for Health Economics in London, LSHTM, from 6th-8th January 2021.
- ['HispaNICE': the Creation of an 'Independent Authority for the Evaluation of Health Practices and Policies' Gathers Momentum](https://www.ohe.org/insights/hispanice-creation-independent-authority-evaluation-health-practices-and-policies-gathers/) - This blog summarises an initiative taken by more than 300 health economists and experts in support of the creation of an independent health technology assessment agency in Spain. Over three hundred academic researchers, professionals, and experts have recently signed a manifesto called ‘ For a Hispa-NICE: now or never‘ in support of the creation of
- [Does Government Funding Increase Public Sector Development of New Medicines?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/does-government-funding-increase-public-sector-development-new-medicines/) - A new paper, published last week in Applied Economics, by Dimitrios Kourouklis, Senior Economist at OHE, looks at the question of whether government funding increases public sector development of new medicines. Looking at public sector drug development in Europe, this paper suggests that government funding does have an impact on the research and development pipeline,
- [Efficiency Measurement in Primary Care: Time to Overcome the Challenges and Achieve Some Gains](https://www.ohe.org/insights/efficiency-measurement-primary-care-time-overcome-challenges-and-achieve-some-gains/) - Why is the measurement of efficiency in health care so important, but equally challenging? And why is it especially so in primary care? This blog provides an overview of these well-known issues, and offers a glimpse into the results of a new OHE analysis of approaches to measure efficiency in primary care and recommendations for
- [Time to Tackle the Challenges around Combination Therapies for Cancer](https://www.ohe.org/insights/time-tackle-challenges-around-combination-therapies-cancer/) - A new Editorial reviews three solutions to the price and value challenge to reimbursing combination products. Higher thresholds are not justifiable. Evidence to support use of shorter regimens will take time to develop. Multi-use pricing is the best option to explore. A new Editorial reviews three solutions to the price and value challenge to reimbursing
- [Ethical Goals and Design Criteria for ‘Fair Access” to Drugs in the US Health Care System](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ethical-goals-and-design-criteria-fair-access-drugs-us-health-care-system/) - In the contentious debate around US drug prices, less well understood is: if the price of a drug is a fair, value-based, price, how we assess if insurance coverage provides patients with ‘fair access’ to that drug? This paper from ICER and OHE authors seeks to define fair access. It proposes Ethical Goals for Access
- [Reconciling MCDA and Augmented Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Do We Get the Same Decisions?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/reconciling-mcda-and-augmented-cost-effectiveness-analysis-do-we-get-same-decisions/) - A new paper explores the equivalence of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Augmented Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in adding elements of value to QALY-based cost-effectiveness decision making. It finds that they are equivalent methods under reasonable assumptions when elements of value can be aggregated into two separate top-level groups: health and financial. A new paper explores the equivalence
- [Key Learnings From COVID-19: The Importance of Portfolio Management and How to Procure, Pay For, Distribute, and Use Vaccines During a Pandemic](https://www.ohe.org/insights/key-learnings-covid-19-importance-portfolio-management-and-how-procure-pay-distribute-and-use/) - In this blog, we reflect on some of the key learnings from the recent pull and push strategies to develop COVID-19 vaccines in the UK, the US, and the European Union. We use our recent work on portfolio management, pricing, and procurement of COVID-19 vaccines (forthcoming as an OHE report) to organise the review. In
- [Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds and Expert Elicitation: a Bridge Too Far?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/cost-effectiveness-thresholds-and-expert-elicitation-bridge-too-far/) - A team at the University of York recently published a study in which they sought to generate more reliable evidence to inform the estimation of marginal productivity in the NHS. In our response, published in Medical Decision Making, we suggest that, unfortunately, the estimates provided by the ‘experts’ in the study are of little practical
- [Would Waiving COVID-19 Vaccines Patents Save Lives?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/would-waiving-covid-19-vaccines-patents-save-lives/) - This blog discusses the rationale behind a COVID-19 patent waiver decision and contributes to the current debate by producing a balanced view on the benefits and drawbacks resulting from an intellectual property (IP) waiver, in the short- and the long… Mireia Jofre-Bonet Dimitrios Kourouklis Adrian Towse This blog discusses the rationale behind a COVID-19 patent
- [Allocating Public Spending Efficiently: Is There a Need for a Better Mechanism to Inform Decisions in the UK and Elsewhere?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/allocating-public-spending-efficiently-there-need-better-mechanism-inform-decisions-uk-and/) - Our new paper explores the evidence currently being used to allocate budgets between public sector activities in the UK and its limitations. We argue that there is much that can and should be done to improve the evidence base to inform the allocation of public sector budgets across portfolios. We propose a pragmatic approach to
- [Towards a New Understanding of Unmet Medical Need](https://www.ohe.org/insights/towards-new-understanding-unmet-medical-need/) - In a commentary piece recently published in Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, OHE authors discuss how the misalignment in interpretations of the term ‘unmet medical need’ by different stakeholders has led to insufficient incentives for development in areas with urgent, genuine need, and propose a new framework for developing a more consistent understanding of
- [How Should the World Pay for a Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccine? Where are we 6 Months on?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/how-should-world-pay-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-vaccine-where-are-we-6-months/) - The Value in Health May issue includes the paper “How Should the World Pay for a Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccine?”. Finalised in December 2020, it includes: an overview of COVID-19 vaccine development; a proposal for a benefit-based advance market commitment (BBAMC) to get the vaccines needed; and proposals for future pandemic preparedness. In this blog,
- [OHE is Launching a New Series to Explore the Latest Attempts to Reduce the Cost of US Healthcare](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ohe-launching-new-series-explore-latest-attempts-reduce-cost-us-healthcare/) - US healthcare reform is frequently on the US presidential policy agenda. Following the lead from his predecessors, President Obama’s controversial health insurance reform and President Trump’s public acknowledgement for the need for lower drug prices, President Biden has taken up the gauntlet and put the cost of prescription drugs front and centre. US healthcare reform
- [How Does Pharmaceutical Spending Drive Innovation in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/how-does-pharmaceutical-spending-drive-innovation-europe/) - A new publication by Kourouklis and Gandjour (2022) investigates the impact of pharmaceutical spending on domestic early-stage pharmaceutical innovation in Europe. They find that European spending does impact the number of patent applications and that European pharmaceutical spending has an impact on European countries attracting early-stage development. A new paper co-authored by OHE’s Dimitrios Kourouklis
- [New NICE Manual for Health Technology Evaluations: A Critical Discussion on the Most Relevant Changes (or Lack Thereof)](https://www.ohe.org/insights/new-nice-manual-health-technology-evaluations-critical-discussion-most-relevant-changes-or-lack/) - OHE opens a series of blog posts on the NICE new health technology evaluation manual. The blogs will provide a critical discussion around the topics, including the expected implications of the changes (or lack thereof) in the manual; what is still missing; and what further research is needed. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- [Rare Disease Day 2022](https://www.ohe.org/insights/rare-disease-day-2022/) - World Rare Disease Day aims to raise awareness of rare diseases and the impact they can have on patients. This blog explores OHE’s contributions to research into rare diseases and orphan medicines. World Rare Disease Day is celebrated on the last day of February 28th or 29th in a leap year (the rarest day) to
- [ISPOR Issue Panel Roundup: Are Our HTA Methods Fit for Purpose for Gene Therapies?](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ispor-issue-panel-roundup-are-our-hta-methods-fit-purpose-gene-therapies/) - As part of OHE’s presence at ISPOR 2022 in Washington DC, we hosted an issue panel tackling the hot topic of health technology assessment (HTA) of gene therapies. As part of OHE’s presence at ISPOR 2022 in Washington DC, we hosted an issue panel tackling the hot topic of health technology assessment (HTA) of gene
- [ISPOR Europe Round-up: “Gene Therapies: Where High Promise Meets High Uncertainty, How Should HTA Methodologies Appropriately Value and Enable Access?”](https://www.ohe.org/insights/ispor-europe-round-up-gene-therapies-where-high-promise-meets-high-uncertainty-how-should-hta-methodologies-appropriately-value-and-enable-access/) - OHE, in collaboration with Pfizer, hosted an educational symposium entitled “Gene Therapies: Where High Promise Meets High Uncertainty, How Should HTA methodologies Appropriately Value and Enable Access?”.
- [Kahneman's legacy in health economics](https://www.ohe.org/insights/kahnemans-legacy-in-health-economics/) - Daniel Kahneman (1934 – 2024) was a Nobel Prize-winning psychologist known for his pioneering work in behavioural economics.
- [How Fair? Competition in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-fair-competition-nhs/) - Competition within the NHS for non-emergency hospital care no longer adjusts for non-discretionary costs unique to independent providers. Should it? Jon Sussex Since 2002, the UK government has actively promoted competition for the provision of non-emergency hospital care to publicly-funded patients in England. In contrast to the health care competition introduced into the National Health Service
- [PROMs and Choice in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/proms-and-choice-nhs/) - PROMs are intended to fill a critical gap in understanding the impact of health care on the patient's quality of life. OHE is closely involved in PROMs research and policy discussions. Health care accounts for a significant portion of economic activity in all medically advanced countries. In the UK in 2007/8, for example, slightly more
- [Getting the Most out of PROMs](https://www.ohe.org/news/getting-most-out-proms/) - Getting the Most out of PROMS is a clearly written, comprehensive review of the practical issues involved in creating reliable PROMs, in presenting results both accurately and in usable formats, and applying them in making choices. More than 100 years ago Florence Nightingale suggested a health-related outcome measure for her patients: relieved, unrelieved and dead.
- [Lunchtime Seminar: US Pharma Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/lunchtime-seminar-us-pharma-pricing/) - Prof William S. Comanor, University of California, is renowned for his expertise on the economics of the pharmaceutical industry. On Tuesday, 13 April, he will be joining us at OHE for a lunchtime seminar. Prof William S. Comanor, University of California, is renowned for his expertise on the economics of the pharmaceutical industry. On Tuesday, 13
- [Evaluating Medical Innovation: The Societal View](https://www.ohe.org/news/evaluating-medical-innovation-societal-view/) - In a recent OHE Briefing, five leading European experts in health economics provide a comprehensive international review of changes in health economic evaluation and the reasons for them. The authors express concern that the basis for health care decision making today has evolved away from the societal perspective of cost benefit analysis to the payer
- [OHE Awarded DH Grant for EQ-5D Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-awarded-dh-grant-eq-5d-research/) - The OHE has won a £325,000 grant from the UK Department of Health that focuses on developing a new health status index – the 5 level EQ-5D --that will capture smaller changes in health related quality of life. The OHE has been awarded a £325,000 Policy Research Programme grant by the Department of Health. The
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-pricing/) - The 13 April OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Prof William Comanor was attended by about 40 people, hailing from academia, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, consultancies, physicians’ associations, and government. The 13 April OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Prof William Comanor was attended by about 40 people, hailing from academia, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, consultancies, physicians’
- [Measuring Health Output, Productivity and Equity](https://www.ohe.org/news/measuring-health-output-productivity-and-equity/) - Why, whether and how to measure health outputs, productivity and equity in the UK was the focus of the OHE’s 15th Annual Lecture, given by Prof Tony Atkinson. Why, whether and how to measure health outputs, productivity and equity in the UK was the focus of the OHE’s 15th Annual Lecture, given by Prof Tony
- [Time Trade Off and Valuing Quality of Life](https://www.ohe.org/news/time-trade-and-valuing-quality-life/) - In an article in Health Economics, Prof Devlin and her co-authors demonstrate the promise of using Lead Time TTO to value health 'state worse than death'. They demonstrate the potential advantages of the approach and identify important next steps in developing the methodology. NICE’s preferred means of measuring health-related changes in quality of life is
- [OHE’s Mestre-Ferrandiz has new appointment](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-mestre-ferrandiz-has-new-appointment/) - OHE is delighted to announce that Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz has been appointed an Honorary Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Economics at City University London. Dr. Mestre-Ferrandiz OHE is delighted to announce that Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz has been appointed an Honorary Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Economics at City University London. In this role, Jorge
- [Risk Sharing & Patient Access Schemes Workshop](https://www.ohe.org/news/risk-sharing-patient-access-schemes-workshop/) - On 29 June, OHE will collaborate with the Pope Woodhead consultancy to present a workshop on implementing risk sharing and patient access schemes within a market access strategy. Delivered in a highly interactive format, the day will include ample opportunity for lively discussion, group break-outs, role playing scenarios and the sharing of experiences. On 29
- [Workshop on HTA and Regulatory Review](https://www.ohe.org/news/workshop-hta-and-regulatory-review/) - Tensions between broad access to new medical technologies and efforts to contain health care costs are perennial. In recent years, this has become evident in the uncomfortable discontinuities that can occur between health technology assessment (HTA) and regulatory approval of medicines. In autumn 2009, OHE and the Institute for Regulatory Science at CMR International collaborated
- [HTAinSite: The NICE Decision Database](https://www.ohe.org/news/htainsite-nice-decision-database/) - HTAinSite is a unique resource that enables subscribers to quickly find relevant information on NICE technology appraisal (TA) decisions and the evidence used to support them. Launched in May 2009, the project is a collaboration involving the OHE, City University London and Abacus International. HTAinSite is a unique resource that enables subscribers to quickly find
- [The Impact of Biosimilars on Markets](https://www.ohe.org/news/impact-biosimilars-markets/) - The availability of biosimilars -- ‘copies’ of biologics -- is very recent and limited so far to only a few products. Projecting the impact on markets of the appearance of ‘biosimilars’ is still difficult, both for individual products and for the market as a whole. This the first in a series of blog posts about
- [2010 Lecture: US Health Care Reform](https://www.ohe.org/news/2010-lecture-us-health-care-reform/) - OHE's 2010 Annual Lecture features Dr Alan Garber on the implications of the American health care reform law. Register to join us in London on 22 June 2010. For a summary of Dr Garber's remarks see these blog posts: Part 1 and Part 2. The full text of his remarks is available in print and
- [Biosimilars: Issues Overview](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilars-issues-overview/) - This is the second in our series of posts based on the OHE seminar on biosimilars and summarises the remarks of Prof Bengt Jönsson of the Stockholm School of Economics. This is the second in our series of posts based on the OHE seminar on biosimilars and summarises the remarks of Prof Bengt Jönsson of the
- [Reminder: Risk Sharing Master Class](https://www.ohe.org/news/reminder-risk-sharing-master-class/) - On 29 June, OHE will collaborate with the Pope Woodhead consultancy to present a workshop on implementing risk sharing and patient access schemes within a market access strategy. On 29 June, OHE will collaborate with the Pope Woodhead consultancy to present a workshop on implementing risk sharing and patient access schemes within a market access strategy.
- [News Release: Report on Patient Choice in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/news-release-report-patient-choice-uk/) - A report published today by The King’s Fund shows that having a choice of hospitals is valued by the majority of patients. However, it is not yet operating as intended and has not so far acted as a lever to improve quality and increase competition. Thursday, 3 June 2010Support for patient choice but it is
- [Biosimilars and Data Exclusivity](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilars-and-data-exclusivity/) - Data exclusivity is critical to ensuring that biosimilars achieve an appropriate balance between increasing market competition and encouraging innovation. The history of 'traditional generics' is a poor guide; biosimilars possess critically different characteristics. In the seminar, Prof Grabowski explored these differences and presented his analyses of data exclusivity requirements for biologics/biosimilars. This is the third in
- [Lunchtime Seminar: Willingness-to-Pay](https://www.ohe.org/news/lunchtime-seminar-willingness-pay/) - On 16 July, OHE will present a Lunchtime Seminar by Prof Peter Zweifel, who will discuss his recent research on patients' willingness to pay for pharmaceuticals. Space is limited at this seminar. Willingness-to-Pay for a New Pharmaceutical: Is it Worth the Money? Whose Money?During this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Prof Peter Zweifel, University of Zurich, will discuss
- [EuroQol Group to Report Key EQ-5D Advances](https://www.ohe.org/news/euroqol-group-report-key-eq-5d-advances/) - The EuroQol Group's 27th Scientific Plenary will take place in mid-September. Researchers will report on several exciting developments in the EQ-5D, a measure of self-reported health widely used in research and in the NHS PROMs programme. Professor Nancy Devlin (OHE) and Professor Jan van Busschbach (Erasmus MC) are the joint Scientific Chairs. The EQ-5D is
- [Reminder: 2010 Lecture on US Health Reform](https://www.ohe.org/news/reminder-2010-lecture-us-health-reform/) - OHE’s 2010 Annual Lecture features Dr Alan Garber, Director both of Stanford University’s Center for Health Policy and its Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research at the School of Medicine. For a summary of Dr Garber's remarks see these blog posts: Part 1 and Part 2. The full text of his remarks is available
- [Biosimilars: Modelling the Evolution of the Market](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilars-modelling-evolution-market/) - The OHE model varies from other models of biosimilar markets evolution by starting with transaction prices, rather than list prices, and factoring in the collection of 'Patient Safety Year' (PSY) data. These data will capture actual experience with a biosimilar, increasing the comfort level of prescribers and encouraging a gradual increase in market share. PSY
- [Price Competition and Biosimilars](https://www.ohe.org/news/price-competition-and-biosimilars/) - Virtually all models forecast that price competition will be less intense and price declines modest in comparison to the generics model. Many models, however, miss or underestimate factors and trends that push the biosimilars market in the other direction. These include, for example, sources of supply with lower variable costs, profit incentives for entry, participation
- [Biosimilars’ Price Dynamic in Europe](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilars-price-dynamic-europe/) - Europe already has some experience with the impact of biosimilars on pricing, including a price war in Germany for EPOs. Whether that experience will be repeated, however, depends on a number of factors, including the originator's pricing strategy and reservations by payers and physicians about potential risks. This is the sixth in our series of
- [Reminder: Willingness-to-Pay Seminar](https://www.ohe.org/news/reminder-willingness-pay-seminar/) - Willingness-to-Pay for a New Pharmaceutical: Is it Worth the Money? Whose Money?During this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Prof Peter Zweifel, University of Zurich, will discuss the findings from a discrete-choice experiment conducted in Germany to elicit the willingness to pay for modern insulin therapy using a long-acting insulin analogue rather than conventional insulin. Choice experiments such as this could
- [EU Approval of Biosimilars](https://www.ohe.org/news/eu-approval-biosimilars/) - Biosimilar products in the European Union (EU) must go through a centralised procedure that licenses the product for use in EU Member States. Until experience grows in both approval and use of biosimilars, regulation inevitably will be somewhat case-by-case and concerns about safety will be prominent. This is the seventh in our series of posts
- [Estimating US Savings from Biosimilars](https://www.ohe.org/news/estimating-us-savings-biosimilars/) - The law signed in March 2010 eliminated some of the uncertainty about the future of biosimilars in the US. Still unclear is the impact biosimilars actually will have on costs and when any savings might appear. This is the eighth and last in our series of posts based on the OHE seminar and summarises the
- [Part 1: 2010 Lecture on US Health Reform](https://www.ohe.org/news/part-1-2010-lecture-us-health-reform/) - Each year, OHE sponsors an Annual Lecture that examines an important issue in health care. In late June, Dr Alan Garber spoke on US health care reform. This is the first of two posts that summarises his remarks. It reviews the background for and the intent of the new legislation signed into law in March
- [Part 2: 2010 Lecture on US Health Reform](https://www.ohe.org/news/part-2-2010-lecture-us-health-reform/) - Each year, OHE sponsors an Annual Lecture that examines an important issue in health care. In late June, Dr Alan Garber spoke on US health care reform. This is the second of two posts that summarises his remarks. It reviews some of the key provision of the law, summarises the factors that will affect its
- [Limits to Using QALYs in Cancer](https://www.ohe.org/news/limits-using-qalys-in-cancer/) - QALY measures have become important tools in valuing health interventions so that resource allocations can be made. Current methods, however, may not adequately capture QALYs for cancer patients, particularly in the last years of life. This post reviews the issues and suggests next steps. A quality-adjusted life year, or QALY, is a year of life
- [Comparing Economic Appraisal Guides in England](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-economic-appraisal-guides-england/) - Debate continues about the methods that the UK’s NICE uses in its appraisals of medical technologies, including whether effects beyond the NHS should be considered using a cost-benefit approach. Examining economic appraisal guidelines issued by other official agencies offers an important opportunity to set NICE’s perspective in context. Ruth Puig-Peiró, an economist at the OHE,
- [Competition in the NHS: ‘Payment by Results’](https://www.ohe.org/news/competition-nhs-payment-results/) - Jon Sussex, Deputy Director of the OHE, researches incentives and competition in UK health services. In July, he presented findings on ‘Payment by Results’ to the Health and Social Care Conference held by the Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations. Jon Sussex, Deputy Director of the OHE, researches incentives and competition in UK health
- [Defining Benefit Through Willingness to Pay](https://www.ohe.org/news/defining-benefit-through-willingness-pay/) - Since 2007, new medications may be paid for by the statutory health insurance funds (GKV) in Germany only if they are cost-effective. Willingness-to-pay analyses can be essential background for decisions about the pricing and reimbursement of prescription medicines. Since 2007, new medications may be paid for by the statutory health insurance funds (GKV) in Germany
- [Value Based Pricing in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-based-pricing-uk/) - Every country around the globe struggles with attaining an appropriate balance between providing affordable health care and ensuring access to medical advances. In a recent article in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Prof Adrian Towse examines the issues from a UK perspective. Managing and containing costs in the NHS is a perennial challenge. Far
- [OHE Consulting: Local and Global Expertise](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-consulting-local-and-global-expertise/) - OHE Consulting makes the expertise of the team at the Office of Health Economics available to organisations in all sectors – public, private and voluntary. The consultancy has the knowledge and skills to address a wide range of issues in health care and pharmaceutical policy, economics and statistics. OHE Consulting makes the expertise of the
- [Costs and Bariatric Surgery in England](https://www.ohe.org/news/costs-and-bariatric-surgery-england/) - Obesity is an increasing challenge in England, as elsewhere. OHE has completed a study that examines PCT practice and the cost savings that could accrue if NICE guidance was followed more closely. Obesity is an increasing problem in England, as it is in many countries worldwide. In 2008, nearly a quarter of adults aged 16
- [Which English Hospital is Best at Hips?](https://www.ohe.org/news/which-english-hospital-best-hips/) - Earlier this month, the first set of data on post operative patient reported outcomes (PROMs) was published by the Department of Health (DH). For the first time, this has provided a patient-based assessment of changes in patients’ health related quality of life following hip replacement. The data also cover surgery on knees, varicose veins and
- [New Antimicrobial Drugs: EU Policy Options](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-antimicrobial-drugs-eu-policy-options/) - Antimicrobial resistance to drugs is a growing global public health issue. The EU began a discussion in 2009 about which policies can best encourage the development of new antibiotics. New OHE research uses an economic model to indentify which incentives for innovation are likely to be most successful. Pryia Sharma Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs, a
- [Biomedical and Health Research Spillovers in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/biomedical-and-health-research-spillovers-uk/) - Research spillovers exist when research by one organisation creates increased output for other organisations that operate in the same or other sector of the economy. Given current constraints on public, charitable and private research funding, enhancing spillovers may become an important objective in UK science and technology policy. OHE recently collaborated with RAND Europe in
- [Access to Orphan Drugs in the EU](https://www.ohe.org/news/access-orphan-drugs-eu/) - Legislation in the EU provides incentives for the developmeng of drugs for rare diseases, known as orphan medicinal products (OMPs). At a recent conference, OHE's Dr Mestre-Ferrandiz reported on OHE research that examines the impact of these measures as well as whether and how pricing and reimbursement policies affect access in practice. Martina GarauOrphan drugs,
- [The Impact of Science Policy Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/impact-science-policy-research/) - Science, technology and innovation (STI) are gaining even greater importance with globalisation and international competition. The benefits STI provides, however, also carry risks and social costs. Science policy research is important in both encouraging and managing STI. A recent OHE lunchtime seminar examined the evolution of this field and its impact on decision makers. OHE
- [Disease severity and public preferences](https://www.ohe.org/news/disease-severity-and-public-preferences/) - Does including the name of a specific severe disease in preference surveys affect public attitudes toward resource allocation? A recent proof of concept study suggests that 'naming' does not increase preferences for allocating more resources to severe diseases when improvement is likely to be modest. Allocating limited health care resources is a continuing challenge. Maximizing
- [Annual Lecture Publication Now Available](https://www.ohe.org/news/annual-lecture-publication-now-available/) - Now available is the full text of Dr Alan Garber's remarks at the OHE Annual Lecture. Each year, the OHE sponsors a lecture that explores a timely issue in medicine and/or health economics. Now available is the full text of Dr Alan Garber's remarks at the OHE Annual Lecture.Each year, the OHE sponsors a lecture
- [The UK’s Publicly Funded Vaccines Market](https://www.ohe.org/news/uks-publicly-funded-vaccines-market/) - The OHE has just published reports on the vaccines markets in Australia and in the UK, originally prepared as case studies for a project funded by the Federal German Ministry of Health (Bundesgesundheitsministerium). The main findings of the UK study are outlined in this post. The OHE has just published reports on the vaccines markets in
- [Prof Devlin Elected Chair of EuroQol Group](https://www.ohe.org/news/prof-devlin-elected-chair-euroqol-group/) - OHE is pleased to announce that Professor Nancy Devlin, Director of Research, has been elected as Chair of the EuroQol Group’s executive committee, effective as from November 2010. Nancy Devlin OHE is pleased to announce that Professor Nancy Devlin, Director of Research, has been elected as Chair of the EuroQol Group’s executive committee, effective as from
- [Australia’s Publicly Funded Vaccines Market](https://www.ohe.org/news/australias-publicly-funded-vaccines-market/) - The OHE recently published reports on the vaccines markets in Australia and in the UK, originally prepared as case studies for a project funded by the Federal German Ministry of Health (Bundesgesundheitsministerium). The main findings of the Australian study are outlined in this post. The OHE recently published reports on the vaccines markets in Australia and in the
- [Report on Orphan Drugs Released](https://www.ohe.org/news/report-orphan-drugs-released/) - OHE Consulting has released new research on orphan medicinal products (OMPs) in Europe that assesses the effects of the European Union’s 1999 Regulation on Orphan Medicinal Products on the European economy and society. OHE Consulting has released new research on orphan medicinal products (OMPs) in Europe that assesses the effects of the European Union’s 1999 Regulation on
- [Seminar Briefing on Science Policy](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-briefing-science-policy/) - At a recent OHE seminar, Prof Ben Martin (Science and Technology Policy Studies at SPRU, University of Sussex) presented the results of his extensive literature review and qualitative research on how the field of science policy research has evolved and advanced in the 50 years since its inception. At a recent OHE seminar, Prof Ben
- [Measuring Value: OHE at ISPOR](https://www.ohe.org/news/measuring-value-ohe-ispor/) - Members of the OHE team participated in a number of sessions at ISPOR’s 13th Annual European Congress in November. This post summarizes the contributions of Prof Nancy Devlin, OHE’s Director of Research. Nancy Devlin Members of the OHE team participated in a number of sessions at ISPOR’s 13th Annual European Congress in November. This post
- [Update: Value-Based Pricing in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/update-value-based-pricing-uk/) - Value-based pricing for new medicines, proposed as part of UK health care reform, would create a QALY-plus approach for drugs approved starting 1 January 2014. For new drugs, this would replace the current PPRS system. The implications for pricing and reimbursement, and innovation, are outlined by Prof Towse in this blog post. Since the late
- [Economic Evidence and NHS Reforms in England](https://www.ohe.org/news/economic-evidence-and-nhs-reforms-england/) - OHE collaborated with the Centre for Health Economics of the University of York in hosting workshop for policy makers and their advisers on NHS reforms. Discussion centred on economic evidence needed to drive the reforms and the gaps that now exist. The post reports key concerns and observations. The NHS White Paper published in July
- [The Market for Biosimilars](https://www.ohe.org/news/market-biosimilars/) - This publication expands on the series of posts published earlier on this blog. It reports on a seminar intended to encourage further thought about the distinguishing characteristics of the market for biosimilars and the implications of these for potential savings.Economists and regulatory experts from the US and Europe were invited to describe their research and offer
- [Comparing Variants of Lead and Lag Time TTO](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-variants-lead-and-lag-time-tto/) - OHE was awarded a UK Department of Health grant to further develop three aspects of health status indexes. Results of the second of these, advances in Time Trade Off methodology, are reported in this post. As reported in an earlier post, OHE was awarded a Policy Research Programme grant by the Department of Health that
- [Exploring Local NHS Decisions about Investment](https://www.ohe.org/news/exploring-local-nhs-decisions-about-investment/) - OHE is pleased to welcome Jamie Garside to the team. Jamie recently graduated with an MSc in health economics (with Distinction) from City University London. OHE is pleased to welcome Jamie Garside to the team. Jamie recently graduated with an MSc in health economics (with Distinction) from City University London.Jamie is a temporary Research Fellow
- [The Spanish Medicines Market Today](https://www.ohe.org/news/spanish-medicines-market-today/) - Spending by Spain’s National Health Service (NHS) on pharmaceuticals was €12.1 billion in 2010. Its market for prescription medicines is among the slowest growing in Europe, expanding by only 1% for the 12 months to September 2010 - half of the average of 2% for the five largest European markets. Dr. Mestre-Ferrandiz Spending by Spain’s National
- [New OHE Commission on Competition in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-commission-competition-nhs/) - Competition in the NHS is viewed as if it must either be for everything the NHS provides to patients or for nothing. Neither extreme is likely to produce the most socially beneficial outcome. To examine the appropriate role of competition in the NHS, the OHE has established an expert Commission on Competition, expected to produce
- [New: Priority Review Vouchers and Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-priority-review-vouchers-and-innovation/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing recounts a presentation by Prof Henry Grabowski on US Priority Review Vouchers, intended to provide an incentive for the development of drugs for tropical diseases. One of the originators of the idea, he recounts the history of its development and examines the potential impact of PRVs. Priority Review Vouchers (PRVs) are
- [Differential Pricing - A Win-Win Solution?](https://www.ohe.org/news/differential-pricing-win-win-solution/) - Summarised in this post is a just-released OHE Occasional Paper that examines the potentially positive impact of differential pricing in Europe and the overall negative effects of international reference pricing (IRP) measures. Increasing financial difficulties in some European Union Members States has led to greater use of international reference pricing (IRP), whereby prices in one
- [Two Economists Join OHE](https://www.ohe.org/news/two-economists-join-ohe/) - The Office of Health Economics is pleased to announce the appointment of two Economists. Dr Yan Feng specialises in understanding what incentives affect the behaviour of health care professionals; Arik Mordoh specialises in the economic and legal aspects of competition in the UK and EU. The Office of Health Economics is pleased to announce the
- [Value-Based Pricing: OHE Comments](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-based-pricing-ohe-comments/) - In December 2010, the UK Department of Health released a consultation document to elicit comments on ‘proposals for a new value-based system of pricing medicines which aims to recognise and reward innovation. The document sets out the principles that would underpin the move to value-based pricing, outlines how the new system could work across the
- [Valuing the National Clinical Assessment Service](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-national-clinical-assessment-service/) - The UK’s National Clinical Assessment Service (NCAS) provides advice to NHS managers about handling performance issues involving doctors, pharmacists and dentists. This post summarises an OHE research project meant to establish how much NHS managers value the NCAS’s services and the relative value placed on different attributes and types of service. The UK appears to
- [New: Antimicrobial Drug Incentives](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-antimicrobial-drug-incentives/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global public health threat. In this new OHE Research Paper, the authors identify barriers to the development of new products and recommend a hybrid push-pull approach to encouraging innovation. OHE has just made available Research Paper 11/02, Incentives for New Antimicrobial Drugs.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major
- [Incorporating Multiple Criteria in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/news/incorporating-multiple-criteria-hta/) - This OHE publication is intended to inform and stimulate debate about the way different sorts of evidence and considerations are taken into account in decisions about new health care technologies. The authors argue for greater use of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as an aid to decision-making that is based on health technology assessment. What
- [Effects of Public and Charitable Research Funding](https://www.ohe.org/news/effects-public-and-charitable-research-funding/) - Released today is an OHE study commissioned by Cancer Research UK that explores the interdependence between publicly funded and charity funded medical research. In particular, the study focuses on whether and how changes in the levels of government funding affect private funding for charities and, more broadly, medical research and the UK economy as a
- [QALYs v. Other Criteria in NHS Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/qalys-v-other-criteria-nhs-decisions/) - Just released is an OHE Research Paper that examines whether and how decisions about allocating resources for health care differ across the NHS and, particularly, in comparison to decisions by NICE. If important differences exist, the efficiency of resources allocation may be affected negatively. Just released is an OHE Research Paper that examines whether and
- [OHE is Moving its Offices](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-moving-its-offices/) - On 31 May, OHE will be moving its offices to Southside, 7th Floor, 105 Victoria Street, London SW1E 6QT. Telephone/fax numbers and e-mails will remain the same. We look forward to welcoming you to our new location. On 31 May, OHE will be moving its offices to Southside, 7th Floor, 105 Victoria Street, London SW1E
- [Measuring Value with Pharmacoeconomics](https://www.ohe.org/news/measuring-value-pharmacoeconomics/) - In forthcoming chapter in the Oxford Handbook on the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry, experts in the field outline the evolution of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) through its use as part of health technology assessment. The authors also explore the theoretical and practical issues that have arisen as the result of using CEA of drugs to
- [Drugs and Vaccines for Developing Countries](https://www.ohe.org/news/drugs-and-vaccines-developing-countries/) - Forthcoming in the Oxford Handbook on the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry, this paper describes the context of the problem of access to medicines in developing countries. The authors detail policies and proposals intended to increase access to both 'global' and 'neglected' diseases, including pricing, compulsory licensing, donations and 'push' and 'pull' mechanisms to stimulate
- [Workshop on Responding to Value-Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/workshop-responding-value-based-pricing/) - Register now for our workshop on 'value-based pricing', how it relates to risk-sharing and patient access schemes and what approaches might make the most sense. What is 'value-based pricing', how does it relate to risk-sharing and patient access schemes? What approaches might make the most sense in that environment?The Innovative Pricing Masterclass, limited to 25
- [News Release: Fighting Superbugs](https://www.ohe.org/news/news-release-fighting-superbugs/) - A new report today by the Office of Health Economics (OHE) called for a shake up in the way future antibiotics are to be rewarded in Europe so that biopharmaceutical companies can spend more to fight superbugs. A new report today by the Office of Health Economics (OHE) called for a shake up in the
- [OHE is Seeking Two Economists](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-seeking-two-economists/) - OHE currently has openings for two well qualified, highly motivated and energetic economists. OHE currently has openings for two well qualified, highly motivated and energetic economists.One post would suit applicants with strong skills and interest in outcomes measurement, valuation of health states and quantitative approaches to health economics. The other post requires thorough knowledge of
- [Join us for the 2011 Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-us-2011-annual-lecture/) - The 2011 OHE Annual Lecture -- Cost per QALY in the U.S. and Britain: Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don't? -- will be presented by Prof Milton Weinstein of Harvard University on 15 November 2011 in London. He will examine the differences in the US and British perspectives and argue for a
- [Previews of Forthcoming Publications](https://www.ohe.org/news/previews-forthcoming-publications/) - OHE is making available as Occasional Papers drafts of two important chapters that will appear in the Oxford Handbook on the Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry due out in 2012. One on access to drugs and vaccines in developing countries and the other on measuring value with pharmacoeconomics. OHE is making available as Occasional Papers
- [New OHE Guide to UK Health Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-guide-uk-health-statistics/) - Just released is the new OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics, which provides both reliable up-to-date statistics and a basic guide to finding and using health statistics for the UK and, to some extent, other OECD countries. Just released is the new OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics, which provides
- [New: Achieving World Class Outcomes in Cancer Treatment](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-achieving-world-class-outcomes-cancer-treatment/) - OHE has just released the publication of the presentation given by Prof Mike Richards at OHE's 16th Annual Lecture. National Clinical Director for Cancer and End of Life Care in England's Department of Health, Prof Richards addressed five questions about the NHS achieving world class outcomes in cancer. OHE has just released the publication of
- [Does Relative Effectiveness Vary Across Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/news/does-relative-effectiveness-vary-across-europe/) - At the Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) conference in May 2011, OHE’s Ruth Puig Peiró discussed a recent OHE study that reviewed the available literature on variations in medicines’ efficacy and effectiveness across countries. The desire to use limited health care resources wisely has driven interest in understanding the relative or comparative effectiveness of medicines.
- [New: Operationalising Value Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-operationalising-value-based-pricing/) - To date, the UK Government has not been specific about how VBP will be implemented, but has indicated that calculations of value will extend beyond the QALY approach currently used by NICE. The Department of Health has stated that it will include “the range of factors through which medicines deliver benefits for patients and society”.
- [Pricing in Emerging Markets: Income, Competition and Procurement](https://www.ohe.org/news/pricing-emerging-markets-income-competition-and-procurement/) - Most patients in middle and low income countries (MLICs) lack insurance coverage and so pay out of pocket for prescription medicines; pricing commensurate with income thus becomes critical to access to drugs. In this paper, the authors examine what determines the prices that manufacturers charge for originator and generic drugs across countries at all income
- [Recent Statistics on Orphan Approvals in Scotland and England](https://www.ohe.org/news/recent-statistics-orphan-approvals-scotland-and-england/) - In October 2009, the OHE published research that compared access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) in selected European countries. At the request of the UK Orphan Medicines Industry Group [1], OHE recently updated to May 2011 some of the data included in that research. In October 2009, the OHE published research that compared access to
- [Incentives for R&D for New Antimicrobial Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/news/incentives-rd-new-antimicrobial-drugs/) - Just published by OHE researchers is a comprehensive analysis of what policy measures are needed to counter the growing global problem of antimicrobial resistance. Their key findings are summarised in this blog post. Sharma and Towse Just published by OHE researchers is a comprehensive analysis* of what policy measures are needed to counter the growing
- [HTA and Appropriate Drug Pricing Worldwide](https://www.ohe.org/news/hta-and-appropriate-drug-pricing-worldwide/) - The August 2011 issue of Health Affairs featured four articles on how and why pricing for pharmaceuticals differs from one country to another. The OHE’s Prof Adrian Towse co-authored the lead article with Prof Patricia Danzon from the Wharton School and Dr Andrew Mulcahy of RAND. The August 2011 issue of Health Affairs featured four
- [OHE in the Spotlight: Summer 2011](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-spotlight-summer-2011/) - This is the first in a series of posts that will review OHE’s contributions to advancing thought and stimulating innovative ideas in its three key research areas: financing and delivery of health care, HTA methods and processes, and the economics of the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries. This is the first in a series of
- [Evidence on Valued Based Pricing and Reimbursement Schemes](https://www.ohe.org/news/evidence-valued-based-pricing-and-reimbursement-schemes/) - At the PPRI conference in Vienna on 29-30 September, 2011, Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz presented a poster summarising the results of a literature review on risk sharing, flexible pricing, patient access schemes and performance-based reimbursement. Dr. Mestre-FerrandizDespite the potential importance of value-based schemes for influencing the pricing, reimbursement and use of pharmaceuticals, the literature contains remarkably little
- [Join OHE at ISPOR: MCDA, Risk Sharing and Value-Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-ohe-ispor-mcda-risk-sharing-and-value-based-pricing/) - Join OHE at ISPOR to discuss multiple criteria decision analysis, value based pricing, risk sharing, post-approval data collection and other key topics in HTA and health care decision making. The 14th Annual European Congress of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) will be held in Madrid on 5-8 November. Profs Towse and
- [Valuing Health at the End of Life: Public Preferences](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-health-end-life-public-preferences/) - In 2009, the UK's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued supplementary advice that its Appraisal Committees are to consider when assessing treatments that extend life at the end of life. The policy thus places additional weight on the survival benefits for a small numbers of patients with terminal illnesses and short life
- [Spotlight on OHE: Measuring Preferences, HTA Benchmarking, Value-Based Pricing, and Rationing](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-measuring-preferences-hta-benchmarking-value-based-pricing-and-rationing/) - This post reviews OHE's activities in September 2011 that contributed to advancing thought and stimulating innovative ideas in its three key research areas: financing and delivery of health care, HTA methods and processes, and the economics of the pharmaceutical and life sciences industries. This post briefly reviews OHE’s September 2011 activities that contribute to advancing
- [New Insights into Hospital Efficiency: Linking Costs and Patient Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-insights-hospital-efficiency-linking-costs-and-patient-outcomes/) - A new discussion paper from the Centre of Health Economics (CHE), University of York, reports first results from a programme of collaborative research by CHE, Nancy Devlin of the OHE, and David Parkin of NHS South of England. The study, funded by the UK Department of Health, is the first to examine the relationship between
- [The Effect of Pay on Job Satisfaction and Performance in the UK NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/effect-pay-job-satisfaction-and-performance-uk-nhs/) - For nearly a decade, the UK NHS has been using performance-related compensation to motivate health care professionals to perform their jobs well. Research demonstrates that the job satisfaction of health care professionals has a significant, positive impact on health outcomes and that income affects job satisfaction. Missing, however, are studies on just how changes in
- [Just Released: Health and the Use of Medicines in Wales](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-released-health-and-use-medicines-wales/) - In this report commissioned by the ABPI in Wales, OHE Consulting examines the use of medicines in primary care in Wales since 2000 compared to the other countries of the UK In this report commissioned by the ABPI in Wales, OHE Consulting examines the use of medicines in primary care in Wales since 2000 compared
- [Forecasting the UK Medicines Bill to 2014](https://www.ohe.org/news/forecasting-uk-medicines-bill-2014/) - At the 13th Annual Conference of the Institute of Healthcare Management, Scotland, Jon Sussex discussed OHE’s model for projecting the UK NHS medicines bill to 2014 and a range of projections from it. At the 13th Annual Conference of the Institute of Healthcare Management, Scotland, Jon Sussex discussed OHE’s model for projecting the UK NHS
- [New: Using Happiness to Value Health](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-using-happiness-value-health/) - Paul Dolan is Professor of Behavioural Science in the Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science and also serves as the Chief Academic Advisor on Economic Appraisal for the UK Government Economic Service. He has published extensively on what measures of benefit can and should to be used to
- [Antibacterials: Roundtable Addresses the Critical Issues](https://www.ohe.org/news/antibacterials-roundtable-addresses-critical-issues/) - Antibacterial drug resistance is a serious and growing worldwide problem that threatens our ability to cure traditionally treatable diseases and to successfully perform numerous surgical procedures that rely on antibacterials. The current situation is due primarily to two causes: inappropriate use in humans and animals, and the decline in the development of new antibacterials, largely
- [Upcoming OHE Seminars: MCDA and R&D Productivity](https://www.ohe.org/news/upcoming-ohe-seminars-mcda-and-rd-productivity/) - Join OHE for two exciting seminars, one on MCDA and the other on shifts in investment in R&D. OHE invites you to join us for two lunchtime seminars in early December.On 7 December, Prof Larry Philips of LSE will report on the development of MCDA by the EMA’s Benefit-Risk Project, an effort he has been
- [Website Upgrades Launch Today](https://www.ohe.org/news/website-upgrades-launch-today/) - We have just completed a website upgrade, adding new materials to the website and improving its functioning. We have just completed a website upgrade, adding new materials to the website and improving its functioning.In the Health Statistics section, we now offer downloadable pdf and xls files of all our data, updated to the most recent
- [Research Funding and Economic Growth](https://www.ohe.org/news/research-funding-and-economic-growth/) - Increasingly, governments in the UK and throughout Europe see R&D driven growth as the best way out of the financial crisis. The Government identifies the 'UK’s world-class research base' as a key driver of economic growth. But does the evidence of returns from public investment in R&D match the rhetoric? Jon Sussex Written by RAND's
- [Spotlight on OHE: Assessing Value and Balancing Needs in Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-assessing-value-and-balancing-needs-health-care/) - During the last quarter of 2011, OHE team members were involved in discussions and presentations in a range of forums, covering each of OHE's three areas of focus. This post reviews their activities. During the last quarter of 2011, OHE team members were involved in discussions and presentations in a range of forums, covering each
- [Is It Time to Reconsider the Role of Co-Payments in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/news/it-time-reconsider-role-co-payments-europe/) - In a recent editorial in the European Journal of Health Economics, Prof Michael Drummond of York University and Prof Adrian Towse of the OHE take a new look at an old issue: the appropriate role of co-payments in health care. Prof TowseIn a recent editorial in the European Journal of Health Economics[1], Prof Michael Drummond
- [NICE’s Social Value Judgments about Equity in Health and Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/nices-social-value-judgments-about-equity-health-and-health-care/) - The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) routinely publishes details of the evidence and reasoning underpinning its recommendations, including its social value judgments. To date, however, although the principles related to cost-effectiveness are relatively explicit, those covering equity concerns generally are less specific. Koonal ShahThe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
- [New OHE Report: Time Trends in NICE HTA Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-report-time-trends-nice-hta-decisions/) - According to the 1999 UK Department of Health consultation document, the fundamental purpose of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was to reduce inequalities in access to innovative care and ensure more rapid access to medicines identified as being of value to the NHS. Since NICE’s debut in April 1999, several analyses
- [Report: Competition Can Help the NHS – But Proceed with Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/report-competition-can-help-nhs-proceed-care/) - The Office of Health Economics (OHE) has just released the report of its Commission on Competition in the NHS, which recommends careful expansion of competition between providers of NHS-funded health care in England. The Office of Health Economics (OHE) has just released the report of its Commission on Competition in the NHS, which recommends careful
- [Join Us in Our 50th Anniversary Celebration!](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-us-our-50th-anniversary-celebration/) - OHE has a number of exciting events and plans for 2012. Details in the full post. This year, the Office of Health Economics is celebrating its 50th anniversary. Founded in 1962, at the time when international emphasis on prescription medicine efficacy and safety was just beginning, OHE has made significant contributions in several fields since
- [What is the True Value of Spending on Medical Research?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-true-value-spending-medical-research/) - Over the past four years, OHE has been involved in research intended to examine more thoroughly the economic value of medical research in the UK. Understanding and maximising the value includes consideration of both direct and indirect returns when deciding research policies. Taking account of spillovers is essential. Over the past four years, OHE has
- [Analysing Hospital Variation at the Level of EQ-5D Dimensions](https://www.ohe.org/news/analysing-hospital-variation-level-eq-5d-dimensions/) - Measuring and publishing hospital data on achieved health outcomes is becoming routine in many health care systems. League tables of hospital quality – based on post-surgical survival rates, for example - are used to highlight variation in performance across providers. These measures, however, reveal little about the health of the vast majority of patients and
- [New: Pay-for-Performance for Drugs and Incentives for Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-pay-performance-drugs-and-incentives-innovation/) - Interest is growing in schemes that involve “paying for pills by results”, that is, “paying for performance” rather than merely “paying for pills”. Despite its intuitive appeal, this approach is is highly controversial and is disliked by many health care providers, policy makers, and pharmaceutical companies. Interest is growing in schemes that involve “paying for
- [Allocating Resources Based on “Happiness” - OHE Lunchtime Seminar](https://www.ohe.org/news/allocating-resources-based-happiness-ohe-lunchtime-seminar/) - OHE’s invitational lunchtime seminar held March 14th featured the research of Prof Paul Dolan of the LSE on using measures of subjective wellbeing – “happiness” – as the bases for health care resource allocation decisions. OHE’s invitational lunchtime seminar held March 14th featured the research of Prof Paul Dolan of the LSE on using measures
- [Spotlight on OHE: Valuing Spillovers, End-of-Life Decisions and Hospital Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-valuing-spillovers-end-life-decisions-and-hospital-outcomes/) - OHE's outside activities in early 2012 focused on spillovers, HTA decision making, and measuring health outcomes. During January and February 2012, OHE was active in a number of forums and in all three of its main areas of research. The economic benefits of research on medicines, inside and outside the pharmaceutical industry, extend far beyond
- [Can lessons from valuing health be useful in valuing development aid?](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-lessons-valuing-health-be-useful-valuing-development-aid/) - Measuring and evaluating the impact of development aid is a perennial challenge. Various approaches have been tried. Since many have been aimed at donor needs and objectives, whether or not they adequately reflect improvement in the daily lives of the target population is open to question. Measuring and evaluating the impact of development aid is
- [Overview of the Economics of the Market for Medicines in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/overview-economics-market-medicines-uk/) - OHE's Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Economics at City University London. As part of his 2012 activities, he recently gave a comprehensive lecture on the economics of the market for medicines in the UK. OHE's Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Economics at City
- [New: 50 Years of OHE Publications Are Available Online](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-50-years-ohe-publications-are-available-online/) - Today we celebrate OHE’s 2 April 1962 founding with the launch of our new archival website, ohematerials.org. This site contains OHE’s publications from 1962-2002. The most recent ten years of publications can be found on our main site, ohe.org. Today we celebrate OHE’s 2 April 1962 founding with the launch of our new archival website,
- [Join OHE for Its 50th Anniversary Annual Lecture with Sir Michael Rawlins](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-ohe-its-50th-anniversary-annual-lecture-sir-michael-rawlins/) - Every year, OHE sponsors a lecture by an eminent economist or clinician that addresses an important current issue. Sir Michael Rawlins Every year, OHE sponsors a lecture by an eminent economist or clinician that addresses an important current issue. This year we are pleased to welcome Prof. Sir Michael Rawlins, who argues against reliance on randomized
- [New: Assessing the Performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMS Programme](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-assessing-performance-eq-vas-nhs-proms-programme/) - The NHS Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme, introduced in April 2009, is a significant development in the routine collection and use of patient reported outcome data. Currently, data are collected from patients both before and after surgery for four elective surgical procedures in the NHS, with plans to expand the practice. The NHS Patient
- [The Tougher the Better: The Effect of GP Performance Thresholds in Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/tougher-better-effect-gp-performance-thresholds-scotland/) - General Practitioners (GPs) in the NHS are paid based on a mix of factors, including a pay-for-performance element, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), which was introduced in 2004. QOF rewards GPs based on performance on specific indicators. Yan Feng General Practitioners (GPs) in the NHS are paid based on a mix of factors, including a
- [New Research on VBP: Disease Severity and Unmet Need in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-research-vbp-disease-severity-and-unmet-need-uk/) - The UK Department of Health’s value based pricing (VBP) Consultation Document proposes a process whereby higher prices would be granted to medicines that tackle diseases that produce the greatest burdens of illness – i.e. those diseases that are most severe or are associated with the greatest unmet need. Koonal ShahThe UK Department of Health’s value
- [Can and Should Value Based Pricing Be Applied to Molecular Diagnostics?](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-and-should-value-based-pricing-be-applied-molecular-diagnostics/) - Just out is an OHE Research Paper that examines the issues. The authors note that diagnostics not only facilitate health gain and cost savings, but also provide information to inform patients’ decisions on interventions and to clarify how their behaviour may affect their health in future. Martina Garau Just out is an OHE Research Paper that
- [For Your Information: Cookies Opt-In Coming in Late May 2012](https://www.ohe.org/news/your-information-cookies-opt-coming-late-may-2012/) - Visitors to the main OHE website, ohe.org, and the archived publications site, ohematerials.org, will experience something new beginning on or about 25 May 2012. Under EU/UK regulations, all websites based in the UK now must ask visitors to agree to accept cookies. Visitors to the main OHE website, ohe.org, and the archived publications site, ohematerials.org,
- [Time Trends in NICE HTA Decision Making: Setting the Record Straight](https://www.ohe.org/news/time-trends-nice-hta-decision-making-setting-record-straight/) - The Daily Mail front page article of 16 May 2012, ‘New cancer drugs held up by the NHS for nine years’ purports to draw, as its source, from a report by the Office of Health Economics. The Daily Mail article is misleading and inaccurate in several key respects, and misrepresents the purpose and results of
- [OHE has an Opening for an Economist -- Consultancy and Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-has-opening-economist-consultancy-and-research/) - OHE is seeking a highly motivated and energetic economist to contribute to its research and consultancy activities. OHE is seeking a highly motivated and energetic economist to contribute to its research and consultancy activities. Our work covers a broad range of analyses into the economics and policy of: (1) health care systems, (2) pharmaceutical and
- [NICE’s Social Value Judgments: A Closer Look at Progress](https://www.ohe.org/news/nices-social-value-judgments-closer-look-progress/) - Now out as a “FirstView” article in Health Economics, Policy and Law is an important analysis on the inclusion of social value judgments in NICE guidance, co-authored by OHE’s Koonal Shah with Richard Cookson and Tony Culyer of CHE, and Peter Littlejohns of King’s College. Koonal Shah Now out as a “FirstView” article in Health Economics,
- [HTAinSite: Recent Changes in the Database of NICE Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/htainsite-recent-changes-database-nice-decisions/) - HTAinSiteImagine being able to find, in ONE minute or less, which NICE Technology Assessments (TAs) make specific reference to QALY thresholds of £20,000 or £30,000, for example, or to risk sharing, or patient access schemes. This is possible using HTAinSite -- a unique resource of information on NICE Technology Appraisal decisions and the evidence used
- [New Seminar Briefing: Is Pharmaceutical R&D Experiencing a Productivity Crisis?](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-seminar-briefing-pharmaceutical-rd-experiencing-productivity-crisis/) - Just published are the results of an OHE Lunchtime Seminar given by Prof Riccaboni, from the University of Trento. In this publication, he explores whether R&D productivity in the pharmaceutical industry has declined and, if so, why. Just published are the results of an OHE Lunchtime Seminar given by Prof Riccaboni, from the University of
- [Prospective Observational Studies: Whether, When and How to Use](https://www.ohe.org/news/prospective-observational-studies-whether-when-and-how-use/) - OHE’s Adrian Towse is co-author on the recent report by the ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force on assessing comparative effectiveness using prospective observational studies. Prof Towse OHE’s Adrian Towse is co-author on the recent report by the ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force on assessing comparative effectiveness using prospective observational studies.The demand for comparative data,
- [New OHE Consulting Report Explores the Many Faces of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-consulting-report-explores-many-faces-innovation/) - Now available from the OHE website, this report provides a clear explanation of the complex nature of innovation in medicines. A fully revised and expanded version of the 2005 edition of The Many Faces of Innovation, it updates the review of the literature on the economics of innovation, traces important innovation that has occurred since
- [Register Now: SMEs as a Source of Innovation - OHE Lunchtime Seminar, 4 July](https://www.ohe.org/news/register-now-smes-source-innovation-ohe-lunchtime-seminar-4-july/) - In response to the R&D productivity crisis affecting the pharmaceutical industry, "big pharma" is seeking to source therapeutics from small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In this seminar, Dr Michael Hopkins of the University of Sussex will discuss his research tracking the SMEs that have played a part in projects reaching late stage clinical trials.
- [Save the Date: Drug Development in 2022, OHE’s 50th Anniversary Conference](https://www.ohe.org/news/save-date-drug-development-2022-ohes-50th-anniversary-conference/) - The Economics of Drug Development in 2022 On 8 October, 2012, in celebration of its 50th anniversary, OHE will be holding an important conference to consider what drug development may look like ten years hence, in 2022. The conference will be held in London on Monday, 8 October 2012. The Economics of Drug Development in
- [Register Now: OHE Lunchtime Seminar on Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/register-now-ohe-lunchtime-seminar-innovation/) - In response to the R&D productivity crisis affecting the pharmaceutical industry, "big pharma" is seeking to source therapeutics from small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In this seminar, Dr Michael Hopkins of the University of Sussex will discuss his research tracking the SMEs that have played a part in projects reaching late stage clinical trials.
- [Register Now for the OHE Conference on Drug Development in 2022](https://www.ohe.org/news/register-now-ohe-conference-drug-development-2022/) - Throughout its 50-year history, OHE has been a leader in contributing to the understanding of important trends in health care and in the life science industries, in the UK and outside. This conference, which celebrates OHE’s 50th anniversary, will explore current and emerging critical changes in the science, organisation and economics of drug discovery and
- [OHE Models Future UK Medicines Spending for the ABPI](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-models-future-uk-medicines-spending-abpi/) - The Office of Health Economics has developed and run a model for the ABPI to project UK NHS expenditure on medicines. On 2 July, the ABPI released its projections for UK NHS medicines spending in the years to 2015 based on our model. The Office of Health Economics has developed and run a model for
- [Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz Appointed Director of Consulting at OHE](https://www.ohe.org/news/jorge-mestre-ferrandiz-appointed-director-consulting-ohe/) - Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz has been named Director of Consulting at OHE, a position newly created in response to the continuing growth of OHE Consulting. Dr. Mestre-Ferrandiz Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz has been named Director of Consulting at OHE, a position newly created in response to the continuing growth of OHE Consulting. Jorge will be responsible for all aspects of
- [Spotlight on OHE: Development and Use of Measures of Health Worldwide](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-development-and-use-measures-health-worldwide/) - OHE team members have been active in a number of external seminars, conferences and workshops. These included gatherings of academic experts, discussions involving governments, and meetings organised by the pharmaceutical industry. OHE team members have been active in a number of external seminars, conferences and workshops. These included gatherings of academic experts, discussions involving governments,
- [OHE Conference on Drug Development in 2022: Update](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-conference-drug-development-2022-update/) - OHE has added important panelists and speakers to fill out the conference programme for The Challenges and Economics of Drug Development in 2022, scheduled for 8 October in London. The conference, which celebrates OHE’s 50th anniversary, will explore current and emerging critical changes in the science, organisation and economics of drug discovery and development. OHE
- [OHE Awarded £457K Grant on Measuring Public Preferences for Health States](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-awarded-457k-grant-measuring-public-preferences-health-states/) - OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin and Prof Ben van Hout of the University of Sheffield have been awarded a £457,000 grant from the Policy Research Programme (PRP) of the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) for research to produce an EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England. Prof Nancy Devlin OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin and Prof Ben van
- [Register Now for the OHE Conference on Drug Development in 2022](https://www.ohe.org/news/register-now-ohe-conference-drug-development-2022-0/) - What will drug development look like in 10 years’ time? How will regulatory policies and the global political and social environment shape it? How might policy choices affect the rate and direction of R&D? Which initiatives might help ensure that the UK will continue to host important R&D? These and other critical questions will be
- [OHE’s 50th Celebration: Publications on Tuberculosis Show Constancy and Change](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-50th-celebration-publications-tuberculosis-show-constancy-and-change/) - Between 1962 and 1998, OHE published more than 100 booklets on various diseases and conditions as part of a series on “current health problems”. The first and the last of the disease state papers were on the same illness: tuberculosis. The first paper, from 1962, was the OHE’s first publication; the second, the last in
- [OHE has an Opening for an Economist](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-has-opening-economist/) - OHE is seeking a highly motivated, energetic economist to contribute to its research and consultancy activities. Our work covers a broad range of analyses into the economics and policy of (1) health care systems, (2) pharmaceutical and other life sciences industries, and (3) health technology assessment. Applications must be received by Monday, 24 September 2012.
- [OHE Conference on the Future of Drug Development - Register Now](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-conference-future-drug-development-register-now/) - What will drug development look like in 10 years’ time? How will regulatory policies and the global political and social environment shape it? How might policy choices affect the rate and direction of R&D? Which initiatives might help ensure that the UK will continue to host important R&D? These and other critical questions will be
- [Spotlight on OHE: Recent Awards, Publications and Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-recent-awards-publications-and-presentations/) - This post reviews selected external OHE activities and publications from the past three months. Martina Garau AwardsKoonal Shah, Health Economist at OHE, has received the European 2012 Meeting Award for an Outstanding Presentation by a Young Investigator from the Society for Medical Decision Making for his paper, Valuing health at the end of life: An empirical
- [Advances in Oncology Modelling: Recent Results from POI Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/advances-oncology-modelling-recent-results-poi-research/) - OHE and the Pharmaceutical Oncology Initiative (POI) held a workshop to discuss and debate several key issues in oncology modelling. Participating were more than 50 experts from industry, academia and government. The focus of the workshop was three key technical challenges associated with using clinical trial data for anti-cancer medicines and adapting it, in an
- [Meeting the Challenges of Drug Development in 2022: Summary of OHE’s 50th Anniversary Conference](https://www.ohe.org/news/meeting-challenges-drug-development-2022-summary-ohes-50th-anniversary-conference/) - To celebrate its 50th Anniversary, OHE held a conference this week, The Challenges and Economics of Drug Development in 2022, which explored the likely evolution of the key aspects of drug development over the next ten years. The conference was attended by over 100 participants from the public and private sectors; speakers and panellists included
- [Competition in the NHS: Proceed with Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/competition-nhs-proceed-care/) - The role of competition in the NHS is again in the news. Sir David Nicholson, Chief Executive of both the NHS in England and the NHS Commissioning Board, voiced his concern at a Royal College of General Practitioners conference last week, saying: “It [competition] is very effective when it is used as a rifle shot
- [Join OHE in a Seminar to Discuss IP, Innovation and the Human Genome](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-ohe-seminar-discuss-ip-innovation-and-human-genome/) - In this OHE lunchtime seminar, Prof Heidi Williams of MIT will present the results of a recent paper using newly-collected data on the sequencing of the human genome by the public Human Genome Project and the private firm Celera to investigate how Celera's gene-level IP influenced subsequent scientific research and product development. Do intellectual property
- [Comparing Prescription Medicines Prices in the UK to Prices in Other Countries](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-prescription-medicines-prices-uk-prices-other-countries/) - Since 1996, in its yearly PPRS Report to Parliament, the Department of Health in England has published international price comparisons of branded medicines used in the primary care setting. The most recent PPRS Report contains comparisons for 2010. In a report just out, OHE Consulting updates these comparisons for the UK through 2011, using the
- [Tracking Changes in the Causes of Death in England and Wales](https://www.ohe.org/news/tracking-changes-causes-death-england-and-wales/) - OHE’s health and health care statistics service long has been respected as a source of reliable data. In an OHE Briefing just published, OHE uses this data to take a closer look at what has been responsible for changes in the causes of death in England and Wales. OHE’s health and health care statistics service
- [Future UK Medicines Spending: Four Nation Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/news/future-uk-medicines-spending-four-nation-analysis/) - In July, OHE released projections for medicines spending in the UK NHS for 2012‒2015. We have now completed further projections, also for the ABPI, for each of the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales). In July, OHE released projections for medicines spending in the UK NHS for 2012‒2015. We have now completed
- [Collected Essays by Tony Culyer on Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/news/collected-essays-tony-culyer-health-economics/) - Just released is a collection of essays by Prof Tony Culyer, a founding father of health economics whose life’s work has been to bring clarity to health care decision making. The Humble Economist, published jointly by the University of York and the Office of Health Economics, is a distillation of Prof Culyer’s most important writings
- [Value Based Pricing in Sweden: Lessons for Design?](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-based-pricing-sweden-lessons-design/) - OHE has just published a Seminar Briefing by Ulf Persson, head of the Swedish Institute of Health Economics, which reviews experience with the Swedish value based pricing (VBP) system. Prof Persson is a member of the board of the TLV, which is the health technology assessment (HTA) agency in Sweden. OHE has just published a
- [New Study of Time Lags in Translating Medical Research into Practice](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-study-time-lags-translating-medical-research-practice/) - One of the greatest challenges in biomedical and health research is ensuring that research findings are translated effectively and without undue delay from ‘bench to bedside’. As previous analysis has made clear, the time that elapses between discoveries in medical research and adoption in practice is important. Longer time lags mean a lower rate of
- [OHE Study on Pharmaceutical R&D Costs Released](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-study-pharmaceutical-rd-costs-released/) - How much it costs to research and develop a successful new medicine has been an important policy issue at least since the 1960s. Cost estimates matter not just because of intellectual curiosity or for industry understanding of its performance, but because they are a key aspect of the international debate about the reasonableness of pharmaceutical
- [New Findings: Public Attitudes Towards End-of-Life Treatment in England and Wales](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-findings-public-attitudes-towards-end-life-treatment-england-and-wales/) - In 2009, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued supplementary advice that its Appraisal Committees are to consider when assessing treatments that extend life at the end of life. The policy places additional weight on the survival benefits for a small numbers of patients with terminal illnesses and short life expectancies.
- [New Research by OHE and University of Glasgow on cost of QALYs in Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-research-ohe-and-university-glasgow-cost-qalys-scotland/) - New health care technologies often improve health but also increase costs. Judging whether they are good value for money involves comparing what QALYs are gained from new technologies, compared to what QALYs could be gained by using those same resources elsewhere in the NHS. This "opportunity cost" is the key consideration behind NICE's cost effectiveness
- [Spotlight on OHE: Measurement and Valuation of Health Using PROMs](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-measurement-and-valuation-health-using-proms/) - The OHE continues to play a central role in the development and use of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs). The last quarter of 2012 was characteristically busy. The OHE continues to play a central role in the development and use of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs). The last quarter of 2012 was characteristically busy.In September, OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin,
- [Spotlight on OHE: Value Based Pricing and New Technologies](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-value-based-pricing-and-new-technologies/) - The OHE has been very active in conceptualising approaches incorporating a broader assessment of the elements of value (often called "value based pricing" or "VBP"), as its publications to date illustrate. During the last quarter of 2012, OHE has been active in discussions of VBP in a variety of forums. The OHE has been very
- [Best Wishes for the New Year!](https://www.ohe.org/news/best-wishes-new-year/)
- [Spotlight on OHE: Making Health Care Choices and Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-making-health-care-choices-and-decisions/) - OHE’s research and consulting captures a range of key issues that affect how health care systems are organised and how decisions are made within them. For example, how far to incorporate competition in the provision of NHS-funded health care in England was the focus of the OHE Commission on Competition, which published its report in
- [New Pilot Study: Capturing Public Preferences about Health Care Priorities](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-pilot-study-capturing-public-preferences-about-health-care-priorities/) - The proposals from the UK Department of Health (DH) for value based pricing (VBP) include a process whereby higher prices would be granted to medicines that tackle the most burdensome diseases – i.e. those that are most severe or are associated with the greatest unmet need. The DH’s VBP consultation document defines unmet need in
- [R&D Cost Drivers to be Explained by OHE Expert](https://www.ohe.org/news/rd-cost-drivers-be-explained-ohe-expert/) - Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, lead author on OHE's recent report on the cost of developing new drugs, will be discussing the important cost drivers at an upcoming UCL Vision seminar in London on 29 January. Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, lead author on OHE's recent report on the cost of developing new drugs, will be discussing the important cost drivers
- [Join OHE on Twitter, LinkedIn and SlideShare](https://www.ohe.org/news/join-ohe-twitter-linkedin-and-slideshare/) - Keeping up with the latest important information is a constant challenge -- made both easier and more difficult by the explosion in communication avenues. To ensure that OHE news is there when you need it, we have launched three new services. We invite you to follow us! Keeping up with the latest important information is
- [Changes in Determining Medicines Pricing in France, Germany and the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/changes-determining-medicines-pricing-france-germany-and-uk/) - New requirements for health technology assessment in Europe have important implications for markets and for access to new medicines. At a recent conference, OHE’s Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz summarised changes implemented or being discussed in pricing and reimbursement/HTA systems in France, Germany and the UK. New requirements for health technology assessment in Europe have important implications for
- [Overview of the OHE Study on the Cost of Drug Development Presented](https://www.ohe.org/news/overview-ohe-study-cost-drug-development-presented/) - OHE's Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz reviewed the results of OHE's recent study on the R&D cost of developing a new drug at a seminar at University College London. Released in December 2012, the study's purpose was to capture and examine in one place the important research on the cost of drug development that had been published over
- [New OHE Study Compares Decisions by Five HTA Agencies on Oncology Meds](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-study-compares-decisions-five-hta-agencies-oncology-meds/) - Just out in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care is an important new study that reviews appraisals of breast cancer and colorectal cancer medicines by HTA agencies in a selection of industrialised countries: Australia, Canada, France, Scotland, and the United Kingdom (England and Wales). The aims of the study are to identify
- [EQ-5D Index Clustering: Causes and Implications for Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/eq-5d-index-clustering-causes-and-implications-health-care/) - In a paper presented at the January 2013 Health Economics Study Group meeting, David Parkin of the NHS and OHE’s Nancy Devlin and Yan Feng examined what may cause the two-cluster shape of EQ-5D indexes. This is important because these indexes are used widely in other analyses that affect health care resource decisions. In a
- [New Research: Achieving Efficient Prices for Drugs in a Global Context](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-research-achieving-efficient-prices-drugs-global-context/) - With Prof Patricia Danzon of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, OHE's Adrian Towse and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz have released an important working paper that addresses how to achieve efficient pricing for pharmaceuticals within and across countries. With Prof Patricia Danzon of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, OHE’s Adrian Towse and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz have released
- [Spotlight on OHE: Understanding Value Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-understanding-value-based-pricing/) - Value based pricing (VBP) is increasingly common in health care systems worldwide. OHE continues to make important contributions to the debate about VBP approaches and application through its research, publications and participation in discussions. For example, Adrian Towse was invited to participate in a January conference on translation genomics—the conversion of genomic insights into clinically
- [In Memoriam: George Teeling Smith, OHE’s First Director](https://www.ohe.org/news/memoriam-george-teeling-smith-ohes-first-director/) - Professor George Teeling Smith OBE, who set up the Office of Health Economics in 1962 and served as its Director for three decades, died unexpectedly on 28 January 2013. OHE would not exist but for George, nor would it have thrived for 50 years without his foresight in establishing OHE with the Policy Board and
- [Review of Plans for Refining Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures](https://www.ohe.org/news/review-plans-refining-patient-reported-outcomes-measures/) - At a recent meeting of the Pharmaceutical Onology Initiative’s (POI) HTA group, OHE’s Nancy Devlin provided an overview of the EuroQol Group’s scientific research agenda for the coming year and plans for the EQ-5D-5L approach to measuring patient-reported outcomes of care. At a recent meeting of the Pharmaceutical Onology Initiative’s (POI[1]) HTA group, OHE’s Nancy
- [Does Free Personal Care for the Elderly Reduce Informal Caregiving?](https://www.ohe.org/news/does-free-personal-care-elderly-reduce-informal-caregiving/) - Debates about whether to increase state assistance to the elderly have included concerns that this could reduce the amount of care from such personal caregivers, producing a limited net benefit. In a new research paper released today, OHE’s Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer undertakes a comprehensive analysis based on a “natural experiment”: the introduction of free personal
- [Reasons for Discontinuation of R&D Projects: Lead and Follow-on Indications](https://www.ohe.org/news/reasons-discontinuation-rd-projects-lead-and-follow-indications/) - The reasons for discontinuation of R&D projects in the biopharmaceutical industry are often a matter of conjecture. In a recent presentation to the 25th Annual EuroMeeting of the Drug Information Association (DIA), OHE's Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz presented the results of OHE research into R&D discontinuations. The reasons for discontinuation of R&D projects in the biopharmaceutical industry
- [OHE has a Fixed-Term Opening for an Economist](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-has-fixed-term-opening-economist/) - OHE is recruiting a highly motivated, experienced and energetic economist on a fixed term contract to contribute to its core activities. Applications must be received by Friday, 12 April. OHE is recruiting a highly motivated, experienced and energetic economist on a fixed term contract to contribute to its core activities. The economist will undertake and present
- [OHE This Week: BioWales 2013, UK Medicines Market and EQ-5D in Asia](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-week-biowales-2013-uk-medicines-market-and-eq-5d-asia/) - 19 March: Jon Sussex will be at BioWales 2013 speaking on the health and wider economic benefits of life sciences research. 21 March: Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz will give his updated annual presentation on the economics of the market for medicines at City College in London. 21/22 March: Nancy Devlin will be in Singapore with EuroQol colleagues.
- [Realising the Value of Medical Research: Health and Economic Benefits](https://www.ohe.org/news/realising-value-medical-research-health-and-economic-benefits/) - OHE’s Jon Sussex is spoke today on the value of medical research at the 2013 BioWales conference, one of the UK’s largest life sciences conferences. Celebrating its eleventh year, this conference focuses on the links between NHS, industry and academia in delivering tomorrow’s health solutions. Jon’s presentation examined the value of medical research, which involves
- [The Economics of the Market for Medicines: 2013 Review](https://www.ohe.org/news/economics-market-medicines-2013-review/) - OHE’s Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz is a visiting lecturer in the Department of Economics at City University London. As part of his 2013 activities, he recently gave a comprehensive lecture on the economics of the market for medicines in the UK. His presentation covers the key issues, from drug development through health technology assessment and market
- [OHE Presents at Two Key Workshops on Use of EQ-5D in HTA Across Asia](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-presents-two-key-workshops-use-eq-5d-hta-across-asia/) - OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin presented at two key workshops held for researchers and HTA policy makers from across Asia. The workshops were organised by Prof Nan Luo, National University of Singapore, in collaboration with the EuroQol Group. OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin presented at two key workshops held for researchers and HTA policy makers from across
- [OHE Welcomes David Parkin as a Visiting Researcher](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-david-parkin-visiting-researcher/) - OHE is delighted to welcome Prof David Parkin as a visiting researcher at OHE over the coming months. A long-standing member of the EuroQol Group, Prof Parkin's expertise will provide valuable insights for OHE's current research programme around EQ-5D topics. OHE is delighted to welcome Prof David Parkin as a visiting researcher at OHE over
- [OHE Develops New, Bottom-Up Model for Forecasting UK Medicines Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-develops-new-bottom-model-forecasting-uk-medicines-expenditure/) - Medicines account for less than 10% of total NHS expenditure in the UK. Because spending on medicines is easy to separate out, however, this sector continues to come under particular scrutiny in efforts to manage costs. Forecasting spending on medicines can be useful in planning NHS resource allocation. Medicines account for less than 10% of
- [Lunchtime Seminar: Capturing Preferences about Treatment at the End of Life](https://www.ohe.org/news/lunchtime-seminar-capturing-preferences-about-treatment-end-life/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah is a co-investigator in research intended to define public preferences about allocating health care resources to patients who are at the end of life. In late March, OHE hosted a Lunchtime Seminar that examined both the approach and the results of research to date. OHE’s Koonal Shah is a co-investigator in research
- [OHE is Recruiting a Head of Health Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-head-health-statistics/) - OHE is recruiting a highly motivated, experienced and energetic statistician to head its statistics function and contribute to its core activities. Applications must be received by Wednesday, 8 May 2013. OHE is recruiting a highly motivated, experienced and energetic statistician to head its statistics function and contribute to its core activities.The Head of Statistics is
- [Performance-Based Risk Sharing in Health Care: Current Status](https://www.ohe.org/news/performance-based-risk-sharing-health-care-current-status/) - Performance-based risk sharing arrangements for prescription medicines and other treatments are attractive to payers because they promise to base what is paid for a treatment on whether/how well it actually works. Programmes typically include data collection and either implicitly or explicitly link pricing, reimbursement and/or revenue to what the data show. Performance-based risk sharing arrangements
- [Valuing Co-Dependent Medical Technologies: Improving Methods and Processes](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-co-dependent-medical-technologies-improving-methods-and-processes/) - Advances in science and technology are producing more and better means for diagnosing disease, matching patients to the best therapies, and tracking the progress of treatment. The potential impact of using diagnostic and therapeutic tests in tandem with treatment—“co-dependent technologies”—potentially can maximise both treatment effectiveness and economic efficiency. Advances in science and technology are producing
- [OHE’s Towse on Quality Standards in the ‘New’ English NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-towse-quality-standards-new-english-nhs/) - The 2013 conference of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) addressed the challenges and opportunities presented by the recent changes in the NHS. Understanding quality, and setting and meeting standards for quality, are essential going forwards. At the conference, OHE’s Adrian Towse reviewed the experiences and concerns that have shaped the approach to
- [NICE Decisions: Exploring the Influence of Cost-Effectiveness and Other Factors](https://www.ohe.org/news/nice-decisions-exploring-influence-cost-effectiveness-and-other-factors/) - OHE presents a series of lunchtime seminars throughout the year. The most recent seminar, held in late April, considered the influence of cost-effectiveness and other factors on NICE decisions. OHE presents a series of lunchtime seminars throughout the year. The most recent seminar, held in late April, considered the influence of cost-effectiveness and other factors
- [OHE Welcomes Professors Rawlins and Smith to its Policy Board](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-professors-rawlins-and-smith-its-policy-board/) - Composed of academics and thought leaders from within and outside of the UK, OHE’s Policy Board has provided advice and guidance to the OHE on its research programmes since the 1960s. In April, Professor Sir Michael Rawlins and Professor Peter C Smith joined the group. Composed of academics and thought leaders from within and outside
- [Valuing Orphan Medicines Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-orphan-medicines-using-multi-criteria-decision-analysis/) - OHE has just released a research paper that describes an experimental study intended to test whether and how a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach can be applied to orphan medicinal products (OMPs). OHE has just released a research paper that describes an experimental study intended to test whether and how a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
- [OHE’s Adrian Towse is ISPOR President-Elect for 2013-14](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-adrian-towse-ispor-president-elect-2013-14/) - OHE’s Director, Professor Adrian Towse, has been elected President of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) for the 2014–15 term and will serve on the ISPOR Board of Directors as President-elect during 2013-14. OHE’s Director, Professor Adrian Towse, has been elected President of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR)
- [Exploring the Link Between Health and Wealth in Government Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/news/exploring-link-between-health-and-wealth-government-decision-making/) - Traditionally, decision makers both within and outside the health sector have thought of the value of health interventions primarily in terms of reduced morbidity or mortality. Health care, however, produces wealth effects outside the health care sector—for example, improvement in labour productivity for both patients and caregivers, cost savings in health and social care and
- [Contracting for Quality in the NHS is the Topic of OHE's 20th Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/news/contracting-quality-nhs-topic-ohes-20th-annual-lecture/) - Professor Alan Maynard of the University of York, who will speak on Contracting for Quality in the NHS: Putting the Francis Report in Perspective. Last year's annual lecture On the evening of 16 July 2013, OHE will welcome Professor Alan Maynard of the University of York, who will speak on Contracting for Quality in the NHS: Putting the
- [OHE's Towse on Challenges in Valuing Genomic Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-towse-challenges-valuing-genomic-medicines/) - In this video, Adrian Towse discusses the challenges and importance of appropriately valuing genomic medicine. He addresses both gene therapies and “pharmacogenomics” -- those medicines that will allow targeted, precision treatment. In this video, Adrian Towse discusses the challenges and importance of appropriately valuing genomic medicine. He addresses both gene therapies and “pharmacogenomics” -- those
- [19th Annual Lecture: What Constitutes Credible Evidence of Effectiveness?](https://www.ohe.org/news/19th-annual-lecture-what-constitutes-credible-evidence-effectiveness/) - Since 1993, OHE has hosted an annual lecture given by an eminent economist or clinician on an important current issue. In 2012, Professor Sir Michael Rawlins spoke on challenges and concepts in developing evidence of effectiveness. Since 1993, OHE has hosted an annual lecture given by an eminent economist or clinician on an important current
- [OHE’s Devlin on Using the EQ-5D to Measure Patients’ Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-devlin-using-eq-5d-measure-patients-outcomes/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has researched, written and spoken widely on the use of the EQ-5D, and related measures, both in her capacity as the Director of Research at the OHE and as Chair of the Executive Committee of the EuroQol Group. In May, Nancy was invited to participate in the “Workshop on measuring patient-reported
- [Critical Factors Affecting Pharmaceutical R&D and the Availability of New Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/news/critical-factors-affecting-pharmaceutical-rd-and-availability-new-drugs/) - Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, OHE's Director of Consulting, was a recent guest lecturer at Imperial College London. His comprehensive presentation covered the gamut of issues that influence the rate and direction of R&D for medicines, including regulatory approval requirements, the patent system, the economics of R&D, the roles of the public and private sectors, “push” and
- [OHE at AES: Medicines Prices in the UK, Health Inequalities in Costa Rica](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-aes-medicines-prices-uk-health-inequalities-costa-rica/) - OHE’s participation at the 33rd Meeting of the Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) last week reported the results of four research projects. Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, OHE’s Director of Consulting, presented OHE’s recent research on projecting medicines expenditures in the NHS using a bottom-up, rather than a top-down, approach. OHE’s participation at the 33rd Meeting of the
- [OHE at HESG: Informal Caregiving and Valuing End-of-Life Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-informal-caregiving-and-valuing-end-life-care/) - The Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) was founded in 1972 to support and promote the work of health economists. Its members are from academic, commercial, and government settings. The purpose of HESG is to transmit knowledge and ideas, ranging from the theoretical to very practical policy issues. The Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) was founded
- [Defining Innovation in Medicines and Transforming it into Value](https://www.ohe.org/news/defining-innovation-medicines-and-transforming-it-value/) - In June, OHE’s Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz participated as a speaker at the Summer Course on the Evaluation of Medicines at the University of Alcalá in Spain. His presentation discussed the nature of innovation in general and the incremental nature of pharmaceutical innovation in particular. In June, OHE’s Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz participated as a speaker at the Summer
- [Forecasting the Challenges and Economics of Drug Development in 2022](https://www.ohe.org/news/forecasting-challenges-and-economics-drug-development-2022/) - A new publication from the Office of Health Economics captures the views of thought leaders from around the world about the scientific and economic climate for drug development by 2022. Based on OHE’s 50th anniversary conference, it reflects the perspectives of payers, regulatory and HTA agencies, academia, the non-profit sector and the biopharmaceutical industry. A
- [OHE Involved in Developing New AMS Report on Stratified Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-involved-developing-new-ams-report-stratified-medicines/) - Professor Adrian Towse, OHE’s Director, joined Professor Sir John Bell and Professor Andrew Morris at the Science Media Centre last week to launch Realising the Potential of Stratified Medicine, a new report by the UK’s Academy of Medical Sciences. Adrian and Professor Lou Garrison, OHE Visiting Senior Research Fellow, were two of a dozen experts
- [Prof Maynard on Ensuring Quality in the NHS: Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/news/prof-maynard-ensuring-quality-nhs-annual-lecture/) - Following allegations of seriously substandard care, the Secretary of State for Health in England announced, in June 2010, that a public inquiry into the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust would be undertaken, chaired by Robert Francis QC (a lawyer). The “Francis report”, issued in February 2013, contains 290 recommendations meant to apply across the NHS.
- [Measuring the Relationship Between Health and Subjective Well-being](https://www.ohe.org/news/measuring-relationship-between-health-and-subjective-well-being/) - Significantly increases of wealth and health in the Western world over the past 50 years do not appear to have produced an equivalent increase in societal happiness, at least not using traditional measures. As a result, policy makers now are looking more closely at alternative ways of measuring the welfare of society, including measures of
- [What Is the Role of Cost-Effectiveness Evidence in US Health Care?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-role-cost-effectiveness-evidence-us-health-care/) - At an OHE seminar last week, Dr James Chambers of Tufts Medical School examined the role cost-effectiveness evidence plays in health care resource allocation in the US and the potential value of expanding that. At an OHE seminar last week, Dr James Chambers of Tufts Medical School examined the role cost-effectiveness evidence plays in health
- [OHE at iHEA: HTA in Emerging Markets, Personalised Medicine, EQ-5D mapping](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ihea-hta-emerging-markets-personalised-medicine-eq-5d-mapping/) - OHE was involved in several sessions at the 9th World Congress of the International Heath Economics Association (iHEA). Prof Adrian Towse, OHE’s Director, and Prof Lou Garrison, OHE Visiting Senior Research Fellow for 2012-13 and a professor at the University of Washington, took part in a session focusing on barriers to utilisation and delivery of
- [Special Issue of EJHE Examines Progress on Refinement of the EQ-5D](https://www.ohe.org/news/special-issue-ejhe-examines-progress-refinement-eq-5d/) - Just released online [open access] is a special issue of the European Journal of Health Economics on the development of new research methods for the valuation of EQ-5D-5L. It is co-edited by OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Professor Paul Krabbe of the University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen. Both are active members of the EuroQol
- [ISPOR Task Force Report on Performance-Based Risk-Sharing Arrangements](https://www.ohe.org/news/ispor-task-force-report-performance-based-risk-sharing-arrangements/) - Best practices for performance-based risk-sharing arrangements in health care are described in detail in this new ISPOR report, developed by a task force co-chaired by Professor Lou Garrison, University of Washington and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the OHE, and Professor Adrian Towse, Director of the OHE. The report appeared in late August in Value
- [Third Edition of OHE's Guide to Health Economic Evaluation Released](https://www.ohe.org/news/third-edition-ohes-guide-health-economic-evaluation-released/) - OHE today released the third edition of its popular primer, Health Economics: An Introduction to Economic Evaluation, authored by Gisela Kobelt, who has extensive hands-on experience in the field. What distinguishes this book from other such reviews are the fifteen concrete study examples that focus on pharmaceuticals The book traces the development of the field
- [Dr Fraser Lewis Joins OHE as Head of Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/news/dr-fraser-lewis-joins-ohe-head-statistics/) - OHE is pleased to announce that biostatistician Dr Fraser Lewis has joined the team as Head of Statistics, leading our statistical research, consultancy and advisory activities. Fraser's principal areas of expertise are in statistical modelling of data from biomedical studies. His particular interests include methods of analyzing data from observational studies and graphical multivariate modelling
- [Initial Findings from Research on an EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England](https://www.ohe.org/news/initial-findings-research-eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - Four papers presented at the EuroQol Plenary discussed preliminary findings. As reported earlier, OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin and Prof Ben van Hout of the University of Sheffield were awarded a £457,000 grant from the Policy Research Programme (PRP) of the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) for research on an EQ-5D-5L value set for
- [Published: OHE Study Projecting UK Medicines Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/news/published-ohe-study-projecting-uk-medicines-expenditure/) - This research varies from other analyses in using a product-level, rather than a macro, approach. PharmacoEconomics has just published OHE’s study projecting medicines expenditure in the UK to 2015. ( The methodology for this research varies from earlier approaches in using a product-level, or “bottom-up”, approach, rather than a top-down, macro perspective. PharmacoEconomics has just
- [Seminar Updates Project on Time Lags in Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-updates-project-time-lags-medical-research/) - Progress on this important UK Medical Research Council project was discussed. A major challenge in biomedical and health research is ensuring that research findings are effectively and efficiently translated from “bench to bedside.” The time this takes is crucial in determining the rate of return from research investments. A major challenge in biomedical and health
- [Personalised Medicine: Economic Incentives for Evidence Generation](https://www.ohe.org/news/personalised-medicine-economic-incentives-evidence-generation/) - Four types of economic incentives for drugs and diagnostics are essential to encouraging more rapid progress in personalised medicine. Adrian Towse, OHE’s Director, and Lou Garrison, a professor at the University of Washington, summarise the critical economic issues in the development of evidence of value for drugs and diagnostics that are part of personalised medicine.
- [Updated: OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/news/updated-ohe-guide-uk-health-and-health-care-statistics/) - This respected compilation contains data on demographics, expenditures, hospitals and workforce, and health services. For nearly 40 years the OHE has been a specialist provider of data analytics to the health care and pharmaceutical sectors. The latest edition of the OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics is now available online, providing both
- [Groundbreaking EQ-5D Project Launched in the United Arab Emirates](https://www.ohe.org/news/groundbreaking-eq-5d-project-launched-united-arab-emirates/) - This project explores how existing valuation approaches can be adapted to the UAE culture. OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Koonal Shah have been working on-site in Abu Dhabi to establish a new programme to measure and value health in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Workshop launches new EQ-5D project in the UAEOHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin
- [Assessing Use of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs Programme](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-use-eq-vas-nhs-proms-programme/) - This research addresses two critical issues about the use of the EQ-VAS. A paper recently published in Quality of Life Research by OHE’s Nancy Devlin and Yan Feng with David Parkin, King’s College, London, describes research on the use of the EQ-VAS in the NHS Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme. [1] Feng, Y., Parkin, D.
- [OHE Study Projecting UK Medicines Expenditure Extended to 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-study-projecting-uk-medicines-expenditure-extended-2018/) - The extended analysis is outlined in the slide presentation in this post. PharmacoEconomics recently published OHE’s study projecting medicines expenditure in the UK to 2015. The PPRS 2014 Heads of Agreement was announced on 6 November 2013, which outlines the terms of the five-year deal between the pharmaceuctical industry and the government in the UK.
- [NICE Decisions: Cost-effectiveness is the Most Significant Predictor](https://www.ohe.org/news/nice-decisions-cost-effectiveness-most-significant-predictor/) - Using data for 1999-2011, this thorough analysis explores what has most influenced NICE's decisions and whether this has changed. Established in 1999, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) undertakes appraisals of selected technologies and issues guidance intended to ensure quality and value for money. Its decisions are binding within the NHS and
- [Mike Herdman Appointed as OHE’s Head of Health Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/mike-herdman-appointed-ohes-head-health-outcomes/) - OHE's extensive expertise in health outcomes will be further enhanced with the addition of Mike. OHE is delighted to announce the appointment of Mike Herdman as Head of Health Outcomes, a new position at OHE. Mike brings with him extensive experience in psychometrics and in the development and validation of quality of life instruments. OHE
- [Critique of Research Proposing to Lower NICE’s Cost-per-QALY Threshold to £12,936](https://www.ohe.org/news/critique-research-proposing-lower-nices-cost-qaly-threshold-12936/) - This paper counters recent research that recommended NICE lower its threshold from the current official £20,000-£30,000. Critique of CHE Research Paper 81: Methods for the Estimation of the NICE Cost Effectiveness Threshold The OHE has just published an Occasional Paper by Barnsley et al that counters the recently-published recommendation by Claxton et all that NICE
- [OHE Consulting Offers New Services in Patient-Reported Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-consulting-offers-new-services-patient-reported-outcomes/) - OHE Consulting is now offering our clients advice and analytical services on health outcomes and the use of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) data, building on the extensive programme of original research by OHE in this area. The OHE team is recognised internationally for its methodological work on health outcomes measurement, statistical issues in analysis of PRO
- [Using MCDA to Assess the Value of Treatments for Rare Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/news/using-mcda-assess-value-treatments-rare-diseases/) - A pilot study demonstrated the value of involving a range of stakeholders in MCDA for rare disease therapies. According to a study just published by the Office of Health Economics (OHE) and its collaborators, medicines for rare disease may be effectively valued using an innovative approach -- multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) -- that can include
- [Adjusting Patient Case Mix to Compare PROMs across Providers](https://www.ohe.org/news/adjusting-patient-case-mix-compare-proms-across-providers/) - The model reported in this publication aims at valid comparisons across providers, despite variations in patient populations. A number of arguments support the attractive notion of using actual health outcomes, as reported by patients themselves, as a core criterion in decisions about allocating health care resources A number of arguments support the attractive notion of
- [Inconsistent Use of Cost-effectiveness Thresholds in NHS Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/inconsistent-use-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-nhs-scotland/) - This study finds an apparent mismatch in the decision making approaches of the SMC and the NHS Boards. OHE today released a Research Paper on the use of QALY thresholds in NHS Scotland for health services that were "at the margin” in 2012–13, i.e. those for which investment or disinvestment was planned or occurred. The
- [Personalised Medicine and the Value of Molecular Diagnostics: Case Studies](https://www.ohe.org/news/personalised-medicine-and-value-molecular-diagnostics-case-studies/) - Progress in personalised medicine is slower than some had expected, partly because of the science and partly because of insufficient economic incentives, particularly for investing in molecular diagnostics. In this open-access publication, OHE’s Adrian Towse and his co-authors examine nine case studies of diagnostics that have been successful in advancing personalised medicine. Progress in personalised
- [OHE Welcomes Charlesworth and Mays to its Editorial Board](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-charlesworth-and-mays-its-editorial-board-0/) - Composed of academics and thought leaders from within and outside the UK, OHE’s Editorial Board has provided advice and guidance to the OHE's peer-reviewed publications programme since the 1960s. In January 2014, Anita Charlesworth, Chief Economist at the Nuffield Trust, and Professor Nicholas Mays, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, joined the Board. Composed
- [OHE at HESG: Value-based Assessment in the UK; Developing the EQ-5D-5L](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-value-based-assessment-uk-developing-eq-5d-5l/) - OHE's contributions focused on approaches to implementing UK value-based assessment and the details of creating an EQ-5D-5L value set for England. The Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG), based in the UK, was founded in 1972 to support and promote the work of health economists. Its members are from academic, commercial, and government settings. The Health
- [Contracting for Quality in the NHS: 20th Annual Lecture Publication](https://www.ohe.org/news/contracting-quality-nhs-20th-annual-lecture-publication-0/) - The key to effective and lasting quality improvement is better, not more, regulation. Professor Alan Maynard, University of York, delivered the 20th OHE Annual Lecture five months after release of the Francis Report, a public inquiry into serious failures in patient care at the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust. OHE’s Annual Lecture, given by Professor
- [Variations in Outcome and Costs in NHS Hospitals: Recent Report](https://www.ohe.org/news/variations-outcome-and-costs-nhs-hospitals-recent-report-0/) - Using innnovative econometric techniques, this report explores whether and how hospital outcomes and resource use are related for four common procedures. In a recent report[1], OHE’s Nancy Devlin and colleagues draw an important conclusion with respect to four common surgical procedures in NHS hospitals in England, that “ . . . no general evidence [shows]
- [Social Preferences and Burden of Illness in Value-based Assessments](https://www.ohe.org/news/social-preferences-and-burden-illness-value-based-assessments/) - This recent research is intended to inform changes in NICE's approach to assessing the value of medical technologies. Throughout the year, OHE presents a number of Lunchtime Seminars intended to discuss important current issues in health economics. On 30 January, OHE invited Dr Donna Rowen of the University of Sheffield to present her recent research
- [Benefiting from the Promise of Personalised Medicine: Recent OHE Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/news/benefiting-promise-personalised-medicine-recent-ohe-presentations/) - Focusing on England, these two presentations describe the core economic considerations in making the most of targeted therapy. OHE's Adrian Towse participated in a two-day workshop convened by the Biotherapy Development Association to discuss the process and problems that surround decisions about pricing and reimbursement for innovative oncology medicines in Europe. OHE's Adrian Towse participated
- [Pricing Variations Within and Across Countries: Gauging Efficiency](https://www.ohe.org/news/pricing-variations-within-and-across-countries-gauging-efficiency/) - This research explores which approaches to pricing can produce the greatest efficiency and access to medicines within and across countries. OHE collaborated on two articles published in the journal Health Economics recently. Professor Patricia Danzon OHE collaborated on two articles published in the journal Health Economics recently. In the first, OHE’s Adrian Towse and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz
- [Using Performance Thresholds to Affect GP Behaviour: Evidence from Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/using-performance-thresholds-affect-gp-behaviour-evidence-scotland/) - Whether and how a change in performance-related payment motivated change in GP behaviour in Scotland is investigated in a recent article by OHE’s Yan Feng and colleagues, Ada Ma (Hong Kong government), Shelley Farrar (University of Aberdeen) and Matt Sutton (University of Manchester). Whether and how a change in performance-related payment motivated change in GP
- [Defining the Complementarity of Medical Research Across Sectors in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/defining-complementarity-medical-research-across-sectors-uk/) - Under an MRC grant, OHE is collaborating to estimate in monetary terms the synergies of medical research spending in the UK by the pharma industry, charities and the public sector. With funding from an MRC grant[1], the OHE is collaborating with the King’s Policy Institute and RAND Europe on research that, for the first time,
- [OHE Models Incentives for Antibiotic Drug Development](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-models-incentives-antibiotic-drug-development/) - The OHE model takes into account the value to society of new antibiotics as well as the risks and rewards for payers and the entities developing the new drugs. A new model aimed at encouraging the development of new antibiotics was presented recently by OHE’s Chris Hoyle, who collaborated with Adrian Towse and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz
- [Use of Cost-effectiveness Evidence in US Health Care: Seminar Briefing](https://www.ohe.org/news/use-cost-effectiveness-evidence-us-health-care-seminar-briefing/) - Just published by OHE, this Seminar Briefing summarises remarks at an OHE Lunchtime Seminar by Dr James Chambers of the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health at Tufts Medical Center. Compared to many other countries, cost-effectiveness analysis plays a limited role in US health care. Just published by OHE, this Seminar
- [Biosimilars and HTA: Results of a Roundtable Discussion](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilars-and-hta-results-roundtable-discussion/) - Experts from the three UK HTA agencies, the MHRA, and academia discussed which HTA methods are most appropriate for biosimilars in specific situations. OHE convened a roundtable to discuss using HTA to assess biosimilars, including which methods are most appropriate in specific situations. Just published is an OHE Briefing that summarises that discussion. OHE convened
- [How Will Demands for Effectiveness Evidence Change Drug Development?](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-will-demands-effectiveness-evidence-change-drug-development/) - Interviews with 19 senior pharma execs suggest how and to what extent effectiveness research may be integrated into drug development. Changes in the clinical and economic milieu of health care systems worldwide are creating changes in the evidence required for both regulatory approval and reimbursement. Changes in the clinical and economic milieu of health care
- [Innovation in Oncology: Real Option Value and Path Dependence](https://www.ohe.org/news/innovation-oncology-real-option-value-and-path-dependence/) - Real Option Value and Path Dependence in Oncology Innovation. Based on an OHE Lunchtime Seminar, this Seminar Briefing addresses a persistent issue: how to adequately reward innovation through the pricing of new medicines given the limitations of the information available at launch. Based on an OHE Lunchtime Seminar, this Seminar Briefing addresses a persistent issue:
- [2014 Annual Lecture: Is Universal Health Care Coverage the Holy Grail?](https://www.ohe.org/news/2014-annual-lecture-universal-health-care-coverage-holy-grail/) - Join us on the evening of 9 June 2014 when OHE will welcome Professor Anne Mills of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine who will speak on Universal Health Care: the Holy Grail? Health services available to the whole population free of charge, and providing the best health advice and treatment, was the
- [The Expanding Value Footprint of Oncology Treatments](https://www.ohe.org/news/expanding-value-footprint-oncology-treatments/) - A new OHE Consulting Report examines the importance and history of HTA evaluations for additional uses for cancer drugs after their initial approval. The potential value of a new medicine is not likely to be fully known at the time of marketing approval. New uses can expand both the therapeutic and financial value of a
- [Orphan Drugs Policies: A Suitable Case for Treatment](https://www.ohe.org/news/orphan-drugs-policies-suitable-case-treatment/) - Towse and Drummond take a critical look at deficiencies in policy and suggest revisions. An editorial just published by OHE’s Adrian Towse and Michael Drummond of the University of York argues that current orphan drug policies are ‘not fit for purpose’ and discusses the issues that need to be clarified as the basis for policy
- [OHE’s Adrian Towse to Take Office as ISPOR President](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-adrian-towse-take-office-ispor-president/) - The challenge of globalisation heads Towse's list of four core targets for ISPOR. OHE’s Director, Adrian Towse, is President of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) for the 2014–15 term, beginning 1 July. His 3rd June incoming president's address to the plenary session at the 19th Annual International Meeting is reproduced below.
- [Implementing NICE Decisions in Wales: Opportunity Costs](https://www.ohe.org/news/implementing-nice-decisions-wales-opportunity-costs/) - Just out is a new Research Paper from OHE that examines how local NHS organisations in Wales adjust spending to accommodate ‘shocks’ such as new NICE mandates for covering specific technologies. By law, technologies recommended by NICE are to be funded within three months of publication of NICE’s technology appraisal (TA) decision. Just out is
- [Spotlight on OHE: NICE, Biosimilars, HTA](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-nice-biosimilars-hta/) - OHE’s active involvement in a number of recent conferences and meetings has contributed to discussions on a range of important issue in health economics. OHE’s active involvement in a number of recent conferences and meetings has contributed to discussions on a range of important issue in health economics. Changes in NICE decision makingThe consultation process for
- [OHE Consulting Report on the Trajectory of Dementia in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-consulting-report-trajectory-dementia-uk/) - Alzheimer’s Research UK commissioned OHE Consulting to model the growing prevalence and costs of dementia in the UK and the impact that new treatments could have were they to be introduced from 2020. Alzheimer’s Research UK commissioned OHE Consulting to model the growing prevalence and costs of dementia in the UK and the impact that
- [Interdependencies in Funding Medical Research in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/interdependencies-funding-medical-research-uk/) - Cancer Research UK has recently released a report completed for it by OHE and the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at the University of Sussex that focuses on the strength and nature of interdependence in the funding of cancer research. As earlier OHE research has demonstrated, sources of funding for medical research—public, charity and private
- [Spotlight on OHE: Competition in the NHS, HESG, Publications](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-competition-nhs-hesg-publications/) - Jon Sussex was a keynote speaker at the Capita conference on competition in health care held in June, where the audience was primarily from the NHS. Jon’s presentation summarised the state of provider competition in the NHS to date as well as national and international evidence about the impact of competition on quality. OHE was
- [Bengt Jönsson Honoured for Contribution to Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/news/bengt-jonsson-honoured-contribution-health-economics/) - Launched at a seminar in his honour May 2014, Portrait of a Health Economist: Essays by Colleagues and Friends of Bengt Jönsson is an impressive collection of essays commemorating Bengt’s lifetime contribution to health economics. He was one of the true pioneers in the field – his 1976 doctoral thesis was on cost-benefit analysis in
- [What Determines the Shape of an EQ-5D Index Distribution?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-determines-shape-eq-5d-index-distribution/) - In a new OHE Research Paper, OHE’s Nancy Devlin and Yan Feng join David Parkin from King’s College London in analysing characteristics of the EQ-5D indexing process that may obscure useful, and important, information about health states. Because the EQ-5D is one of the most used health-related quality of life instruments worldwide, it is crucial
- [Annual Lecture 2014: Is Universal Health Coverage the Holy Grail?](https://www.ohe.org/news/annual-lecture-2014-universal-health-coverage-holy-grail/) - Each year, the OHE sponsors a lecture that explores a timely issue in medicine or health economics. At the 22nd Annual Lecture, held in June 2014, the issues and challenges of universal health care coverage in low- and middle-income countries were presented by Professor Anne Mills of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
- [Generating EQ-5D-5L Values in the UAE with TTO and DCE: Initial Results](https://www.ohe.org/news/generating-eq-5d-5l-values-uae-tto-and-dce-initial-results/) - As reported in this blog in November 2013, OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Koonal Shah have been working on-site in Abu Dhabi to establish a new programme to measure and value health in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The project is being undertaken in collaboration with the United Arab Emirates University and Eli Lilly & Company, which is
- [Competition and Outcomes in the NHS: Hip Replacement](https://www.ohe.org/news/competition-and-outcomes-nhs-hip-replacement/) - Discussed yesterday at an OHE Lunchtime Seminar is a new journal article that explores the possible connection between hospital competition and outcomes for non-emergency hip replacement surgery in England.As the authors[i] note, ‘Health care reforms in England during the last decade have been influenced by the idea that encouraging competition between hospitals, with nationally fixed
- [Cost Savings from Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: OHE Consulting Report](https://www.ohe.org/news/cost-savings-treating-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-ohe-consulting-report/) - The British Lung Foundation commissioned OHE Consulting to undertake an analysis of the costs of obstructive sleep apnoea and the economic benefits of treating it. The results are summarised below.Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep because of a narrowing or closure of the pharyngeal airway. It produces episodes of
- [Spotlight on OHE: Innovation, Regulation and Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-innovation-regulation-and-antibiotics/) - OHE long has been involved in analysing the nature of innovation and the effects of regulation. Two recent OHE presentations address the core issues. OHE long has been involved in analysing the nature of innovation and the effects of regulation. Two recent OHE presentations address the core issues.Incentives for innovation in antibioticsThe growing crisis of
- [Towse at ISPOR: Macro HTA and Managed Entry Agreements](https://www.ohe.org/news/towse-ispor-macro-hta-and-managed-entry-agreements/) - Adrian Towse, currently President of ISPOR, contributed to two session at the recent ISPOR Asia-Pacific conference.Using HTA to maximise health system performance: Health technology assessment (HTA) is familiar as a technique for gauging the value of specific medical technologies or approaches to care. As Adrian points out, however, HTA has a much broader, ‘macro’ role
- [OHE’s Devlin Co-Author on Prize-Winning EQ-5D Paper](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-devlin-co-author-prize-winning-eq-5d-paper/) - An OHE co-authored journal article that analyses variations in hospital performance in improving patient health has been awarded the prize by EuroQol for ‘best scientific paper’ on EQ-5D published in 2013. An OHE co-authored journal article that analyses variations in hospital performance in improving patient health has been awarded the prize by EuroQol for ‘best
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 1: Impact of NICE on Innovation and Value](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-1-impact-nice-innovation-and-value/) - ISPOR’s 17th Annual European Congress is scheduled for 8-12 November 2014 in Amsterdam. OHE’s Adrian Towse is current President of ISPOR and involved in several sessions. Important research on a range of topics will be presented by other members of the OHE team, summarised briefly in this post. Please feel free to contact any of
- [OHE has an Opening for an Economist](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-has-opening-economist-0/) - OHE is seeking to recruit a well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist, with particular strengths in the economics of industrial organisation and regulation. The economist will contribute to research and consultancy activities. OHE is seeking to recruit a well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist, with particular strengths in the economics of industrial organisation and regulation.
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 2: Conceptual and Practical Challenges in Judging Value](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-2-conceptual-and-practical-challenges-judging-value/) - ISPOR’s 17th Annual European Congress is scheduled for 8-12 November 2014 in Amsterdam. This is the second of two blog posts that outlines OHE’s involvement. (The first blog is available here). Please feel free to contact any of the OHE team members listed for additional information.Conceptual challenges: valuing cures1. What Value Do We Place on
- [Spotlight on OHE: Adaptive Pathways, Economic Evaluation, Stated Preferences and Life-cycle Price Modelling](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-adaptive-pathways-economic-evaluation-stated-preferences-and-life-cycle-price/) - Medicines Adaptive Pathways: A Practical Strategy to Improve Patient Access to Medicines? In September 2014 the Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science held a workshop with invited regulators, health technology assessment (HTA) bodies and payers, industry and academics on “Medicines Adaptive Pathways: A Practical Strategy to Improve Patient Access to Medicines?”. The aims of the workshop
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe: Posters](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-posters/) - The OHE presented the following posters at ISPOR 17th Annual European Congress in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Ispor measuring access_pon_nd from Office of Health EconomicsPhill O’Neill and Nancy Devlin Ispor do nice_decisions_affect_decisions_in_other_countries from Office of Health EconomicsKarla Hernandez-Villafuerte, Paul Barnsley, Martina Garau and Nancy Devlin Ispor opportunity costs_sks from Office of Health EconomicsSarah Karlsberg Schaffer, Jon Sussex, Dyfrig
- [OHE Seminar Launches ‘An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England’](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-seminar-launches-eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - At an OHE seminar on October 30th, OHE’s Professor Devlin and Professor van Hout from University of Sheffield jointly presented the key results from their study ‘An EQ-5D-5L value set for England’. The seminar was well attended, with participants from the Department of Health, NICE, NHS England, the EuroQol Group, academia and pharmaceutical industry.The EQ-5D
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe: Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-presentations/) - The OHE gave the following presentations at ISPOR 17th Annual European Congress in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The OHE gave the following presentations at ISPOR 17th Annual European Congress in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.What Value Do We Place on a Cure? Value Demonstration Challenges Associated with Innovator and Regenerative Therapies in the EU, North America, and Asia.Moderator:
- [Just Published: Empirical Study Examining Public Preferences Regarding End of Life Treatments](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-published-empirical-study-examining-public-preferences-regarding-end-life-treatments/) - Just published in Social Science & Medicine [open access] is a social preference study by OHE’s Koonal Shah and the University of Sheffield’s Aki Tsuchiya and Allan Wailoo. The study examines the extent of societal support for giving higher priority to life-extending end of life treatments than to other types of treatments. Stated preference data were collected via
- [Biosimilar Competition: Lessons from Europe and Prospects for the US](https://www.ohe.org/news/biosimilar-competition-lessons-europe-and-prospects-us/) - Based on an OHE lunchtime seminar by Professor Henry Grabowski, this seminar briefing explores the lessons learned from Europe’s experience with biosimilars, and provides an analysis of how the US market may evolve. Based on an OHE lunchtime seminar by Professor Henry Grabowski, this seminar briefing explores the lessons learned from Europe’s experience with biosimilars,
- [OHE in the BMJ: Reforming the Cancer Drug Fund, and Reviving the PROMs Programme](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-bmj-reforming-cancer-drug-fund-and-reviving-proms-programme/) - On 28th November 2014 the BMJ published the Editorial “Reforming the Cancer Drug Fund”. In this editorial, Buxton, Longworth, Raftery, Sculpher and Towse argue that the CDF, with new arrangements for prioritising access to it “will continue to undermine NICE, duplicate effort, and distort allocation of NHS resources while failing to support the development of
- [EQ-VAS an Important and Under-used Element of the EQ-5D](https://www.ohe.org/news/eq-vas-important-and-under-used-element-eq-5d/) - On 18th November 2014 OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin presented at the King’s Fund Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) research conference. Nancy’s presentation focused on the role of the EQ-VAS. On 18th November 2014 OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin presented at the King’s Fund Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) research conference. Nancy’s presentation focused on the role of the
- [Spotlight on OHE: EQ-5D-5L, Next Generation Sequencing, and MCDA](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-eq-5d-5l-next-generation-sequencing-and-mcda/) - For information on OHE at ISPOR Europe please see earlier posts: OHE at ISPOR Europe 1 and OHE at ISPOR Europe 2. Does the choice of health state comparator or ordering of dimensions matter when valuing EQ-5D-5L?OHE’s Koonal Shah delivered a presentation at the 1st Meeting of the International Academy of Health Preference Research in Amsterdam
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Improving Sustainability through Needs-Based Planning](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-improving-sustainability-through-needs-based-planning/) - The issue of health service planning regularly hits the headlines. In a speech delivered in October by the Chief Executive of NHS England, Simon Stevens described a “mismatch between resources and patient needs of nearly £30 billion a year by 2020/21”. The issue of health service planning regularly hits the headlines. In a speech delivered
- [Recently Published:  New Report Comparing Usage of Medicines in the UK with Other Countries](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-new-report-comparing-usage-medicines-uk-other-countries/) - September 2014 ABPI report of OHE analysis: UK use of medicines compared with other countries – UK remains 9th highest user out of 13 countries. Just published is an analysis for the ABPI by Phill O’Neill and Jon Sussex of the Office of Health Economics. They have estimated the quantities of medicines used per head
- [Multinational Evidence of the Applicability and Robustness of Discrete Choice Modeling for Deriving EQ-5D-5L Health-State Values](https://www.ohe.org/news/multinational-evidence-applicability-and-robustness-discrete-choice-modeling-deriving-eq-5d-5l/) - Published in Medical Care [open access] is a paper reporting a multi-country pilot study investigating the feasibility of using discrete choice experiments (DCE) to value EQ-5D-5L health states. Published in Medical Care [open access] is a paper reporting a multi-country pilot study investigating the feasibility of using discrete choice experiments (DCE) to value EQ-5D-5L health
- [Spotlight on OHE: Opportunity Costs of NICE Decisions in Wales and HESG 2015](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-opportunity-costs-nice-decisions-wales-and-hesg-2015/) - Jon Sussex presents on the opportunity costs of implementing NICE decisions in Wales, and OHE attend HESG in Leeds, January 2015. Opportunity costs of implementing NICE decisions in NHS Wales Speaking in Cardiff on 9 December 2014, OHE’s Jon Sussex delivered a presentation titled “Opportunity costs of implementing NICE decisions in NHS Wales”. The presentation covered
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 23 February 2015: The Impact of Price-cap Regulations on Entry and Exit by Generic Pharmaceutical Firms in Canada](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-23-february-2015-impact-price-cap-regulations-entry-and-exit-generic/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Aslam H. Anis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver's Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences and the CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network. On Monday 23rd February, Professor Aslam H. Anis will lead an OHE Seminar on The impact of price-cap regulations on entry and exit by generic pharmaceutical firms in
- [OHE Welcomes Dr. Aslam Anis](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-dr-aslam-anis/) - Dr. Aslam Anis, Director of the Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences (CHEOS) in Canada will undertake a short sabbatical with the Office of Health Economics in February 2015. OHE is delighted to welcome Dr Aslam Anis as a visiting researcher at OHE for the month of February 2015. Dr. Anis is a respected health
- [Universal Health Coverage: The Holy Grail? 21st Annual Lecture Publication.](https://www.ohe.org/news/universal-health-coverage-holy-grail-21st-annual-lecture-publication/) - The 21st OHE Annual Lecture was given by Professor Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on the subject of Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries. The 21st OHE Annual Lecture was given by Professor Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on the subject of Universal Health Coverage
- [Benefiting Sooner from Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/benefiting-sooner-medical-research/) - Recently published study by OHE, Brunel University, RAND Europe and Kings College London analyses time lags in medical research and where to shorten them. Everyone would like to increase the payback to biomedical and health research. We all want increased quality and length of life and expect research to find ways of achieving that. The
- [Medical Research: How Long Does it Take?](https://www.ohe.org/news/medical-research-how-long-does-it-take/) - It is surprisingly hard to measure how long medical research takes. A recently published study by OHE, Brunel and RAND Europe shows a better way to do that. In our blog post on 3rd February 2015 we described recent research aimed at analysing how long medical research takes from the first pound being spent to
- [Pharmaceutical Pricing in Emerging Markets: Effects of Income, Competition, and Procurement](https://www.ohe.org/news/pharmaceutical-pricing-emerging-markets-effects-income-competition-and-procurement/) - Just published in Health Economics is an article by OHE’s Adrian Towse and others on pharmaceutical pricing in middle and low income countries (MLICs). Just published in Health Economics is an article by Patricia Danzon, Andrew Mulcahy, and Adrian Towse on the determinants of prices for pharmaceuticals in middle and low-income countries (MLICs). The paper uses
- [OHE Occasional Paper Critiques the Claxton et al. £13,000 per QALY Estimate](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-occasional-paper-critiques-claxton-et-al-13000-qaly-estimate/) - OHE has published an Occasional Paper highlighting the significant shortage of data that forced Claxton et al. to rely on a large number of strong assumptions to produce their results. Last week, the journal Health Technology Assessment published the results of a study exploring methods for the estimation of the NICE cost-effectiveness threshold (Claxton et
- [OHE Briefing on Incentives to Follow Best Practice in Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-briefing-incentives-follow-best-practice-health-care/) - OHE has published a Briefing by Karlsberg Schaffer, Sussex and Feng summarising the evidence on incentives that encourage providers of health care to follow guidance on best practice. There has been long-standing interest in the use of incentives to encourage delivery of high-quality health care services at the lowest feasible cost. Although it is clear
- [Do Respondents Completing Abstract, Hypothetical Priority-Setting Exercises Agree with the Policy Implications of Their Choices?](https://www.ohe.org/news/do-respondents-completing-abstract-hypothetical-priority-setting-exercises-agree-policy/) - A new OHE Consulting Report examines whether respondents completing abstract, hypothetical priority-setting exercises in stated preference studies agree with the policy implications of their choices. Stated preference studies are increasingly being used to understand people’s views about the relative importance of different criteria for making health care priority setting decisions. Such studies typically involve presenting
- [A Framework for Payer Assessment of the Value of New Technologies: A US Approach](https://www.ohe.org/news/framework-payer-assessment-value-new-technologies-us-approach/) - Dr Steven Pearson has convened a US policy workgroup of payers, drug and device manufacturers, patients' groups, and clinician specialty societies to help develop a “value framework”. Payers in the US do not embrace a single, dominant method for determining the value of new technologies. With this mind, Dr Steven Pearson has convened a US
- [Published in Health Economics: the Effect of Free Personal Care for the Elderly on Informal Caregiving](https://www.ohe.org/news/published-health-economics-effect-free-personal-care-elderly-informal-caregiving/) - Just published in Health Economics is an article by OHE’s Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer that estimates the effect of free personal care on the supply of informal care. In Scotland, since 2002, free personal care has been allocated to any individual aged 65 and over who is assessed as requiring it, both in nursing homes and
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 29 April 2015: Do Financial Incentives Trump Clinical Guidance? Hip Replacement in England and Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-29-april-2015-do-financial-incentives-trump-clinical-guidance-hip/) - Dr Irene Papanicolas and Dr Alistair McGuire will speak at an OHE lunchtime seminar on Wednesday 29th April 2015. On Wednesday 29th April, Dr Irene Papanicolas and Dr Alistair McGuire will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the impact of different payment policies on activity for Hip Replacement. Dr Papanicolas and Dr McGuire will compare the
- [OHE is Recruiting for Two Positions: A Deputy Director and an Economist.](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-two-positions-deputy-director-and-economist/) - The Office of Health Economics is looking to recruit for two vacancies: A Deputy Director and an Economist. Deputy Director: OHE wishes to recruit an experienced, well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist, for the role of deputy to the Director of the OHE. Managerial experience within a research and consultancy setting in the health and/or life
- [OHE’s Deputy Director Jon Sussex to Become Chief Economist at RAND Europe](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-deputy-director-jon-sussex-become-chief-economist-rand-europe/) - OHE Deputy Director Jon Sussex will be leaving OHE in early June to take up the role of Chief Economist at RAND Europe and Co-Director (with Martin Roland) of the Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research. OHE Deputy Director Jon Sussex will be leaving OHE in early June to take up the role of Chief
- [Assessing the Use of Multi-indication Medicines: A Review of Current Data Capabilities in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-use-multi-indication-medicines-review-current-data-capabilities-uk/) - A new OHE Consulting Report considers the data capabilities in the UK for monitoring medicine use according to indication using real world data. In the UK and across the world, the routine collection of healthcare data is expanding, which is enhancing opportunities for research into the use and impact of healthcare services and interventions. Whilst
- [New Business Models for Antibiotics. What Can We Learn from Other Industries?](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-business-models-antibiotics-what-can-we-learn-other-industries/) - The business model for antibiotics is broken. We looked at other industries facing conceptually similar challenges - particularly when the incentive for R&D is delinked from the volume of sales. There is an urgent need to develop a new generation of antibiotics to treat patients with life-threatening or potentially life-threatening infections which have developed resistance
- [OHE Publishes in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research: Future Expectations of Evidence of Relative Effectiveness in Europe and Comparative Effectiveness in the USA in 2020](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-publishes-journal-comparative-effectiveness-research-future-expectations-evidence-relative/) - Articles co-authored by Adrian Towse, Martina Garau, Donna Messner, and Penny Mohr exploring future expectations of drug relative effectiveness in Europe and comparative effectiveness in the USA just published online. Recently published online and free to download in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research is a series of three articles exploring future expectations for new
- [international Decision Support Initiative (iDSI): Mapping of Priority-setting in Health in 17 Low and Middle Income Countries Across Asia, Latin America and Africa](https://www.ohe.org/news/international-decision-support-initiative-idsi-mapping-priority-setting-health-17-low-and/) - This mapping of priority-setting considers factors such as existence of HTA institutions and commitment to UHC (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam). A new OHE occasional paper has just been published, written in collaboration with NICE International. The document aims to assess
- [OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Koonal Shah Join the EuroQol Research Foundation’s Valuation Working Group](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-professor-nancy-devlin-and-koonal-shah-join-euroqol-research-foundations-valuation/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Koonal Shah have both been appointed to serve on the Valuation Working Group of the EuroQol Research Foundation. OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and Koonal Shah have both been appointed to serve on the Valuation Working Group of the EuroQol Research Foundation, a not-for-profit network of international, multilingual, multidisciplinary researchers that
- [OHE at ISPOR Philadelphia Part 1: MCDA, Utility Functions and Big Data](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-philadelphia-part-1-mcda-utility-functions-and-big-data/) - This post is the first of a two part summary of OHE’s scheduled activity at ISPOR Philadelphia 2015. ISPOR’s 20th Annual International Meeting is scheduled for 16-20 May 2015 in Philadelphia. OHE’s Adrian Towse is ISPOR president and will be participating in several sessions. Other OHE team members will also be attending and presenting important
- [OHE at ISPOR Philadelphia Part 2: Risk Sharing, Medical Breakthroughs, Early Access and Drug Development Costs](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-philadelphia-part-2-risk-sharing-medical-breakthroughs-early-access-and-drug/) - This post is the second of a two part summary of OHE’s scheduled activity at ISPOR Philadelphia 2015. ISPOR’s 20th Annual International Meeting is scheduled for 16-20 May 2015 in Philadelphia. This post is the second of a two part summary of OHE’s scheduled activity at ISPOR. Access the first blog post here.Risk Sharing /
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 11 June 2015: The Economics of Elevated Hospital Mortality at Weekends](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-11-june-2015-economics-elevated-hospital-mortality-weekends/) - Professor Sutton will explore whether the introduction of comprehensive seven day hospital services in the NHS is likely to reduce weekend deaths and be a cost-effective use of resources. On Thursday 11th June, Professor Matt Sutton of the University of Manchester will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the economics of elevated hospital mortality at
- [Do Financial Incentives Trump Clinical Guidance? Hip Replacement Treatment in England and Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/news/do-financial-incentives-trump-clinical-guidance-hip-replacement-treatment-england-and-scotland/) - This post provides an overview of Dr Irene Papanicolas and Professor Alistair McGuire’s OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the effect of financial incentives on hip replacement in England. On 29th April 2015 the OHE welcomed LSE’s Dr Irene Papanicolas and Professor Alistair McGuire to present a lunchtime seminar on the impact of different payment policies on
- [PriMHE Lecture: Relative Effectiveness and the Impact on Drug Development](https://www.ohe.org/news/primhe-lecture-relative-effectiveness-and-impact-drug-development/) - OHE’s Adrian Towse will give a lecture at the Medical University of Vienna on relative effectiveness and the impact on drug development. OHE’s Adrian Towse will give a lecture on 2nd July 2015 in Vienna as part of the PriMHE (Programme in the Methods of Health Economics) series organised by the Department of Health Economics
- [OHE at ISPOR Philadelphia: Presentations and Posters](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-philadelphia-presentations-and-posters/) - This blog contains a selection of the posters and presentations given by OHE at ISPOR Philadelphia in May 2015. A selection of the posters and presentations delivered by OHE at the ISPOR 20th Annual International Meeting in Philadelphia, May 2015, are available below.Available presentations:Directly eliciting personal utility functions: A new way to value health-related quality
- [2015 OHE Annual Lecture: Regulation, Reimbursement, and Evidence on New Medical Technologies: Experiences and Future Directions in the United States](https://www.ohe.org/news/2015-ohe-annual-lecture-regulation-reimbursement-and-evidence-new-medical-technologies/) - Register for the 2015 OHE Annual Lecture. Dr Mark McClellan will present on 6 July on the topic of Regulation, Reimbursement, and Evidence on New Medical Technologies. Join OHE on the evening of 6 July 2015 when we welcome Dr Mark McClellan of the Brookings Institution to speak on Regulation, Reimbursement, and Evidence on New
- [OHE at HTAi Oslo: A New Drug Development Paradigm, a Framework for Developing Formularies in MICs, and the Effect of NICE Decisions Abroad](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-htai-oslo-new-drug-development-paradigm-framework-developing-formularies-mics-and-effect/) - This post summarises OHE’s activities at the upcoming HTAi meeting in Oslo, June 2015. Topics include the effect of NICE decisions abroad, a framework for developing formularies in MICs, a new drug development paradigm, and a comparison of EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L. HTAi’s 12th Annual Meeting, Global Efforts in Knowledge Transfer: HTA to Health Policy and
- [OHE at HTAi Oslo: A New Drug Development Paradigm, and the Effect of NICE Decisions Abroad](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-htai-oslo-new-drug-development-paradigm-and-effect-nice-decisions-abroad/) - This post summarises OHE’s activities at this year HTAi meeting in Oslo, June 2015. Topics include the effect of NICE decisions abroad and a new drug development paradigm. HTAi’s 12th Annual Meeting, Global Efforts in Knowledge Transfer: HTA to Health Policy and Practice, took place on 15-17 June 2015 in Oslo. Members of the OHE
- [Seminar Briefing: Improving the Fiscal and Political Sustainability of Health Systems through Integrated Population Needs-Based Planning](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-briefing-improving-fiscal-and-political-sustainability-health-systems-through/) - A Seminar Briefing on the topic of improving the fiscal and political sustainability of health systems through integrated population needs-based planning has just been published by OHE. It is often argued that the demands for increased healthcare expenditure arising from an ageing population, advancing technologies, and increasing expectations, warrant higher healthcare budgets. Professor Stephen Birch
- [Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in Health Economics – an Overview and Key Developments in the Field](https://www.ohe.org/news/patient-reported-outcomes-measures-proms-health-economics-overview-and-key-developments-field/) - In June 2015 OHE’s Nancy Devlin gave a seminar at the Royal Statistical Society on the topic of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) in health economics – providing an overview and highlighting key developments in the field. On 18 June 2015 OHE’s Nancy Devlin gave a seminar at the Royal Statistical Society on the topic of
- [Professor Nancy Devlin Elected to ISPOR Board of Directors](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-nancy-devlin-elected-ispor-board-directors/) - OHE’s Nancy Devlin has been elected to the ISPOR Board of Directors for the period 2015-2017. OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has been elected as a member of the ISPOR Board of Directors for a two-year term, starting July 1st 2015.OHE’s Professor Adrian Towse remains on the ISPOR board of directors as Past Present for the
- [An Empirical Study of Two Alternative Comparators for Use in Time Trade-Off Studies](https://www.ohe.org/news/empirical-study-two-alternative-comparators-use-time-trade-studies/) - A paper by OHE’s Koonal Shah on alternative comparators for use in TTO studies is the first to be published as part of the new EuroQol Working Paper Series. A paper by OHE’s Koonal Shah has become the first to be published as part of the EuroQol Research Foundation’s new Working Paper Series. The paper
- [Guest post: The Economics of Elevated Hospital Mortality at Weekends](https://www.ohe.org/news/guest-post-economics-elevated-hospital-mortality-weekends/) - Rachel Meacock reports on the economics of elevated hospital mortality at weekends. On 11th June Professor Matt Sutton of The University of Manchester presented an OHE lunchtime seminar on the economics of elevated hospital mortality at weekends. Professor Sutton’s presentation drew upon recent work published by Meacock, Doran and Sutton (2015).Rachel Meacock, also of The
- [OHE and Peking University of China to Collaborate on Research to Explore the Inconsistent Ordering of Levels of the EQ-5D-5L Value Set](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-and-peking-university-china-collaborate-research-explore-inconsistent-ordering-levels-eq-5d/) - This post summarises a research grant that OHE and Peking University have been awarded from the EuroQol Group Foundation. The funded research project will explore the inconsistent ordering of levels of the EQ-5D-5L value set. A project led by OHE’s Dr Yan Feng to explore the inconsistent ordering of levels of the EQ-5D-5L value set
- [An Issues Panel: Developing Cost Effectiveness for Decision Making: What can be Learnt from “Value Based Pricing”?](https://www.ohe.org/news/issues-panel-developing-cost-effectiveness-decision-making-what-can-be-learnt-value-based/) - This post reports on an Issues Panel which was held at the Spanish Health Economics Association Annual Conference which took place in Granada, Spain 17-19 June 2015. The title of the panel was: Developing cost effectiveness for decision making: what can be learnt from “Value Based Pricing”? OHE members presented in several sessions at the
- [Spotlight on OHE: Value Footprint of Oncology Treatments, Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Sources of Motivation in Health Care Organisations](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-value-footprint-oncology-treatments-treating-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-and-sources/) - The blog provides links to slide sets and posters relating to the value footprint of oncology treatments, treating obstructive sleep apnoea and sources of motivation in health care organisations. Speaking at the Spanish Health Economists Association Annual Meeting in Granada, Spain, 17-19th June 2015, OHE’s Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz delivered a presentation on the expanding value footprint
- [European Union Pharmaceutical Markets: A Case for Differential Pricing?](https://www.ohe.org/news/european-union-pharmaceutical-markets-case-differential-pricing/) - This article looks at how theory could be put into practice suggesting ways to implement a differential pricing system for branded medicines in the EU that can enhance overall welfare. In a recently published article OHE’s Adrian Towse and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, with colleagues, suggest ways to implement a differential pricing system for branded medicines in
- [OHE Appoints New Deputy Director: Associate Professor Paula Lorgelly](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-appoints-new-deputy-director-associate-professor-paula-lorgelly/) - OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of a new Deputy Director: Associate Professor Paula Lorgelly. OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of Associate Professor Paula Lorgelly as the new Deputy Director of the OHE. Paula will join the team in December 2015. Paula has over 15 years’ experience working in academia in Australia and
- [Recently Published: Payer Perspectives on Future Acceptability of Comparative Effectiveness and Relative Effectiveness Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-payer-perspectives-future-acceptability-comparative-effectiveness-and/) - This paper examines the views of US and European payers on the rapidly evolving fields of comparative effectiveness and relative effectiveness research. Recently published is a paper examining the views of payers in the United States and Europe on the rapidly evolving fields of comparative effectiveness and relative effectiveness research. The paper, published in the
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector: What Works?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-waiting-time-policies-health-sector-what-works/) - Professor Luigi Siciliani from the University of York will present an OHE Seminar on 16th September 2015 on the topic of waiting time policies in the health sector. On Wednesday 16th September, Professor Luigi Siciliani of the University of York will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on waiting time policies in the health sector. The seminar
- [Incorporating Life-cycle Price Modelling into Pharmaceutical Cost-effectiveness Evaluations](https://www.ohe.org/news/incorporating-life-cycle-price-modelling-pharmaceutical-cost-effectiveness-evaluations/) - A Research Paper on the topic of incorporating life-cycle price modelling into pharmaceutical cost-effectiveness evaluations has just been published by OHE. Why might the launch price of a new drug be a poor indicator of future expenditure for a drug? This question is crucial when conducting cost-effectiveness analyses, i.e. when studying whether it is desirable to
- [OHE and University of Sheffield to Collaborate on Research to Re-model the UK Value Set (‘MVH’) for EQ-5D](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-and-university-sheffield-collaborate-research-re-model-uk-value-set-mvh-eq-5d/) - OHE, in collaboration with the University of Sheffield, has been awarded a research grant from the EuroQol Research Foundation to revisit the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) study that produced the UK EQ-5D value set. OHE, in collaboration with the University of Sheffield, has been awarded a research grant from the EuroQol Research Foundation
- [Recently Published: Local Health Care Expenditure Plans and their Opportunity Costs](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-local-health-care-expenditure-plans-and-their-opportunity-costs/) - Recently published in Health Policy is an article by Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer, Jon Sussex, Nancy Devlin and Andrew Walker entitled “Local health care expenditure plans and their opportunity costs”. Recently published in Health Policy is an article by Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer, Jon Sussex, Nancy Devlin and Andrew Walker, entitled “Local health care expenditure plans and
- [OHE Welcomes Two New Economists: Bernarda Zamora and Patricia Cubi-Molla](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-two-new-economists-bernarda-zamora-and-patricia-cubi-molla/) - OHE are pleased to announce the appointments of Bernarda Zamora and Patricia Cubi-Molla. The Office of Health Economics are pleased to announce the appointment of two new Economists: Bernarda Zamora and Patricia Cubi-Molla.Bernarda’s areas of expertise include econometric modelling of health statistics at patient level and international health statistics at country level.Bernarda has completed research
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 6 October 2015 PharmaDiplomacy: A Proposal for a Collaborative, Mutually Acceptable Approach to Drug Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-6-october-2015-pharmadiplomacy-proposal-collaborative-mutually-acceptable/) - On Tuesday 6th October, James Anderson (GSK), Ri De Ridder (RIZIV-INAMI), and Sophia Tickell (Meteosan) will take part in an OHE seminar to discuss the Checklist for Collaborative, Mutually Acceptable Drug Pricing. On Tuesday 6th October, James Anderson (GSK), Ri De Ridder (RIZIV-INAMI), and Sophia Tickell (Meteosan) will take part in a panel for an
- [New Publication: Risk-Sharing Agreements Between Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Payers](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-risk-sharing-agreements-between-pharmaceutical-manufacturers-and-payers/) - Recently published is a study by a research team including OHE’s Adrian Towse which examines prospects for risk-sharing agreements between pharmaceutical manufacturers and payers in the US private sector. Recently published in the American Journal of Managed Care is a study which examines prospects for Risk-Sharing Agreements (RSAs) between Pharmaceutical manufacturers and payers in the
- [LSE-ICL Medical Innovation Forum on 14th October 2015: Assessing Value and Sustainable Financing of Innovative Therapies.](https://www.ohe.org/news/lse-icl-medical-innovation-forum-14th-october-2015-assessing-value-and-sustainable-financing/) - OHE’s Adrian Towse to speak on Options for the Sustainable Financing of Innovative Therapies. On Wednesday 14th October 2015, London School of Economics and Political Science and Imperial College London will joint host a forum on medical innovation. The title of the forum is: Assessing Value and Sustainable Financing of Innovative Therapies.This event is particularly
- [Future Cases of Dementia among People Born in 2015 & the Dementia Drug Pipeline](https://www.ohe.org/news/future-cases-dementia-among-people-born-2015-dementia-drug-pipeline/) - It is estimated that one in three people born in 2015 in the UK may develop dementia, and clinical development success rates for dementia drugs are consistently lower than those for other therapy areas. A new analysis conducted by OHE’s Dr Fraser Lewis estimates that one in three people born in 2015 in the UK
- [Professor Nancy Devlin Appointed to PHIN’s Board of Directors](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-nancy-devlin-appointed-phins-board-directors/) - OHE’s Nancy Devlin has been appointed as a Non-Executive Director with the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN). OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has been appointed to the Board of Directors of the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN).The Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN) is a not-for-profit organisation established in 2012. It has two, related aims: to enable
- [Government and Charity Funding of Cancer Research: Public Preferences and Choices](https://www.ohe.org/news/government-and-charity-funding-cancer-research-public-preferences-and-choices/) - How might a change in government spending on cancer research affect the public’s willingness to donate to cancer research charities? Investment in medical research contributes to the continuing improvement of human health and wealth. Medical research is funded from three sources: government allocation of tax funds, medical research charities disbursing donors’ funds, and private industry
- [OHE at ISPOR Latin America: Policy Options for Formulary Development in Middle-income Countries](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-latin-america-policy-options-formulary-development-middle-income-countries/) - This post summarises OHE’s activities at this year’s ISPOR Latin America conference in Santiago, September 2015. Topics include policy options for formulary development in middle-income countries, and role of HTA in definition of health benefit plans. ISPOR 5th Latin America Conference, Increasing Access to Health Care in Latin America: Making Better Decisions for Greater Equity,
- [Just Published: Testing the Feasibility of Obtaining EQ-5D-5L Values in the United Arab Emirates](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-published-testing-feasibility-obtaining-eq-5d-5l-values-united-arab-emirates/) - This study tests the feasibility of eliciting EQ-5D-5L values from a general public sample in the United Arab Emirates. Recently published in Value in Health Regional Issues is a study examining the feasibility and cultural appropriateness of using stated preference methods to elicit EQ-5D-5L values from a general public sample in the United Arab Emirates. The
- [Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector: What Works?](https://www.ohe.org/news/waiting-time-policies-health-sector-what-works/) - On 16th September Professor Luigi Siciliani led an OHE lunchtime seminar on waiting time policies in the health sector. The slides are now available. On 16th September Professor Luigi Siciliani of the University of York led an OHE lunchtime seminar on waiting time policies in the health sector.Professor Siciliani gave a summary of health sector
- [Multi-indication Pricing: Pros, Cons and Applicability to the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/multi-indication-pricing-pros-cons-and-applicability-uk/) - Multi-indication pricing (MIP) involves setting a different price for each major indication approved for a medicine. We explore the feasibility of implementing MIP in the UK. Just published is an OHE Briefing on the topic of multi-indication pricing. The briefing contains a summary of a workshop organised and facilitated by OHE and MME Europe. Multi-indication pricing
- [Valuing Health at the End of Life: A Review of the Empirical Literature](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-health-end-life-review-empirical-literature/) - Do members of the general public wish to place greater weight on a unit of health gain for end of life patients than on that for other types of patients? On 22 September 2015, OHE’s Koonal Shah gave a seminar at the Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Koonal’s presentation reported research
- [New OHE Publication Compares 3L and 5L Versions of EQ-5D as Measures of General Population Health](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-publication-compares-3l-and-5l-versions-eq-5d-measures-general-population-health/) - New publication by OHE’s Yan Feng, Nance Devlin and Mike Herdman in Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, comparing the 3L and 5L versions of EQ-5D as measures of general population health. A paper by OHE’s Yan Feng, Nance Devlin and Mike Herdman has recently been published in Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. The
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 14 December 2015: From the Antipodes to the Motherland: Reflections on HTA Decision Makers as Budget Takers and Budget Makers](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-14-december-2015-antipodes-motherland-reflections-hta-decision-makers/) - OHE’s Deputy Director Paula Lorgelly will present an OHE Seminar on 14th December 2015 on the topic of HTA decision makers as budget takers and budget makers. On Monday 14th December, OHE’s Deputy Director Paula Lorgelly will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: HTA decision makers as budget takers and budget makers.The
- [Newly Published Analysis: Dementia: the R&D Landscape](https://www.ohe.org/news/newly-published-analysis-dementia-rd-landscape/) - Just published by the World Dementia Council and OHE is an analysis which sets out the dementia R&D landscape. This analysis was undertaken by OHE for Imperial College and the UK Department of Health. The World Dementia Council and OHE have published a new OHE Research Paper on the dementia R&D landscape. The analysis was
- [How to Manage Data Governance in an Era of Real World Evidence (RWE): Working Towards a Set of International Standards](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-manage-data-governance-era-real-world-evidence-rwe-working-towards-set-international/) - A new OHE Consulting Report assesses information governance arrangements for real-world data in eight countries, and makes recommendations towards an ideal governance framework. Real world data (RWD) is a term that is becoming increasingly widespread in health economics and health services research – with good reason. RWD is information that can be used for health
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe: Milan 2015](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-milan-2015/) - A summary of OHE’s presentations and contributions at ISPOR Europe, Milan 2015. The ISPOR 18th Annual European Congress was held in Milan, Italy, 7-11 November 2015. OHE’s Director of Research, Nancy Devlin, participated in the Third Plenary and a Workshop and presented two posters, whilst Director Adrian Towse had the honour of presenting ISPOR’s 2015
- [Paula Lorgelly Joins the OHE Team as Deputy Director](https://www.ohe.org/news/paula-lorgelly-joins-ohe-team-deputy-director/) - OHE is pleased to announce that Paula Lorgelly has now joined the team in her new role as Deputy Director. OHE is pleased to announce that Paula Lorgelly has now joined the team in her new role as Deputy Director.Paula has over 15 years’ experience working in academia in Australia and the United Kingdom. Her
- [OHE at ISOQOL 2015: Valuing Health-Related Quality of Life](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-isoqol-2015-valuing-health-related-quality-life/) - This post summarises OHE’s activities at the ISOQOL 22nd Annual Conference in Vancouver, October 2015. The 22nd Annual Conference of the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) took place on 21-24 October 2015 in Vancouver, Canada.Koonal Shah attended and presented OHE’s research on a new method for valuing health-related quality of life. The method,
- [Just Published: Systematic Review of PRO Use in Paediatric Populations with Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-published-systematic-review-pro-use-paediatric-populations-vaccine-preventable-infectious/) - This paper reports the results of a systematic review of the use and quality of Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) measures in paediatric populations with vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in developed countries. The results of a systematic review on the use of patient reported outcomes (PROs) in paediatric populations with infectious diseases were recently published in Value
- [New publication: Using Patient Reported Outcomes to Improve Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-using-patient-reported-outcomes-improve-health-care/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has co-authored a new book: Using Patient Reported Outcomes to Improve Health Care, published by Wiley, with colleagues Professor John Appleby (The King’s Fund) and Professor David Parkin (King’s College London). OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has co-authored a new book: Using Patient Reported Outcomes to Improve Health Care, published by Wiley,
- [New OHE Publication: Model of Behaviour within Fuzzy Budget Constraints](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-publication-model-behaviour-within-fuzzy-budget-constraints/) - Recently published is a new OHE research paper entitled ‘Model of Behaviour within Fuzzy Budget Constraints’. The paper presents a model to capture the behaviour of health sector decision makers. Recently published is a new OHE research paper entitled ‘Model of Behaviour within Fuzzy Budget Constraints’. The paper presents a model to capture the behaviour
- [Cost-per-QALY in the US and Britain](https://www.ohe.org/news/cost-qaly-us-and-britain/) - Professor Weinstein compares the use of cost-per-QALY approaches in the UK and the US. Britain has got it closer to right, but may go a little too far. In his OHE Annual Lecture Professor Milt Weinstein compares the use of cost-per-QALY approaches to health care resource allocation in the UK and the US. He notes
- [OHE at the Health Economists' Study Group (HESG) Meeting, Manchester 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-health-economists-study-group-hesg-meeting-manchester-2016/) - A summary of OHE’s activity at the 2016 winter HESG meeting, Manchester, 6-8th January. OHE team members will play an active role in the forthcoming Health Economists' Study Group (HESG) Meeting, Manchester, 6-8th January 2016. We have two papers being discussed and a poster presentation; come to our sessions and learn about the public’s preferences
- [Seminar at Glasgow Caledonian University: Local Health Care Expenditure Plans and Their Opportunity Costs](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-glasgow-caledonian-university-local-health-care-expenditure-plans-and-their-opportunity/) - OHE’s Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer presented at the Glasgow Health Economics Seminar Series the results of a paper on the value of the cost-effectiveness threshold in Scotland. In November, OHE’s Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer presented at the Glasgow health Economics Seminar Series (GhESS) the results of a paper on the value of the cost per quality-adjusted life
- [OHE is Recruiting for a Head of Operational Research and Data Analytics](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-head-operational-research-and-data-analytics/) - The Office of Health Economics is looking to recruit a new Head of Operational Research and Data Analytics. The Office of Health Economics (OHE) wishes to recruit a highly motivated, experienced and energetic Operational Researcher or Data Analyst for the role of Head of Operational Research and Data Analytics.The successful candidate will contribute to all
- [From the Antipodes to the Motherland: Reflections on HTA Decision Makers as Budget Takers and Budget Makers](https://www.ohe.org/news/antipodes-motherland-reflections-hta-decision-makers-budget-takers-and-budget-makers/) - Paula Lorgelly, Deputy Director of OHE, reviews HTA decision making processes in three comparable countries, and considers the agency problem and possible solutions. On 14th of December 2015 OHE’s new Deputy Director, Paula Lorgelly, presented an OHE lunchtime seminar on HTA decision making, comparing New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom in terms of the
- [New Publications: Study Design Considerations in Health State Valuation Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publications-study-design-considerations-health-state-valuation-research/) - Two new papers, just published in Value in Health, examine the design of health state valuation studies. Recently published are two articles exploring the design of health state valuation studies. The articles are authored by OHE’s Koonal Shah, in collaboration with Brendan Mulhern of the University of Technology Sydney, Louise Longworth of Brunel University London,
- [New ISPOR Task Force Report on Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ispor-task-force-report-multiple-criteria-decision-analysis/) - Professor Nancy Devlin co-chaired the ISPOR task force on uses of MCDA in health care decision making. The first report from the task force has just been published in Value in Health. Professor Nancy Devlin, OHE’s Director of Research, co-chaired the ISPOR task force on uses of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in health care
- [OHE’s Nancy Devlin appointed as Honorary Professor, University of Sheffield.](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-nancy-devlin-appointed-honorary-professor-university-sheffield/) - The Readerships and Personal Chairs Committee of the University of Sheffield has conferred on OHE’s Nancy Devlin the title of Honorary Professor of Health Economics. The Readerships and Personal Chairs Committee of the University of Sheffield has conferred on OHE’s Nancy Devlin the title of Honorary Professor of Health Economics, linked to the School of
- [New Publication: Headroom Approach to Device Development](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-headroom-approach-device-development/) - OHE’s Amanda Cole co-authors a new publication on the headroom approach, which can help assess the commercial value and viability of medical device development. In the latest issue of the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care is an article on assessing the commercial value of medical devices, co-authored by OHE’s Amanda Cole.The (open
- [Just Published: OHE Report on Trends in Scottish Medicines Committee Advice Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-published-ohe-report-trends-scottish-medicines-committee-advice-decisions/) - An analysis in the trends in Scottish Medicines Committee (SMC) advice decisions for medicines for the period October 2009 to September 2015 has just been published in an OHE Consulting Report. This report was initiated and funded by Pfizer Ltd. The report assesses trends during a period when the SMC were introducing a number of innovations
- [Recently published: Are Wider Societal Effects Considered in Healthcare Decision-making?](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-are-wider-societal-effects-considered-healthcare-decision-making/) - Health interventions can produce economic gains for patients and national economies. In practice, however, the health-wealth link is rarely considered. Recently published is a paper on the consideration of wider societal effects of health interventions, including productivity gains and savings in non-health sectors, in resource allocation decisions by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies and government
- [New Publication: Spillovers between Public and Private Sector Biomedical and Health Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-spillovers-between-public-and-private-sector-biomedical-and-health-research/) - OHE’s Yan Feng and Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz have co-authored a new publication on quantifying the spillovers between public and private sector biomedical and health research and development funding in the UK. In the latest issue of BMC Medicine is an article assessing the complementarity between public and private sector R&D in the UK, co-authored by OHE’s
- [OHE Appoints Principal Health Economist: Dr Alastair Fischer](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-appoints-principal-health-economist-dr-alastair-fischer/) - OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr Alastair Fischer as a Principal Health Economist. Alastair joined the team at the end of February 2016. OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr Alastair Fischer as a Principal Health Economist. Alastair joined the team at the end of February 2016.Alastair has worked in
- [New OHE Publications: An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-publications-eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - Two newly published OHE Research Papers report the methods and findings of the ‘EQ-5D-5L value set for England’ study. Two newly published OHE Research Papers report the methods and findings of the ‘EQ-5D-5L value set for England’ study.The aim of the study was both to explore theoretical and empirical issues relating to how best to
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 19 April 2016: Evidence that challenges decision makers: experiences and examples](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-19-april-2016-evidence-challenges-decision-makers-experiences-and/) - Dr Amanda Adler, Chair of NICE Appraisal Committee B and Consultant Physician, will present an OHE Seminar on 19 April 2016. On Tuesday 19th April, Dr Amanda Adler, Chair of NICE Appraisal Committee B and Consultant Physician, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: ‘Evidence that challenges decision makers: experiences and examples.
- [Care at the End of Life: An Economic Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/news/care-end-life-economic-perspective/) - Just published is a book on the economics of end of life care, featuring a chapter by OHE’s Koonal Shah. The provision of care to patients close to the end of life is an increasing concern amongst policy makers and providers of health and social care. Just published is a book on the methodological, policy
- [Spotlight on OHE: Beyond QALYs, Managed Entry Agreements, Business Models for Antibiotics, and the UK Market for Medicines.](https://www.ohe.org/news/spotlight-ohe-beyond-qalys-managed-entry-agreements-business-models-antibiotics-and-uk-market/) - The blog provides links to slide sets for presentations relating to going ‘beyond QALYs’ when valuing health care interventions, managed entry agreements within the UK pharmaceutical landscape, new business models for antibiotics, and economics of the market for medicines Beyond QALYs: A Quantum Leap Forward or a Leap in the Dark?OHE’s Paula Lorgelly took part
- [OHE Response: The National PROMs Programme Consultation](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-response-national-proms-programme-consultation/) - This post summarises OHE’s response to NHS England’s national PROMs programme consultation. In 2009, the English NHS began collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for four elective procedures. Since then, condition specific and generic (EQ-5D) PROMs have been completed by patients both before and after these four procedures. PROMs are intended to gather quality of life
- [New OHE Consulting Report on Shaping Research Agenda to Estimate Cost-effectiveness Thresholds for Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-consulting-report-shaping-research-agenda-estimate-cost-effectiveness-thresholds/) - OHE publishes new Consulting Report on shaping the research agenda to estimate relevant cost-effectiveness thresholds for Health Technology Assessment decision making. OHE has published a report detailing the views of a selection of experts in the fields of health and welfare economics on the cost-effectiveness threshold used by the National Institute for Health and Care
- [Just Published: Systematic Review of Utility Weights Used in Economic Evaluations of Vaccines for Paediatric Infectious Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/news/just-published-systematic-review-utility-weights-used-economic-evaluations-vaccines-paediatric/) - This blog reports results of a systematic review of the sources and characteristics of utility weights used in economic evaluations of paediatric vaccines in developed countries. A new study has recently been published in Value in Health, which reports a systematic review of the sources and characteristics of utility weights used to assess the cost-effectiveness
- [New Publication: Opportunity Costs and Local Health Service Spending Decisions - A Qualitative Study from Wales](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-opportunity-costs-and-local-health-service-spending-decisions-qualitative-study/) - Work by Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer (OHE), Jon Sussex (RAND Europe), Dyfrig Hughes (Bangor University) and Nancy Devlin (OHE) has recently been published in BMC Health Services Research. Research by OHE’s Sarah Karlsberg Schaffer and Professor Nancy Devlin, in collaboration with Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) and Dyfrig Hughes (Bangor University), has recently been published in BMC
- [New OHE Research Paper: A Review of NICE Methods Across Health Technology Assessment Programmes: Differences, Justifications and Implications](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-paper-review-nice-methods-across-health-technology-assessment-programmes/) - OHE has published a new Research Paper which provides a review of methods across NICE’s various HTA programmes. The paper summarises the key differences and provides a discussion of the potential implications. OHE has published a new Research Paper which provides a review of the methods used in the various health technology assessment (HTA) programmes
- [New publication: The current and future burden of late-onset dementia in the UK: estimates and interventions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-current-and-future-burden-late-onset-dementia-uk-estimates-and-interventions/) - A new publication, based on research conducted by OHE, suggests that by 2025 the disability adjusted life year (DALY) burden of dementia will have increased by 42% from the Global Disease Burden (GDB) 2010 estimate. A new publication, based on research conducted by OHE, suggests that by 2025 the disability adjusted life year (DALY) burden
- [Three seminars forthcoming at OHE](https://www.ohe.org/news/three-seminars-forthcoming-ohe/) - OHE is pleased to be hosting not one, not two but three seminars over the coming weeks. OHE is pleased to be hosting not one, not two but three seminars over the coming weeks. Two are lunchtime seminars and one is in the late afternoon. If you are interested in attending please contact Kerry Sheppard.On
- [OHE at ISPOR Italy Chapter – Rome: Are Wider Societal Effects Considered in Healthcare Decision-making?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-italy-chapter-rome-are-wider-societal-effects-considered-healthcare-decision-making/) - Martina Garau presented at the last ISPOR Italy Chapter – Rome conference on the topic of economic gains produced by health interventions. On 12th April 2016, OHE’s Martina Garau presented at the ISPOR Italy Chapter – Rome conference on the topic of the inclusion of wider societal effects in public investment decision making in Italy.A
- [OHE at ISPOR May 2016: Meet the Team](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-may-2016-meet-team/) - ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting is scheduled for 20-25th May 2016 in Washington DC. Several members of the OHE team will be attending and disseminating important research. ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting will be held 20-25th May 2016 in Washington DC. Several members of the OHE team will be attending and disseminating important research. We
- [OHE Presentations at HTAi: Tokyo 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-presentations-htai-tokyo-2016/) - The 2016 HTAi Annual Meeting was held in Tokyo, Japan, 10-14 May 2016. The focus of the meeting was Informing Health Care Decisions with Values and Evidence. This post contains presentations given by the OHE team. The 2016 HTAi Annual Meeting was held in Tokyo, Japan, 10-14 May 2016. The focus of the meeting was
- [OHE Posters at HTAi: Tokyo 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-posters-htai-tokyo-2016/) - This post contains posters which were presented by members of the OHE team at the 2016 HTAi Annual Meeting held in Tokyo, Japan, 10-14 May. This post contains posters which were presented by members of the OHE team at the 2016 HTAi Annual Meeting held in Tokyo, Japan, 10-14 May.Slides from presentations given by OHE’s
- [What Drives Variations in Relative Effectiveness Across Countries?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-drives-variations-relative-effectiveness-across-countries/) - This study provides an analytical framework, drawing on production function theory, to identify and quantify the determinants of relative effectiveness and sources of variation in the relative effectiveness of treatments between populations and healthcare systems. Relative effectiveness is a key topic within health policy. In Europe, this is due to the need for early information
- [New Publication: EuroQol Protocols for Time Trade-Off Valuation of Health States](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-euroqol-protocols-time-trade-valuation-health-states/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah is co-author of a new paper examining EuroQol protocols for time trade-off valuation of health states. Time trade-off (TTO) is a stated preference technique that can be used to obtain values for health states for use in the economic evaluation of health technologies. Several variants of TTO are available. Protocols for implementing
- [OHE at ISPOR Washington DC (1): HTA, Evidence and Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-washington-dc-1-hta-evidence-and-pricing/) - This is part one of two posts containing posters and presentations by members of the OHE team at ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting held in Washington DC, 20-25th May 2016. ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting was held in Washington DC, 20-25th May 2016. Several members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference.
- [OHE at ISPOR Washington DC (2): EQ-5D and Valuing Health Gains.](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-washington-dc-2-eq-5d-and-valuing-health-gains/) - This is part two of two posts containing posters and presentations by members of the OHE team at ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting held in Washington DC, 20-25th May 2016. ISPOR’s 21st Annual International Meeting was held in Washington DC, 20-25th May 2016. Several members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference.
- [The Precautionary Principle in Healthcare](https://www.ohe.org/news/precautionary-principle-healthcare/) - In our daily lives, we take precautions routinely: we look both ways before we cross a road, and if we drive a car, we are constantly alert to avoid danger. This process does not require scientific ‘proof’. It is a natural process. This so-called “precautionary principle” (PP) has until now not found a place in
- [OHE’s Paula Lorgelly Appointed as a Visiting Professor at King’s College London](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-paula-lorgelly-appointed-visiting-professor-kings-college-london/) - Paula Lorgelly has accepted an appointment as a Visiting Professor in the Division of Cancer Studies at King’s College London. Paula Lorgelly, OHE’s Deputy Director, has been appointed as a Visiting Professor in the Division of Cancer Studies at King’s College London. This appointment enables her to continue her collaboration with Prof Richard Sullivan and
- [OHE at PROMs Conference Sheffield 2016: Presentations and Posters](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-proms-conference-sheffield-2016-presentations-and-posters/) - The inaugural PROMs Conference was held in Sheffield on Thursday 9th June 2016. This post contains presentations and posters given by the OHE team. The inaugural PROMs Conference was held in Sheffield on Thursday 9th June 2016. The aim of this conference was to bring together leading researchers to discuss cutting edge developments in patient reported
- [Age, Utilities, and Self-Reported Health: Issues for HTA](https://www.ohe.org/news/age-utilities-and-self-reported-health-issues-hta/) - On Wednesday 18th May OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla presented an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on age, utilities and self-reported health. This post contains a short summary and the slides. On Wednesday 18th May 2016 OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla presented an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on age, utilities and self-reported health. The aim of the research presented by Patricia was
- [New OHE Seminar Briefing: Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector: What Works?](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-seminar-briefing-waiting-time-policies-health-sector-what-works/) - On 16th September 2015 Professor Luigi Siciliani led an OHE lunchtime seminar on waiting time policies in the health sector. The seminar briefing is now available. On 16th September 2015 Professor Luigi Siciliani of the University of York led an OHE lunchtime seminar on waiting time policies in the health sector. The corresponding OHE Seminar Briefing
- [Dr Francois Maignen joins the OHE team as Head of Operational Research and Data Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/news/dr-francois-maignen-joins-ohe-team-head-operational-research-and-data-analysis/) - OHE is pleased to announce that Dr Francois Maignen has joined the team as Head of Operational Research and Data Analysis. Francois’s principal areas of expertise are in the clinical development (methodology of clinical trials) and regulation of medicines for human use. OHE is pleased to announce that Dr Francois Maignen has joined the team as
- [OHE and ABPI Webinar: New EQ-5D-5L value sets for England and the UK and Implications for HTA](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-and-abpi-webinar-new-eq-5d-5l-value-sets-england-and-uk-and-implications-hta/) - The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, in conjunction with the Office of Health Economics, invites you to register for a webinar on Monday 18th July: New EQ-5D-5L value sets for England and the UK and implications for HTA. The EQ-5D is one of the most widely used generic measures of health related quality of
- [OHE Workshop: Surrogate Endpoints as Predictors of Overall Survival in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-workshop-surrogate-endpoints-predictors-overall-survival-oncology/) - On Tuesday 28th June 2016 OHE held a workshop on the topic of surrogate endpoints as predictors of overall survival in oncology. The workshop was commissioned by the Pharmaceutical Oncology Initiative (POI) as part of a wider research project being undertaken by OHE. A clinical endpoint is an aspect of a patient’s clinical or health
- [OHE Awarded Funding for Seven Projects by the EuroQol Research Foundation](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-awarded-funding-seven-projects-euroqol-research-foundation/) - OHE is set to work on seven new projects funded by the EuroQol Research Foundation. The work will cover a range of topics from understanding the aspects of health that are important to people, to analysing the distribution of EQ-5D observations, to exploring the appropriateness of the EQ‐5D questionnaire in Asian populations. Members of the
- [OHE is Pleased to Host Four MSc Students for 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-pleased-host-four-msc-students-2016/) - OHE is pleased to be working with four MSc students this year. The students, from City University and the London School of Economics, will spend three months at OHE being supervised and trained by various members of the OHE team whilst completing their MSc theses. OHE is pleased to be working with four MSc students
- [OHE at AES 2016: Early Access Schemes, Equity Adjusted QALYs, Multi-indication Pricing and Formulary Development](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-aes-2016-early-access-schemes-equity-adjusted-qalys-multi-indication-pricing-and-formulary/) - The Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) Conference was held at the University of Murcia, 15-18th June 2016. The topic of the meeting was “Reforms under the microscope”. Several members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference; this post summarises their activity. The 36th Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) Conference was held at
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar and Webinar on 21 September 2016: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-and-webinar-21-september-2016-health-economic-evaluation-throughout-ages/) - On Wednesday 21st September, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages. On Wednesday 21st September, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the
- [OHE at EuHEA 2016: Opportunity Costs, Value Based Pricing, Economies of Scope and Quality of Life](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-euhea-2016-opportunity-costs-value-based-pricing-economies-scope-and-quality-life/) - The biannual EuHEA Conference was held at the Hamburg Center for Health Economics (HCHE), 13-16th July 2016. The topic of the meeting was “Know the Ropes - Balancing Costs and Quality in Health Care”. Members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference; this post summarises their activity. The EuHEA Conference 2016 was
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Health Technology Assessment Scientific and Outcomes Advice on Medicinal Drug Development](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-health-technology-assessment-scientific-and-outcomes-advice-medicinal/) - On Wednesday 5th October, OHE will host a lunchtime seminar on the topic of: Health Technology Assessment Scientific and Outcomes Advice on Medicinal Drug Development: Current and Future Perspectives and Challenges. On Wednesday 5th October, OHE will host a lunchtime seminar on the topic of: Health Technology Assessment Scientific and Outcomes Advice on Medicinal Drug
- [The Application of Anchoring Vignettes to the EQ-5D-5L: A Possible Solution to Reporting Heterogeneity in PROMs](https://www.ohe.org/news/application-anchoring-vignettes-eq-5d-5l-possible-solution-reporting-heterogeneity-proms-0/) - Responses on subjective scales (like the EQ-5D) will be inaccurate if groups systematically differ in their use and/or interpretation of the categories. Anchoring vignettes offer a promising solution to reporting heterogeneity. For the last 5 years OHE’s Deputy Director, Paula Lorgelly has been researching reporting behaviour/reporting heterogeneity in self-reported health (SRH) measures, including the EQ-5D.
- [Two New Publications: ‘New Age Decision Making in HTA’ and ‘How Can HTA in Asia-Pacific Respond to Increased Clinical Uncertainty?’](https://www.ohe.org/news/two-new-publications-new-age-decision-making-hta-and-how-can-hta-asia-pacific-respond/) - OHE has just published two new briefings entitled ‘New Age Decision Making in HTA’ and ‘How Can HTA in Asia-Pacific Respond to Increased Clinical Uncertainty as a Consequence of Expedited US and EU Regulatory Processes?’. Both publications are reports of panel sessions held at the HTAi 2016 meeting in Tokyo. OHE has just published two
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 21 September 2016: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-21-september-2016-health-economic-evaluation-throughout-ages/) - On Wednesday 21st September, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages. On Wednesday 21st September, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the
- [New Publication: Four Case Studies to Explore the Added Value of Oxford AHSN](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-four-case-studies-explore-added-value-oxford-ahsn/) - Just published is a new OHE Consulting Report entitled: Four Case Studies to Explore the Added Value of Oxford AHSN. The report provides evidence that the Oxford AHSN is capable of promoting high quality NHS care and delivering projects which improve patient outcomes, at a cost that appears to represent good value for money. Just
- [OHE at Priorities 2016: Valuing Health at the End of Life and MCDA for Priority Setting](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-priorities-2016-valuing-health-end-life-and-mcda-priority-setting/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah presented findings from his review of public preferences regarding end of life treatments at the Priorities 2016 conference in Birmingham. Martina Garau chaired a session on MCDA for priority setting in health care. The 11th biennial meeting of the International Society on Priorities in Health took place at the University of Birmingham
- [OHE is Recruiting for Two Economists](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-two-economists/) - OHE is seeking to recruit two well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economists. The economists will contribute to research and consultancy activities. OHE is seeking to recruit two well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economists, with particular strengths in the economics of one or more of: health technology assessment, the economics of health care systems and the
- [New Report Published: Improving Efficiency and Resource Allocation in Future Cancer Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-report-published-improving-efficiency-and-resource-allocation-future-cancer-care/) - The Office of Health Economics (OHE) and the Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE) publish a report evaluating the efficiency of resource allocation in cancer care across Europe. Treatments for and diagnosis of cancer have experienced significant advancement over the past few decades. Yet the burden of cancer across an ageing European population continues to
- [OHE is pleased to appoint two Senior Visiting Fellows: Professor David Parkin and Professor Lou Garrison](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-pleased-appoint-two-senior-visiting-fellows-professor-david-parkin-and-professor-lou/) - OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of two new Senior Visiting Fellows: Professor David Parkin and Professor Lou Garrison. OHE is pleased to announce the appointment of its first two Senior Visiting Fellows: Professor David Parkin and Professor Lou Garrison. These appointments stem from Dave and Lou’s significant contributions to OHE’s programme of research
- [Contract Theory: Nobel Offerings to Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/news/contract-theory-nobel-offerings-health-economics/) - The Nobel in Economics was awarded to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström for their research on Contract Theory. This blog reviews the contributions of contract theory to health economic issues. The 2016 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics) has been awarded
- [OHE at the EuroQol Plenary Meeting 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-euroqol-plenary-meeting-2016/) - OHE’s Amanda Cole, Nancy Devlin, Yan Feng, Mike Herdman and Koonal Shah all contributed to the 33rd Plenary Meeting of the EuroQol Group in Berlin. The EuroQol Group, founded in 1987, is a global network of experts that initiated and continues to develop the EQ-5D, a generic measure of health outcome. The 33rd Plenary Meeting
- [Invitation to OHE's 2016 Annual Lecture with Dame Sally Davies: 10 Years of NIHR: Achievements and Challenges for the Next Decade - 7 November 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/invitation-ohes-2016-annual-lecture-dame-sally-davies-10-years-nihr-achievements-and-challenges/) - OHE’s annual lecture 2016 will be held on Monday 7 November at the Royal College of Physicians, London. The lecture will be given by Professor Dame Sally Davies on the topic of 10 years of NIHR: Achievements and challenges for the next decade. Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Dame Sally Davies on
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 2016: Risk-sharing, Differential Pricing, the Cancer Drugs Fund, and Patient Reported Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-europe-2016-risk-sharing-differential-pricing-cancer-drugs-fund-and-patient-reported/) - ISPOR’s 19th Annual European Congress is scheduled for 29 October – 2 November 2016 in Vienna. This post contains a summary of the contributions by various members of the OHE team. ISPOR’s 19th Annual European Congress is scheduled for 29 October – 2 November 2016 in Vienna. This post contains a summary of the contributions by
- [New OHE Research Paper: The Distribution of the EQ-5D-5L Index in Patient Populations](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-paper-distribution-eq-5d-5l-index-patient-populations/) - Just published is a new OHE Research paper entitled ‘The Distribution of the EQ-5D-5L Index in Patient Populations’. EQ-5D data are often summarised by an EQ-5D index. The distribution for the original version of the index, the EQ-5D-3L, often shows two distinct groups in patient populations. This is a result of both the distribution of
- [New Publication: Bibliometric Trends of Health Economic Evaluation in Sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-bibliometric-trends-health-economic-evaluation-sub-saharan-africa/) - A new study which explores the relationship between sub-Saharan African authors and their respective co-authors has been published in Globalization and Health. The study was a collaboration between OHE, NICE International and PRICELESS. A new study which explores the relationship between sub-Saharan African authors and their respective co-authors has been published in Globalization and Health.Collaboration
- [Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages](https://www.ohe.org/news/health-economic-evaluation-throughout-ages/) - On Wednesday 21st September 2016, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne led an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages. On Wednesday 21st September 2016, Professor Philip Clarke from the University of Melbourne led an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the
- [OHE is Recruiting an Economist](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-economist/) - OHE is seeking to recruit a well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist. The economist will contribute to research and consultancy activities. OHE is seeking to recruit a well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist, with strengths in the economics of: health technology assessment, the economics of health care systems, and a particular interest in health outcomes
- [Presentations and Posters from ISPOR Europe 2016](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-and-posters-ispor-europe-2016/) - ISPOR’s 19th Annual European Congress was held in Vienna, 29 October – 2 November 2016. Several members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference. This post contains a summary of their activity. ISPOR’s 19th Annual European Congress was held in Vienna, 29 October – 2 November 2016. Several members of the OHE
- [Eliciting the Relative Value of Life Extension at the End of Life](https://www.ohe.org/news/eliciting-relative-value-life-extension-end-life/) - Rachel Baker of Glasgow Caledonian University and Koonal Shah of OHE discussed societal viewpoints regarding end of life treatments at a recent seminar. The London Health Economics Group (LHEG) is a forum for health economists across London to present and discuss their research and ideas. It is run by the City Health Economics Centre. OHE
- [New OHE Research Paper: Uncertainty and Risk in HTA Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-paper-uncertainty-and-risk-hta-decision-making/) - A new OHE Research Paper has just been published on the topic of uncertainty and risk in health technology assessment (HTA) decision making. The report is concerned with uncertainty as it affects the cost effectiveness aspects of HTA. A new OHE Research Paper has just been published on the topic of uncertainty and risk in
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Martin Chalkley and Jon Sussex: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients:  How Much Does Ownership Matter?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-martin-chalkley-and-jon-sussex-providing-health-care-nhs-patients-how/) - On Monday 16th January, Professor Martin Chalkley (University of York) and Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients: How Much Does Ownership Matter? On Monday 16th January 2017, Professor Martin Chalkley (University of York) and Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) will lead an OHE
- [New Publication: Important Aspects of Health Not Captured by EQ-5D](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-important-aspects-health-not-captured-eq-5d/) - A new OHE Research Paper examines the views of the UK general public about aspects of health considered to be missing from the five EQ-5D dimensions. Just published is a new OHE Research Paper entitled Important aspects of health not captured by EQ-5D: Views of the UK general public. The paper is authored by OHE’s
- [Recently Published: MCDA to Elicit Stakeholders’ Preferences: The Case of Obinutuzumab for Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-mcda-elicit-stakeholders-preferences-case-obinutuzumab-rituximab-refractory/) - This paper uses MCDA to obtain preferences on decision criteria across three stakeholder groups (patients, clinicians and payers) in Italy and then uses these preferences to assess the value of obinutuzumab for rituximab-refractory iNHL. Recently published is a paper that derives the views and preferences of three stakeholder groups (patients, clinicians and payers) across decision
- [OHE at HESG Winter 2017: Meet the Team](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-winter-2017-meet-team/) - The HESG Winter 2017 Conference is to be held in Birmingham from 4th to 6th January 2017. Several members of the OHE team will be attending and contributing to the conference. This post contains a summary of their activity. The Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) Winter 2017 Conference is to be hosted by the Health
- [New OHE Research Paper: Extrapolation from Progression Free Survival to Overall Survival in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-paper-extrapolation-progression-free-survival-overall-survival-oncology/) - The Office of Health Economics, in a research project funded by the Pharmaceutical Oncology Initiative (POI), has published a report entitled: Extrapolation from Progression Free Survival to Overall Survival in Oncology. The Office of Health Economics, in a research project funded by the Pharmaceutical Oncology Initiative (POI), has published a new report entitled: Extrapolation from
- [Comparing the Cancer-Specific EORTC-8D and the Generic EQ-5D-3L](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-cancer-specific-eortc-8d-and-generic-eq-5d-3l/) - This early view paper published in Quality of Life Research compares a condition-specific preference based measure to a generic measure in a population of cancer patients. There is a wealth of literature that questions the sensitivity of generic preference-based measures (PBMs) of health. To address this a number of condition-specific PBMs have been developed, although
- [Recently Published: Reports on Policy Options for Formulary Development in Middle-income Countries and A Case Study from Mexico](https://www.ohe.org/news/recently-published-reports-policy-options-formulary-development-middle-income-countries-and/) - OHE has published a new report discussing a framework to help middle-income countries efficiently identify medicines for formulary inclusion. A second publication applies this framework to the Mexican decision making system as a case study. A number of middle-income countries (MICs) are evolving their health systems toward universal health coverage for patient populations. PhRMA commissioned
- [New Publication: Assessing Evidence and Access Associated with NICE HTA Decisions Categorised as “Recommended in Line with Clinical Practice”](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-assessing-evidence-and-access-associated-nice-hta-decisions-categorised/) - A new OHE Research Paper assesses the nature of evidence used to reach HTA decisions which NICE have classified as “Recommended in Line with Clinical Practice” between 2007 and mid-2016. The level of patient access associated with these decisions has also been assessed. Just published is a new OHE Research Paper entitled: An Analysis of
- [Maynard Matters: A New Publication Covering Alan Maynard’s Contribution to Global Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/news/maynard-matters-new-publication-covering-alan-maynards-contribution-global-health-economics/) - Maynard Matters is a new publication edited by Richard Cookson, Maria Goddard and Trevor Sheldon, published by University of York. The publication covers Alan’s contribution to global Health Economics, his thinking about the UK NHS, and his roles as a the Founding Director of CHE, the Founding Editor of the journal Health Economics and Chair
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Andrea Manca: Economic Evaluation for Decision-making and the Value of Access to Individual Patient Data](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-andrea-manca-economic-evaluation-decision-making-and-value-access/) - Professor Andrea Manca from the University of York will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 13th February 2017 on the topic of economic evaluation for decision-making and the value of access to individual patient data. Professor Andrea Manca from the University of York will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 13th February 2017 on the
- [Value and Cancer: Journal of Cancer Policy Special Issue](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-and-cancer-journal-cancer-policy-special-issue/) - A special issue of the Journal of Cancer Policy entitled ‘Value and Cancer’ includes three papers authored by OHE researchers. Professor Bengt Jönsson, a member of OHE’s Research and Policy Committee, is guest editor of a special issue of the Journal of Cancer Policy entitled ‘Value and Cancer’. The issue covers a range of topics related
- [Alastair Fischer appointed as Senior Visiting Fellow at OHE](https://www.ohe.org/news/alastair-fischer-appointed-senior-visiting-fellow-ohe/) - Alastair Fischer has recently been awarded an honorary position as Senior Visiting Fellow at OHE. Alastair Fischer has recently been awarded an honorary position as Senior Visiting Fellow at OHE. Alastair worked with OHE as Principal Health Economist throughout 2016. Prior to this he worked at NICE for a number of years, on both Technology Appraisals
- [The Office of Health Economics Becomes a Registered Charity](https://www.ohe.org/news/office-health-economics-becomes-registered-charity/) - On the 1st February 2017 OHE held a launch to celebrate our new status as a registered charity. The establishment of OHE as a charity offers new directions and new opportunities, and also brings new funding opportunities – for example, with UK research councils. On 1st February 2017 OHE held a launch to celebrate our
- [How Should We Choose the Measure of ‘Average’ Preferences?](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-should-we-choose-measure-average-preferences/) - New OHE Research Paper: What is the normative basis for selecting the measure of ‘average’ preferences for use in social choices? Value sets for preference-based patient-reported outcome measures aim to provide, for each health state defined by the measure, a single utility value that reflects the average preferences of the general public. But what precisely
- [OHE is Pleased to Announce the Appointment of Two New Economists: Margherita Neri and Jimena Ferraro](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-pleased-announce-appointment-two-new-economists-margherita-neri-and-jimena-ferraro/) - Margherita Neri and Jimena Ferraro joined the OHE team in December 2016 and January 2017, respectively. We welcome them to the team. Margherita Neri joined the OHE team in December 2016 following completion of her MSc in Economics at University College London. She also holds an undergraduate degree in Economics and Statistics from the University
- [New OHE Consulting Report: Exploring the Assessment and Appraisal of Regenerative Medicines and Cell Therapy Products: Is the NICE Approach Fit for Purpose?](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-consulting-report-exploring-assessment-and-appraisal-regenerative-medicines-and-cell/) - Just published is a new OHE Consulting Report entitled: Exploring the Assessment and Appraisal of Regenerative Medicines and Cell Therapy Products: Is the NICE Approach Fit for Purpose? The purpose of the new OHE report is to explore a review exercise undertaken by NICE and the University of York and to assess whether or not
- [Does a Biomedical Research Centre Affect Patient Care in Local Hospitals?](https://www.ohe.org/news/does-biomedical-research-centre-affect-patient-care-local-hospitals/) - A new publications titled: Does a biomedical research centre affect patient care in local hospitals? has just been published in Health Research Policy and Systems. The article explores the impact of biomedical research on patient care with Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust. A new publication entitled: Does a biomedical research centre affect patient care in
- [Vale Kenneth Arrow! Tony Culyer Writes on the Contributions of the Greatest Economist of Our Time and the Intellectual Father of Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/news/vale-kenneth-arrow-tony-culyer-writes-contributions-greatest-economist-our-time-and/) - Kenneth Arrow arguably the greatest economist of our time and the intellectual father of health economics passed away this week. He left a legacy of unrivalled contributions to economics and health economics. Tony Culyer explores the work of the great man and challenges us to revisit his seminal 1963 paper. In this obituary Tony Culyer,
- [Educational Webinar: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis for Health Care Decision Making - Emerging Good Practices](https://www.ohe.org/news/educational-webinar-multiple-criteria-decision-analysis-health-care-decision-making-emerging/) - On Thursday 16th March, OHE's Nancy Devlin will lead an educational webinar, in collaboration with Kevin Marsh and Praveen Thokala, on Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis for Health Care Decision Making - Emerging Good Practices. On Thursday 16th March, OHE's Nancy Devlin will lead an ISPOR educational webinar, in collaboration with Kevin Marsh and Praveen Thokala,
- [New Seminar Briefing: Delivering an Outcomes-based NHS: Creating the Right Conditions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-seminar-briefing-delivering-outcomes-based-nhs-creating-right-conditions/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Dr Nicholas Hicks, Co-founder and Chief Executive of COBIC. Dr Hicks describes COBIC’s outcomes-centred approach that has been adopted by NHS services across England. Just published is a new OHE Seminar Briefing entitled: Delivering an Outcomes-based NHS: Creating the Right Conditions. This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises
- [New Member of the EuroQol Group: OHE’s Dr Yan Feng](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-member-euroqol-group-ohes-dr-yan-feng/) - OHE’s Yan Feng becomes a member of the EuroQol Research Foundation. Dr Yan Feng, Senior Economist at OHE, has been awarded membership of the EuroQol Research Foundation, the not-for profit research organisation which developed the EQ-5D, a widely used measure of self-reported health.Dr Feng has been involved in statistical and econometric analysis of EQ-5D data since 2011,
- [New Publication: Gene Therapy: Understanding the Science, Assessing the Evidence, and Paying for Value](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-gene-therapy-understanding-science-assessing-evidence-and-paying-value/) - Just published is a new report entitled: Gene Therapy: Understanding the Science, Assessing the Evidence, and Paying for Value. The publication is a report of the 2016 ICER Membership Policy Summit. Just published is a new report entitled: Gene Therapy: Understanding the Science, Assessing the Evidence, and Paying for Value. The report was developed by
- [Important Variations in Access to Orphan Drugs in France, Italy, Germany, Spain and the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/important-variations-access-orphan-drugs-france-italy-germany-spain-and-uk/) - A new OHE report compares the availability and access of orphan medicinal products (OMPs) in the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. A new OHE Consulting Report has been published that compares the availability of and access to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) in the UK (England, Scotland and Wales), France, Germany, Italy and Spain. The analysis quantifies the
- [EQ-5D and the EuroQol Group: Past, Present and Future](https://www.ohe.org/news/eq-5d-and-euroqol-group-past-present-and-future/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin and co-author Richard Brooks have published a new paper that provides an overview of the development of the EQ-5D; the current state of play; and what the future might hold for the further development and use of EQ-5D instruments in HTA and other applications. A new article has been published in
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar and Webinar with Professor David Grabowski: Interventions that Encourage High-Value Nursing Home Care: Lessons for the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-and-webinar-professor-david-grabowski-interventions-encourage-high-value/) - Professor David Grabowski from Harvard University will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 19 April 2017 on the topic of interventions that encourage high-value nursing home care: lessons for the UK. Professor David Grabowski from Harvard University will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on 19 April 2017 on the topic of interventions that encourage high-value
- [How Important are the Differences Between the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-3L Value Sets?](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-important-are-differences-between-eq-5d-5l-and-eq-5d-3l-value-sets/) - There are three EQ-5D value sets available for use in cost effectiveness analysis in the UK and/or England: - the UK EQ-5D-3L value set (often called the ‘MVH’ value set) which has been used for two decades, e.g. in evidence submitted to NICE (Dolan, 1997); - a ‘crosswalk’ value set (van Hout et al., 2012),
- [New Paper in Quality of Life Research - Can Patients’ Self-Reported Pain be Compared and Aggregated in Multi-Country Studies?](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-paper-quality-life-research-can-patients-self-reported-pain-be-compared-and-aggregated/) - OHE’s Yan Feng, Mike Herdman, David Parkin and Nancy Devlin have a new paper in Quality of Life Research to exploring whether patients’ self-reported pain can be compared and aggregated in multi-country studies A new journal article entitled “An exploration of differences between Japan and two European countries in self-reporting and valuation of pain and
- [OHE is Pleased to Announce the Appointment of a New Economist: David Mott](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-pleased-announce-appointment-new-economist-david-mott/) - David Mott joined the OHE team in March 2017. Prior to this David was a full-time PhD student at the Institute of Health & Society at Newcastle University. David Mott joined the OHE team in March 2017. Prior to this David was a full-time PhD student in Health Economics at the Institute of Health &
- [Promoting Evidence-based Health Care Policy in Spain: 6th Annual Workshop with EvaluAES](https://www.ohe.org/news/promoting-evidence-based-health-care-policy-spain-6th-annual-workshop-evaluaes/) - On the 10th of March 2017 EvaluAES held its 6th annual workshop on economic evaluation of health policies. The promotion of evidence-based health care policy is a key challenge for many national health care systems. Spain is addressing this challenge via a special interest group on the evaluation of health policies and health care services.
- [Do People of Different Ages Value Health Differently?](https://www.ohe.org/news/do-people-different-ages-value-health-differently/) - A new OHE Research Paper entitled “Age and Utilities: Issues for HTA” is available to download. In the UK, the Measurement and Valuation of Health (MVH) value set (Dolan, 1997) is used to generate the quality-adjusted life year estimates to inform health technology assessment (HTA) decision making by NICE.The values in the MVH set are
- [HTAi Asia Policy Forum Briefing Papers: Value and Affordability, Transferability, and Delivery of High Quality HTA for Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/news/htai-asia-policy-forum-briefing-papers-value-and-affordability-transferability-and-delivery/) - The fourth annual meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum was held in November 2016. OHE produced Background Briefing Papers for each of these four meetings covering a variety of topics relevant to the development of HTA in Asia, all of which are now available. This post contains a summary of each report. The fourth
- [Is There Societal Support for an End of Life Premium?](https://www.ohe.org/news/there-societal-support-end-life-premium/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah gave a presentation on the evidence of societal support for an end of life premium at the Pharmaccess Leaders Forum in Milan on 5th May. On 5th May 2017, OHE’s Koonal Shah attended and presented at the Pharmaccess Leaders Forum in Milan, Italy. His presentation examined the extent of societal support for
- [Invitation to OHE's Annual Lecture 2017: Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/news/invitation-ohes-annual-lecture-2017-why-are-mortality-rates-rising-middle-aged-white-non/) - OHE’s annual lecture 2017 will be held on Thursday 15 June at the Royal Society, London. The lecture will be given by Professors Anne Case and Sir Angus Deaton on the topic of: Why are mortality rates rising for middle-aged white non-Hispanic Americans? Could it happen in Europe? Join OHE for an evening lecture with
- [Incentives for New Drugs and Vaccines to Tackle Anti-Microbial Resistance](https://www.ohe.org/news/incentives-new-drugs-and-vaccines-tackle-anti-microbial-resistance/) - Resistance to antibiotics is growing. Additional R&D is required. Both Transferable Intellectual Property Rights and Market Entry Rewards should be explored for use in Europe as a regional “pull” incentive. A new OHE Briefing has just been published entitled: Incentives for New Drugs to Tackle Anti-Microbial Resistance.Resistance to antibiotics is growing, posing a major health
- [Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Healthcare Decisions: Opportunities, Challenges and Unresolved Questions](https://www.ohe.org/news/multi-criteria-decision-analysis-mcda-support-healthcare-decisions-opportunities-challenges-and/) - Just published is a new book entitled “Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to Support Healthcare Decisions”. It features a chapter by OHE’s Martina Garau and Professor Nancy Devlin on opportunities and challenges of MCDA in HTA. Just published is a book that brings together, for the first time, experts in different approaches to multi-criteria decision analysis
- [New Publication: ‘Macro’ Evaluation of the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-macro-evaluation-nihr-oxford-biomedical-research-centre/) - OHE and RAND Europe were commissioned by the Oxford BRC to undertake a programme of top-down evaluations of aspects of the impact of the BRC. This research looked at the health, economic and scientific impact of Oxford BRC’s research activity. The Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) was established in April 2007 with funding from the
- [OHE is Recruiting for Two Economists](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-recruiting-two-economists-0/) - OHE is seeking to recruit two well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economists, with particular strengths in the economics of one or more of: health technology assessment, the economics of health care systems and the economics of the life sciences industry. The positions are for one year in the first instance, with the expectation of continuing appointment
- [Assessing the Value of New Antibiotics: Additional Elements of Value for Health Technology Assessment Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-value-new-antibiotics-additional-elements-value-health-technology-assessment/) - Without new antibiotics, more patients will die from previously treatable infections. A key issue is how the value of antibiotics can be appropriately assessed by payers and HTA bodies. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they
- [OHE at the PROMs Research Conference 2017](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-proms-research-conference-2017/) - OHE at the PROMs Research Conference 2017 (Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes Research) Following the success of last year’s inaugural conference in Sheffield (see here for a summary of OHE’s contributions), the second annual UK & Ireland PROMs Conference will be held at St Anne’s College, Oxford on 8th June 2017. This one-day conference will
- [OHE at HTAi 2017: Meet the Team](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-htai-2017-meet-team/) - The HTAi Annual Meeting 2017 will be held in Rome, Italy, 17-21st June 2017. The theme of the meeting is Towards an HTA Ecosystem: From Local Needs to Global Opportunities. Several members of the OHE team will attend and participate in the conference. The HTAi Annual Meeting 2017 will be held in Rome, Italy, 17-21st
- [Professor Dame Sally Davies: Ten Years of the NIHR: Achievements and Challenges for the Next Decade](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-dame-sally-davies-ten-years-nihr-achievements-and-challenges-next-decade/) - In November 2016 Professor Dame Sally Davies delivered the 23rd OHE Annual Lecture on the topic of: Ten Years of the NIHR: Achievements and Challenges for the Next Decade. The lecture is now available as a publication, available for download. In November 2016 Professor Dame Sally Davies delivered the 23rd OHE Annual Lecture on the
- [Adaptation to Health States: Sick Yet Better Off?](https://www.ohe.org/news/adaptation-health-states-sick-yet-better/) - OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla, joint with Mireia Jofre-Bonet and Victoria Serra-Sastre from City, University of London, have a new paper that examines adaptation to health states using a longitudinal dataset, recently published in Health Economics. Economic evaluation is a common requirement in many countries for reimbursement and adoption decisions. The appropriate measurement of health outcomes is
- [Postdoctoral Position in The Economics of Life Sciences R&D](https://www.ohe.org/news/postdoctoral-position-economics-life-sciences-rd/) - The Structural Genomics Consortium Oxford, University of Oxford, in collaboration with OHE (Prof Adrian Towse) and Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, is recruiting for a Postdoctoral Position in “The Economics of life sciences’ R&D”. The Structural Genomics Consortium Oxford, University of Oxford, in collaboration with OHE (Prof Adrian Towse) and Dr Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz, is recruiting for a
- [OHE at the PROMs Research Conference 2017: Presentations and Posters](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-proms-research-conference-2017-presentations-and-posters/) - The 2nd annual UK & Ireland PROMs research conference was held at St Anne’s College, Oxford on 8th June 2017. Several members of the OHE team attended and contributed to the conference. This post contains the team’s presentations. The 2nd annual UK & Ireland PROMs research conference was held at St Anne’s College, Oxford on
- [OHE at ISPOR Boston 2017: Presentations and Posters](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-boston-2017-presentations-and-posters/) - A selection of the posters and presentations delivered by OHE at the ISPOR 22nd Annual International Meeting in Boston, May 2017, are available below.Adrian Towse participated in an invited issues panel, alongside: Peter Neumann (Tufts Medical Center) (Moderator), Lou Garrison (University of Washington and OHE Senior Visiting Fellow), Eleanor Perfetto (National Health Council, US) and
- [OHE at iHEA Boston 2017: Meet the Team](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ihea-boston-2017-meet-team/) - The 2017 iHEA congress will be held in Boston, 7th-11th July 2017. Members of the OHE team will be attending and participating in the conference, and would welcome the opportunity to meet with you. The 2017 biennial congress of the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) will be held in Boston, 7th-11th July. Members of the
- [Assessing Value, Budget Impact, and Affordability in Asia](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-asia/) - A new paper, Assessing Value, Budget Impact, and Affordability in Asia, has been published in the International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. This paper summarises the authors’ views on key thoughts and suggestions emerging from the 2016 HTAi Asia Policy Forum (HAPF) meeting. A new paper, Assessing Value, Budget Impact, and Affordability in
- [OHE at HTAi Rome](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-htai-rome/) - The presentations delivered by OHE at the HTAi Annual Meeting, June 2017, are available in this post. A selection of the presentations delivered by OHE at the HTAi Annual Meeting 2017 held in Rome, Italy, 17-21st June 2017, are available below. The theme of the meeting was Towards an HTA Ecosystem: From Local Needs to
- [Why do Immigrants Report Lower Life Satisfaction?](https://www.ohe.org/news/why-do-immigrants-report-lower-life-satisfaction/) - A new OHE Research paper investigates the evolution of life satisfaction of immigrants over the course of their stay in the host country, and explores the possibility of explaining this evolution by changes in reporting behaviour. Questions of happiness and well-being have increasingly drawn the attention of health economists. The expectation is that they are
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Management in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-management-nhs/) - On Tuesday 5th September 2017, Professor Carol Propper from Imperial College will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Management in the NHS. On Tuesday 5th September 2017, Professor Carol Propper, Imperial College, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Management in the NHS.This seminar will examine how much the
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Cost-Effective are New Cancer Drugs in the U.S.?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-cost-effective-are-new-cancer-drugs-us/) - On Tuesday 19th September 2017, Professor Frank Lichtenberg from Columbia University will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: How cost-effective are new cancer drugs in the U.S.? On Tuesday 19th September 2017, Professor Frank Lichtenberg from Columbia University will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: How cost-effective are new cancer
- [OHE at iHEA 2017: Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ihea-2017-presentations/) - The presentations delivered by OHE at the iHEA congress, July 2017, are available in this post. The presentations delivered by OHE at the 2017 biennial congress of the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) held in Boston, July 2017, are available below. Paula Lorgelly took part in a special invited session on: Adjusting for Differential Item
- [New OHE Seminar Briefing: Interventions that Encourage High-value Nursing Home Care: Lessons for the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-seminar-briefing-interventions-encourage-high-value-nursing-home-care-lessons-uk/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Professor David Grabowski, which provided a health economics perspective on how payment and delivery interventions can encourage high-value nursing home care. A new OHE Seminar Briefing has just been published entitled: Interventions that Encourage High-value Nursing Home Care: Lessons for the UK. This briefing summarises a
- [Comparing the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L in a Cohort of Cancer Patients: A Research Collaboration between OHE, Curtin University and King’s College London](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-eq-5d-3l-and-eq-5d-5l-cohort-cancer-patients-research-collaboration-between-ohe/) - OHE, Curtin and KCL have been awarded a research grant from the EuroQol Research Foundation to compare the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments in cancer patients. OHE, in collaboration with Curtin University and King’s College London, has been awarded a research grant from the EuroQol Research Foundation to compare the sensitivity and responsiveness of the EQ-5D-3L
- [An Update on the EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England](https://www.ohe.org/news/update-eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - In this blog we (1) summarise the current status of the EQ-5D-5L value set for England; (2) highlight NICE’s recent statement on the values to be used in the reference case; (3) briefly explain why there are differences between the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L; and (4) discuss why those differences might be important. We then (5)
- [A New Valuation Method: Directly Eliciting Personal Utility Functions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-valuation-method-directly-eliciting-personal-utility-functions/) - A new OHE Research Paper describes a novel approach for valuing health-related quality of life: directly eliciting personal utility functions Methods commonly used for eliciting the preference data upon which value sets are based (e.g. time trade-off, standard gamble, discrete choice experiment) have in common an aim to ‘uncover’ the preferences of survey respondents by
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: NHS Agency Staffing and the Impact of Recent Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-nhs-agency-staffing-and-impact-recent-interventions/) - On Friday 6th October 2017, Chris Mullin, Chief Economist at the Department of Health, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: NHS agency staffing and the impact of recent interventions. On Friday 6th October 2017, Chris Mullin, Chief Economist at the Department of Health, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the
- [What Determines Health Care Expenditure in High Income Countries?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-determines-health-care-expenditure-high-income-countries/) - OHE’s Yan Feng and Grace Hampson, along with colleagues from the Health Foundation and RAND Europe, have published a new paper in Applied Economics and Finance which explores the factors that determine health care expenditure in OECD countries. A new journal article entitled “What Determines the Health Care Expenditure of High Income Countries?” has been
- [An Insurance Framework for Funding New Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/news/insurance-framework-funding-new-antibiotics/) - A new paper sets out an insurance model as part of a global solution to incentivise R&D for new antibiotics to tackle multi-drug resistance. It offers (i) a reasonable return on R&D; (ii) risk mitigation for payers, providers and manufacturers, (iii) stewardship by delinking revenues from volume of use, and (iv) conservation of antibiotic effectiveness
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit: Past Performance and Future Prospects](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-uk-biotech-sector-and-brexit-past-performance-and-future-prospects/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Sir Geoffrey Owen and Professor Michael Hopkins. The biotech sector of the US has enjoyed a success that the UK sector has found difficult to match. Will the Brexit improve or damage UK's biotech sector prospects? OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Sir Geoffrey Owen and Professor Michael Hopkins: The UK biotech sector
- [OHE at the EuroQol Plenary Meeting 2017](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-euroqol-plenary-meeting-2017/) - A summary of OHE researchers’ contributions to the 34th Plenary Meeting of the EuroQol Group in Barcelona. The EuroQol Group, founded in1987, is a global network of experts that initiated and continues to develop the EQ-5D, a generic measure of health outcome. The 34th Plenary Meeting of the EuroQol Group took place in Barcelona on
- [What do Pharmaceuticals Really Cost in the Long Run?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-do-pharmaceuticals-really-cost-long-run/) - Drug prices in the US might overstate pharmaceuticals' long-run cost up to 75%. True long-term costs then must be considered by market access and policy decisions. OHE's Adrian Towse and Mikel Berdud have published a new journal article, “What do Pharmaceuticals Really Cost in the Long Run?” in the American journal of Managed Care. The
- [OHE is Pleased to Announce the Appointment Two New Economists: Marina Rodes Sanchez and Chris Sampson](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-pleased-announce-appointment-two-new-economists-marina-rodes-sanchez-and-chris-sampson/) - Marina and Chris have both joined the OHE in October 2017. Marina joins following completion of her MSc in Health Economics (City, University of London) and Chris joins from the University of Nottingham. OHE is pleased to welcome Marina Rodes Sanchez and Chris Sampson in October 2017.Marina Rodes Sanchez joins OHE following the completion of
- [Opportunities for Utilising ‘Real World Data’ in South Korea](https://www.ohe.org/news/opportunities-utilising-real-world-data-south-korea/) - OHE publishes a report assessing the capacity in South Korea for the collection and use of real-world data in health care. Real world data (RWD) is information collected from a variety of sources alongside routine clinical practice. It supports the assessment of how a health care intervention performs in ‘real-life’ settings as opposed to a
- [Open Access Week 2017: Open in Order To…](https://www.ohe.org/news/open-access-week-2017-open-order/) - For Open Access Week 2017, the Office of Health Economics highlights its research publication archive dating back to 1962 This week is Open Access Week; an annual event celebrating and promoting the public availability of scholarly output. Here on the OHE website, we host a wealth of material published by our staff and collaborators, all
- [Antimicrobials Resistance: A Call for Multi-disciplinary Action. How Can HTA Help?  A Summary of a Symposium held at HTAi Rome 2017](https://www.ohe.org/news/antimicrobials-resistance-call-multi-disciplinary-action-how-can-hta-help-summary-symposium/) - OHE has just published a new briefing entitled ‘Antimicrobials Resistance: A Call for Multi-disciplinary Action. How Can HTA Help?’ OHE has just published a new briefing entitled ‘Antimicrobials Resistance: A Call for Multi-disciplinary Action. How Can HTA Help?’. This publication is a report of a symposium held at the HTAi 2017 meeting in Rome.Antimicrobial resistance
- [OHE at ISPOR’s 20th Annual European Congress in Glasgow](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispors-20th-annual-european-congress-glasgow/) - Meet OHE researchers in Glasgow, where they’ll be presenting their work at ISPOR from 4th-8th November 2017 Next week, Glasgow will host the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 20th Annual European Congress. OHE researchers will be in attendance and presenting OHE research.The theme for this year’s Congress is The Evolution of Value
- [OHE’s Deputy Director is Standing for the iHEA Board](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-deputy-director-standing-ihea-board/) - OHE’s Deputy Director Paula Lorgelly is standing as a candidate for the International Health Economics Association Board of Directors The International Health Economics Association (iHEA) is one of the leading health economics organisations globally. It seeks to increase communication among health economists, foster high standards of debate on the application of economics to health and
- [Effect of Religion on the Perception of Health States: A Qualitative Study](https://www.ohe.org/news/effect-religion-perception-health-states-qualitative-study-0/) - Just published in BMJ Open: The effect of religion on the perception of health states among adults in the United Arab Emirates The way in which people value health is likely to vary across countries, due to social and cultural factors. In Muslim-majority countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), for example, people’s religious
- [Framing Effects and Study Design Considerations in Stated Preference Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/framing-effects-and-study-design-considerations-stated-preference-research/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah gave a presentation on framing effects and study design considerations in stated preference research at the IAHPR meeting in Glasgow. The International Academy of Health Preference Research (IAHPR) is a relatively new network of multidisciplinary researchers with expertise in stated preference methods. The latest IAHPR meeting took place in Glasgow on 4th
- [Public Health and Economic Implications of the United Kingdom Exiting the EU and the Single Market](https://www.ohe.org/news/public-health-and-economic-implications-united-kingdom-exiting-eu-and-single-market/) - This report explores the consequences of the exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) on public health in the UK and in the EU. A new OHE Consulting report explores the consequences of the exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), ‘Brexit’, on public health in the
- [Routine Funding in the UK NHS of Medicines Authorised Between 2011 and 2016 via the European Centralised Procedure](https://www.ohe.org/news/routine-funding-uk-nhs-medicines-authorised-between-2011-and-2016-european-centralised/) - This report analyses patient access in the UK to new medicines authorised via the centralised procedure between 2011 and 2016. The centralised procedure was created in 1995 to facilitate access to innovative medicines across the European Union (EU). Since then the scope of authorisation via the centralised procedure has been broadened and made mandatory for
- [Challenges in Valuing Temporary Health States for Economic Evaluation: A Review of Empirical Applications of the Chained Time Trade-Off Method](https://www.ohe.org/news/challenges-valuing-temporary-health-states-economic-evaluation-review-empirical-applications/) - A new paper titled “Challenges in Valuing Temporary Health States for Economic Evaluation: A Review of Empirical Applications of the Chained Time Trade-Off Method” has been published in Value in Health. A new paper titled “Challenges in Valuing Temporary Health States for Economic Evaluation: A Review of Empirical Applications of the Chained Time Trade-Off Method”
- [OHE at HESG Winter 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-winter-2018/) - A summary of OHE’s activity at the 2018 winter HESG meeting, City, University of London, 10-12th January. OHE team members will play an active role in the forthcoming Health Economists' Study Group (HESG) Meeting, City, University of London, 10-12th January 2018. We have one paper being discussed and will be discussing others’ papers and chairing
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients: How Much Does Ownership Matter?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-providing-health-care-nhs-patients-how-much-does-ownership-matter/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Martin Chalkley and Jon Sussex: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients: How Much Does Ownership Matter? Googling “private ownership in the NHS” yields a host of links that reveal antipathy towards privately owned health care providers. There are also advocates of the role of the private sector who argue that
- [A New Way of Presenting Health States in Valuation Studies](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-way-presenting-health-states-valuation-studies/) - Recently published in the European Journal of Health Economics is a paper on valuing health states ‘in context’ using a discrete choice experiment. In health state valuation studies, health states are typically presented as a series of sentences, each describing a health dimension and severity ‘level’. Differences between the severity levels can be subtle, and
- [Seminar Briefing: NHS Agency Staffing and the Impact of Recent Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-briefing-nhs-agency-staffing-and-impact-recent-interventions/) - A new OHE Seminar Briefing by Chris Mullin, Chief Economist at the Department of Health, examines growth in expenditure on NHS agency staffing. We have just published Seminar Briefing 22, which summarises a seminar led by Chris Mullin, Chief Economist at the Department of Health in the UK. The title of the seminar was ‘NHS
- [Comparing Preference-based Outcome Measures for Overactive Bladder: EQ-5D-5L vs OAB-5D](https://www.ohe.org/news/comparing-preference-based-outcome-measures-overactive-bladder-eq-5d-5l-vs-oab-5d/) - A recent paper examines EQ-5D-5L outcomes in patients with overactive bladder and compares them to results on the OAB-5D, a condition-specific measure. A new journal article by OHE’s Michael Herdman and Nancy Devlin and colleagues was recently published in The Patient. The paper examines EQ-5D-5L outcomes from a clinical trial in patients with overactive bladder (OAB)
- [Experience-Based Values: A Framework for Classifying Different Types of Experience in Health Valuation Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/experience-based-values-framework-classifying-different-types-experience-health-valuation/) - OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla and Koonal Shah, with Kristina Burström, propose a new framework for classifying experience in health valuation research. A new journal article by OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla and Koonal Shah, with Kristina Burström, was recently published in The Patient. The article proposes a new framework for classifying experience in health valuation research.A common approach
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Valuing Children’s Health for Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-valuing-childrens-health-economic-evaluation/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Oliver Rivero-Arias on Valuing Children’s Health for Economic Evaluation. 29 March 2018 12:00-2:00pm OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Oliver Rivero-Arias on Valuing Children’s Health for Economic Evaluation. To be held on 29th March 2018 from 12pm to 2pm. Economic evaluations of treatments for children have primarily used adult preferences when estimating health benefits
- [Cancer Survivorship Burden](https://www.ohe.org/news/cancer-survivorship-burden/) - A new paper entitled “Survivorship Burden for Individuals, Households and Society: Estimates and Methodology” has been published in the Journal of Cancer Policy. An article by OHE’s Paula Lorgelly and Margherita Neri will be published in a special issue of the Journal of Cancer Policy. The issue focuses on cancer survivors and cancer survivorship and
- [Our Contributions to the Economics of Personalised Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/news/our-contributions-economics-personalised-medicine/) - OHE has authored numerous papers on personalised medicine with contributions to value frameworks, innovations in pricing and cost effectiveness analyses. This blog post is a joint publication with the UK Pharmacogenetics and Stratified Medicine Network. The Office of Health Economics has made a number of important contributions to the understanding of the economics of stratified/precision/personalised medicines.
- [Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe? 24th Annual Lecture Publication](https://www.ohe.org/news/why-are-mortality-rates-rising-middle-aged-white-non-hispanic-americans-could-it-happen-europe/) - Download OHE’s 24th Annual Lecture publication: Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe? In June 2017, Professor Anne Case and Professor Sir Angus Deaton delivered the 24th OHE Annual Lecture: Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe? The lecture
- [Minimal Access Surgery – Why Don’t We Do More?](https://www.ohe.org/news/minimal-access-surgery-why-dont-we-do-more/) - OHE Consulting publishes a report on the barriers to the uptake of minimal access surgery in the NHS and private sector. Surgical practice has come a long way, barely recognisable from the risky “art” form it once was. With the scientific advancement of anaesthesia, infection control, surgical equipment and surgeon skill, surgery is now an
- [Appraising Ultra-Orphan Drugs: Is Cost-per-QALY Appropriate?](https://www.ohe.org/news/appraising-ultra-orphan-drugs-cost-qaly-appropriate/) - A new OHE report discusses NICE’s introduction of a cost-effectiveness threshold to appraise ultra-orphan drugs. A new OHE Consulting Report has been published that discusses the use of a cost-per-QALY gained decision rule to appraise treatments for very rare conditions, as part of the NICE Highly Specialised Technologies (HSTs) programme.The NICE HST programme started in
- [Value Frameworks: Value in Health Special Issue](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-frameworks-value-health-special-issue/) - A recent issue of Value in Health contains the ISPOR Special Task Force Report on US Value Assessment Frameworks. In this blog post, we summarise the Task Force Report and pick up key points made in the various response articles. We also highlight further OHE work in this area. A recent issue of Value in Health
- [Incorporating Quantitative Patient Preference Data into Healthcare Decision Making Processes: Is HTA Falling Behind?](https://www.ohe.org/news/incorporating-quantitative-patient-preference-data-healthcare-decision-making-processes-hta/) - A recently published editorial by OHE’s David Mott considers whether quantitative patient preference data has a role to play in HTA decision making. A recently published editorial by OHE’s David Mott considers whether quantitative patient preference data has a role to play in health technology assessment (HTA) decision making.Evidence on patient preferences can be incorporated
- [Valuing Health at the End of Life: A Review of Stated Preference Studies in the Social Sciences Literature](https://www.ohe.org/news/valuing-health-end-life-review-stated-preference-studies-social-sciences-literature/) - Just published in Social Science & Medicine: a review of stated preferences examining the extent of support for an end of life premium. A source of debate in the health care priority setting literature is whether to weight health gains to account for equity considerations, such as concern for those with very short life expectancy.
- [New Methods for Analysing the Distribution of EQ-5D Observations](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-methods-analysing-distribution-eq-5d-observations/) - Our latest OHE Research Paper presents new methods for summarising EQ-5D data from patients. Our latest OHE Research Paper has been published, presenting new methods for analysing the distribution of EQ-5D observations, led by Bernarda Zamora. EQ-5D profile data – that is, the levels of problems reported on each of the five dimensions of health -
- [New Publications: Optimal Development and Use of Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Formulary Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publications-optimal-development-and-use-real-world-evidence-coverage-and-formulary/) - Just published are two new reports that explore the use of real world evidence for coverage and formulary decisions. The publications represent 1) the background paper to the 2017 ICER Membership Policy Summit and 2) a follow up paper based on the discussion at the Summit. Two new reports explore the use of real world
- [Professor Graham Cookson Appointed OHE Director Designate](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-graham-cookson-appointed-ohe-director-designate/) - The Office of Health Economics Trustees have appointed Professor Graham Cookson as Director Designate. He will be the successor to Professor Adrian Towse as OHE Director. Adrian plans to step back from running the OHE by the end of 2018 after 25 years. He will continue to be involved in OHE research and consulting projects.
- [Seminar Briefing: The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit](https://www.ohe.org/news/seminar-briefing-uk-biotech-sector-and-brexit/) - In this paper, Sir Geoffrey Owen and Dr Michael Hopkins discuss ‘The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit: Past Performance and Future Prospects’. We have just published Seminar Briefing 23, which summarises a seminar led by Sir Geoffrey Owen and Dr Michael Hopkins. The title of the seminar was ‘The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit: Past
- [A New Online Tool for Creating Personal and Social EQ-5D-5L Value Sets](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-online-tool-creating-personal-and-social-eq-5d-5l-value-sets/) - OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin has been collaborating on a new approach to creating personal and social EQ-5D-5L value sets, based on a web application. OHE’s Prof Nancy Devlin has been collaborating with researchers at the University of Otago (New Zealand) and 1000minds on a new approach for creating personal and social EQ-5D-5L value sets. Preliminary
- [OHE’s In-house Publications Are Now Indexed by RePEc](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-house-publications-are-now-indexed-repec/) - OHE is on RePEc: find publications from the Office of Health Economics in Research Papers in Economics. For many years, we’ve been publishing our work – free to read – on our website. We publish Research Papers, Consulting Reports, and several other series. Now, in addition to being able to access OHE’s in-house publications via our
- [Promoting Evidence-based Health Care Policy in Spain: EvaluAES 7th Annual Workshop](https://www.ohe.org/news/promoting-evidence-based-health-care-policy-spain-evaluaes-7th-annual-workshop/) - On 13th of April 2018, EvaluAES held its 7th annual workshop on economic evaluation of health policies. In April 2018, EvaluAES held its 7th annual workshop on economic evaluation of health policies. OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla joint with Laura Vallejo-Torres (University College London and University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) coordinated a special interest group
- [Should Drug Prices Differ by Indication? The Debate on Indication-based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/should-drug-prices-differ-indication-debate-indication-based-pricing/) - OHE Consulting has produced a report summarising the literature on indication-based pricing and how it has been applied in the U.S. and 5 European countries. OHE Consulting has produced a report summarising the literature on indication-based pricing and how it has been applied in the U.S. and 5 European countries. In this blog post, Amanda Cole summarises
- [Making Outcome-based Payments a Reality in the NHS: A Research Collaboration between OHE, RAND Europe and King’s College London](https://www.ohe.org/news/making-outcome-based-payments-reality-nhs-research-collaboration-between-ohe-rand-europe-and/) - OHE, in collaboration with RAND Europe and King’s College, has been awarded a research grant from Cancer Research UK exploring outcome-based payments. OHE, in collaboration with RAND Europe and King’s College London, has been awarded a research grant from Cancer Research UK in partnership with Greater Manchester Health & Social Care Partnership (GMHSCP). The aim
- [OHE at ISPOR 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-2018/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 2018 conference in Baltimore, 19-23 May. Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 2018 conference in Baltimore, 19-23 May. The theme for ISPOR 2018 is Real-world Evidence, Digital Health, and the
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Can We Evaluate the Cost-effectiveness of Health System Strengthening? A Platforms Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-can-we-evaluate-cost-effectiveness-health-system-strengthening/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Prof Peter Smith: ‘How can we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of health system strengthening? A platforms perspective’ OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Peter Smith on ‘How can we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of health system strengthening? A platforms perspective’. To be held on 18th June 2018 from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. Many investments
- [A Critique of Hill et al. (2018) on Estimated Costs of Production for the WHO Essential Medicines List](https://www.ohe.org/news/critique-hill-et-al-2018-estimated-costs-production-who-essential-medicines-list/) - OHE Consulting produces a report critiquing a paper by Hill et al. (2018) on estimated costs of production for the WHO Essential Medicines List. This OHE Consulting Report, published today, reviews “Estimated costs of production and potential prices of medicines for the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List” (Hill et al., 2018) in which the
- [OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin Elected as ISPOR’s Incoming President](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-professor-nancy-devlin-elected-ispors-incoming-president/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has been elected as ISPOR’s incoming President. The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) has announced the results of its recent elections for Board of Directors positions. OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin has been elected as ISPOR’s incoming President.Professor Nancy Devlin, OHE’s Director of Research, has been elected as the incoming
- [OHE at HTAi 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-htai-2018/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) 2018 conference in Vancouver, 1-5 June. Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) 2018 conference in Vancouver, 1-5 June.Later this week, Adrian Towse, Koonal Shah, Grace Hampson, and Chris Sampson will be travelling to Vancouver, Canada,
- [A New Publication in Health Economics: An Exploration of the Non‐iterative Time Trade‐off Method to Value Health States](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-health-economics-exploration-non‐iterative-time-trade‐-method-value-health/) - An exploration of the non‐iterative time trade‐off method to value health states – our new paper published in Health Economics Preference‐based health state classification systems require health state valuations. The conventional time trade‐off (TTO) method usually relies on ‘iteration’, which is susceptible to bias. Discrete choice experiment with duration (or DCETTO) is free of such
- [OHE at HESG, AES and PROMs Summer 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-aes-and-proms-summer-2018/) - Meet some of the OHE team at any of three conferences taking place from 20-22 June: HESG, AES, and the PROMS Research Conference. Meet some of the OHE team at any of three conferences taking place from 20-22 June: the UK Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG), the Spanish Health Economics Association (AES), and the PROMS
- [New Paper in Value in Health: Improving the Quality of Time Trade-Off Data](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-paper-value-health-improving-quality-time-trade-data/) - This paper demonstrates OHE’s expertise in valuing health outcomes, and its contribution to methods for improving the quality of health valuation data. Time trade-off (TTO) is a stated preference technique for obtaining values for health states for use in health technology assessment. NICE recommends that the value, or utility, of changes in health should be
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Is Hypothecation the Way to Raise the Money for the “multi-year” Funding Settlement That the NHS Has Been Promised?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-hypothecation-way-raise-money-multi-year-funding-settlement-nhs-has/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Nicholas Timmins on ‘Is hypothecation the way to raise the money for the “multi-year” funding settlement that the NHS has been promised?’ To be held on 25th July 2018 from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Nicholas Timmins on ‘Is hypothecation the way to raise the money for
- [What are the Economic Implications of Moving Away from Paying a Single Price for a Single Drug?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-are-economic-implications-moving-away-paying-single-price-single-drug/) - The OHE has published a report exploring the impact on payers, patients and innovators of differential prices for different uses of pharmaceuticals. Our latest Research Paper explores the impact on payers, patients and innovators of differential prices for different uses of pharmaceuticals. The value of a drug can vary substantially depending on what it is used
- [OHE at EuHEA 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-euhea-2018/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the European Health Economics Association (EuHEA) 2018 conference in Maastricht, 11-14 July. Meet some of the OHE team at the European Health Economics Association (EuHEA) 2018 conference in Maastricht, 11-14 July.Later this week, Graham Cookson, Paula Lorgelly, Koonal Shah, Mikel Berdud, and Margherita Neri will be travelling to
- [Invitation to OHE’s Annual Lecture 2018: Is There an Economic Case for Investing in the NHS? Really?](https://www.ohe.org/news/invitation-ohes-annual-lecture-2018-there-economic-case-investing-nhs-really/) - Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Peter Smith on Tuesday 4 September 2018 at the Royal College of Physicians, London. Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Peter Smith on Tuesday 4th September 2018 at the Royal College of Physicians, London. The recent debate over funding has highlighted the difficulty of persuading sceptics
- [Presentations from ISPOR and HTAi 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-ispor-and-htai-2018/) - OHE staff recently attended ISPOR and HTAi international conferences. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations. OHE staff recently attended ISPOR and HTAi international conferences. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations.Comparing the EQ-5D-3L & EQ-5D-5L in a Cohort of Cancer Patients from Office of Health Economics The
- [How Much Should Society Pay for a New Orphan Drug?  A Contribution to this Debate is now Available in a New OHE Research Paper](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-much-should-society-pay-new-orphan-drug-contribution-debate-now-available-new-ohe-research/) - What would be the price for an orphan drug that generate rates of return no greater/smaller than the industry average? Is it reasonable? The high cost of drugs for rare diseases (‘orphan drugs’) has generated considerable debate. While there is debate in the economic literature over whether a premium should be paid for ‘rarity’, these
- [OHE’s Paula Lorgelly Elected as HESG Joint National Organiser](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-paula-lorgelly-elected-hesg-joint-national-organiser/) - Paula Lorgelly and Bruce Hollingsworth (Lancaster University) have taken the role of joint National Organisers for the Health Economists’ Study Group. Paula Lorgelly and Bruce Hollingsworth (Lancaster University) have taken the role of joint National Organisers for the Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG).Paula Lorgelly, OHE’s Deputy Director, was recently elected as joint National Organiser of
- [Presentations from AES and PROMs Summer 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-aes-and-proms-summer-2018/) - OHE staff recently attended AES and PROMs Summer 2018 conferences. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations. OHE staff recently attended AES and PROMs summer 2018 conferences. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations.R&D, Competition and Diffusion of Innovation in EU: The Case of Direct Acting Antivirals
- [Incentives, Competition, and Pharmaceutical Innovation in Europe: The Case of Direct Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C](https://www.ohe.org/news/incentives-competition-and-pharmaceutical-innovation-europe-case-direct-acting-antivirals/) - To what extent can R&D incentives, competition and other factors facilitate access to highly valuable and costly pharmaceutical innovations? In the pharmaceutical industry, intellectual property (IP) rights protection, including patents, data exclusivity (DE), and Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs), is seen as important. This is due to the high cost of research and development (R&D) for
- [New Journal Article: Directly Eliciting Personal Utility Functions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-journal-article-directly-eliciting-personal-utility-functions/) - A new article in the European Journal of Health Economics describes the ‘personal utility functions’ approach to valuing health Over the last few years, OHE has been collaborating with colleagues from the University of Sheffield, University of Technology Sydney, and Pharmerit International to develop a new approach to valuing health-related quality of life. This approach
- [Presentations from EuHEA 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-euhea-2018/) - OHE staff recently attended the European Health Economics Association (EuHEA) 2018 conference. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations.Establishing a Reasonable Price for an Orphan Drug from Office of Health EconomicsR&D, Competition and Diffusion of Innovation in EU: The Case of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) for Hepatitis C from Office of
- [Opportunity Costs of New Health Care Technologies: A Research Agenda](https://www.ohe.org/news/opportunity-costs-new-health-care-technologies-research-agenda/) - A new OHE Research Paper sets out an agenda for the development of methods to estimate cost-effectiveness thresholds in the NHS. For many years, health economists have been concerned with the development of methods for the estimation of cost-effectiveness thresholds. Yet in numerous cases, thresholds are used without an apparent evidence base. In a new
- [The Impact of New Medicines in the NHS: 70 Years of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/impact-new-medicines-nhs-70-years-innovation/) - This year marks the 70th birthday of the NHS. Our latest Consulting Report describes the most important new medicines as identified by experts. This year marks the 70th birthday of the NHS. Our latest Consulting Report describes the most important new medicines as identified by experts.For 70 years, the NHS has provided coverage for a
- [Two New Papers on EQ-5D-5L Valuation in Ireland](https://www.ohe.org/news/two-new-papers-eq-5d-5l-valuation-ireland/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah and Nancy Devlin are co-authors on two new papers focusing on the valuation of the EQ-5D-5L in Ireland. In Ireland, the importance of health technology assessment has been embraced for some time. National bodies such as the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics and the Health Information and Quality Authority are involved in economic
- [Measuring UK Medicines Expenditure in the Context of the 2014-18 PPRS](https://www.ohe.org/news/measuring-uk-medicines-expenditure-context-2014-18-pprs/) - OHE Consulting produces a report on Measuring UK Medicines Expenditure in the Context of the 2014-18 PPRS. This OHE Consulting Report, published today, reviews “Measurement of Medicines Expenditure in the Context of the 2014-18 PPRS”.For the year 2015/16, the Treasury reported growth in Government funded healthcare expenditure in the UK of 4.0% whilst NHS Digital
- [OHE Awarded Research Grant to Evaluate PSS CQUIN Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-awarded-research-grant-evaluate-pss-cquin-interventions/) - OHE together with York, Manchester and Imperial have been awarded a grant from the NIHR PRP to evaluate the PSS Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) schemes. OHE, together with the universities of York, Manchester and Imperial College London, has been awarded a grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) to evaluate the
- [Progression-free Survival as a Surrogate Outcome for Overall Survival in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/news/progression-free-survival-surrogate-outcome-overall-survival-oncology/) - When should progression-free survival be used as a surrogate for overall survival in oncology? Uneven reporting of results – different definitions and methods of analysis, lack of rigour in applying methodology – make progress difficult.
- [UKRI Funds OHE Collaboration in Student Mental Health Research Network](https://www.ohe.org/news/ukri-funds-ohe-collaboration-student-mental-health-research-network/) - UK Research and Innovation has awarded OHE a grant as a partner in a national research network for student mental health. UK Research and Innovation has awarded OHE a grant as a partner in a national research network for student mental health, led by King's College London.Following a competitive process, UK Research and Innovation has
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: The People’s Prescription - Re-imagining Health Innovation to Deliver Public Value](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-peoples-prescription-re-imagining-health-innovation-deliver-public-value/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Mariana Mazzucato on Re-imagining Health Innovation to Deliver Public Value. 28 September 2018 12:00-2:00pm. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Mariana Mazzucato on ‘The people’s prescription – re-imagining health innovation to deliver public value’. To be held on 28th September 2018 from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m.Health innovation would be futile and unjust
- [Private Provision of Publicly Funded Health Care: The Economics of Ownership](https://www.ohe.org/news/private-provision-publicly-funded-health-care-economics-ownership/) - A new OHE Briefing by Martin Chalkley (University of York) and Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) provides a view of the NHS ownership debate through the lens of economics. A new OHE Briefing by Martin Chalkley (University of York) and Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) provides a view of the NHS ownership debate through the lens of
- [OHE’s Director of Research, Professor Nancy Devlin, to Take up New Role at the University of Melbourne](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-director-research-professor-nancy-devlin-take-new-role-university-melbourne/) - OHE’s Professor Nancy Devlin will be leaving OHE to take up a new role at the University of Melbourne, Australia, from January 2019. Nancy will be Professor of Health Economics and Director of the Centre of Health Policy in the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health. The Centre of Health Policy comprises research units
- [OHE at the EuroQol Plenary Meeting 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-euroqol-plenary-meeting-2018/) - OHE contributed to the organisation and scientific content of the recent EuroQol Plenary Meeting in Lisbon, Portugal. The 35th Plenary Meeting of the EuroQol Group recently took place in Lisbon, Portugal. OHE staff contributed to both the organisation and the content of the meeting. The Scientific Programme was chaired by Anna Krabbe-Lugnér and OHE’s Koonal
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminars: Steven Pearson and Janel Hanmer](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminars-steven-pearson-and-janel-hanmer/) - OHE will be hosting two lunchtime seminars in October – one on the 22nd with Steven Pearson, ICER, and another on the 31st with Janel Hanmer, University of Pittsburgh. OHE will be hosting two lunchtime seminars this month.OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Steven Pearson on ‘Early experience with HTA of gene therapies in the US: pricing
- [New Publication: Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and Health Technology Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publication-advanced-therapy-medicinal-products-and-health-technology-assessment/) - A new publication in the European Journal of Health Economics identifies potential challenges of ATMPs in view of current health technology assessment (HTA) methodology and explores potential solutions to these challenges. Three key topics are explored: uncertainty, discounting, and health outcomes and value. A series of recommendations are proposed. Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are
- [Adrian Towse named 2018 Value Assessment Challenge Award Recipient](https://www.ohe.org/news/adrian-towse-named-2018-value-assessment-challenge-award-recipient/) - OHE’s Director Adrian Towse, and Lou Garrison, OHE Senior Visiting Fellow and Emeritus Professor at the University of Washington School of Pharmacy, are joint recipients of the first prize of the 2018 Value Assessment Challenge Awards designed to encourage innovative approaches in defining and measuring value in health care. The PhRMA Foundation and the Personalized
- [Securing Funds for the Proposed NHS Multi-year Funding: The Feasibility of Using a Hypothecated Tax](https://www.ohe.org/news/securing-funds-proposed-nhs-multi-year-funding-feasibility-using-hypothecated-tax/) - This new publication sets out the arguments in favour and against the introduction of a hypothecated tax to fund the UK National Health Service (NHS). In June 2018 the UK Government announced an increase of 3.4% per annum in spending on the NHS in England for each of three years. It indicated that taxes will
- [OHE at the ISPOR Summit on New Approaches to Value Assessment: Towards More Informed Pricing in Healthcare October, 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-summit-new-approaches-value-assessment-towards-more-informed-pricing-healthcare/) - OHE presented at the ISPOR Summit on New Approaches to Value Assessment: Towards More Informed Pricing in Healthcare, held October 2018. OHE Director Adrian Towse, OHE Director of Research Nancy Devlin, OHE Visting Senior Research Fellow Lou Garrison and Patricia Danzon, of the Wharton School and a member of OHE’s Research and Policy Committee presented
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Price Regulation of Generics and Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-price-regulation-generics-and-drug-shortages/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr. Aslam Anis, The University of British Columbia. The seminar will discuss the impact of the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance “tiered pricing” framework (a flexible 'price-cap' regulation) on generic entry, the resulting drug expenditure levels from a drug plans’ perspective and the implications of price-capping policies on drug shortages. OHE Lunchtime Seminar
- [OHE’s Annual Report to the Charity Commission 2017](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-annual-report-charity-commission-2017/) - OHE has published its report to the Charity Commission for the year 2017, its first full year as a registered charity. OHE has published its report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, its first since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. OHE’s charitable status represents an important watershed in OHE’s evolution as
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Price Regulation of Generics and Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-price-regulation-generics-and-drug-shortages-0/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr. Aslam Anis, The University of British Columbia. The seminar will discuss the impact of the pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance “tiered pricing” framework (a flexible 'price-cap' regulation) on generic entry, the resulting drug expenditure levels from a drug plans’ perspective and the implications of price-capping policies on drug shortages. OHE Lunchtime Seminar
- [Presentations from ISPOR Europe 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-ispor-europe-2018/) - OHE staff recently attended the ISPOR Europe conference in Barcelona. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations. OHE staff recently attended the ISPOR Europe 2018 conference in Barcelona. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations.Budget Impact and Expenditure Caps: Potential or Pitfall? from Office of Health EconomicsThe
- [Approaches, Challenges and Successful Stories of Multi-indication Pricing in Europe](https://www.ohe.org/news/approaches-challenges-and-successful-stories-multi-indication-pricing-europe/) - Multi-Indication Pricing: Practical Solutions and Steps to Move Forward. A summary of an HTAi panel session. We have just published a new OHE Briefing entitled ‘Multi-Indication Pricing: Practical Solutions and Steps to Move Forward’, which summarises the discussion of a panel session held at the HTAi 2017 meeting in Rome.Multi-indication pricing (MIP) is based on
- [EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England Study Team Responds to the EEPRU Review](https://www.ohe.org/news/eq-5d-5l-value-set-england-study-team-responds-eepru-review/) - OHE has published a response to the critique of the EQ-5D-5L value set for England study. The Economic Evaluation Policy Research Unit (EEPRU) was commissioned by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) to undertake a review of the EQ-5D-5L value set for England given the policy relevance of the EQ-5D-5L.The EEPRU review of
- [New NICE Position Statement – 5L Value Set Still ‘On Hold’](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-nice-position-statement-5l-value-set-still-hold/) - NICE has issued a new position statement regarding the use of the EQ-5D-5L value set in evidence submitted to its HTA process. NICE has issued a new position statement regarding the use of the EQ-5D-5L value set in evidence submitted to its HTA process.NICE’s position is that it does not currently recommend use of the
- [New Publications: Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Formulary Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-publications-real-world-evidence-coverage-and-formulary-decisions/) - Two articles, published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, explore the use of real-world evidence for coverage and formulary decisions. Two articles, published in the Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, explore the use of real-world evidence for coverage and formulary decisions. In December 2017, the US Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) held
- [A Note on the Relationship Between Age and Health-related Quality of Life Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/news/note-relationship-between-age-and-health-related-quality-life-assessment/) - A new OHE-authored paper on the relationship between age and health-related quality of life has been published in Quality of Life Research. A new article entitled A note on the relationship between age and health-related quality of life assessment was recently published in Quality of Life Research. The article was written by OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla, Koonal
- [“You Don’t Always Get What You Want”: Output Distortion and NHS Waiting Time Targets](https://www.ohe.org/news/you-dont-always-get-what-you-want-output-distortion-and-nhs-waiting-time-targets/) - The latest publication from Professor Graham Cookson in Public Organization Review finds that waiting time targets adopted in the English NHS as part of the ‘targets and terror’ performance management regime did indeed reduce key waiting time measures, but at the expense of other quality metrics such as hospital readmission rates i.e. the policy was
- [Making the Most of Health Data to Deliver Pharmaceutical Innovation: What Are the Legal Barriers?](https://www.ohe.org/news/making-most-health-data-deliver-pharmaceutical-innovation-what-are-legal-barriers/) - OHE publishes a report on the legal barriers to the better use of health data to deliver pharmaceutical innovation. As a society, we place a huge value on data: from supermarkets using our previous shopping habits to help us effortlessly select our preferred tea bags, to insurance companies tailoring their offerings to our specific motoring
- [OHE Achievements in 2018](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-achievements-2018/) - This year, the OHE team published 39 peer reviewed journal articles, gave 58 lectures and conference presentations, posted 22 in-house OHE publications on our website, and hosted 6 lunchtime seminars and our annual lecture. 2018 was OHE’s second full year as a not-for-profit group. During the year, OHE’s team of 20 people authored 39 published
- [Can a Strong Economic Case Be Made for Investing in the NHS? 25th Annual Lecture Publication](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-strong-economic-case-be-made-investing-nhs-25th-annual-lecture-publication/) - In September 2018, Professor Peter Smith delivered the 25th OHE Annual Lecture. The lecture is now available as a publication, which can be downloaded for free. In September 2018, Professor Peter Smith delivered the 25th OHE Annual Lecture: Can a Strong Economic Case Be Made for Investing in the NHS? The lecture is now available
- [Professor Mireia Jofre-Bonet Appointed Vice President and Head of Research](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-mireia-jofre-bonet-appointed-vice-president-and-head-research/) - OHE is very pleased to announce that Professor Mireia Jofre-Bonet will be joining OHE in April as Vice-President and Head of Research, replacing Professor Nancy Devlin who will be taking up the role of Director of the Centre of Health Policy at the University of Melbourne later this month after 10 years at OHE. OHE
- [Professor Lotte Steuten Appointed OHE Vice President and Head of Consulting](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-lotte-steuten-appointed-ohe-vice-president-and-head-consulting/) - OHE is very pleased to announce that associate professor Lotte Steuten will be joining OHE in February as Vice-President and Head of Consulting. Lotte is currently an associate member at the Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research (HICOR) at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and an affiliate associate professor in the Comparative Health Outcomes,
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: What Can NHS Trusts do to Reduce Cancer Waiting Times?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-what-can-nhs-trusts-do-reduce-cancer-waiting-times-0/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with NHS Improvement Economics Team Members Sarah Karlsberg, Steven Paling and Júlia Esquerré. The seminar will present evidence on where NHS trusts can take practical steps to reduce cancer waiting times. The project won the 2018 John Hoy Memorial Award for the best piece of economic analysis produced by government economists. OHE
- [Public Preferences for Health Gains and Cures: A Discrete Choice Experiment](https://www.ohe.org/news/public-preferences-health-gains-and-cures-discrete-choice-experiment/) - Just published is a new OHE Consulting Report that explores society’s preferences across curative and non-curative therapies and large and small health gains. Whether or not society values curative therapies and those with large health gains over and above more incremental gains has been highlighted as an important area for research. In a new OHE
- [Generating Preference-based Values for the EQ-5D-Y to Support Its Use in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/news/generating-preference-based-values-eq-5d-y-support-its-use-hta/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah and Oliver Rivero-Arias presented at a NICE Technical Forum on the topic of valuing health in children and adolescents. OHE’s Koonal Shah and Oliver Rivero-Arias recently presented at a NICE Technical Forum on the topic of valuing health in children and adolescents.Economic evaluations of treatments for children have primarily used adult preferences
- [OHE Lecturing for Professional Training at ICPS](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lecturing-professional-training-icps/) - Bernarda Zamora delivered a pro bono lecture to professionals from diverse countries enrolled at the Professional Certificate in Strategic Planning organised by the International Centre of Parliamentary Studies. Bernarda Zamora participated as a guest speaker for a session of the November 2018 round of the Professional Certificate in Strategic Health Planning, a certificated course delivered
- [OHE Response to Public Consultation on NICE Principles](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-response-public-consultation-nice-principles/) - OHE has submitted a response to the public consultation on updating the principles that guide the development of NICE guidance and standards. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has been running a public consultation on updating the principles that guide the development of its guidance and standards. Underpinning the consultation is a
- [End of Life Treatments, Societal Values, and ‘Overall’ Preference](https://www.ohe.org/news/end-life-treatments-societal-values-and-overall-preference/) - OHE’s Koonal Shah gave a presentation on societal values and the provision of end of life treatments at a Manchester Centre for Health Economics seminar. On 4th February, OHE’s Koonal Shah gave a seminar at the Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester. Koonal presented an overview of his and others’ research on societal
- [Recommendations for Making Outcome-based Payments a Reality in the NHS: An Application to Cancer Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/news/recommendations-making-outcome-based-payments-reality-nhs-application-cancer-drugs/) - Making Outcome-based payments a reality in the NHS authored by The Office of Health Economics, RAND Europe, King’s College London, and Cancer Research UK, and commissioned by Cancer Research UK in partnership with Greater Manchester Health & Social Care Partnership, explores alternative pricing models and the implications of outcome-based payment schemes for improving access to
- [Student Mental Health Research Network (SMaRteN): First Funding Call and Sandpit](https://www.ohe.org/news/student-mental-health-research-network-smarten-first-funding-call-and-sandpit/) - OHE is a collaborator on SMaRteN, and we’ve just announced the first funding call on “What is distinctive about student mental health?” OHE is a collaborator in the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) funded Student Mental Health Research Network (SMaRteN). We’ve just announced our first funding call.What is distinctive about student mental health? It’s a
- [Pricing and Paying for Cures: Early Experience with HTA of Gene Therapy in the USA](https://www.ohe.org/news/pricing-and-paying-cures-early-experience-hta-gene-therapy-usa/) - In this OHE Seminar Briefing, Dr Steven Pearson, President of ICER, sets out ICER’s early experiences of using HTA to assess gene therapy in the US, setting out four primary challenges. In a new OHE Seminar Briefing, Dr Steven Pearson, President of the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), discusses early experiences of using
- [The World Needs Better Drugs for TB. The Center for Global Development and OHE Have a Proposal and We Need your Feedback](https://www.ohe.org/news/world-needs-better-drugs-tb-center-global-development-and-ohe-have-proposal-and-we-need-your/) - Innovation is a critical tool in the global fight against tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease that primarily affects the poor and vulnerable and ranks among the top 10 causes of death in the world. The Center for Global Development and the Office of Health Economics are proposing a new innovation model to bring better TB
- [Cheap and Dirty: The Effect of Contracting Out Cleaning on Efficiency and Effectiveness](https://www.ohe.org/news/cheap-and-dirty-effect-contracting-out-cleaning-efficiency-and-effectiveness/) - Research just published in Public Administration Review, co-authored by OHE’s Professor Graham Cookson, demonstrates that contracting out auxiliary public services may lower the quality of the core service as well as the auxiliary service. Studying NHS cleaning services, the research shows that contracted out cleaning is cheaper but lower quality and leads to worse health
- [Abolishing Pharmaceutical Rebates in the US? Looking at the Trade-Offs](https://www.ohe.org/news/abolishing-pharmaceutical-rebates-us-looking-trade-offs/) - The combination of rising drug costs in the US and increasing financial stress for individual patients has triggered intense national concern. One target has come under particular scrutiny: rebates. A new report published by ICER and the OHE describes how alternatives to the current rebate system offer potential disadvantages as well as potential benefits. It
- [Exploring Variations in the Opportunity Cost Cost-effectiveness Threshold by Clinical Area: Results from a Feasibility Study in England](https://www.ohe.org/news/exploring-variations-opportunity-cost-cost-effectiveness-threshold-clinical-area-results/) - Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold reflecting the opportunity cost of adopting a new technology in a health system is not easy. A new OHE report provides empirical evidence on the relationship between health outcomes and health expenditures in England. Results suggest that setting a cost-effectiveness criterion for NICE may not be capable of being synthesised using
- [Is Rate Of Return Pricing A Useful Approach When Value-Based Pricing Is Not Appropriate?](https://www.ohe.org/news/rate-return-pricing-useful-approach-when-value-based-pricing-not-appropriate/) - Value-based pricing (VBP) is an efficient method for pricing new drugs. Rate of return pricing could, however, be useful in two cases: treatments for ultra-rare diseases, and ‘cures’ for conditions currently being treated at great expense. Rate of return pricing gives rise to challenges. Two are (i) finding proxy estimates of development costs including failures,
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Cascades of Care in Health Policy Analysis and Planning](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-cascades-care-health-policy-analysis-and-planning/) - ‘Cascades of care’ have emerged as an attractive tool for assessing access to care for numerous chronic diseases. Dr Haacker will examine the use of cascades of care across diseases and populations, evaluate the use of cross-sectional targets in disease control strategies (e.g., the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets), and address implications for cost-effectiveness analysis. OHE Lunchtime
- [Can Transparency Lower Prices and Improve Access to Pharmaceuticals? Not So Fast…](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-transparency-lower-prices-and-improve-access-pharmaceuticals-not-so-fast/) - Report does not recommend price transparency for on-patent medicines, but buyers should share multi-source product price data among themselves. Transparency of the procurement process encourages bidders. In many cases, referencing processes and institutions may be a safer bet than trying to copy each other’s prices. Spending on pharmaceuticals and other healthcare commodities is high and
- [Can Transparency Lower Prices and Improve Access to Pharmaceuticals? Five Questions We Think Matter a Lot](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-transparency-lower-prices-and-improve-access-pharmaceuticals-five-questions-we-think-matter/) - Transparency as a principle of good governance is not the same as transparency for improving access by lowering prices. In fact, the former often carries an opportunity cost on the latter. Developing country markets are, however, dominated by generic products and encouraging competition through sharing prices makes sense if capacities are there to use the
- [Quality of Life and Rare Disease: Lessons from Spinal Muscular Atrophy](https://www.ohe.org/news/quality-life-and-rare-disease-lessons-spinal-muscular-atrophy/) - The measurement of quality of life in the context of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is challenging. This is because the disease is experienced by children and is rare, which makes data collection difficult. Our latest Briefing reports on a symposium that outlined some lessons that can be learnt from the SMA context that might be
- [The WHO Technical Report on the Pricing of Cancer Medicines: Missing a Central Role for Value Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/news/who-technical-report-pricing-cancer-medicines-missing-central-role-value-assessment/) - A new OHE Research Paper reviews a recent report on cancer pricing published by the World Health Organization. The authors argue that the report fails to promote mechanisms that are key to efficient pricing and use of cancer medicines. The Research Paper outlines some for addressing these shortcomings. A new OHE Research Paper by Simon
- [Can We Really Compare and Aggregate Patient-reported Outcomes Between People and Settings?](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-we-really-compare-and-aggregate-patient-reported-outcomes-between-people-and-settings/) - A new OHE Research Paper considers whether we can compare and aggregate patient-reported outcome (PRO) data between people and settings. The paper is authored by Nancy Devlin (University of Melbourne), Paula Lorgelly (King’s College London) and Mike Herdman (OHE). A new OHE Research Paper considers whether we can compare and aggregate patient-reported outcome (PRO) data
- [Adult Versus Adolescent Preferences for EQ-5D-Y Health States](https://www.ohe.org/news/adult-versus-adolescent-preferences-eq-5d-y-health-states/) - Koonal Shah gave a webinar for the International Health Economics Association on the topic of adult versus adolescent preferences for EQ-5D-Y health states. The International Health Economics Association (iHEA) recently launched a Health Preference Research Special Interest Group, dedicated to understanding the value of health and health-related goods and services. OHE’s Koonal Shah was invited
- [The Value of International Volunteers’ Experience to the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/news/value-international-volunteers-experience-nhs/) - A new paper by OHE and Health Education England on the value of international volunteers’ experience to the NHS has been published in Globalization and Heath. OHE and Health Education England (HEE) recently completed research to quantify the benefits that returned international volunteers can bring to the NHS. This research helps demonstrate the sustainability of
- [What Outcomes are Important in Student Mental Health and Wellbeing?](https://www.ohe.org/news/what-outcomes-are-important-student-mental-health-and-wellbeing/) - The Student Mental Health Research Network (SMaRteN), in which OHE is a collaborator, is conducting research to find out which outcome measures are most useful in the context of student wellbeing. OHE is a collaborator in the Student Mental Health Research Network (SMaRteN), which is leading research to better understand outcomes in the context of
- [OHE at ISPOR 2019](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-ispor-2019/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 2019 conference in New Orleans, 18-22 May. Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 2019 conference in New Orleans, 18-22 May.Graham Cookson, Lotte Steuten, and Adrian Towse will all be
- [OHE Launches Discussion Paper and Consultation Exercise on Indication-based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-launches-discussion-paper-and-consultation-exercise-indication-based-pricing/) - Increasingly, scientific advances are delivering new medicines that deliver improved survival and quality of life across multiple treatment indications. Indication-Based Pricing (IBP) has been proposed as a way to better link price with value. In this short Discussion Paper, we outline the major issues including the potential benefits of IBP, potential drawbacks, and considerations for
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Incentives for R&D, Competition and Intertemporal Effects of Payment Rules for Cures](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-incentives-rd-competition-and-intertemporal-effects-payment-rules-cures/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Pedro Pita Barros on ‘Incentives for R&D, Competition and Intertemporal Effects of Payment Rules for Cures’. To be held on 6 June 2019 from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m.Current payment and pricing rules for pharmaceutical products do not account for intertemporal effects of cures for infectious diseases, producing a positive intertemporal
- [Professor Nancy Devlin appointed as OHE Senior Visiting Fellow](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-nancy-devlin-appointed-ohe-senior-visiting-fellow/) - Professor Nancy Devlin has recently been awarded an honorary position at OHE as a Senior Visiting Fellow. Professor Nancy Devlin, who recently took up a new role at the University of Melbourne, has been given an honorary appointment at OHE as a Senior Visiting Fellow.Nancy was OHE’s Director of Research for 10 years. We are
- [OHE is Leading Research to Develop EQ-5D ‘Bolt-ons’ for Cognition and Vision](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-leading-research-develop-eq-5d-bolt-ons-cognition-and-vision/) - In collaboration with University of Technology Sydney, we’re leading a study funded by the EuroQol Research Foundation to develop ‘bolt-on’ descriptors for the EQ-5D. The goal is to develop and test new questions that can be used with people who have cognitive impairment or visual impairment. OHE and the University of Technology Sydney are leading
- [OHE at the 2019 Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) Conference](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-2019-spanish-health-economics-association-aes-conference/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) 2019 conference in Albacete, 12-14 June. Meet some of the OHE team at the Spanish Health Economics Association (AES) 2019 conference in Albacete, 12-14 June.The 39th AES conference will take place from 12th to 14th June in Albacete, with the theme Transparency
- [OHE at the 2019 Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Annual Meeting](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-2019-health-technology-assessment-international-htai-annual-meeting/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) 2019 annual meeting in Cologne, 15-19 June. Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) 2019 annual meeting in Cologne, 15-19 June.The 2019 HTAi annual meeting will take place from 15th to 19th June in Cologne, Germany,
- [Moving the Needle on Value – OHE Launches Research on US Value-Based Healthcare](https://www.ohe.org/news/moving-needle-value-ohe-launches-research-us-value-based-healthcare/) - At the recent ISPOR Annual Conference, OHE’s Chief Executive, Professor Graham Cookson announced a new programme of work on Value 2.0: Assessing the Value of US Healthcare to be funded by PhRMA. Graham was joined by the Innovation and Value Institute’s Executive Director Jenn Bright, and Harvard Medical School Professor Bapu Jena. OHE and The
- [Presentations from ISPOR 2019](https://www.ohe.org/news/presentations-ispor-2019/) - OHE staff recently attended the ISPOR annual conference in New Orleans. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations. OHE staff recently attended the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 2019 conference in New Orleans. In this blog post, we share a selection of our presentations. Lies, Damned Lies and Cost-Effectiveness:
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Health Years in Total (HYT): A New Health Objective Function for Cost-effectiveness Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-health-years-total-hyt-new-health-objective-function-cost-effectiveness/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Anirban Basu, 24th July 2019. The seminar will examine conceptual and theoretic arguments for use of HYT and illustrate their performance. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Anirban Basu on ‘Health Years in Total (HYT): A New Health Objective Function for Cost-effectiveness Analysis’. To be held on 24 July 2019 from 12 p.m.
- [OHE at the 2019 International Health Economics Association (iHEA) World Congress](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-2019-international-health-economics-association-ihea-world-congress/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) 2019 World Congress in Basel, 13-17 July. Meet some of the OHE team at the International Health Economics Association (iHEA) 2019 World Congress in Basel, 13-17 July.The 2019 iHEA World Congress will take place from 13th to 17th July in Basel, Switzerland.
- [Assessing the Life-cycle Value of Second-generation Antipsychotics in Sweden and the UK](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-life-cycle-value-second-generation-antipsychotics-sweden-and-uk/) - This research by a team of OHE and IHE researchers estimates the value added by second generation antipsychotics over their life-cycle in the UK and Sweden. It concludes that considering the entire life-cycle, the value added by SGAs to the system is higher than the expected value estimated at launch. P&R decisions should consider the
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2019: The Evolution of U.S. Policy Responses to the Opioid Epidemic](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-annual-lecture-2019-evolution-us-policy-responses-opioid-epidemic/) - Professor Richard Frank will deliver the OHE Annual Lecture 2019 on Tuesday 15th October 2019 at The Royal Society, London. Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Richard Frank on Tuesday 15th October 2019 at The Royal Society, London.In 2017 more than 70,000 people in the U.S. died of drug overdoses. Opioids were implicated
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Do We Measure the ‘Value’ in Value-based Care?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-do-we-measure-value-value-based-care/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Steve McKenna, 17th September 2019. The seminar will examine conceptual and practical aspects of measuring value in health care. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Stephen McKenna on ‘How Do We Measure the ‘Value’ in Value-based Care?’. To be held on 17 September 2019 from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m.Value-based care differs from
- [Unrelieved Pain in Palliative Care in England](https://www.ohe.org/news/unrelieved-pain-palliative-care-england/) - Although the quality of palliative care in England and the wider UK is regarded as excellent, many patients receiving palliative care die in pain. This new study estimates that more than 5,000 patients would die in pain every year even under the ‘best practice’ palliative care such as that provided in hospices. In England, an
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Closing the ‘Know-do’ Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-closing-know-do-gap-health-systems-reform-policy-level/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Rafael Bengoa and David Hunter, 14th October 2019. The seminar will discuss policy-level enablers and barriers for implementing large-scale health systems reforms. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Prof David Hunter and Dr Rafael Bengoa on ‘Closing the ‘Know-do’ Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level’. To be held on 14
- [Data Governance Arrangements for Real-world Evidence in Japan](https://www.ohe.org/news/data-governance-arrangements-real-world-evidence-japan/) - A new OHE Consulting Report describes the current status of real-world data in Japan, including core legislation and governance arrangements. The authors sought to understand how real-world data is accessed or generated and used to produce or generate real-world evidence, and to see whether use is aligned with international standards. A new OHE Consulting Report
- [HTA and Payment Mechanisms for New Drugs to Tackle AMR](https://www.ohe.org/news/hta-and-payment-mechanisms-new-drugs-tackle-amr/) - A new OHE Research Paper summarises the findings of a project funded by the Wellcome Trust on innovative HTA methods and contracting for antibiotics. The paper provides an overview of the current state of HTA and contracting for antibiotics in five European countries, reviews recent proposals in the literature for revising HTA approaches and explores
- [Can Conventional Blood Tests Predict Future Disability Risks?](https://www.ohe.org/news/can-conventional-blood-tests-predict-future-disability-risks/) - New research published in Economics and Human Biology demonstrates that elevated blood tests and nurse-collected physical measures predict progression to disability two to four years ahead for individuals without a disability history. In a new study, published in Economics and Human Biology, Apostolos Davillas and Steve Pudney (University of Sheffield) demonstrate that elevated blood tests
- [Making Outcome-based Payment a Reality in the NHS: Moving to the Next Phase](https://www.ohe.org/news/making-outcome-based-payment-reality-nhs-moving-next-phase/) - OHE, in collaboration with RAND Europe, University College London (UCL) and University of Manchester (UoM), has been awarded a new research grant from Cancer Research UK in partnership with Greater Manchester Health & Social Care Partnership (GMHSCP) to further explore the potential of implementing outcome-based payments for cancer treatments. OHE, in collaboration with RAND Europe,
- [Patient Preferences for Diagnostic Tests Aimed at Managing Antimicrobial Resistance](https://www.ohe.org/news/patient-preferences-diagnostic-tests-aimed-managing-antimicrobial-resistance/) - Research by OHE and the University of Sussex into patients’ preferences for diagnostic tests aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance has been published in Applied Health Economics & Health Policy. The research found that patients across Europe have different preferences, which may have significant implications for the design and uptake of diagnostic tests. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
- [Chronic Diseases and the Stock of Health: Quantification Using EQ-5D-5L](https://www.ohe.org/news/chronic-diseases-and-stock-health-quantification-using-eq-5d-5l/) - Chronic diseases affect individuals’ health status and its impact is reflected by the stock of health, which measures the amount of health of a population in a given period of time. In a new study published in Health Economics, Maria Errea and colleagues assess the health-related quality of life of a population using the EQ-5D-5L
- [Press Release: Proposed International Price Index Effectively Outsources Pharmaceutical Policy Decisions to Other Countries](https://www.ohe.org/news/press-release-proposed-international-price-index-effectively-outsources-pharmaceutical-policy/) - New research by the Office of Health Economics (OHE) concludes the proposed International Price Index effectively outsources pharmaceutical policy decisions to countries that “give the government a central role” vs. the U.S.’ greater reliance on the private market.In an effort to cap the U.S. price of drugs, The Trump Administration has proposed using an International
- [OHE has an Opening for an Industrial Economist](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-has-opening-industrial-economist/) - The Office of Health Economics wishes to recruit a well-qualified, highly motivated and energetic economist with an industrial organisation background applied to the health care sector, health care systems and/or the life sciences industry.The Office of Health Economics is particularly interested in strengthening the areas of:Industrial Organisation applied to healthcareEconomics of InnovationIncentives for R&D in the pharmaceutical sectorRegulation
- [New OHE Research Funding: Improving Labour Productivity in Primary Care](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-ohe-research-funding-improving-labour-productivity-primary-care/) - OHE has been awarded a 3-year research grant by the Health Foundation’s Efficiency Research Programme to define an accurate measure of labour productivity in primary care and to identify its determinants, including workforce skill mix, technology and patient characteristics. OHE has been awarded a research grant by the Health Foundation’s Efficiency Research Programme. The award
- [OHE Presents at Global AMR R&D Hub Board of Members Meeting in Paris](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-presents-global-amr-rd-hub-board-members-meeting-paris/) - OHE presented at the Global AMR R&D Hub Board of Members Meeting in Paris, on adapting HTA and payment mechanisms to incentivise new drugs to tackle AMR. This presentation was based on research by OHE, funded by the Wellcome Trust. On 31st October 2019, Adrian Towse and Chris Henshall presented at the Global AMR R&D
- [OHE at HESG Winter 2020](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-hesg-winter-2020/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) Winter 2020 meeting in Newcastle, 6-8 January 2020. Meet some of the OHE team at the Health Economists’ Study Group (HESG) Winter 2020 Meeting in Newcastle, 6-8 January 2020. The Meeting will be hosted by Newcastle University.Apostolos Davillas, Mireia Jofre-Bonet, David Mott,
- [Funding Challenges in the Malaysian Health Care System](https://www.ohe.org/news/funding-challenges-malaysian-health-care-system/) - Adrian Towse presented at the Monash Malaysia Health Economics Forum 2019 on three related topics: health system financing in Malaysia; pharmaceutical price regulation and competition in Malaysia; and the potential for using real world evidence to improve the efficiency of the Malaysian health system. Adrian Towse presented at the Monash Malaysia Health Economics Forum 2019
- [Ethical and Economic Issues in the Appraisal of Medicines for Ultra-rare (or Ultra-orphan) Conditions](https://www.ohe.org/news/ethical-and-economic-issues-appraisal-medicines-ultra-rare-or-ultra-orphan-conditions/) - In light of concerns that not all medicines for ultra-rare (also known as ultra-orphan) conditions are appraised under the same NICE process, a new OHE Consulting Report discusses the distinct ethical and economic challenges faced by medicines for ultra-rare conditions, with particular reference to the challenges of HTA in the UK. A failure to consistently
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Personalised Medicine: Is it an oil-rush or oil-spill?](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-personalised-medicine-it-oil-rush-or-oil-spill/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Alistair McGuire, 3rd February 2020. The seminar will present some preliminary thoughts on the promises offered by personalised medicine that it will allow efficient identification of different target groups and consequently more effective treatment. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Alistair McGuire: ‘Personalised medicine: Is it an oil-rush or an oil-spill?’. To be held on 3 February 2020 from
- [Anchoring Latent Scale Values for the EQ-5D-Y at 0 = Dead](https://www.ohe.org/news/anchoring-latent-scale-values-eq-5d-y-0-dead/) - This OHE Research Paper describes a study in which four stated preference methods for anchoring EQ-5D-Y values were compared: visual analogue scale, discrete choice experiment (with a duration attribute), lag-time time trade-off, and the recently developed ‘location-of-dead’ element of the personal utility function (PUF) approach. To date there have been no value sets to support
- [A Final MVAC Blueprint—and the Start of an R&D Revolution?](https://www.ohe.org/news/final-mvac-blueprint-and-start-rd-revolution/) - TB kills 1.6m people annually - the world’s deadliest infectious disease. The Market-Driven, Value-Based Advance Commitment (MVAC), creates and guarantees a market for better TB treatment. The final “blueprint” has four pillars: HTA to inform countries’ value-based purchase commitments; commitment guarantees underwritten by a development bank; industrial policy alignment; and a governance structure credible to
- [Unpacking the Black Box of Payer Policy:  A Demand-Side Approach for Equitable Uptake of Cost-Effective Health Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/news/unpacking-black-box-payer-policy-demand-side-approach-equitable-uptake-cost-effective-health-0/) - People living in Middle and Low Income Countries (MLICs) do not get access to innovative treatments and new treatments meeting MLIC requirements do not come to market. These issues should be addressed through a demand-side approach— better payer policy in MLICs, supported by international actors, to speed development and dissemination. An Innovation Uptake Institute (IUI)
- [Are Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds Fit for Purpose for Real-World Decision Making on Access to and Pricing of Pharmaceuticals? A New OHE Paper on Current Methods and Practices, and a Novel Approach for Optimal Thresholds](https://www.ohe.org/news/are-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-fit-for-purpose/) - OHE has published a white paper discussing the relative merits and shortfalls of current approaches to defining, estimating, and applying cost-effectiveness thresholds in HTA. This will be accompanied by a (forthcoming) research paper exploring bargaining in threshold setting OHE has published a white paper analysing the relative merits and shortfalls of current approaches to defining,
- [Price Transparency: Good or Bad? What Does Literature and Theory Tell Us?](https://www.ohe.org/news/price-transparency-good-or-bad-what-does-literature-and-theory-tell-us/) - Adrian Towse presented evidence that transparency of process reduced corruption and improved competition. Evidence was, however, against price transparency for on-patent medicines. It will reduce access in low income countries. In generic markets, price transparency could improve efficiency, although it risks collusion by suppliers. There is therefore a case for buyers sharing, but not publishing,
- [How do we Get and Pay for New Antibiotics? Proposed New Models for Value Assessment and Contracting for Payment.](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-do-we-get-and-pay-new-antibiotics-proposed-new-models-value-assessment-and-contracting/) - This presentation to the Australian Society for Antimicrobials (ASA) meeting in Melbourne, on 27th February 2020 draws on OHE research, funded by the Wellcome Trust, on adapting HTA methods and contracting for new antibiotics. It analyses UK (NICE and NHSE) plans to introduce a subscription model (delinking use of new antibiotics from payments for making
- [Financing and Scaling Innovation for the COVID Fight: A Closer Look at Demand-Side Incentives for a Vaccine](https://www.ohe.org/news/financing-and-scaling-innovation-covid-fight-closer-look-demand-side-incentives-vaccine/) - A COVID-19 vaccine is needed now, but timelines (12-18 months) create large market risk. By the time a vaccine is ready, the crisis may have passed. A CGD Note explores three options: business as usual – which may lead to promotion of an inferior vaccine or fierce country competition for supply – and two models
- [Augmenting Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Uncertainty: The Implications for Value Assessment—Rationale and Empirical Support](https://www.ohe.org/news/augmenting-cost-effectiveness-analysis-uncertainty-implications-value-assessment-rationale-and/) - Research by OHE and the University of Washington into how uncertainty-related novel elements of value could be included in an Augmented Cost-Effectiveness Analysis has been published in Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy (JMCP). The research discusses what has been or could be done to measure these elements and looks at empirical research to
- [Indication-Based Pricing: Are We All Onboard?](https://www.ohe.org/news/indication-based-pricing-are-we-all-onboard/) - A move towards paying multiple prices for medicines (depending on what they are used for) could address a commonly cited problem in drug development and increase patient access. Our latest consulting report investigates whether key stakeholders are onboard. A move towards paying multiple prices for medicines (depending on what they are used for) could address
- [OHE Awarded Independent Research Organisation (IRO) Status by UKRI](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-awarded-independent-research-organisation-iro-status-ukri/) - OHE has been awarded the status of Independent Research Organisation (IRO) by Research Councils UK. This blog comments on the significance of this achievement. OHE is delighted to announce that we have been awarded Independent Research Organisation (IRO) status. This has been granted by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), which – through the seven Research Councils, Innovate
- [OHE Authors Develop a Supply and Demand Model of Pharmaceutical Markets to Set Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds to Maximise and Distribute Social Welfare](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-authors-develop-supply-and-demand-model-pharmaceutical-markets-set-cost-effectiveness/) - OHE authors develop a supply and demand model of pharmaceutical markets to analyse the social welfare distribution between consumers (payers) and developers (industry) to set an optimal cost-effectiveness threshold (CET). OHE authors developa supply and demand model of pharmaceutical markets to analyse the social welfaredistribution between consumers (payers) and developers (industry) to set an optimal
- [Victor R. Fuchs Award for 2020 Goes to Patricia Danzon](https://www.ohe.org/news/victor-r-fuchs-award-2020-goes-patricia-danzon/) - The American Society of Health Economists (ASHEcon) announced Patricia Danzon as recipient of the 2020 Victor R. Fuchs Award. This is given to an economist making significant lifetime contributions to the health economics field. Professor Danzon is an internationally recognized expert in the fields of economics of health care, the biopharmaceutical industry, and insurance, including
- [The 2020 OHE Annual Lecture Explores the Question: How Should the World Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.ohe.org/news/2020-ohe-annual-lecture-explores-question-how-should-world-pay-covid-19-vaccine/) - This year’s OHE lecture addresses the question: how should the world pay for a COVID-19 vaccine? Adrian Towse, Emeritus Director of OHE and Senior Research Fellow presents the challenges that we face in developing a COVID-19 vaccine, and suggests a mechanism for buying the vaccine on a global scale. This year’s OHE lecture addresses the
- [NICE ‘Optimised’ Recommendations: What Do They Mean for Patient Access?](https://www.ohe.org/news/nice-optimised-recommendations-what-do-they-mean-patient-access/) - OHE publishes a report quantifying the level of patient access associated with NICE ‘optimised’ recommendations. OHE publishes a report quantifying the level of patient access associated with NICE ‘optimised’ recommendations. The ‘optimisation’ of NICE TA recommendations is becoming more common The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) makes recommendations for use of interventions
- [Are Discount Rates Used in UK Vaccine Economic Evaluations Jeopardising Investment in Immunisation Programmes?](https://www.ohe.org/news/are-discount-rates-used-uk-vaccine-economic-evaluations-jeopardising-investment-immunisation/) - In a recently published OHE Consulting Report, we report the long-term return on investment (ROI) per £1 spent on various vaccination programmes from the perspective of the UK government. In this blog, we discuss how discounting affects the estimated long-term value of vaccination and, thus, decision-makers’ investment decisions. In a recently published OHE Consulting Report,
- [Establishing a Reasonable Price for an Orphan Drug](https://www.ohe.org/news/establishing-reasonable-price-orphan-drug/) - Berdud, Drummond and Towse (2020) propose a method for establishing a reasonable price for an orphan drug. Assuming prices for drugs are set according to incremental value, they propose adjustments to a payer’s ‘normal’ cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) for non-orphan drugs to ensure orphan drug developers achieve no more than the industry-wide rate of return. Adjustments
- [Assessing the Productivity Value of Vaccines in Health Technology Assessment: Worth a Shot?](https://www.ohe.org/news/assessing-productivity-value-vaccines-health-technology-assessment-worth-shot/) - The inclusion of productivity value in the appraisal of health technologies is a subject of ongoing debate. In this blog, we discuss the potential impact of not considering productivity costs in the evaluation of vaccination programmes in the UK. The inclusion of productivity value in the appraisal of health technologies is a subject of ongoing
- [Cornerstones of ‘Fair’ Drug Coverage](https://www.ohe.org/news/cornerstones-fair-drug-coverage/) - In the focus on US drug prices, ICER has contributed thinking on determining when price aligns with patient benefits. Less debated is whether insurance coverage provides patients with fair access to a drug with a fair, value-based price. But how do we define fair access? This paper from ICER and OHE authors develops a fair
- [Opportunities to Increase Efficiency in Healthcare](https://www.ohe.org/news/opportunities-increase-efficiency-healthcare/) - Case studies explored more and less successful practices when delivering healthcare across four priority areas (screening, disease management and standardised patient pathways, rational use of medicines and healthcare associated infections). Results were used to simulate cost-savings and patient outcomes.
- [Virtual ISPOR European 2020](https://www.ohe.org/news/virtual-ispor-european-2020/) - The Virtual ISPOR Europe 2020 will be commencing next week. A number of OHE researchers will be in attendance to present their research. With the theme Improving Health: Establishing Incentives and Sharing Value, Virtual ISPOR Europe 2020 will question the fundamental conventions around value, risk, rewards, and the role of public and private sectors. The Virtual
- [How to Analyse EQ-5D Data? Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data: The Indispensable New Guide](https://www.ohe.org/news/how-analyse-eq-5d-data-methods-analysing-and-reporting-eq-5d-data-indispensable-new-guide/) - "Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data" is the first published guide on how to analyse data produced by the EQ-5D. The official launch of this new, open-access book will take place as an online event on Tuesday 15th December, 13.00-14.00 GMT. "Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data" is the first published guide on
- [Should We ‘Drop Dead’ from Health State Valuation?](https://www.ohe.org/news/should-we-drop-dead-health-state-valuation/) - In a new OHE Research Paper, Chris Sampson, David Parkin, and Nancy Devlin consider whether ‘dead’ must be used as an anchor in health state valuation. The authors are looking for feedback from readers to inform future research. Resource allocation decisions in health care may involve trade-offs between improving people’s quality of life and improving
- [We have launched OHE Bulletin, a new monthly newsletter](https://www.ohe.org/news/we-have-launched-ohe-bulletin-new-monthly-newsletter/) - Did you know we have launched our first monthly newsletter called the OHE Bulletin?Each month sees a new guest editor take ownership of the Bulletin ensuring original and interesting content delivered to straight to your inbox on the first Thursday of every month.This is what you can expect from every edition:A guest editors letter shining
- [Opportunity Cost in Health Care: a Favourite Research Topic for OHE](https://www.ohe.org/news/opportunity-cost-health-care-favourite-research-topic-ohe/) - OHE’s Chris Sampson is leading a new Research Topic published in Frontiers in Health Services, titled ‘Opportunity Costs in Health Care: Cost-effectiveness Thresholds and Beyond’. The Research Topic is open for submissions, and the editors are inviting research and commentary on a range of issues that the OHE team has been tackling for many years.
- [OHE Thanks Trustees for Their Service](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-thanks-trustees-their-service/) - As a Charity, OHE is governed by a Board of Trustees which today is comprised of a mixture of academic and industry experts. OHE has been privileged to have many leading health economists serving on its Boards and Committees over the nearly 60 years of its existence.Two giants in the academic field are stepping down
- [OHE Announces New Trustees and Board Chair](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-announces-new-trustees-and-board-chair/) - As Professor Mike Drummond and Professor Bengt Jonnson step down from the OHE Board of Trustees after more than a decade of service, OHE announces the appointment of Professor Margaret Kyle and Professor Werner Brouwer as replacements with Professor Anita Charlesworth becoming chair As Professor Mike Drummond and Professor Bengt Jonnson step down from the
- [OHE Welcomes Patrick Holmes to the Board of Trustees](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-welcomes-patrick-holmes-board-trustees/) - In December, OHE announced that Professor Mike Drummond , Professor Bengt Jonnson, and Louise Timlin were stepping down from the OHE Board of Trustees. OHE is pleased to welcome Patrick Holmes to the Board of Trustees effective 31 January 2022. OHE’s Chief Executive, Professor Graham Cookson says, “We’re delighted to welcome Patrick Holmes to the
- [Patient Participation Awareness Week 2022](https://www.ohe.org/news/patient-participation-awareness-week-2022/) - In recognition of National Patient Participation Week, OHE wants to acknowledge the integral role that patients and the public play in how decisions are made in the National Health Service (NHS) and other health systems. This includes decisions about their own care but also decisions that can affect how and which services are provided to
- [OHE's 60th Anniversary Party – Celebrating Our Achievements and Looking Forward](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohes-60th-anniversary-party-celebrating-our-achievements-and-looking-forward/) - On the evening of June 16, 2022, an exceptionally bright and warm day, OHE hosted a party to celebrate the 60th anniversary of its existence. The event took place at 4 Hamilton Place, an Edwardian Mansion in the heart of Mayfair, London. About 140 attendants were served nibbles and drinks on the terrace with views over
- [OHE is Leading Research to Develop an EQ-5D ‘Bolt-on’ for Hearing](https://www.ohe.org/news/ohe-leading-research-develop-eq-5d-bolt-hearing/) - OHE and the University of Technology Sydney are leading a study funded by the EuroQol Research Foundation to develop a ‘bolt-on’ descriptor for the EQ-5D. The goal is to develop and test new questions that can be used with people who have hearing impairments. We’re currently seeking research participants.The EQ-5D descriptive system forms the basis
- [Professor Aidan Hollis wins first £40,000 OHE Policy Innovation Prize](https://www.ohe.org/news/professor-aidan-hollis-wins-first-40000-ohe-policy-innovation-prize/) - Entrants challenged to devise a globally applicable approach to fair pricing of medicines. Winning entry proposes de-linking the innovation reward payments from the price.
- [New free educational program launched - Explaining the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act](https://www.ohe.org/news/new-free-educational-program-launched-explaining-the-u-s-inflation-reduction-act/) - We have launched a free online explainer to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. It makes essential viewing for anyone wanting a sound knowledge of the technical detail of the Act and how it relates to pharmaceutical payment and coverage.
- [Applications open for MSc and PhD Fellowship Programme 2024](https://www.ohe.org/news/applications-open-for-msc-and-phd-fellowship-programme-2024/) - We actively support the next generation of health economists in a range of ways. If you are looking to undertake an MSc or PhD in Health Economics, apply for our Fellowship Programme with City and LSE.

## Pages

- [OHE](https://www.ohe.org/) - The Office of Health Economics (OHE) is a health economics research organisation. We are a registered charity and an Independent Research Organisation.
- [A Dose of Economics](https://www.ohe.org/a-dose-of-economics/) - A Dose of Economics is OHE’s podcast on health economics, healthcare policy, HTA, AI, drug pricing, and resource allocation with leading global experts.
- [Our team](https://www.ohe.org/about-ohe/ohe-team/) - Meet the OHE team: experts from government, life sciences, consultancies, and academia, supported by a global network to drive health economics research and insights.
- [Careers at OHE](https://www.ohe.org/about-ohe/join-ohe/) - Join OHE and explore careers, inclusive workplace committed to equality, fairness, and a safe environment for all employees and stakeholders.
- [OHE Graduate School](https://www.ohe.org/ohe-academy/ohe-graduate-school/) - OHE Graduate School scholarships fund UK part-time MSc and PhD programmes in health economics, covering tuition fees, stipend and career opportunities.
- [Contact us](https://www.ohe.org/about-ohe/contact-us/) - Get in touch with OHE in London for enquiries, research collaborations, or events. Find our office near London Bridge and contact us via email.
- [2024 Innovation Policy Prize ](https://www.ohe.org/events-overview/2024-innovation-policy-prize/) - Explore the 2024 Innovation Policy Prize, highlighting visionary ideas from experts tackling fair medicine pricing, global health innovation, and environmentally sustainable solutions.
- [Past events](https://www.ohe.org/events-overview/past-events/) - Browse OHE’s archive of past events, including webinars, conferences, and workshops in health economics and policy.
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- [Understanding ALS: Crossword](https://www.ohe.org/understanding-als-crossword/) - Try our quick crossword to see how much you know about this rare, rapidly progressive disease, its impact on patients and healthcare systems, and the emerging opportunities for research and treatment.
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## Events

- [Mid-year health check: policy, pricing & what's coming](https://www.ohe.org/events/mid-year-health-check-policy-pricing-whats-coming/) - Midway through 2026, OHE reflects on the year’s defining health economics shifts, from US MFN pricing to NICE, EU JCA and rare disease access.
- [OHE at the World Health Assembly 2026](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-at-the-world-health-assembly-2026/) - World Health Assembly (WHA) 2026 side events by OHE in Geneva on cardiovascular disease, climate policy and immunisation, with global health leaders and policymakers.
- [Masterclass: Cost-effectiveness thresholds in health technology assessment](https://www.ohe.org/events/masterclass-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-in-health-technology-assessment/) - Unpack NICE's cost-effectiveness thresholds with OHE experts. Explore HTA systems, opportunity cost & emerging evidence in this in-depth live masterclass.
- [Can we “Netflix” the Broken Antibiotics Market?](https://www.ohe.org/events/can-we-netflix-broken-antibiotics-market/) - OHE webinar explored a Netflix-style model for antibiotics to tackle resistance, boost investment, and shape antimicrobial policy in England and beyond.
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2022 | Universal Health Coverage: More Than Just Old Wine in a New Bottle?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2022-universal-health-coverage-more-than-just-old-wine-in-a-new-bottle/) - OHE Annual Lecture compares old and new Universal Health Coverage (UHC) measures, including financial protection, coverage depth, and lessons from COVID-19.
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2023 | The ECO-nomics of Health in a Shifting Climate: Fostering Well-being, Sustainable Livelihoods, and a Greener Future](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2023-the-economics-of-health-in-a-changing-climate/) - OHE Annual Lecture on the ECO-nomics of health in a shifting climate: strategies for a low-carbon future, healthier societies, global climate action leadership.
- [Insights From 2022 and Emerging Issues in 2023](https://www.ohe.org/events/insights-from-2022-and-emerging-issues-in-2023/) - OHE reflected on 2022 insights—from AMR and carer outcomes to healthcare innovation—and highlighted emerging policy issues shaping 2023.
- [Vaccines, Antivirals, Lockdowns and COVID: Lessons from the Pandemic](https://www.ohe.org/events/covid-lessons-from-the-pandemic/) - The webinar explored lessons from COVID-19, with experts discussing risk management, government reforms, and strategies to improve the UK’s future pandemic preparedness and response.
- [The Value of Vaccines and Taskforces](https://www.ohe.org/events/4875/) - The OHE webinar explored the true value of vaccines, drawing on lessons from the UK COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force and strategies for addressing major health challenges.
- [Informal Caring Burden in HTA Series: Webinar 1 - What is carer burden and why is it important in HTA?](https://www.ohe.org/events/informal-caring-burden-in-hta/) - OHE webinar series examined the impacts of informal care, methods for capturing carer responsibilities, and the future of including them in HTA.
- [Informal Caring Burden in HTA Series: Webinar 2 - How is carer burden captured in HTA, and what are some of the existing challenges?](https://www.ohe.org/events/informal-carer-burden-webinar-2/) - OHE webinar series examined the impacts of informal care, methods for capturing carer responsibilities, and the future of including them in HTA.
- [Informal Caring Burden in HTA Series: Webinar 3 - Capturing carer burden in HTA: what is the future?](https://www.ohe.org/events/informal-carer-burden-webinar-3/) - OHE webinar series examined the impacts of informal care, methods for capturing carer responsibilities, and the future of including them in HTA.
- [Valuing Vaccines: The Economics of Vaccines & Immunisations](https://www.ohe.org/events/valuing-vaccines-the-economics-of-vaccines-immunisations/) - EVIA Programme: insights into vaccines economics in sub-Saharan Africa, practical lessons, and strategies for evidence-based immunisation decisions.
- [Cell & Gene Therapies: Can We Find Innovative Ways to Pay?](https://www.ohe.org/events/cell-gene-therapies-can-we-find-innovative-ways-to-pay/) - OHE in Boston: experts discuss innovative reimbursement strategies, value demonstration, and access solutions for cell & gene therapies.
- [Supporting Sustainability in the Era of Green Pharmaceuticals](https://www.ohe.org/events/supporting-sustainability-in-the-era-of-green-pharmaceuticals/) - Green pharmaceuticals and sustainability: OHE webinar on reducing NHS carbon footprint, industry solutions, and strategies for a climate-resilient future.
- [Partnerships for Health System Innovation and Improvement](https://www.ohe.org/events/partnerships-for-health-system-innovation-and-improvement/) - Health system innovation: overcoming adoption barriers through multistakeholder partnerships, improving efficiency, knowledge exchange, and policy impact.
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 2023](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-at-ispor-europe-2023/) - OHE at ISPOR 2023: expert sessions on HTA, gene therapies, antibiotics, immunization, and innovative payment models shaping global health policy.
- [Reimagining Prevention for a Healthier, More Prosperous Society](https://www.ohe.org/events/prevention-webinar/) - Prevention in healthcare: barriers, NHS funding gaps, and strategies to improve population health and economic outcomes in the UK.
- [Lung Cancer's Biggest Test: How Can We Mobilise NGS Testing to Transform Lung Cancer Care?](https://www.ohe.org/events/lung-cancers-biggest-test-how-can-we-mobilise-ngs-testing-to-transform-lung-cancer-care/) - NGS testing in lung cancer: barriers, funding gaps, and strategies to expand access and improve precision care across Europe.
- [Insights and Reflections from 2023](https://www.ohe.org/events/insights-and-reflection-from-2023/) - OHE 2023 insights: key research trends, prevention, sustainability, HTA policy reforms, and emerging issues shaping health economics in 2024.
- [The Future of NICE in a Changing HTA Landscape](https://www.ohe.org/events/the-future-of-nice-in-a-changing-hta-landscape/) - Future of NICE and evolving HTA landscape: expert insights on innovation, policy changes, and what’s next for health technology assessment in the UK.
- [Efficiency and Labour Productivity of Primary Care in England](https://www.ohe.org/events/efficiency-and-labour-productivity-of-primary-care-in-england/) - Efficiency and labour productivity of primary care in England: insights, methods, and trends shaping general practice performance and policy decisions.
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2024 | The Preventive Health Revolution: Live Longer, Live Better](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2024-the-preventive-health-revolution-live-longer-live-better/) - OHE Annual Lecture highlighted the need for a longevity-focused society, emphasising prevention to achieve longer, healthier lives and strengthen economic and health outcomes.
- [Drug Shortages: What are the causes, consequences and pathways to a solution?](https://www.ohe.org/events/drug-shortages-what-are-the-causes-consequences-and-pathways-to-a-solution/) - OHE webinar explored the causes, costs, and consequences of global drug shortages, reviewing research, international policy measures, and strategies to prevent future supply disruptions.
- [The Price of Success: Can innovative payment models support access to combination therapies in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/events/the-price-of-success-can-innovative-payment-models-support-access-to-combination-therapies-in-europe/) - This panel discussed the pros and cons of differential pricing for combination therapies in Europe and whether current pricing systems are ready for new market entrants.
- [Insights and Reflections from 2024](https://www.ohe.org/events/insights-and-reflections-from-2024/) - OHE’s first 2025 webinar reviewed 2024’s key insights, including drug shortages, vaccines, ISPOR top insights, and emerging issues for the year ahead.
- [Valuing health in an era of climate crisis: informing policy through economic evidence](https://www.ohe.org/events/valuing-health-in-an-era-of-climate-crisis-informing-policy-through-economic-evidence/) - OHE panel explores how health economics can guide policy in the climate crisis, applying methods to assess health impacts, mitigation strategies, and sustainable decision-making.
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2025 | Ten years to turn it around: The economic reality of NHS reform](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2025-ten-years-to-turn-it-around-the-economic-reality-of-nhs-reform/) - Anita Charlesworth examines the NHS 10-Year Plan, exploring economic realities, key investments, and reforms needed to deliver sustainable, effective health system change.
- [Green Healthcare: Are We Asking the Right Questions?](https://www.ohe.org/events/green-healthcare-are-we-asking-the-right-questions/) - OHE explored how healthcare can reduce its climate impact while staying cost-effective, covering sustainable practices, economic strategies, and policy priorities.
- [World EPA Congress 2026](https://www.ohe.org/events/world-epa-congress-2026/) - World EPA Congress is Europe’s largest conference in market access, pricing and evidence featuring 300 speakers and attendees from pharma, biotech and Payers/HTAs.
- [2025 Wrapped: Health, policy shifts & what’s next](https://www.ohe.org/events/2025-wrapped-health-policy-shifts-whats-next/) - In January we recapped the biggest topics in health economics from 2025 across policy, prevention, and health technology assessments (HTA) and shared predictions and themes that will define the year ahead. We’ll recap the biggest topics in health economics from 2025 across policy, prevention, and health technology assessments (HTA) and share predictions and themes that
- [2024 Innovation Policy Prize Award Ceremony](https://www.ohe.org/events/2024-innovation-policy-prize-award-ceremony/) - Join us at St Mary's London for the 2024 Innovation Policy Prize Ceremony. During this evening, we will award the £40,000 fund to the winners, Andrew Briggs and Thomas Pogge, who will present their solution to this year’s question: How can economic policies incentivise environmentally sustainable innovation in the life sciences sector This year we
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 2024](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-at-ispor-europe-2024/) - If you want to catch OHE experts at ISPOR Europe this year, you'll find us at the following sessions in Barcelona.
- [OHE at ISPOR 2024](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-at-ispor-2024/) - POST PICKER (PEOPLE)
- [OHE at IHEA 2023](https://www.ohe.org/events/events-ohe-at-ihea-2023/) - The OHE team will be attending IHEA world Congress on Health Economics 2023 in Cape Town. If you are attending, come along to our sessions or contact individuals directly.
- [OHE at ISPOR 2023](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-at-ispor-2023/) - The OHE team will be attending ISPOR 2023, with our experts involved in sessions throughout the event. If you are attending, come along to our sessions or contact individuals directly.
- [Collaborating on Payment Models to Unlock the Potential of Multi-Indication Therapies.](https://www.ohe.org/events/collaborating-on-payment-models-to-unlock-the-potential-of-multi-indication-therapies/) - Innovation in drug development is evolving at pace. Individual medicines are increasingly found to benefit patients in a range of indications....
- [The Value of a QALY Towards the End of Life and its Determinants: Experimental Evidence](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-value-qaly-towards-end-life-and-its-determinants-experimental-evidence/) - ABOUT THIS EVENT OHE's Lunchtime Seminar Series shines a spotlight on important pieces of research, supporting of our charitable goal of improving the quantity and quality of debate on health economics. The Value of a QALY towards the End of Life and its Determinants: Experimental Evidence OBJECTIVE End-of-life healthcare expenditure (HCE) is a substantial contributor
- [Severity in Value Assessment: From Principle to Practice](https://www.ohe.org/events/severity-value-assessment-principle-practice/) - There is a wealth of evidence showing societal support to prioritise interventions for severe illnesses and a number of robust methods enabling to reflect this in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) decision-making. However, little practice has been observed in applying greater (and explicit) value to improving health of the sicker patients in value assessments. For example,
- [Do We Need Animal Health Economics?](https://www.ohe.org/events/do-we-need-animal-health-economics/) - Economic analysis has been central to decision-making in human health for decades. The same cannot be said for animal health. Let's discuss. About this event: Economic analysis has been central to decision-making in human health and health care for decades. The same cannot be said for animal health. This webinar will consider the question 'Do
- [The Role of Unmet Need in Pharmaceutical Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/events/role-unmet-need-pharmaceutical-innovation/) - An OHE webinar discussing the different roles of unmet need along the development pathway and how its application might be improved. An OHE webinar discussing the different roles of unmet need along the development pathway and how its application might be improved The concept of unmet medical need is central to pharmaceutical development, including in
- [Virtual OHE Annual Lecture 2021: Do Patents Work? Evidence from Pharmaceutical Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/events/virtual-ohe-annual-lecture-2021-do-patents-work-evidence-pharmaceutical-innovation-2/) - The exceptional circumstances of COVID-19 revived the controversy around patents of pharmaceutical products. A group of specialists suggested that the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement should be waived to provide quick access to COVID-19 to low- and middle-income countries. Those opposing the waiver argued that there was no guarantee that this approach
- [International Drug Pricing Transparency](https://www.ohe.org/events/price-transparency-webinar/) - Join us on the 21st July between 15:00 – 16:30 BST as OHE experts discuss the economics, politics, and public policy of international drug pricing. Confidential net prices are currently essential for differential pricing, which in turn is viewed as necessary to balance patient access with continual innovation in drug development. Rising healthcare costs, fuelled
- [Paying for Cures](https://www.ohe.org/events/paying-cures-webinar/) - At a time when health systems had to shift their resources to deal with the COVID-19 crisis, it becomes more important than ever to find effective ways to provide access to the most needed treatments. At a time when health systems had to shift their resources to deal with the COVID-19 crisis, it becomes more
- [How Should the World Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.ohe.org/events/how-should-world-pay-covid-19-vaccine/) - Prof. Adrian Towse discusses the options for funding the development and manufacture of a vaccine, reflecting on their strengths and weaknesses, considering what may happen with no regional or global collaboration. Analysis will consider the work of Gavi and others to construct a global vaccine market that delivers for all citizens. Development and administration of
- [OHE Annual Lecture Webinar 2020: How Should the World Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-webinar-2020-how-should-world-pay-covid-19-vaccine/) - In place of OHE’s 2020 Annual Lecture, Adrian Towse will give a webinar-lecture on June 25th at 2 pm (BST) on payment models for a COVID-19 vaccine. He will discuss options for funding development and manufacture of a vaccine, reflecting on their strengths and weaknesses, considering what may happen with no regional or global collaboration.
- [Personalised Medicine: Is it an Oil-Rush or Oil-Spill?](https://www.ohe.org/events/personalised-medicine-it-oil-rush-or-oil-spill/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Alistair McGuire, London School of Economics entitled "Personalised Medicine: Is it an Oil-Rush or Oil-Spill?" While there have been some remarkable successes to date, personalized medicine is accompanied by an awareness of increased complexity in biologic knowledge. This increased biologic information has highlighted the general difficulty associated with personalized medicine. Generally,
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Closing the ‘Know-Do’ Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-closing-know-do-gap-health-systems-reform-policy-level/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Rafael Bengoa, Institute for Health and Strategy and David Hunter, Newcastle University entitled "Closing the ‘Know-Do’ Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level". Most countries are transforming their health systems to meet the challenges posed by the shifting burden of disease, demographic changes, workforce pressures, the arrival of digital
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Do We Measure the ‘Value’  in Value - based Care?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-do-we-measure-value-value-based-care/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Stephen McKenna, Galen Research and University of Manchester. The seminar will examine conceptual and practical aspects of measuring value in health care. Value-based care differs from a fee-for-service approach, in which providers are paid based on the amount of healthcare services they deliver. The “value” in value-based healthcare is derived from
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2019: The Evolution of U.S. Policy Responses to the Opioid Epidemic](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2019-evolution-us-policy-responses-opioid-epidemic/) - In 2017 more than 70,000 people in the U.S. died of drug overdoses. Opioids were implicated in an estimated 68% of those deaths. The U.S. response to the crisis has been multifaceted, including efforts aimed at prevention, treatment and harm reduction. The policy response in the form of spending patterns, regulation, and law enforcement has
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Health Years in Total (HYT): A New Health Objective Function for Cost-effectiveness Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-health-years-total-hyt-new-health-objective-function-cost-effectiveness/) - The seminar will examine conceptual and theoretic arguments for use of HYT and illustrate their performance against QALYs and EVL. Methods to calculate HYT in a CEA model, to derive CEA thresholds for HYT corresponding to the QALY-based thresholds in the US and policy implications for the use of HYT using recently published technology evaluations
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Incentives for R&D, Competition and Intertemporal Effects of Payment Rules for Cures](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-incentives-rd-competition-and-intertemporal-effects-payment-rules-cures/) - Prof. Pedro Pita Barros will examine how enlarging the set of possible pricing rules to those that include an intertemporal perspective can incentivise efficient investment in pharmaceutical R&D. Current payment and pricing rules of pharmaceutical products do not account for intertemporal effects of cures for infectious diseases producing a positive intertemporal externality for future generations.
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Cascades of Care in Health Policy Analysis and Planning](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-cascades-care-health-policy-analysis-and-planning/) - ‘Cascades of care’ have emerged as an attractive tool for assessing access to care for numerous chronic diseases, including HIV/AIDS, addiction, diabetes, hepatitis, mental health, and tuberculosis. In this seminar Dr. Haacker will discuss the use of cascades of care in health policy analysis and planning, and will review various examples of its applications. ‘Cascades
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: What Can NHS Trusts do to Reduce Cancer Waiting Times?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-what-can-nhs-trusts-do-reduce-cancer-waiting-times-0/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Sarah Karlsberg, Steven Paling and Júlia González Esquerré, NHS Improvement. Rapid diagnosis and access to treatment for cancer are vital for both clinical outcomes and patient experience of care. The NHS Constitution contains several waiting times targets, including that 85% of patients diagnosed with cancer should receive treatment within 62 days
- [OHE at ISPOR Europe 2018](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-ispor-europe-2018/) - Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Europe 2018 conference in Barcelona, 10-14 November. Meet some of the OHE team at the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Europe 2018 conference in Barcelona, 10-14 November.The theme for ISPOR Europe 2018 is New Perspectives for
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Price Regulation of Generics and Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-price-regulation-generics-and-drug-shortages/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr. Aslam Anis, The University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health. Generic pharmaceutical markets in Canada are subject to various 'price-cap' regulations referred to as the maximum allowable list price (MALP). In 2013, the Pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance (pCPA), formed as a coalition by the provinces, introduced a nation-wide
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: An Overview of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) and the PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) Scoring System](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-overview-us-national-institutes-health-nih-patient-reported-outcomes/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Janel Hanmer, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Director, UPMC Patient Reported Outcomes Center. The EQ-5D, Health Utilities Index, SF-6D, and the Quality of Well-being Index are among the most widely used generic preference-based health-related quality of life measures. However, they each have some of the following limitations: (1)
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Early Experience with HTA of Gene Therapies in the US: Pricing and Paying for Cures](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-early-experience-hta-gene-therapies-us-pricing-and-paying-cures/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Steven Pearson, Founder and President of the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). The time is rapidly approaching when health care funders and health care systems around the world must be able to manage a growing number of drugs offering potential cures for a wide range of illnesses. The innovation
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: The People’s Prescription - Re-imagining Health Innovation to Deliver Public Value](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-peoples-prescription-re-imagining-health-innovation-deliver-public/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Mariana Mazzucato, UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose. Health innovation would be futile and unjust if it does not address public health needs or ensure access to new treatments and cures by the people that need them. The current health innovation system risks becoming just that: beleaguered by increasing financialisation
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2018: Is There an Economic Case for Investing in the NHS? Really?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2018-there-economic-case-investing-nhs-really/) - Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Peter Smith on Tuesday, 4 September 2018, at the Royal College of Physicians, London. The recent debate over funding has highlighted the difficulty of persuading sceptics that the NHS is a good use of public finance. The UK government’s decision to increase NHS England’s budget by £20bn
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Is Hypothecation the Way to Raise the Money for the “Multi-Year” Funding Settlement that the NHS has been Promised?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-hypothecation-way-raise-money-multi-year-funding-settlement-nhs-has/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Nicholas Timmins, King’s Fund and the Institute for Government. Theresa May, the prime minister, has promised a five-year settlement for NHS services average 3.4 per cent in real terms. But she has yet to spell out how the money for that will be raised. In recent months, there has been a growing
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Can We Evaluate the Cost-effectiveness of Health System Strengthening? A Platforms Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-can-we-evaluate-cost-effectiveness-health-system-strengthening/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Peter C. Smith, Imperial College. Many investments in health systems take the form of “health system strengthening” but it is not clear how to rigorously appraise the economic value of such investments. Health interventions often depend on a complex system of human and capital infrastructure that is shared with other interventions,
- [OHE at the EuroQol Academy Meeting 2018](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-euroqol-academy-meeting-2018/) - OHE’s Patricia Cubi-Molla, Nancy Devlin, Yan Feng, Mike Herdman, Paula Lorgelly, David Mott, David Parkin and Koonal Shah all contributed to the EuroQol Academy Meeting 2018. The third EuroQol Academy Meeting took place between 5th and 7th March in Budapest, Hungary. OHE researchers played an active role in the presentation and discussion of EQ-5D-related research. The
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Valuing Children’s Health for Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-valuing-childrens-health-economic-evaluation/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Oliver Rivero-Arias, NPEU, University of Oxford. Economic evaluations of treatments for children have primarily used adult preferences when estimating health benefits using multi-attribute utility measures. Recent work has demonstrated that using adult value sets to inform preferences for health states experienced by children or adolescents is not appropriate, and this has
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients:  How Much Does Ownership Matter?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-providing-health-care-nhs-patients-how-much-does-ownership-matter-0/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Martin Chalkley, Centre for Health Economics at the University of York, and Jon Sussex, RAND Europe. Professor Martin Chalkley (University of York) and Jon Sussex (RAND Europe) will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: Providing Health Care to NHS Patients: How Much Does Ownership Matter?Googling “private ownership in the NHS”
- [OHE at ISPOR’s 20th Annual European Congress: Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-ispors-20th-annual-european-congress-presentations/) - Presentations from ISPOR’s 20th Annual European Congress by staff at The Office of Health Economics are now available online Staff from OHE recently attended the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) 20th Annual European Congress. We contributed to a variety of sessions, and can now share our presentations from the meeting.Koonal Shah presented
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar and Webinar: The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit: Past Performance and Future Prospects](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-and-webinar-uk-biotech-sector-and-brexit-past-performance-and-future/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Sir Geoffrey Owen, London School of Economics , and Professor Michael Hopkins, SPRU – the Science Policy Research Unit, in the School of Business, Management and Economics, University of Sussex . OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Sir Geoffrey Owen and Professor Michael Hopkins: The UK biotech sector and Brexit: past performance and
- [Presentation at the NHS Global Health Volunteering Group Meeting: “The Value of International Volunteering and Placements to the NHS”](https://www.ohe.org/events/presentation-nhs-global-health-volunteering-group-meeting-value-international-volunteering/) - OHE presented at the NHS Global Health Volunteering Group meeting in London on research measuring the value of international volunteering for the NHS. The Office of Health Economics has recently completed a research project funded by the NHS Global Health Exchange – Health Education England (HEE). The primary aim of the project was to quantify
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar and Webinar: NHS Agency Staffing and the Impact of Recent Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-and-webinar-nhs-agency-staffing-and-impact-recent-interventions/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Chris Mullin, Chief Economist, Department of Health. Temporary agency staffing has been a major area of focus for the NHS in England over the last five years. In the context of the financial challenges across the NHS provider sector, the spotlight fell on the sharp increase in agency expenditure, which by
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: How Cost-Effective are New Cancer Drugs in the U.S.?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-how-cost-effective-are-new-cancer-drugs-us/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Frank Lichtenberg, Columbia University. The number of drugs approved by the FDA for treating cancer has increased substantially during the last 40 years. Moreover, cancer drug innovation has been accelerating: more than 8 times as many new cancer drugs were approved during 2005-2015 as were approved during 1975-1985 (66 vs.
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Management in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-management-nhs/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Carol Propper, Imperial College. Better management has been shown to be associated with better firm performance in many countries and in many settings, including in organisations which provide public services. There are many studies of management in the NHS. Most have concluded that management is important.This lecture will examine how much
- [OHE Annual Lecture 2017: Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-2017-why-are-mortality-rates-rising-middle-aged-white-non-hispanic/) - OHE’s annual lecture 2017 will be held on Thursday 15 June at the Royal Society, London. The lecture will be given by Professors Anne Case and Sir Angus Deaton on the topic of: Why are mortality rates rising for middle-aged white non-Hispanic Americans? Could it happen in Europe? Join OHE for an evening lecture with
- [OHE at the EuroQol Academy Meeting 2017](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-euroqol-academy-meeting-2017/) - OHE’s Nancy Devlin, Yan Feng, Mike Herdman and Koonal Shah all contributed to the EuroQol Academy Meeting 2017. The EuroQol Group is a global network of experts that initiated and continues to develop the EQ-5D, a generic measure of health outcome. The ‘past, present and future’ of the EuroQol Group and the EQ-5D instrument was
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Interventions that Encourage High-Value Nursing Home Care: Lessons for the UK](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-interventions-encourage-high-value-nursing-home-care-lessons-uk/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor David Grabowski, Harvard University.Countries around the world are struggling with how to provide high-value nursing home care. Many countries are plagued with low-quality care, supply problems and rising public expenditures. These problems will only increase in the coming years with the aging of the baby boom generation. There are also
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Economic Evaluation for Decision-Making and the Value of Access to Individual Patient Data](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-economic-evaluation-decision-making-and-value-access-individual-patient/) - The international debate surrounding the opportunities offered by (and the challenges associated with) a more systematic approach to patient-level data sharing has yet to settle. The arguments in favour and against are well known, and the discussion so far has involved a wide range of stakeholders with potentially competing interests.To successfully support healthcare decision-making, cost-effectiveness
- [OHE's 2016 Annual Lecture with Dame Sally Davies: 10 Years of NIHR: Achievements and Challenges for the Next Decade](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohes-2016-annual-lecture-dame-sally-davies-10-years-nihr-achievements-and-challenges-next/) - OHE Annual Lecture with Professor Dame Sally Davies on Monday 7 November 2016 at the Royal College of Physicians, London. Join OHE for an evening lecture with Professor Dame Sally Davies on Monday 7 November 2016 at the Royal College of Physicians, London. Professor Davies will use the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Health Technology Assessment Scientific and Outcomes Advice on Medicinal Drug Development](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-health-technology-assessment-scientific-and-outcomes-advice-medicinal/) - OHE lunchtime seminar with Leeza Osipenko (NICE Scientific Advice), Nancy Delvin and François Maignen (OHE) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) scientific advice (SA) was created by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in 2009. More recent initiatives have sought to coordinate HTA SA across Europe and promote the integration of HTA SA with the
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Health Economic Evaluation throughout the Ages](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-health-economic-evaluation-throughout-ages/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Philip Clarke, The University of Melbourne This lecture will provide a broad overview of the development of economic methods for evaluating public health and medical interventions prior to the 1970s. It will be divided into three sections:Early contributions primarily from the United States, such as the work of Chapin and
- [OHE Seminar: Patents, Price Controls, and the Global Diffusion of New Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-seminar-patents-price-controls-and-global-diffusion-new-drugs/) - OHE Seminar with Professor Iain Cockburn, Boston University Questrom School of Business, and the National Bureau of Economic Research OHE Seminar with Professor Iain Cockburn, Boston University Questrom School of Business, and the National Bureau of Economic Research. Analysis of data on the timing of launches of 642 new drugs in 76 countries during 1983-2002 shows
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Delivering an Outcomes Based NHS: Creating the right conditions](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-delivering-outcomes-based-nhs-creating-right-conditions/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr Nicholas Hicks, Founder and Chief Executive, COBIC OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr Nicholas Hicks, Founder and Chief Executive, COBIC.Everyone wants an NHS that delivers good outcomes for those that use the service, their families and communities. But wishing for something to happen doesn’t necessarily make it so. The NHS continues
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: ‘Age, Utilities, and Self-Reported Health: Issues for HTA’](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-age-utilities-and-self-reported-health-issues-hta/) - On Wednesday 18th May, Dr Patricia Cubi-Molla, Economist at the Office of Health Economics, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of ‘Age, utilities, and self-reported health: issues for HTA’. On Wednesday 18th May, Dr Patricia Cubi-Molla, Economist at the Office of Health Economics, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic
- [OHE Lunchtime Seminar: Evidence that Challenges Decision Makers: Experiences and Examples](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-lunchtime-seminar-evidence-challenges-decision-makers-experiences-and-examples/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr Amanda Adler, Chair of NICE Appraisal Committee B and Consultant Physician On Tuesday 19th April, Dr Amanda Adler, Chair of NICE Appraisal Committee B and Consultant Physician, will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: ‘Evidence that challenges decision makers: experiences and examples. A personal view from the Chair of a
- [From the Antipodes to the Motherland: Reflections on HTA Decision Makers as Budget Takers and Budget Makers](https://www.ohe.org/events/antipodes-motherland-reflections-hta-decision-makers-budget-takers-and-budget-makers/) - Forthcoming OHE lunchtime Seminar with OHE's Deputy Director Paula Lorgelly. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with OHE's Deputy Director Paul LorgellyOn Monday 14th December, OHE’s Deputy Director Paula Lorgelly will lead an OHE Lunchtime Seminar on the topic of: HTA decision makers as budget takers and budget makers.The seminar will highlight that decision-making criteria employed by health
- [PharmaDiplomacy: A Proposal for a Collaborative, Mutually  Acceptable Approach to Drug Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/events/pharmadiplomacy-proposal-collaborative-mutually-acceptable-approach-drug-pricing/) - OHE lunchtime seminar with James Anderson, GSK, Ri De Ridder, RIZIV-INAMI, and Sophia Tickell, Meteos. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with James Anderson, GSK, Ri De Ridder, RIZIV-INAMI, and Sophia Tickell, Meteos.The issue of pharmaceutical pricing and value is currently high on the agenda. In theory, generating consistent, comparable and reliable outcomes data around particular healthcare interventions
- [Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector: What Works?](https://www.ohe.org/events/waiting-time-policies-health-sector-what-works/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Luigi Siciliani, Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Luigi Siciliani, Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York.The seminar will include a summary of key findings from a recent review of policies that aim to reduce waiting times in 13 OECD
- [2015 OHE Annual Lecture: Regulation, Reimbursement, and Evidence on New Medical Technologies: Experiences and Future Directions in the United States](https://www.ohe.org/events/2015-ohe-annual-lecture-regulation-reimbursement-and-evidence-new-medical-technologies/) - OHE Annual Lecture with Mark McClellan of the Brookings Institution. OHE Annual Lecture with Mark McClellan of the Brookings Institution Join OHE on the evening of 6 July 2015 when we welcome Dr Mark McClellan of the Brookings Institution to speak on Regulation, Reimbursement, and Evidence on New Medical Technologies: Experiences and Future Directions in the
- [The Economics of Elevated Hospital Mortality at Weekends](https://www.ohe.org/events/economics-elevated-hospital-mortality-weekends/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Matt Sutton, Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Matt Sutton, Manchester Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester.The English National Health Service is moving rapidly towards providing comprehensive seven day hospital services in response to higher death rates for emergency weekend admissions. However,
- [Do Financial Incentives Trump Clinical Guidance? Hip Replacement in England and Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/events/do-financial-incentives-trump-clinical-guidance-hip-replacement-england-and-scotland/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr Irene Papanicolas and Dr Alistair McGuire, London School of Economics. OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Dr Irene Papanicolas and Dr Alistair McGuire, London School of Economics Following devolution in 1999 England and Scotland’s National Health Systems (NHS) diverged, resulting in major differences in hospital payment policies. England introduced a case based payment
- [The Impact of Price-cap Regulations on Entry and Exit by Generic Pharmaceutical Firms in Canada](https://www.ohe.org/events/impact-price-cap-regulations-entry-and-exit-generic-pharmaceutical-firms-canada/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Aslam H. Anis, University of British Columbia Pharmaceutical markets Canada are unique in that generic drugs are subject to 'price-cap' regulations set by provincial governments. Canada's largest pharmaceutical market, the province of Ontario, has been a leader in setting generic price-cap regulations in relation to the price of the brand-name drug,
- [An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England](https://www.ohe.org/events/eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Nancy Devlin, Office of Health Economics and Professor Ben van Hout, University of Sheffield OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Nancy Devlin, Office of Health Economics and Professor Ben van Hout, University of Sheffield An EQ-5D-5L value set for England Thursday 30 October 2014, 12:00-2:00pm. The EQ-5D is a generic preference-based instrument that is
- [Improving Sustainability through Population Needs-Based Planning](https://www.ohe.org/events/improving-sustainability-through-population-needs-based-planning/) - OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Stephen Birch, McMaster University, Canada and University of Manchester, UK OHE Lunchtime Seminar with Professor Stephen Birch, McMaster University, Canada and University of Manchester, UKIn place of fear: Improving sustainability through population needs-based planning The fiscal sustainability of publicly funded health care systems is a challenge to policy-makers in many countries as
- [A US Approach to a Framework for Payer Assessment of New Technologies](https://www.ohe.org/events/us-approach-framework-payer-assessment-new-technologies/) - Payers in the US do not embrace a single, dominant method for determining the value of new technologies. With this mind, Dr Steven Pearson has convened a US policy workgroup of payers, drug and device manufacturers, patients' groups, and clinician specialty societies to help develop a “value framework” to guide the assessment of drugs and
- [Hospital Concentration and Patient Health Gain](https://www.ohe.org/events/hospital-concentration-and-patient-health-gain/) - Health care reforms in England during the last decade have been influenced by the idea that encouraging competition between hospitals, but with prices fixed nationally, will increase the quality of care for patients. A principal criticism of existing empirical studies is how they measure quality of care. Health care reforms in England during the last
- [Uncertainty and Risk in Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/events/uncertainty-and-risk-decision-making/) - Decision making in health technology appraisal involves a significant degree of uncertainty as to the costs and benefits of the technology in question and the value of the expenditure displaced if it is approved. Based on his current research, Adrian Towse reviewed evidence at this seminar that suggests that decision makers react negatively to uncertainty
- [OHE Annual Lecture: Universal Health Coverage: the Holy Grail?](https://www.ohe.org/events/ohe-annual-lecture-universal-health-coverage-holy-grail/) - Health services available to the entire population free of charge, and providing the best health advice and treatment, was the foundation stone for the creation of the National Health Service. The health systems of most other high income countries similarly embody the ideal of universal health coverage. Yet low- and lower-middle-income countries have recently been
- [New Business Models for Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/events/new-business-models-antibiotics/) - Many stakeholders agree that the current business model for antibiotics is broken. Antibiotic innovation has slowed and many of the drugs on the market are losing effectiveness because of resistance. Professor Kevin Outterson is working at Chatham House on evaluating alternatives that will promote both innovation and long-term sustainability of this valuable resource. Many stakeholders
- [Biosimilar Competition: Lessons from Europe and Prospects for the US](https://www.ohe.org/events/biosimilar-competition-lessons-europe-and-prospects-us/) - At this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Professor Henry Grabowski presented the results of his recent research on competition in five European countries on Eprex® (epoetin alpha) and Neupogen® (filigrastim) and their biosimilars. At this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Professor Henry Grabowski presented the results of his recent research on competition in five European countries on Eprex® (epoetin alpha) and
- [Giving Priority to the Severely Ill: Social Preferences and Value Based Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/events/giving-priority-severely-ill-social-preferences-and-value-based-assessment/) - Dr Rowen presented the results of her recent paper “Eliciting societal preferences for burden of illness, therapeutic improvement and end of life for value based pricing”, co-authored with other members of the Department of Health Policy Research Unit in Economic Evaluation of Health and Care Interventions (EEPRU) at the University of Sheffield. Dr Rowen presented
- [Investigating Time Lags in Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/events/investigating-time-lags-medical-research/) - A major challenge in biomedical and health research is how to ensure that research findings are effectively and efficiently translated from "bench to bedside". The time it takes to translate research is central to determining the rate of return from research investments. Previous studies suggest that it takes 17 years, on average, for new discoveries
- [Can the US Afford to Ignore Cost-Effectiveness Evidence in Health Care?](https://www.ohe.org/events/can-us-afford-ignore-cost-effectiveness-evidence-health-care/) - At this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Dr James Chambers of Tufts University presented material drawing on his upcoming OHE Research Paper, which looks at the role cost-effectiveness evidence plays in health care resource allocation in the US. At this OHE Lunchtime Seminar, Dr James Chambers of Tufts University presented material drawing on his upcoming OHE Research Paper,
- [Annual Lecture: Contracting for Quality in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/events/annual-lecture-contracting-quality-nhs/) - The report of the Independent Inquiry into Care provided by the Mid-Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust offers a depressing insight into the quality of care in parts of the NHS. Robert Francis QC recommended a number of unevidenced interventions, which focus on increased regulation.What insight can we gain into NHS quality from an economic perspective? Since

## External Stakeholders

- [Joe Trim](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/joe-trim/)
- [Ella Barker](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ella-barker/)
- [Sam Large](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sam-large/)
- [Tim Reason](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/tim-reason/) - Tim Reason is co-founder of Estima Scientific and specialises in AI and evidence synthesis, having spent 15 years in the field of HEOR and technology. Tim is Managing Director of Estima, driving business activities, innovation and strategy for the company. Tim’s specialises in the intersection of HEOR, software development and AI to drive better outcomes
- [Dalia Dawoud](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dalia-dawoud-2/) - Dalia Dawoud holds MSc in Economic Evaluation in Health Care (City University London) and PhD in pharmaceutical policy and economics (King’s College London) and has practised as health economist and researcher for over 20 years. Her work has largely focused on the application of health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) in HTA and clinical guidelines. Prior
- [Patrick Hopkinson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/patrick-hopkinson/) - Patrick Hopkinson is a Global Market Access/ HEOR expert with over 30 years experience. He is an independent consultant, founder and managing director of PHTA Consulting. He is a senior leader in the life sciences industry with extensive expertise gained from working across multiple functions in global pharmaceutical organizations at an executive leadership level. A former Vice President
- [David McKinney](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-mckinney/) - David is Co-founder and Managing Director of ARMoR, the Alliance for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance, a non-profit focused on improving the policy ecosystem for antimicrobial innovation and access. His work centres on desiging better funding models, incentives and coordination mechanisms to support antibiotic development while ensuring responsible global access. He works closely with policymakers, developers and international
- [Salah Ghabri](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/salah-ghabri/) - Salah Ghabri, Msc, PhD, HDR. is Health Economist Leader and Scientific Referent at the French Authority for Health (HAS). He is Ad-Hoc EU representative Joint Scientific Consultation and associate researcher at the University of Rennes. His interests revolve around economic evaluation of health interventions, economic modelling, uncertainty and sharing risk/pricing analysis, and HTA methods. He
- [Melanie Whittington](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/melanie-whittington/)
- [Conchi Biurrun](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/conchi-biurrun/)
- [Jay Sedam](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jay-sedam/) - Jay Sedam studies at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Jay has a special research interest in comparing FDA and EMA orphan designations and rare disease policies in the US and EU.
- [Samantha Nier](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/samantha-nier/)
- [Panos Kefalas](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/panos-kefalas/)
- [Laura Beswick](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-beswick/)
- [Matthew Durdy](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/matthew-durdy/)
- [Jacqueline Barry](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jacqueline-barry/)
- [Lavni Varyani](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lavni-varyani/) - Lavni Varyani is the Founding Partner of Pharma BP, with c. 14 years of experience in life sciences consulting across the GCC and MENA. She previously worked at IMS Consulting Group (now IQVIA), specializing in market access, pricing pathways, tendering and procurement processes, and commercial effectiveness. Her expertise includes the Saudi HTA system and spans
- [Meng Li](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/8653/) - Meng Li is an Assistant Professor at the Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health at Tufts Medical Center and a nonresident fellow at the Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics at the University of Southern California. Her research focuses on defining and measuring novel elements of value for
- [Yawen Jiang](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/yawen-jiang/) - Yawen Jiang, PhD, is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Social Medicine & Healthcare Management at the School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University. He received his PhD in Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy from the University of Southern California. His work centres on health and pharmaceutical economics, health insurance, and real-world evidence.
- [Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jason-chia-hsun-hsieh/)
- [Jia Pan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jia-pan/)
- [Raoh-Fang Pwu](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/raoh-fang-pwu/) - Dr. Raoh-Fang (Jasmine) Pwu, PhD, is the CEO of the Data Science Center at Fu-Jen Catholic University and currently holds the position of adjunct Assistant Professor at Taipei Medical University. She completed her training as an epidemiologist at the College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, where she developed expertise in research designs and the
- [Claudio Jommi](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/claudio-jommi/) - Claudio Jommi is Professor of Management at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Member of the Programme Board and Scientific Committee of the Master of Discipline Regolatorie e Market Access in Ambito Farmaceutico e Biotecnologico. He was Professor of Practice of Health Policy at SDA Bocconi School of Management, where he
- [Bhaven N. Sampat](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bhaven-sampat/) - Bhaven N. Sampat is an economist by training, a Professor at the Department of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Bhaven has written extensively on life science and pharmaceutical innovation policy, including work on U.S. pharmaceutical patenting, brand-generic competition, gene patents and
- [Federico Augustovski](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/federico-augustovski/) - Federico is the Director of Health Economic Evaluations and Technology Assessment at IECS, affiliated with the University of Buenos Aires and CONETEC. He also directs the WHO Collaborating Centre in Health Technology Assessment at IECS and teaches Public Health at the University of Buenos Aires. He was President of ISPOR (2017-2020) and founding Editor in
- [Andrés Pichon-Riviere](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andres-pichon-riviere/) - Prof. Andres Pichon-Riviere MD Msc PhD, is a Physician, graduated from the University of Buenos Aires (UBA). He has a Master of Sciences in Clinical Epidemiology from Harvard University and a PhD in Public Health (UBA). Andres is the Director of the Health Economics and Technology Assessment Department and the WHO/PAHO collaborating center in HTA
- [Edwine Barasa](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/edwine-barasa/)
- [Angela Kairu](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/angela-kairu/)
- [Adam Raymakers](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/adam-raymakers/)
- [Dr Tina Wang](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-tina-wang/) - Ting (Tina) Wang is Associate Director, HTA Programme and Strategic Partnerships at the Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science (CIRS). Tina leads CIRS’ work on HTA strategy and research as part of the CIRS mission to advance regulatory and HTA policies and processes. Tina's scope of responsibilities covers all aspects of HTA activities from concept
- [Yi Wang](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/yi-wang-phd/) - Dr. Yi Wang is an Assistant Professor at the Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore. He co-directs Medical Innovation Development and Assessment Support (MIDAS) research unit, focusing on early health technology assessment (early HTA). His research focuses on early HTA and health innovation development. He is currently developing theoretical frameworks
- [Chittawan Poonsiri](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/chittawan-poonsiri-pharm-d/) - Chittawan Poonsiri is a Senior Associate at the Research International Unit (RIU) at HITAP. She earned her degree from the International Program at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. After graduation, she served as a hospital pharmacist, specializing in oncology patient care. Currently, she is a Senior Associate at the Health Intervention
- [Manit Sittimart](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/manit-sittimart/) - Manit Sittimart is a Senior Associate at the HITAP International Unit (HIU) with a background in Biomedicine, where he explored a wide range of diseases at the cellular level. His postgraduate studies focused on managing chronic diseases and public health, particularly in behavior change, physical activity, and intervention development for disease prevention and health promotion.
- [Sarin KC](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sarin-kc/) - Sarin KC is the Head of the Environmental Economics Unit at the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. As a health economist, he has supported the institutionalisation of HTA in several countries including Bhutan, Ghana, and India. During the COVID-19 pandemic, his work focused on strengthening the use of
- [Bernarda Zamora](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bernarda-zamora/) - Bernarda’s areas of expertise include econometric modelling of health statistics at patient level and also international health statistics at country level. Prior to joining OHE in 2015, Bernarda has worked in Spanish and British academia and international organisations. She holds a PhD in Economics from the University Carlos III of Madrid and a Certificate in
- [Ramiro Gilardino](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ramiro-gilardino/)
- [Agnes Brandtmüller](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/agnes-brandtmuller/)
- [Melinda Goodall](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/melinda-goodall/)
- [Katherine Nelson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/katherine-nelson/)
- [Julie Van Bavel](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/julie-van-bavel/)
- [Dr. Jacoline Bouvy](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jacoline-bouvy/) - Dr. Jacoline Bouvy is the Programme Director of Medicines Evaluation at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). She is responsible for the delivery of medicines guidance produced by NICE’s Technology Appraisals and Highly Specialised Technologies work programmes. Prior to joining NICE, Jacoline worked at the European Medicines Agency as a National Expert
- [Andrew Davies](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-davies/) - Andrew is the Digital Health Lead and Executive Director of The Association of British HealthTech Industries (ABHI). As well as this, he is the Non-Executive Director of Biostealth and York Health Economics Consortium. Andrew is a health technology expert with strong knowledge of the digital health care industry.
- [Dr. Matthijs Versteegh](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-matthijs-versteegh/) - Dr Versteegh is the Founder and Co-Owner of Huygens & Versteegh, a company for health economic research. Prior to this, he was the Director of the Institute of Medical Technology Assessment in the Netherlands. Matthijs has also worked for Ecorys on projects for the European Commission, The World Health organisation (in Moldova and Kazakhstan) and
- [Alessandra Madoni](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alessandra-madoni/) - Alessandra Madoni is a Senior Director, Global Commercial Planning and Integration, AIR at Chiesi Farmaceutici. She is also Adjunct Professor at the University of Parma.​ Alessandra has extensive experience in Market Access and Pricing on a global scale, and was previously the Head of Global Pricing, Market Access and HEOR and Head of Global Market Access at Chiesi Group, where
- [Prof. John Cairns](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/prof-john-cairns/) - Professor John Cairns is a Professor of Health Economics at the London School of Hygiene and tropical Medicine. Professor Cairns has been a member of the NICE diagnostics advisory committee since 2020. He has previously been a member of the NIE technology appraisal committee, as well as the Scottish Medicines Consortium. He is currently a member of the
- [Prof. Elizabeth Robinson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/prof-elizabeth-robinson/) - Prof. Elizabeth Robinson is Director of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment. Professor Robinson has a background as an Environmental Economist with over 25 years of experience undertaking research, particularly in lower-income countries. She contributed to the Europe Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, presenting the ramifications of climate change. This report
- [Gunnar Schroefel](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gunnar-schroefel/)
- [Paul Genin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-genin/)
- [Francisco Fonseca Santos](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/francisco-fonseca-santos/)
- [Kyle Dunton](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/kyle-dunton/)
- [Kimberly Shea](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/kimberly-shea/)
- [Katharina Schley](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/katharina-schley/)
- [Apostolos Charos](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/apostolos-charos/)
- [Fernando Albuquerque de Almeida](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/fernando-albuquerque-de-almeida/)
- [Dilek Sernur Eminoğulları](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dilek-sernur-eminogullari/) - Dilek is a senior health policy expert who has held various positions including Deputy General Manager at the Social Security Institution of Türkiye. She holds a master’s degree in International Health Policy from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a master’s degree in Political Science and Public Administration from the Middle East
- [Professor Dr Hasan Hüseyin Yildirim](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/professor-dr-hasan-huseyin-yildirim/) - Professor Dr Hasan Hüseyin Yıldırım is a health policy expert with over 25 years of experience spanning academia, government advisory boards, and healthcare institutions. His expertise includes health systems analysis, policy formulation, health economics, and evidence-based reforms. Hasan is a Professor at the Health Sciences University Gulhane Faculty of Health Sciences in the Department of
- [Dr Tuba Saygın Avşar](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-tuba-saygin-avsar/) - Tuba is a health economist and science policy adviser. She currently works as a Scientific Adviser at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Tuba has over ten years of professional experience working in academia, the public sector, and international organisations. She has previously held positions at University College London, the University of
- [Jon Sussex](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jon-sussex-2/) - Jon’s areas of expertise include efficiency, competition, incentives and economic regulation in health care systems; the role of the private sector in publicly funded health care; the economic regulation of the pharmaceutical industry; and the economics of medical research. He leads many of the OHE’s projects in these areas. Jon is an Honorary Visiting Fellow
- [Athanassios Vozikis](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/athanassios-vozikis/) - Athanassios Vozikis is a Professor of Health Economics and Director at the Laboratory of Health Economics and Management at the University of Piraeus, Greece. He has served as a member of the National Council of Public Health and Chair of the Negotiation Committee of EOPYY (National Organisation of Health Services) in Greece. Also, he has
- [Anjeli Sharma](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anjeli-sharma/)
- [Nathalie Largeron](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nathalie-largeron/)
- [Rachel Allen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rachel-allen/)
- [Róbert Babeľa](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-babela/)
- [Caroline Bregman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/caroline-bregman/) - Caroline is a Principal Scientific adviser within the NICE scientific Advice and NICE International teams. She is involved in a range of scientific advice projects and parallel scientific advice procedures with other health technology assessment and regulatory agencies, as well as delivery of international engagements through educational seminars and international consultancy projects. Previously, Caroline worked
- [Pilar Pinilla-Dominguez](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/pinilla-dominguez/) - Pilar is the Associate Director of the NICE International team. She is responsible for the strategic objectives and direction of the NICE International services, oversees all the international services provided by the team and contributes to the delivery of different international engagements through workshops, educational seminars, and international consultancy projects. She has extensive experience in
- [Shalu Jain](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-shalu-jain/) - Dr. Shalu Jain is an international public health consultant with a special focus on complex social issues in the South Asian region. Before consulting freelance, she worked with the Department of Health Research (DHR), MOHFW, New Delhi, India as Scientist-C and played a key role in establishing Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn), a unit
- [Tanja Podkonjak](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/tanja-podkonjak/)
- [Bert Vrijhoef](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-vallejo-torres-copy-copy-2-copy/)
- [Iris Boot](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-vallejo-torres-copy-copy-2/)
- [Edward Oliver](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/edward-oliver/)
- [Laura Vallejo-Torres](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-vallejo-torres/) - Laura Vallejo-Torres is Associate Professor at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. She holds an MSc in Health Economics from the University of York and a Ph.D. in Health Economics from University College London. She has over 15 years of experience in applied health economics research, particularly in methodological aspects of economic
- [Victoria Jordan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/victoria-jordan/) - Victoria Jordan is Head of HTA and Market Access Policy at the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) which he joined in November 2017.
- [Jamie Munro](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jamie-munro/)
- [Patricia Danzon](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/patricia-danzon-2/) - Patricia Danzon is the Celia Moh Professor at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Professor Danzon received a B.A. from Oxford University, England, and a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Chicago. She has held faculty positions at Duke University and the University of Chicago. Professor Danzon is an internationally recognized expert in the
- [Hannah Schirrmacher](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/hannah-schirrmacher/)
- [Isobel Firth](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/isobel-firth/)
- [Rachel Silverman Bonnifield](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rachel-silverman-bonnifield/)
- [Sulayman Chowdhury](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/phill-oneill-copy-3-copy-copy-copy/)
- [Mike Paulden - 2022 Prize Finalist](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mike-paulden-2022-prize-finalist/) - Dr Mike Paulden, PhD, is an Associate Professor at the School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Canada. He is a health economist with expertise in the economic evaluation of medicines and other health technologies. His research on time preference and discounting has contributed towards guidelines used for economic evaluations in Canada and elsewhere. He
- [Lancelot Henry de Frahan - 2022 Prize Finalist](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lancelot-henry-de-frahan-2022-prize-finalist/) - Dr. Lancelot Henry de Frahan, PhD, post-doctoral researcher at the Economics department at the University of Chicago. His research specializes in price theory, labor economics and public finance with a specific focus on studying the effect of public policies on the distribution of well-being and their interaction with the functioning of labor markets. He is
- [James Zackheim - 2022 Prize Finalist](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/aidan-hollis-2022-prize-finalist-copy-copy/) - Dr. James Zackheim, PhD, Vice President – Head of Corporate Strategy and former Head of Patient Access & Pricing in UCB. He is responsible for providing leadership and strategic direction for all aspects ensuring delivery of the best possible solutions to patients living with severe diseases. Dr. Zackheim joined UCB in 2004 and oversaw medical
- [Mata Charokopou - 2022 Prize Finalist](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/aidan-hollis-2022-prize-winner-copy/) - Mata Charokopou, PharmD, MSc, Senior Director – Head of Global Payer Strategy & Health Economics in UCB. She is responsible for the development of evidence generation strategies, patient value strategy across portfolio and engagement with payers to ensure patient’s access to the right healthcare solutions. Charokopou has challenged the status quo of economic modelling practices
- [Aidan Hollis - 2022 Prize Winner](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/aidan-hollis-2022-prize-winner/) - Aidan Hollis is Professor of Economics at the University of Calgary, and President of Incentives for Global Health. Hollis studied at Cambridge University and the University of Toronto, where he obtained a PhD in economics. He has worked in the private sector and in government. His research focuses on innovation and competition in pharmaceutical markets,
- [Liz Fenwick](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/liz-fenwick/)
- [Mehmet Bulut](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mehmet-bulut-2/)
- [Maria Errea](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/maria-errea-2/)
- [Anupama Tantri](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anupama-tantri/)
- [Rachel Mitrovich](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rachel-mitrovich/)
- [Marina Rodes Sanchez](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/marina-rodes-sanchez/)
- [Julia Spencer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/julia-spencer/)
- [Isha Sharma](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/isha-sharma/)
- [Boris Rachev](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/boris-rachev/)
- [Jake Hitch](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jake-hitch/)
- [Mendel Grobler](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mendel-grobler/)
- [Maria Lowe](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/maria-lowe/)
- [Gayathri Kumar](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gayathri-kumar/)
- [Hayato Yamana](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/hayato-yamana/)
- [Hideo Yasunaga](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/hideo-yasunaga/)
- [Koonal Shah](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/koonal-shah-2/)
- [Peter Lindgren](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/peter-lindgren/)
- [Niklas Wallin-Bernhardsson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/niklas-wallin-bernhardsson/)
- [Oliver Rivero-Arias](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/oliver-rivero-arias/)
- [Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/juan-manuel-ramos-goni/)
- [Emma Dean](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/emma-dean/)
- [Celia S. Segal](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/celia-s-segal/)
- [Jon Sussex](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jon-sussex/)
- [Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/karla-hernandez-villafuerte-0/)
- [Francois Maignen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/francois-maignen/)
- [Paula Lorgelly](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paula-lorgelly/)
- [Yan Feng](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/yan-feng/)
- [Nancy Devlin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nancy-devlin/)
- [Duncan Sim](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/duncan-sim/)
- [Jack Pollard](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jack-pollard/)
- [Dr Steven Pearson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-steven-pearson/)
- [Charlotte Davies](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/charlotte-davies/) - Charlotte is a trained project manager specialising in learning and development. She has a broad range of experiences ranging from bespoke training programmes, commercial partnerships, marketing, branding, publishing, events, and PR. Charlotte is predominantly passionate about innovation and pushing the boundaries. Charlotte's recent projects include the development and launch of a new educational arm of
- [Peter Smith](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/peter-smith/)
- [Richard Sullivan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/richard-sullivan/)
- [Yvonne Summers](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/yvonne-summers/)
- [Brendan Shaw](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/brendan-shaw/)
- [Karla Hernandez - Villafuerte](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/karla-hernandez-villafuerte/)
- [Sir Geoffrey Owen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sir-geoffrey-owen/)
- [Bill Dreitlein](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bill-dreitlein-0/)
- [Mike Herdman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mike-herdman/)
- [Andrew Bateman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-bateman/)
- [Angus Deaton](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/angus-deaton/)
- [Anne Case](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anne-case/)
- [Jorge Mestre-Ferrandiz](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jorge-mestre-ferrandiz/)
- [Jae-A Park](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jae-park/)
- [Eui-Kyung Lee](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/eui-kyung-lee/)
- [Fraser Lewis](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/fraser-lewis/)
- [Cecile Praet](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/cecile-praet-0/)
- [Pierrick Rollet](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/pierrick-rollet-0/)
- [Andrew Walker](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-walker-0/)
- [Laura Housman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-housman-0/)
- [Lou Garrison](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lou-garrison/)
- [Krystallia Pantiri](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/krystallia-pantiri/)
- [David Grabowski](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-grabowski/)
- [Firat Yaman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/firat-yaman/)
- [Dame Sally C. Davies](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dame-sally-c-davies/)
- [Alastair Fischer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alastair-fischer/)
- [Robert Masterson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-masterson/)
- [Christopher Henshall](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/christopher-henshall/)
- [Catherine Lichten](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/catherine-lichten/)
- [Alex Pollitt](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alex-pollitt/)
- [Jamie Garside](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jamie-garside/)
- [Bas Janssen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bas-janssen/)
- [Brendan Mulhern](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/brendan-mulhern/)
- [Bill Dreitlein](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bill-dreitlein/)
- [Steven D Pearson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/steven-d-pearson/)
- [Nick Hicks](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nick-hicks/)
- [Ken Buckingham](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ken-buckingham-0/)
- [Margherita Neri](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/margherita-neri/)
- [Simrun Grewal](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/simrun-grewal/)
- [Aurea Duran](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/aurea-duran/)
- [Antonio Profico](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/antonio-profico/)
- [Nicola Amedeo Mazzanti](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nicola-amedeo-mazzanti/)
- [Nicholas Latimer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nicholas-latimer/)
- [Chris Henshall](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/chris-henshall/) - Dr Chris Henshall is an Honorary Professor at HERG. Chris has held various academic and senior management positions within the health research system and the higher education system within the UK. After securing a PhD in developmental psychology at the University of Cambridge in 1981 he held various academic posts. In 1988 he became a Principal
- [Lesley Cockcroft](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lesley-cockcroft-2/)
- [Lesley Cockcroft](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lesley-cockcroft/)
- [Milton Weinstein](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/milton-weinstein/)
- [Renato Dellamano](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/renato-dellamano/)
- [Juan Carlos Rejon-Parilla](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/juan-carlos-rejon-parilla/)
- [Stephen Birch](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/stephen-birch/)
- [Kalipso Chalkidou](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/kalipso-chalkidou/)
- [Ryan Li](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ryan-li/)
- [Marina-Selini Katsaiti](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/marina-selini-katsaiti/)
- [Iain Blair](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/iain-blair/)
- [Iffat Elbarazi](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/iffat-elbarazi/)
- [Manny Papadimitropoulos](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/manny-papadimitropoulos/)
- [Anne Mills](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anne-mills/)
- [Michele Pistollato](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michele-pistollato-2/)
- [Lisa Gold](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lisa-gold/)
- [Nick Goodwin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nick-goodwin/)
- [Louise Locock](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/louise-locock/)
- [J. N. Blau](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/j-n-blau/)
- [Mandy Wyles](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mandy-wyles/)
- [Justin Keen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/justin-keen/)
- [J. A. Roberts](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/j-roberts/)
- [N. Graves](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/n-graves/)
- [R. M. Plowman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/r-m-plowman/)
- [David Whynes](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-whynes/)
- [Darrin Baines](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/darrin-baines/)
- [Ray Cartwright](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ray-cartwright/)
- [Gareth Morgan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gareth-morgan/)
- [Keith Tolley](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/keith-tolley/)
- [Mildred Blaxter](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mildred-blaxter/)
- [Cynthia Roberts](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/cynthia-roberts/)
- [Sir Douglas Black](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sir-douglas-black/)
- [Alan Duncan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alan-duncan/)
- [David Hale](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-hale/)
- [William J. Baumol](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/william-j-baumol/)
- [David L. Sackett](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-l-sackett/)
- [Brian Rittenhouse](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/brian-rittenhouse/)
- [Rhiannon Tudor Edwards](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rhiannon-tudor-edwards/)
- [Uwe Reinhardt](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/uwe-reinhardt/)
- [Eleni Jelastopulu](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/eleni-jelastopulu/)
- [Hans-Helmut Konig](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/hans-helmut-konig/)
- [Robert Seitz](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-seitz/)
- [Karen Bloor](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/karen-bloor/)
- [Charles Webster](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/charles-webster/)
- [Peter West](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/peter-west/)
- [Donald W. Light](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/donald-w-light/)
- [Helen Simpson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/helen-simpson/)
- [Nick Marchant](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nick-marchant/)
- [Sarah Clow](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sarah-clow/)
- [Paul Williams](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-williams/)
- [David M. Eddy](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-m-eddy/)
- [Bronwyn Croxson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bronwyn-croxson/)
- [Jeremy Phillips](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jeremy-phillips/)
- [Shelley Lane](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/shelley-lane/)
- [Robert Royce](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-royce/)
- [Andrew Jenkins](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-jenkins/)
- [Paul Grout](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-grout/)
- [Li-Wei Chao](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/li-wei-chao/)
- [Gordon Moore](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gordon-moore/)
- [Katharine Johnston](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/katharine-johnston/)
- [Steven Casper](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/steven-casper/)
- [Martin Sculpher](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/martin-sculpher/)
- [Martin Gorsky](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/martin-gorsky/)
- [Adam Oliver](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/adam-oliver/)
- [Jeffrey Sachs](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jeffrey-sachs/)
- [John Mohan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/john-mohan/)
- [Jeong Kim](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jeong-kim/)
- [Robert Evans](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-evans/)
- [Julia Fox-Rushby](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/julia-fox-rushby/)
- [Jonathan Cooke](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jonathan-cooke/)
- [Hannah Kettler](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/hannah-kettler/)
- [Michael Kuhn](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michael-kuhn/)
- [Jonathan Silcock](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jonathan-silcock/)
- [Meena Seshamani](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/meena-seshamani/)
- [Rowena Pennycate](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rowena-pennycate/)
- [Darshan Patel](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/darshan-patel/)
- [Alan Williams](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alan-williams/)
- [Ray Robinson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ray-robinson/)
- [Richard West](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/richard-west/)
- [Jane Griffin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jane-griffin/)
- [Mike Hall](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mike-hall/)
- [Andrew Briggs](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-briggs/)
- [Martin Cave](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/martin-cave/)
- [Frans van Andel](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/frans-van-andel/)
- [Stephen Earwicker](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/stephen-earwicker/)
- [Neil Rickman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/neil-rickman/)
- [Rodrigo Salinas](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rodrigo-salinas/)
- [Jean Taylor](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jean-taylor/)
- [Christopher C. Booth](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/christopher-c-booth/)
- [Sarah Dale](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sarah-dale/)
- [Yinong Shao](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/yinong-shao/)
- [Gillian Capewell](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gillian-capewell/)
- [Gillian Holland](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gillian-holland/)
- [Robert Chew](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/robert-chew/)
- [Bernie O'Brien](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bernie-obrien/)
- [Arnold Worlock](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/arnold-worlock/)
- [Klaus M. Leisinger](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/klaus-m-leisinger/)
- [Keith Hartley](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/keith-hartley/)
- [John Vaizey](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/john-vaizey/)
- [W. Duncan Reekie](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/w-duncan-reekie/)
- [Tina Scoones](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/tina-scoones/)
- [Rhys Williams](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rhys-williams/)
- [William Laing](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/william-laing/)
- [Klaus von Grebmer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/klaus-von-grebmer/)
- [Nick Wells](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nick-wells/)
- [David Taylor](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-taylor/)
- [A. W. Asscher](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/w-asscher/)
- [G. S. Kilpatrick](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/g-s-kilpatrick/)
- [C. M. Fletcher](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/c-m-fletcher/)
- [A. L. Cochrane](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/l-cochrane/)
- [M. F. Oliver](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/m-f-oliver/)
- [K. Rawnsley](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/k-rawnsley/)
- [O. A. N. Husain](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/o-n-husain/)
- [John McKenzie](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/john-mckenzie/)
- [Dr John Fry](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dr-john-fry/)
- [P. A. Graham](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/p-graham/)
- [W. W. Holland](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/w-w-holland/)
- [Patricia M. Elliott](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/patricia-m-elliott/)
- [Margot Jefferys](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/margot-jefferys/)
- [Michael Lee](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michael-lee/)
- [George Teeling Smith](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/george-teeling-smith/)
- [Andrew Street](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-street/)
- [Andrew McCulloch](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-mcculloch/)
- [Lucy Leon](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lucy-leon/)
- [Tara St. John](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/tara-st-john/)
- [Christopher Murray](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/christopher-murray/)
- [Richard Peto](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/richard-peto/)
- [Kenneth Arrow](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/kenneth-arrow/)
- [Ed Godber](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ed-godber/)
- [Clive Pritchard](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/clive-pritchard/)
- [Paul Fenn](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-fenn/)
- [Alastair Gray](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alastair-gray/)
- [Jean Stephenne](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jean-stephenne/)
- [Andrew Jones](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-jones/)
- [Daniel Kahneman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/daniel-kahneman/)
- [Lyndsay Mountford](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/lyndsay-mountford/)
- [Diane Dawson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/diane-dawson/)
- [James T. Cross](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/james-t-cross/)
- [Deven Chauhan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/deven-chauhan/)
- [Frans Rutten](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/frans-rutten/)
- [Peter J. Neumann](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/peter-j-neumann/)
- [Anthony Culyer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anthony-culyer/)
- [Niklas Zethraeus](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/niklas-zethraeus/)
- [Magnus Johannesson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/magnus-johannesson/)
- [Bengt Jonsson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/bengt-jonsson/)
- [Linus Jonsson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/linus-jonsson/)
- [Anthony Atkinson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anthony-atkinson/)
- [Alan M. Garber](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alan-m-garber/)
- [Michael F. Drummond](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michael-f-drummond/)
- [Qing Wang](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/qing-wang/)
- [Anne R. Mason](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/anne-r-mason/)
- [Jim Butler](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jim-butler/)
- [Ben Martin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ben-martin/)
- [Ben van Hout](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ben-van-hout/)
- [Grahame Wilkinson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/grahame-wilkinson/)
- [Carl Tilling](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/carl-tilling/)
- [Ken Buckingham](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ken-buckingham/)
- [Henry G. Grabowski](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/henry-g-grabowski/)
- [Patricia Danzon](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/patricia-danzon/)
- [Mandy Ryan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/mandy-ryan/)
- [Ebenezer Teeteh](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ebenezer-teeteh/)
- [Verity Watson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/verity-watson/)
- [John Appleby](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/john-appleby/)
- [Cecile Praet](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/cecile-praet/)
- [Sir Mike Richards](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/sir-mike-richards/)
- [Peter Yuen](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/peter-yuen/)
- [Rick Greville](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/rick-greville/)
- [Paul Dolan](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-dolan/)
- [Cam Donaldson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/cam-donaldson/)
- [Matt Sutton](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/matt-sutton/)
- [Shelley Farrar](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/shelley-farrar/)
- [Ada May](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ada-may/)
- [Diego Ossa](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/diego-ossa/)
- [Laura Housman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/laura-housman/)
- [Arik Mordoh](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/arik-mordoh/)
- [Massimo Riccaboni](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/massimo-riccaboni/)
- [Ulf Persson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ulf-persson/)
- [Karl Claxton](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/karl-claxton/)
- [Richard Cookson](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/richard-cookson/)
- [Allan Wailoo](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/allan-wailoo/)
- [Arne Risa Hole](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/arne-risa-hole/)
- [Aki Tsuchiya](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/aki-tsuchiya/)
- [Adam Hutchings](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/adam-hutchings/)
- [Alastair Kent](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alastair-kent/)
- [Claude Schmitt](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/claude-schmitt/)
- [Pierrick Rollet](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/pierrick-rollet/)
- [Priya Sharma](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/priya-sharma/)
- [Michael Rawlins](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michael-rawlins/)
- [Nancy Mattison](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nancy-mattison/)
- [Jane de Vries](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/jane-de-vries/)
- [Gisela Kobelt](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/gisela-kobelt/)
- [Emma Hawe](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/emma-hawe/)
- [Nigel Rice](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nigel-rice/)
- [Helen Dakin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/helen-dakin/)
- [Paul Barnsley](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/paul-barnsley/)
- [Andrew Walker](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/andrew-walker/)
- [Ruth Puig-Peiro](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/ruth-puig-peiro/)
- [Alan Maynard](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/alan-maynard/)
- [James Chambers](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/james-chambers/)
- [Patricia Deverka](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/patricia-deverka/)
- [Emily Rosenberg](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/emily-rosenberg/)
- [Joseph P Cook](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/joseph-p-cook/)
- [Dyfrig Hughes](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/dyfrig-hughes/)
- [David Parkin](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/david-parkin/)
- [Tamy-Amm Sharp](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/tamy-amm-sharp/)
- [Chris Farrell](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/chris-farrell/)
- [Abigail Mawer](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/abigail-mawer/)
- [C Pateman](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/c-pateman/)
- [Frederique Lang](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/frederique-lang/)
- [John Hutton](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/john-hutton/)
- [Philippa Crane](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/philippa-crane/)
- [Nicola Grassano](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/nicola-grassano/)
- [Michael Hopkins](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/michael-hopkins/)
- [Daniele Rotolo](https://www.ohe.org/external_stakeholder/daniele-rotolo/)

## Internal Stakeholders

- [Hannah Hussain](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/hannah-hussain/) - Hannah Hussain holds an MPharm degree from the University of Nottingham and an MSc in Health Economics and Health Policy from the University of Birmingham. As a registered pharmacist with the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC), she has prior experience working in NHS primary care settings. Before joining OHE, Hannah worked as a research associate at
- [George Bray](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/george-bray/)
- [Stuart Carroll](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/stuart-carroll/) - Stuart Carroll is a senior health economist and epidemiologist with over 22 years of experience, specialising in infectious diseases and vaccines, market access, health technology appraisal, public health, and public affairs and government policy. He has his own expert consultancy business, Stuart Carroll Healthcare Consulting Ltd, and a joint enterprise with Professor Sir Jonathan Van Tam,
- [Grainne Cremin](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/grainne-cremin/) - Grainne Cremin, Graduate Economist at OHE, focuses on mental health economics and HTA, with a background in public health and oncology research.
- [Bradley Barker‑Jones](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/bradley-barker-jones/) - Bradley Barker‑Jones, Graduate Economist at OHE, focuses on health economics, economic evaluation methods and HRQoL research in primary care and dementia.
- [Franz Pichler](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/franz-pichler/) - Franz Pichler, PhD, is Principal and Founder of Confluence Health Consulting, a firm that specializes in pharmaceutical external affairs. Franz received his PhD in Genetics from the University of Auckland and worked for 10 years in applied functional genomics before transitioning to pharmaceutical policy. He established the HTA programme at the Centre of Innovation in
- [Bruce Hollingsworth](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/bruce-hollingsworth/) - I am Professor of Health Economics and am Director of the Health Economics at Lancaster group. I am a Founding Fellow of the Royal Economic Society. Research and international collaborative publications are principally in the area of efficiency measurement with respect to the production of health and health care, social determinants of health, and the translation of
- [Martin L. Lee](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/martin-l-lee/) - Martin L. Lee has spent more than 45 years in the pharmaceutical, medical device, biotech and nutraceutical industries. In those years he has been head of clinical research, regulatory affairs, quality control and biostatistics. He has reached levels of Director, Vice President and Senior Vice President. During his tenure he has overseen landmark achievements in
- [Adrian Towse](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/adrian-towse/) - Adrian Towse is a Senior Visiting Fellow at OHE, specialising in value-based pricing, pharmaceutical innovation, vaccines, and incentives for antimicrobial resistance.
- [Julia Toth](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/julia-toth/) - Julia Toth leads digital marketing at OHE, managing social media, email, SEO, events, and the website to share health economics research.
- [SooChin Yen](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/soochin-yen/) - SooChin Yen is an OHE Fellow and pharmacist, specialising in economic evaluation, healthcare innovation, and improving patient access to medicines.
- [Ellie Tunnicliffe](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/ellie-tunnicliffe/) - Ellie Tunnicliffe, Economist at OHE, specialising in economic evaluation, health economics, economic modelling, and supporting healthcare decision-making.
- [Megan Skingle](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/megan-skingle/) - Megan Skingle is Team PA and Project Coordinator at OHE, specialising in executive support, project coordination, process improvement, and departmental communication.
- [Helen Hayes](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/helen-hayes/) - Helen Hayes is an Associate Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in applied econometrics, healthcare policy evaluation, NHS payment systems, waiting times.
- [Matthias Hofer](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/matthias-hofer/) - Matthias Hofer is Senior Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, pharmaceutical markets, innovation, policy impact, and societal value of health technologies.
- [Hania El Banhawi](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/hania-el-banhawi/) - Hania El Banhawi is an Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, public health research, malnutrition, and global health policy.
- [Claud Theakston](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/claud-theakston/) - Claud Theakston is a health economist at OHE focusing on measuring and valuing health, patient and carer preferences, and the role of evidence in healthcare decision-making.
- [Amanda Cole](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/amanda-cole/) - Amanda Cole is a health economist and Director at OHE, specialising in innovation, reimbursement, real-world evidence, HTA policy, and incentives for drug development.
- [Grace Hampson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/grace-hampson/) - Grace Hampson is Director at OHE, specialising in value assessment, pricing and reimbursement, AMR-targeting drugs, innovative technologies and sustainability.
- [Phill O’Neill](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/phill-oneill/) - Phill O’Neill is a research analyst at OHE specialising in pharmaceutical market economics, NICE productivity, and benchmarking industry and policy performance.
- [Claire Green](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/claire-green/) - Claire Green is Personal Assistant to the CEO at OHE, specialising in recruitment, stakeholder relations, client service, and compliance management.
- [Martina Garau](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/martina-garau/) - Martina Garau is a Director at OHE, specialising in HTA, value assessment, orphan medicines, innovative therapies, and healthcare decision-making.
- [Mikel Berdud](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/mikel-berdud/) - Mikel Berdud is Senior Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in pharmaceutical R&D incentives, pricing, reimbursement, and the social value of innovation.
- [Patricia Cubi-Molla](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/patricia-cubi-molla/) - Patricia Cubi-Molla is Senior Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, value assessment, HTA, and patient-reported outcomes.
- [Chris Sampson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/chris-sampson/) - Chris Sampson is Senior Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in economic evaluation, QALYs, and the value of mental health and healthcare interventions.
- [Graham Cookson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/graham-cookson/) - Graham Cookson is CEO at OHE and an econometrician by training, focusing on health system efficiency, policy evaluation, and pharmaceutical markets.
- [Mireia Jofre-Bonet](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/mireia-jofre-bonet/) - Mireia Jofre-Bonet is Chief Research Officer at OHE, specialising in health economics, global health, economic evaluation, and sustainable healthcare policy.
- [Lotte Steuten](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/lotte-steuten/) - Lotte Steuten is Deputy Chief Executive at OHE, specialising in health economics, HTA, decision modelling, market access, and health innovation.
- [Simon Brassel](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/simon-brassel/) - Simon Brassel is Associate Director at OHE, specialising in health economics, vaccines, antimicrobials, gene therapies, and digital health technologies.
- [Chris Skedgel](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/chris-skedgel/) - Chris Skedgel is Director at OHE, specialising in health economics, cost-effectiveness, patient preferences, and maximising value in healthcare.
- [David Mott](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/david-mott/) - David Mott is Associate Director at OHE, specialising in health outcome measurement, PROs, QALYs, societal preferences, and HTA valuation.
- [Nadine Henderson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/nadine-henderson/) - Nadine Henderson is Principal Economist at OHE, focusing on HTA, rare and innovative therapies, health outcome measurement, and sustainable health policy.
- [Priscila Radu](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/priscila-radu/) - Priscila Radu is Senior Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, HTA, precision oncology, digital health, and public fund efficiency in LMICs.
- [Sian Hodgson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/sian-hodgson/) - Sian Hodgson is Associate Principal Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, vaccines, innovative funding, and market access for novel technologies.
- [Charlotte Ashton-Khan](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/charlotte-ashton-khan/) - Charlotte Ashton-Khan is the Director of External Affairs at OHE, focusing on health and development, strategic partnerships, and global health impact.
- [Matthew Napier](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/mathew-napier/) - Matthew Napier is a Senior Economist at OHE, specialising in economic evaluation, health policy, medicine shortages, and ATMPs.
- [Paul Oyalo](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/paul-oyalo/) - Paul Oyalo is an Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, rare diseases, cost-effectiveness modelling, and access to cancer therapies.
- [Henry Fong](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/henry-fong/) - Henry Fong is a Graduate Economist at OHE, specialising in health economics, pharmaceutical innovation, HTA decision-making, and digital health evaluation.
- [Brittany Darrow](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/brittany-darrow/) - Brittany Darrow is an Economist at OHE, focusing on health economics, rare diseases, pricing, payment models, and innovation in healthcare.
- [Lishani Ramanayake](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/lishani-ramanayake/) - Lishani Ramanayake is a Media and PR Officer at OHE, experienced in communications, media relations, and education policy in the UK and Singapore.
- [Kelsey Moore](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/kelsey-moore/) - Kelsey Moore is an External Engagement Officer at OHE, specialising in health equity, public health initiatives, stakeholder engagement, and project management.
- [Shaheer Hassan](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/shaheer-hassan/) - Shaheer Hassan is an Economist at OHE specialising in health economics, HTA access, market access strategy, and economic modelling for innovative therapies.
- [Libby Tungate](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/libby-tungate/) - Libby Tungate is a Fellow at OHE focusing on health economics, mental healthcare evaluation, and alternatives to standard quality-of-life measures.
- [Angus Macfarlane](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/angus-macfarlane/) - Angus Macfarlane is a Graduate Economist at OHE specialising in health economics, infectious disease interventions, and the value of innovative health technologies.
- [Kiran Bhatti](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/kiran-bhatti/) - Kiran Bhatti is a Business Executive at OHE, specialising in finance, strategic operations, budgeting, and cost-saving analysis.
- [Louis Zanden](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/louis-zanden/) - Louis Zanden is a Graduate Economist at OHE with interests in health economics, NHS inequalities, and the wellbeing impacts of urban infrastructure.
- [Victoria Jordan](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/victoria-jordan/) - Vic has worked in market access roles for nearly 15 years, starting her career at a specialist market access consultancy before moving to a pharmaceutical company and then the ABPI. At the ABPI, Vic leads on access related policy strategy and the delivery of a work programme that seeks to ensure new medicines are made
- [Neil Grubert](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/neil-grubert/) - Neil Grubert has more than 25 years’ experience in market access and policy. He spearheaded the development of Decision Resources Group’s international market access business, most recently as Vice President of Global Market Access Insights. Since 2014, he has been working as an independent global market access consultant, trainer, and writer. He is a leading
- [Sukanya Subramaniyan](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/sukanya-subramaniyan/) - Sukanya joined OHE in August 2024 and is an economist by training. Sukanya has previously worked in medical consulting, where she developed economic models for submission to Health Technology Assessment (HTA) bodies and conducted research on HTA methods across countries and indications. Prior to this, she completed an MPhil in Population Health Sciences with a
- [Aisha Aidarous](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/aisha-aidarous/) - Aisha joined OHE in September 2025 as a Fellow. She holds a BSc in Biomedical Science from the University of Southampton and is currently completing a MSc in Economic Evaluation in Healthcare at City St George’s, University of London. She previously worked as a placement student in the pharmaceutical industry, gaining experience in real-world evidence
- [Thomas Hamlyn](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/thomas-hamlyn/) - Thomas Hamlyn is an Economist at OHE with expertise in health economics, rare diseases, value-based pricing, and public policy.
- [Anita Charlesworth](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/anita-charlesworth/) - Anita Charlesworth is co-chair of the Health Foundation’s Commission on NHS productivity and acting chair of North-West London NHS Integrated Care Board. Anita is a council member of the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), a member of DWP’s Labour Market Advisory Board, the Health and Social Care Select Committee’s expert panel and the Office
- [Tim Watson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/tim-watson/)
- [Fred McElwee](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/fred-mcelwee/)
- [Pedro Pita Barros](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/pedro-pita-barros-2/) - Pedro Pita Barros is the BPI | Fundação “la Caixa” Professor of Health Economics at Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He holds a PhD in Economics and his research career in health economics has a focus on healthcare systems, competition and economic regulation. His research has been widely disseminated in
- [Pedro Pita Barros](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/pedro-pita-barros/) - Pedro Pita Barros is the BPI | Fundação “la Caixa” Professor of Health Economics at Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. He holds a PhD in Economics and his research career in health economics has a focus on healthcare systems, competition and economic regulation. His research has been widely disseminated in
- [Rosanna Tarricone](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/rosanna-tarricone/) - Professor Rosanna Tarricone is Associate Dean at SDA Bocconi School of Management and Associate Professor in Health Policy at Bocconi University, Department of Social and Political Science, Milan.Her research focuses on health technology assessment (HTA), health policy, and the economic evaluation of health technologies, with particular interest in sustainability, access, and innovation in healthcare systems.
- [Neil McAuslane](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/neil-mcauslane/) - Neil McAuslane PhD, MSc, BSc. Scientific Director of the Centre for Innovation in Regulatory Science (CIRS) overseeing the scientific content of both CIRS regulatory and HTA programmes. Key research areas of work include regulatory strategy and strengthening, building quality into regulatory processes, the utilization of decision frameworks and the development of multistakeholder workshops which bring
- [Meindert Boysen](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/meindert-boysen/) - Meindert is a highly respected expert in the field of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) with more than 25 years’ experience in the field. Before starting as an independent advisor, Meindert was director of the health technology evaluation programmes at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and deputy Chief Executive Officer. In his
- [Andrew Briggs](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/professor-andrew-briggs/) - Andrew is a leading expert in health economic evaluation, with a particular focus on statistical methods for cost-effectiveness analysis. His work encompasses parameter estimation for economic models, cost-effectiveness analyses within clinical trials, and exploring heterogeneity in health outcomes using advanced prognostic scoring methods. In recent years, Andrew has broadened his research scope to explore environmental
- [Thomas Pogge](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/thomas-pogge/) - Having received his PhD in philosophy from Harvard, Thomas Pogge is Leitner Professor of Philosophy and International Affairs and founding Director of the Yale Global Justice Program. Pogge is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science as well as co-founder of Academics Stand Against Poverty (ASAP), an international network aiming to enhance the impact
- [Antonella Cardone](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/antonella-cardone/)
- [Stan Jackson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/stan-jackson/)
- [Claudio Jommi](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/claudio-jommi/)
- [Carole Longson](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/carole-longson/)
- [Dr. Sabine Vogler](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/dr-sabine-vogler/) - Mag. Dr. Sabine Vogler, Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, is head of the Pharmacoeconomics Department of the Austrian National Public Health Institute. She is also affiliated to the Department of Health Care Management of the Technische Universität Berlin (Germany). In 2017, she was a Visiting Fellow at the
- [Dr. Inmaculada Hernandez](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/dr-inmaculada-hernandez/) - Dr. Inmaculada (Inma) Hernandez is a Professor at the University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Dr. Hernandez is a pharmacist and a scholar whose research focuses on improving medication use, outcomes, and equity in access. She has made major contributions to improving transparency in the drug reimbursement system. Dr.
- [Dr. Seán Byrne](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/sean-byrne/) - Dr Seán Byrne is Senior Manager, Legal & Regulatory Affairs for the European Confederation of Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs (EUCOPE). Seán represents EUCOPE members at relevant European Medicines Agency and EU institutional fora. He coordinates membership engagement through the Regulatory Working Group and several topic-specific focus groups, as well as in inter-trade association settings. His role involves
- [Hazel Walsh](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/hazel-walsh/) - Hazel Walsh manages the Centre for Sustainable Healthcare's Sustainability in Quality Improvement and Specialties programmes, which strive to maximise sustainable value in healthcare delivery. These programmes engage those in the front line of patient care, promoting the concept of sustainable clinical practice and building a body of evidence for how it can be implemented. As
- [Tsvetelina Mueller](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/tsvetelina-mueller/) - Tsvetelina Mueller (Lina) is a dynamic and forward-thinking leader dedicated to driving positive social change through collaboration. With 15 years of extensive global experience in cross-functional leadership, commercial management, and business transformation, Lina has lived and worked in 11 diverse countries, bringing a unique perspective to her work. As a catalyst for progress, she is
- [Thomas Allvin](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/6129/) - Thomas Allvin is Executive Director for Strategy and Healthcare Systems at the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA), where his responsibilities include overall strategic coordination, support to the EFPIA Board and Executive Committee and leading EFPIA’s work on policies for more sustainable, value-based and patient-centric health systems, including patient and stakeholder relations. Before
- [Dr. Cheong Wei Yang](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/dr-cheong-wei-yang/) - As Vice Provost (Strategic Research Partnerships) at SMU, Dr Cheong develops multi-disciplinary, strategic research partnerships with government and industry, to advance the international standing of SMU’s research in areas of global impact. Prior to SMU, as Deputy Secretary (Technology) at MOH, Dr Cheong deployed technology against COVID-19, and architected the health research, innovation and digital-IT-data
- [Katherine Payne](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/katherine-payne/) - Katherine was awarded a personal chair in health economics at The University of Manchester in August 2010. Katherine’s interest in the economics of precision medicine and genomics technologies and services started when she worked as the health economist for the North West Genetics Knowledge Park (Nowgen) between 2003 and 2007. In September 2007, Katherine was awarded
- [Tom Easterling](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/tom-easterling/) - Tom has over 30 years experience in NHS management, where he worked at local, regional and national level. His most recent role was at NHS England, where he was Chief of Staff for the Chair and Chief Executive from 2013-2019. Earlier in his career he was Chief Executive of a Primary Care Trust in London.
- [Dr Koonal Shah](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/dr-koonal-shah/) - Koonal is an associate director in the Science Policy and Research team at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. His project portfolio includes overseeing the NICE Listens deliberative public engagement programme, helping to establish a new process for making modular updates to NICE’s manuals, and leading NICE’s efforts to reduce the environmental impact
- [Nancy Devlin](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/nancy-devlin/) - Nancy's principal areas of research expertise are the measurement and valuation of patient reported health outcomes; the cost-effectiveness thresholds used in making judgements about value for money in health care; the use of MCDA in health care decision making; priority setting in health care; and measuring the production, performance and efficiency of hospitals. She has
- [Alastair Fischer](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/alastair-fischer/) - Alastair Fischer Ph.D. has had a long career in statistics, economics and public health. He has a BSc from the University of Adelaide majoring in Pure Mathematica and Statistics, a BEc from the Australian National University and a PhD from the University of Adelaide. He spent 5 years designing and maintaining sample surveys at the
- [Lou Garrison](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/lou-garrison/) - Lou Garrison, PhD, is Professor in the Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program in the School of Pharmacy, and Adjunct Professor in the Departments of Global Health and Health Services at the University of Washington. Dr. Garrison received a BA in Economics from Indiana University, and a PhD in Economics from Stanford University. He has
- [Christopher Henshall](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/christopher-henshall/) - Christopher Henshall Ph.D. has worked in universities, research funding bodies and the UK Civil Service, including positions at the UK Medical Research Council, the Department of Health and the NHS in England (where as Under Secretary he was involved in establishing the NHS R&D Budget, the NHS HTA Programme and the National Institute for Health
- [David Parkin](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/david-parkin/) - David Parkin is Honorary Visiting Professor in the Economics Department at City, University of London. He is an economist who has specialised in health and health care for his entire career, starting with a DPhil at the University of York. His most recent appointment was as Professor of Health Economics in the Division of Health
- [Victoria Serra-Sastre](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/victoria-serra-sastre/) - Victoria holds a PhD in Health Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). She is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Economics, City, University of London, where she is the director of the City Health Economics Centre (CHEC) and programme Director of the MSc Health Economics and MSc Economic Evaluation
- [Oriol de Solà-Morales](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/oriol-de-sola-morales/) - Oriol has built a career in the planning, policy and decision-making environment, participating not just in the micro management, but also being deeply involved on the meso and macro policy areas. Oriol has held managing positions in healthcare planning and hospital management, and has been CAHTA’s (Regional HTA) Director from 2007 to 2011. Oriol has
- [Julie Ratcliffe](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/julie-ratcliffe/)
- [Peter Zweifel](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/peter-zweifel/)
- [John Brazier](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/john-brazier/)
- [Richard Norman](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/richard-norman/)
- [Nicholas Mays](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/nicholas-mays/)
- [Hugh Gravelle](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/hugh-garavelle/) - Hugh Gravelle - Centre for Health Economics, University of York
- [Luigi Siciliani](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/luigi-siciliani/) - Luigi Siciliani is a Professor of Health Economics at the Department of Economics and Related Studies at the University of York, where he directs the MSc in Health Economics. He is currently an Editor of the Journal of Health Economics. He was chair (2020-22) and co-chair (2017-19) of the Kenneth Arrow Award Committee for best
- [Patrick Holmes](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/patrick-holmes/) - Patrick Holmes is an industry veteran with over 30 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry in a broad range of roles, most notably in the global policy arena. Patrick is the Science and Innovation Policy Lead at Pfizer based in New York and heads a team responsible for developing global health policy initiatives and
- [Richard Torbett](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/richard-torbett/) - Dr Richard Torbett joined ABPI in July 2015 and previously held the role of Executive Director of Economic, Health and Commercial Policy. In this role, Richard was responsible for pricing policy (including the Voluntary Scheme for Medicine Policy and Access -VPAS); Health Technology Assessment as well as the organisation's partnership activities with the NHS throughout
- [Werner Brouwer](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/werner-brouwer/) - Professor Werner Brouwer is a Professor of Health Economics and the Dean of the Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM) of the Erasmus University Rotterdam. His research focuses on the methodology of welfare economic evaluations in health care covering topics like optimal decision rules, normative foundations of economic evaluations in health, measurement and valuation
- [Daniel Ollendorf](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/daniel-ollendorf/) - Dan Ollendorf is Chief Scientific Officer and Director of HTA Methods and Engagement at the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). An internationally recognized expert in health technology assessment (HTA), Dan’s research interests include expanding the use of HTA and economic evaluation in low- and middle-income settings (particularly rapidly-growing economies), as well as refinement
- [Siva Anandaciva](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/siva-anandaciva/) - Siva is chief analyst in the policy team, leading on projects covering NHS funding, finances, productivity and performance. Before joining the Fund in 2017, Siva was head of analysis at NHS Providers – the membership body for NHS trusts and foundation trusts – where he led a team focused on NHS finances, workforce and informatics.
- [Elliot Dunster](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/elliot-dunster/)
- [Margaret Kyle](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/margaret-kyle/) - Margaret Kyle (PhD, MIT Economics) studies innovation, productivity and competition. She has a number of papers examining R&D productivity in the pharmaceutical industry, specifically the role of geographic and academic spillovers; the firm-specific and policy determinants of the diffusion of new products; generic competition; and the use of markets for technology. Recent work examines the
- [Donna Rowen](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/donna-rowen/) - Donna is Professor of Health Economics at the School of Health and Related Research at the University of Sheffield. Read more at: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/scharr/people/staff/donna-rowen
- [Tony Culyer](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/tony-culyer/) - Anthony (Tony) Culyer, CBE, BA, Hon DEcon, Hon FRCP, FRSA, FMedSci, is a professor emeritus in the Department. He has spent his career since 1969 at York. He is also a senior research fellow at the Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation in the University of Toronto (Canada) and a visiting professor at Imperial
- [Mike Drummond](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/mike-drummond/) - Michael Drummond is Professor Emeritus and former Director of the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York in the United Kingdom. His main field of interest is in the economic evaluation of health care treatments and programmes. He has undertaken evaluations in a wide range of medical fields including care of the elderly,
- [Hareth Al-Janabi](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/hareth-al-janabi/) - Hareth is a Professor of health economics at the Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham. He holds a Wellcome Trust Investigator Award (2020-2024) to research investments in mental health promotion in schools and workplaces. Hareth’s research interests include the measurement of wellbeing and preferences, the role of family (informal) care in the economic
- [Dimitrios Kourouklis](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/dimitrios-kourouklis/) - Dimitrios is an economist and his research interests lie in the fields of the economics of innovation and specifically on the economics of pharmaceutical markets and R&D. In addition, he is interested in topics at the intersection of health and applied economics. His research has been published in journals such as Industry and Innovation, Applied
- [Eleanor Bell](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/eleanor-bell/) - Eleanor is an economist specialising in the modelling and evaluation of healthcare interventions for infectious diseases.She works at the UK Health Security Agency, where she leads the agency's economic analysis and policy development for sexually transmitted and blood borne diseases. Her current research agenda focuses on estimating the return on investment to sexual and reproductive
- [Martin Chalkley](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/martin-chalkley/) - https://www.york.ac.uk/che/staff/research/martin-chalkley/
- [Carol Propper](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/carol-propper/)
- [Martin Buxton](https://www.ohe.org/internal_stakeholder/martin-buxton/) - Find out more here: Professor Martin Buxton | Research | Brunel University London

## Podcasts

- [Cost-effectiveness thresholds: theory, pragmatism, and NICE's new number](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/cost-effectiveness-thresholds-theory-pragmatism-and-nices-new-number/) - NICE raised its cost-effectiveness threshold for the first time in 20 years. OHE economists unpack what changed, why it matters, and what comes next.
- [What is your health worth? PROMs, EQ-5D & economic evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/what-is-your-health-worth-proms-eq-5d-economic-evaluation/) - How do health economists measure and value health? Hannah Hussain and David Mott discuss PROMs, EQ-5D-5L, dementia research, and why health measurement matters for decision-making.
- [AI and the future of health economics](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/ai-and-the-future-of-health-economics/) - AI is transforming health economics. Tim Reason and Dalia Dawoud discuss opportunities, risks, HTA applications, workforce impacts, and policy.
- [When antibiotics stop working: the hidden crisis in plain sight](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/when-antibiotics-stop-working-the-hidden-crisis-in-plain-sight/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat. Lotte Steuten and David McKinney discuss antibiotics innovation, diagnostics, incentives, and policy solutions.
- [Can joint clinical assessment speed up access to medicines?](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/can-joint-clinical-assessment-speed-up-access-to-medicines/) - One year on, we assess whether the EU Joint Clinical Assessment (JCA) is speeding up access to medicines and what it means for EU health policy.
- [Should HTA look beyond the healthcare system?](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/should-hta-look-beyond-the-healthcare-system/) - Should HTA include societal value? Chris Skedgel discusses patient, carer and system perspectives in health technology assessment.
- [Welcome to A Dose of Economics](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/welcome-to-a-dose-of-economics/) - Welcome to A Dose of Economics, OHE’s new podcast hosted by Grace Hampson, covering HTA, AI, rare diseases, drug pricing, prevention, and the future of healthcare.
- [Most Favored Nation pricing: what it means for policy, patients and pharma ](https://www.ohe.org/podcasts/most-favored-nation-pricing/) - Most Favored Nation (MFN) US drug pricing explained in OHE’s A Dose of Economics podcast on pharma pricing, market access, patient impact and global innovation

## Publications

- [Addressing the systemic challenges of underinvestment in prevention](https://www.ohe.org/publications/addressing-the-systemic-challenges-of-underinvestment-in-prevention/) - Why is prevention consistently underfunded? Learn about the systemic barriers, funding solutions, and reforms needed to support investment in prevention.
- [The impact of inflation on incremental costs in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-impact-of-inflation-on-incremental-costs-in-hta/) - How inflation in NHS healthcare costs can make new treatments appear less cost-effective over time, despite fixed prices and static HTA thresholds.
- [Evaluating novel antimicrobials within EU joint clinical assessments ](https://www.ohe.org/publications/evaluating-novel-antimicrobials-within-eu-joint-clinical-assessments/) - EU Joint Clinical Assessment must adapt to capture antimicrobials' full health benefits and support Europe's fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
- [Altering the trajectory of HIV in Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/altering-the-trajectory-of-hiv-in-europe/) - Despite medical advances making HIV manageable, the epidemic remains a significant public health concern across Europe.
- [The value of fast diagnostics in time-critical infections](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-value-of-fast-diagnostics-in-time-critical-infections/) - Fast diagnostics for time-critical bloodstream infections and sepsis cut costs and save lives. Economic analysis across 7 major health systems.
- [The burden of LDL-cholesterol-driven atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-burden-of-ldl-cholesterol-driven-atherosclerotic-cardiovascular-diseases/) - ASCVD drives major global health and economic burden, with LDL-C responsible for up to one-third. Better prevention and management could reduce costs and save lives.
- [The case for adopting a broader perspective on value in Health Technology Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-case-for-adopting-a-broader-perspective-on-value-in-health-technology-assessment/) - Broader Health Technology Assessment (HTA) perspectives capture societal impacts of disease and treatment, including carers and families, for smarter healthcare decisions.
- [Novel devices: optimising drug delivery in multiple myeloma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/novel-devices-optimising-drug-delivery-in-multiple-myeloma/) - Novel devices like on-body injectors optimise subcutaneous drug delivery in multiple myeloma, improving patient experience, adherence, and healthcare efficiency
- [A global landscape analysis of access to tumour-agnostic therapies ](https://www.ohe.org/publications/a-global-landscape-analysis-of-access-to-tumour-agnostic-therapies/) - A global landscape analysis of access to tumour-agnostic therapies, examining availability, reimbursement, and barriers across healthcare systems.
- [Capturing the lived experiences of informal care in acute leukemia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/capturing-the-lived-experiences-of-informal-care-in-acute-leukemia/) - Providing informal care to someone with acute leukemia brings a severe multidimensional burden, affecting mental health, finances, careers, and relationships.
- [The commercial case for investing in ALS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-commercial-case-for-investing-in-als/) - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with devastating clinical and economic consequences.
- [Achieving Accelerated Patient Access to Cancer Care in Europe ](https://www.ohe.org/publications/achieving-accelerated-patient-access-to-cancer-care-in-europe/) - The APACE framework aims to accelerate patient access to cancer treatments in Europe, addressing gaps in HTA, pricing, and reimbursement processes.
- [Patient preferences for treatment in relapsed/refractory acute leukemia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/patient-preferences-for-treatment-in-relapsed-refractory-acute-leukemia/) - When acute leukemia relapses, treatment choices are complex. OHE report across five countries examines what is patients value from survival benefits to side effects.
- [The value of cell and gene therapies to the UK economy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-of-cell-and-gene-therapies-to-the-uk-economy/) - Cell and gene therapies (CGT) are moving from trials to routine care, with over 30 products licensed worldwide and more than 2000 in clinical development.
- [Understanding the preferences of people with acute leukemia for different health outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-the-preferences-of-people-with-acute-leukemia-for-different-health-outcomes/) - When we want to understand or measure someone’s “health-related quality-of-life”, we typically ask them to describe the problems they have with different aspects of their health. In this study, we wanted to understand which aspects, or “dimensions”, of health-related quality-of-life are most important to the general public and to persons with acute leukemia.
- [The broader economic benefits of COVID-19 vaccination ](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-broader-economic-benefits-of-covid-19-vaccination/) - Extending COVID-19 vaccination eligibility to working-age adults could nearly triple the benefits to national economies.
- [Taking STRIDES: The value of diagnostics against AMR](https://www.ohe.org/publications/taking-strides-the-value-of-diagnostics-against-amr/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis, projected to cause up to 10 million deaths annually and impose economic costs exceeding $150 billion by 2050. Key takeaways Diagnostics are foundational to antimicrobial stewardship and the fight against AMR, yet their indirect and system-level impacts are not adequately captured in current reimbursement models or policy
- [Limitations of CBO’s Simulation Model of New Drug Development as a Tool for Policymakers](https://www.ohe.org/publications/limitations-cbos-simulation/) - Limitations of CBO simulation model for drug pricing policy and prescription drug spending: impacts on innovation, new drug development and caution for policymaker
- [Socio-Economic Value of Adult Immunisation Programmes](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-socio-economic-value-of-adult-immunisation-programmes/) - Adult immunisation programmes can return up to 19× their initial investment when wider societal benefits beyond healthcare are considered.
- [Opportunities to Increase Efficiency in Healthcare](https://www.ohe.org/publications/opportunities-increase-efficiency-healthcare/) - Substantial economic resources are devoted to healthcare across Europe, but there is evidence that a large proportion of these resources are of limited benefit to patients and society.
- [Analysing Global Immunisation Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/analysing-global-immunisation-expenditure/) - Global immunisation spending remains low despite proven health, societal, and economic benefits; strategic investment is needed to improve coverage and impact.
- [Delivering the Triple Win: A Value-Based Approach to Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/delivering-the-triple-win-a-value-based-approach-to-pricing/) - A value-based pricing approach in pharmaceuticals can deliver the triple win: improved patient access, healthcare sustainability, and support for innovation.
- [Real-World Evidence: Current Best Practice for Reimbursement Decision-Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/real-world-evidence-current-best-practice/) - Real-world evidence (RWE) best practices can improve reimbursement decisions, enhance patient access, and ensure high-quality, transparent data use.
- [Understanding the Full Value of Long-Acting Therapies: less is more?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-the-full-value-of-long-acting-therapies-less-is-more/) - Long-acting therapies can improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare system burden, and deliver broader societal benefits often overlooked in HTA frameworks.
- [A Novel Incentive Model for Uptake of Diagnostics to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance](https://www.ohe.org/publications/novel-incentive-model-uptake-diagnostics-combat-amr/) - A novel incentive model aims to boost uptake of antibiotic diagnostics, supporting value demonstration, financing, and improved prescribing practices.
- [Dementia in the UK: Estimating the Potential Future Impact and Return on Research Investment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dementia-uk-estimating-impact-research-investment/) - Dementia in the UK: estimates the future impact on patients and carers and highlights the economic and societal returns from dementia research investment.
- [The Burden of Hidradenitis Suppurativa on Patients, the NHS and Society](https://www.ohe.org/publications/burden-hidradenitis-suppurativa-recommendations/) - Hidradenitis Suppurativa places a significant burden on patients, the NHS, and society, with recommendations to improve care and reduce impact
- [Are Recommendations for HTA of Gene Therapies Being Achieved?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/are-recommendations-for-hta-of-gene-therapies-being-achieved/) - Implementation of OHE recommendations for HTA of gene therapies across nine European countries, Australia, and Canada: progress and insights.
- [NICE enough? Do NICE’s Decision Outcomes Impact International HTA Decision-making?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nice-enough-do-nices-decision-outcomes-impact-international-hta-decision-making/) - NICE decision outcomes may influence HTA decision-making in 12 countries, with quantitative and qualitative analysis revealing global impact and mechanisms.
- [Reimagining Prevention for a Healthier, More Prosperous Society](https://www.ohe.org/publications/reimagining-prevention/) - Prevention is a cost-effective, often cost-saving investment that can reduce ill health, ease pressure on healthcare, and support long-term economic growth.
- [Proposals for a Novel UK Antimicrobial Subscription Model: The Investor Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/novel-uk-antimicrobial-subscription-model-investor-perspective/) - The UK antimicrobial subscription model offers a volume-delinked approach to address antibiotic market failure, with insights from the investor perspective.
- [Proposals for a Novel UK Antimicrobial Subscription Model: How Will Antibiotic Innovation be Scored?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/proposals-for-a-novel-uk-antimicrobial-subscription-model-how-will-antibiotic-innovation-be-scored/) - NHS England's proposed volume-delinked antimicrobial subscription model aims to address market failure and sets out how antibiotic innovation could be scored.
- [Innovation for Health System Efficiency and Improvement](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovation-for-health-system-efficiency-and-improvement/) - Innovation can boost health system efficiency by overcoming barriers to adoption, with multistakeholder partnerships playing a key role in success.
- [The BRAVER Roadmap to Broader Assessment of the Value of Health Interventions in the Asia-Pacific Region](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-braver-roadmap-to-broader-assessment-of-the-value-of-health-interventions-in-the-asia-pacific-region/) - The BRAVER framework guides broader assessment of health interventions in the Asia-Pacific, supporting HTA agencies in evaluating clinical and economic value.
- [Challenges and Solutions for Budget Impact Analysis of Gene Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/challenges-and-solutions-for-budget-impact-analysis-of-gene-therapies/) - OHE report examines challenges in budget impact analyses for gene therapies and offers solutions, including flexible guidance and innovative payment models.
- [The Importance of Diversity of Supply in Rare Diseases Markets](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-importance-of-diversity-of-supply-in-rare-diseases-markets/) - Rare diseases markets often rely on single suppliers; increasing supplier diversity can reduce shortages, expand treatment options, and boost resilience.
- [Employer Costs from Respiratory Infections](https://www.ohe.org/publications/employer-costs-from-respiratory-infections/) - Respiratory infections cost UK employers £44bn annually. Workplace vaccination and health policies could cut costs, boost productivity, and reduce inequities.
- [Understanding societal preferences for priority by disease severity in England & Wales](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-societal-preferences-for-priority-by-disease-severity-in-england-wales/) - OHE examines societal preferences in England & Wales, showing that NICE’s severity modifier may not align with public priorities for severe diseases.
- [The Cost of Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-cost-of-drug-shortages/) - OHE report examines the causes and impacts of drug shortages, especially in off-patent and biosimilar markets, to inform better policy decisions.
- [A Framework for Value-aligned Pricing of Combination Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/a-framework-for-value-aligned-pricing-of-combination-therapies/) - OHE report presents a framework for value-aligned pricing of combination therapies, addressing barriers to patient access in Europe
- [Capturing the Broader Value of Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/capturing-the-broader-value-of-antibiotics/) - OHE report outlines how the STEDI framework can capture the broader value of antibiotics beyond traditional HTA, highlighting their full potential.
- [The Dynamics of Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-dynamics-of-drug-shortages/) - OHE report examines the global causes of drug shortages and offers policy recommendations to reduce their impact on healthcare systems worldwide.
- [Individual, Health System, and Societal Impacts of Anti-seizure Medicine Use During Pregnancy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/individual-health-system-and-societal-impacts-of-anti-seizure-medicine-use-during-pregnancy/) - OHE report examines the individual, health system, and societal impacts of anti-seizure medicine use during pregnancy, highlighting risks and economic costs.
- [The Socioeconomic Burden Of Cervical Cancer in the UK: What are the benefits of achieving the WHO elimination target?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/socioeconomic-burden-of-cervical-cancer/) - Cervical cancer creates a high socioeconomic burden in the UK; achieving WHO elimination targets could deliver significant savings to patients, NHS, and society
- [Developing a Conceptual Framework of Healthcare System Pressure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/developing-a-conceptual-framework-of-healthcare-system-pressure/) - OHE report develops a conceptual framework to define and understand healthcare system pressure (HCSP), addressing a gap in formal definitions.
- [Incorporating the Patient Voice in Health Technology Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/patient-voice-in-hta/) - Incorporating the patient voice in HTA ensures decisions reflect not just clinical and economic factors, but the real impact on patients and society.
- [How Have HTA Agencies Evolved Their Methods Over Time?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-have-hta-agencies-evolved-their-methods-over-time/) - OHE report reviews HTA practices in 14 countries, highlighting differences in discount rates, modifiers, patient involvement, real-world evidence, and surrogate endpoints.
- [Inequalities in Dementia: Unveiling the Evidence and Forging a Path Towards Greater Understanding](https://www.ohe.org/publications/inequalities-in-dementia/) - OHE review identifies over 100 inequalities affecting people with dementia and their carers across diverse circumstances and health and care settings.
- [Unlocking the Value of Combination Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/unlocking-the-value-of-combination-therapies/) - Combination therapies in oncology use multiple treatment mechanisms to deliver enhanced clinical benefits over individual therapies.
- [An Analysis of NICE’s Optimised Decisions from 2015 to 2024](https://www.ohe.org/publications/an-analysis-of-nices-optimised-decisions-from-2015-to-2024/) - The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends medicines for use within the NHS in England
- [Disease Management, the NHS and the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/disease-management-nhs-and-pharmaceutical-industry/) - Disease management is a term with multiple and ambiguous meanings. For some, it is purely a form of managing care. For others, it is ‘strategic planning’ by the pharmaceutical industry to market its products in a different way. In between these two ends of the semantic spectrum are a wide variety of interpretations and usage.
- [From Efficacy to Cost-Effectiveness](https://www.ohe.org/publications/efficacy-cost-effectiveness/) - Professor Michael Drummond pointed out that traditionally we obtain assessments of efficacy of pharmaceuticals from Phase 3 clinical trials. This is because evidence of efficacy is required for drug licensing. The advantage of such trials is high internal validity, i.e. relative freedom from dangers of confounding bias, as compared to other forms of research. Economic
- [Regulating Prices Paid by the NHS for Medicines Supplied by the UK-Based Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/regulating-prices-paid-nhs-medicines-supplied-uk-based-pharmaceutical-industry/) - The aim of this paper is to review alternative methods of regulating the price of pharmaceuticals bought by the NHS from the perspective of the experience of the economic regulation of other industries in the UK, notably the privatised utilities.
- [Value of the Pharmaceutical Industry to the UK Economy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-pharmaceutical-industry-uk-economy/) - Although there is widespread agreement about the important role the pharmaceutical industry plays in the U K economy, there is no easily available source presenting the chief figures in a clear and easily interpretable way. The purpose of this paper is to do precisely that. It is based on serious research and analysis by economists, and provides a perspective within which the industry may be understood, and criticised, and assessed.
- [Financing Health Care in the UK: A Discussion of NERA’s Prototype Model to Replace the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/financing-health-care-uk-discussion-neras-prototype-model-replace-nhs/) - There is little doubt that throughout the world there is a growing concern about health services and the provision of health care. It is of interest that the worry seems to be independent of the precise structure of health services, the form of provision, and how it is paid for. This suggests two things. One is that the causes of the problem (or problems) are fundamental, and are not entirely, or mainly attributable, to the precise position in any individual country. The second is that each country may have something to learn from the others.
- [Industrial Policy and the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/industrial-policy-and-pharmaceutical-industry/) - This book contains the proceedings o f a conference held by the Office of Health Economics in June 1994. The papers, by a number of distinguished contributors, explore the role industrial policy can play in providing an economic environment in which the pharmaceutical industry meets the needs of patients and health care purchasers, so providing
- [The Ideas and Influence of Alan Williams: Be Reasonable – Do It My Way](https://www.ohe.org/publications/the-ideas-and-influence-of-alan-williams-be-reasonable-do-it-my-way/) - A tribute to our friend and colleague, Alan Williams. The sign on Alan Williams’ desk revealed his sense of humour, a man who invited and relished debate, but always recognising that intellectual pursuits were a means to a practical end. Alan was a man of principles: as Bob Sugden notes, Alan was not interested in
- [Guidelines for the Economic Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals: Can the UK learn from Australia and Canada?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/guidelines-economic-evaluation-pharmaceuticals-can-uk-learn-australia-and-canada/) - Getting value for money from the use of pharmaceuticals is crucial for the NHS. This publication explores the role for guidelines in generating good quality value for money information examining the experience of Australia, Canada and the UK – the first three health care systems to introduce national guidelines for economic assessments.
- [The Broader Value of Vaccines: The Return on Investment From a Governmental Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/broader-value-vaccines-return-investment-governmental-perspective/) - Most value assessments of vaccination programs are carried out by taking the perspective of the health system. To stimulate the debate concerning the broader value of vaccination beyond this perspective, this report quantifies the related return on investment to the UK government.
- [Making Outcome-Based Payment a Reality in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/making-outcome-based-payment-reality-nhs/) - This report explores the feasibility of introducing one type of flexible payment mechanism – outcome-based payment (OBP) – for cancer medicines into the NHS in England. OBP could help to accelerate patient access to some new medicines and ensure close monitoring of real-world patient benefit.
- [A Spotlight on Haemophilia Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/a-spotlight-on-haemophilia-therapies/) - Pharmaceutical innovation is a key driver of improvements in health outcomes, quality of life and productivity for people with acute and chronic conditions.
- [Pharmaceuticals Among the Sunrise Industries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceuticals-among-sunrise-industries/) - The performance of the United Kingdom economy has been the subject of much critical comment in recent years. Of course, economic achievement can be viewed from many different perspectives, giving rise to conflicting interpretations of national progress. Furthermore, it is axiomatic that global indicators camouflage a spectrum of experience spanning all degrees of success and
- [Health Expenditure in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-expenditure-uk-0/) - In the UK in 1984 the combined expenditure on health care services by both the public and private sectors rose to a record total of £19 billion.
- [NHS Reorganisation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nhs-reorganisation/) - Even at the start of the National Health Service's existence it was realised by many that its internal organisation was to some extent unsatisfactory.
- [Parkinson's Disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/parkinsons-disease/) - Parkinson's Disease has probably occurred amongst elderly people throughout history.
- [Benefits and Risks and Medical Care: a Symposium Held by the Office of Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/benefits-and-risks-and-medical-care-a-symposium-held-by-the-office-of-health-economics/) - The physical health and longevity of the people of countries such as Britain has improved dramatically during the course of the past 100 years.
- [Estimating Pharmaceutical Companies' Value to the Nation: Case Study of the British Pharma Group](https://www.ohe.org/publications/estimating-pharmaceutical-companies-value-to-the-nation-case-study-of-the-british-pharma-group/) - Knowing the net value that companies, or whole sectors of the economy, bring is clearly important when considering economic and industrial policy. In this paper we estimate the economic contribution to the UK made by two British based, research intensive, pharmaceutical companies: AstraZeneca (AZ) and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
- [Women in Medicine: The Results of an Inquiry Conducted by the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1962 – 63](https://www.ohe.org/publications/women-medicine-results-inquiry-conducted-medical-practitioners-union-1962-63/) - The results of an inquiry conducted by the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1962-63.
- [Canberra Hypothesis: the Economics of the Prescription Medicine Market](https://www.ohe.org/publications/canberra-hypothesis-economics-prescription-medicine-market/) - The Office of Health Economics delivered a paper to the Pharmaceutical Sciences Section of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science at the Academy of Sciences in Canberra.
- [Competition through Innovation, Innovation through Competition](https://www.ohe.org/publications/competition-through-innovation-innovation-through-competition/) - Pharmaceutical companies report that in their dynamic, research and technology intensive industry, competitiveness is synonymous with innovativeness. That is, companies must invest in product research and development (R&D) to stay ahead. To afford this type of strategy, companies seek adequate reimbursement for their time, risk, and investments. Purchasers (governments, sickness funds, managed care organizations, insurance
- [The Case for Expanding Uptake of Next-Generation Sequencing for Lung Cancer in Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/case-expanding-uptake-ngs-lung-cancer-eu/) - In this report, we explore the status of access and uptake for NGS testing for lung cancer in Europe, develop the health economic case for NGS testing, and identify barriers and opportunities for widespread access.
- [Exploring the Financial Sustainability of Gene Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-financial-sustainability-gene-therapies/) - Gene therapies represent a paradigm shift in medicine, with the potential to address the root causes of chronic diseases. They offer one-time treatment regimens and, in some cases, potentially a cure. As a result, they offer transformative value for patients, physicians, health systems and society. However, with the prospect of more gene therapy approvals there is concern in Europe that these technologies could threaten the financial sustainability of health systems.
- [How Should We Measure  Quality of Life Impact  in Rare  Disease? Recent Learnings in  Spinal Muscular Atrophy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-should-we-measure-quality-life-impact-rare-disease-recent-learnings-spinal-muscular/) - The measurement of quality of life in the context of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is challenging. This is because the disease is experienced by children and is rare, which makes data collection difficult. This Briefing reports on a symposium that outlined some lessons that can be learnt from the SMA context that might be more widely applicable.
- [Biosimilar Competition: Lessons from Europe and Prospects for the US](https://www.ohe.org/publications/biosimilar-competition-lessons-europe/) - Based on an OHE lunchtime seminar by Professor Henry Grabowski, this seminar briefing explores the lessons learned from Europe’s experience with biosimilars, and provides an analysis of how the US market may evolve. Based on an OHE lunchtime seminar by Professor Henry Grabowski, this seminar briefing explores the lessons learned from Europe’s experience with biosimilars, and provides
- [The Pros and Cons of Modelling in Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pros-and-cons-modelling-economic-evaluation/) - This OHE- Briefing summarises the presentations and discussion at the session on ‘Modelling in Economic Evaluation’ at the Conference of the International Society for Technology Assessment in Health Care (ISTAHC) in San Francisco 26th June 1996. The participants were: Professor Bernard Bloom. University of Pennsylvania, USA Professor Martin Buxton. Director of the Health Economics Research
- [Dementia: The R&D Landscape](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dementia-rd-landscape/) - This OHE Research Paper provides an overview of the current dementia R&D landscape. The research was undertaken by OHE for Imperial College and the UK Department of Health.
- [Supporting the Era of Green Pharmaceuticals in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/supporting-the-era-of-green-pharmaceuticals-in-the-uk/) - This report sets out the high-priority activities that the NHS, UK government and industry should undertake to tackle the challenge of reducing the NHS's carbon footprint.
- [2021 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2021-ohe-annual-report-to-the-charity-commission/) - We are pleased to submit the third report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, OHE’s second since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. OHE obtained its charitable status in 2016, an essential achievement towards OHE’s development as a health economics research organisation. The report of 2021 demonstrates some of the ways in
- [Proposal for a General Outcome-based Value Attribution Framework for Combination Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/proposal-for-a-general-outcome-based-value-attribution-framework-for-combination-therapies/) - An increasingly common strategy for treating many cancers is to utilise several medicines with distinct but complementary mechanisms of action in combination or in close sequence (IQVIA, 2019; Bashraheel et al, 2020). Valuing and pricing the components of a combination therapy gives… An increasingly common strategy for treating many cancers is to utilise several medicines
- [Navigating the Landscape of Digital Health - United Kingdom](https://www.ohe.org/publications/navigating-the-landscape-of-digital-health/) - Digital Health Technologies are a major trend in health care, and successfully adding them to the wider portfolio of health technologies requires coordinated involvement from various stakeholders.
- [Why we need a new Outcomes-based Value Attribution Framework for Combination Regimens in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/publications/why-we-need-new-outcomes-based-value-attribution-framework-combination-regimens/) - Using medicines in combination can deliver better outcomes for patients across different tumour types and disease stages. Yet many HTA agencies do not find that the expected additional benefits from adding a new medicine to a currently reimbursed medicine represents value for money to the health system. In markets that utilise cost-per-QALY approaches for assessing
- [Realising The Broader Value of Vaccines in the UK: Ready for Prime Time?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/realising-broader-value-vaccines-uk-ready-prime-time/) - The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the broad and devastating health, economic and societal impact of a highly infectious and deadly disease. In addition to the human suffering of COVID-19 patients, the pandemic is taking a heavy toll patients’ families, friends, colleagues, and other social networks. On healthcare staff working around the clock, wave after wave.
- [The Promise of Gene Therapies: Are We Ready?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/promise-gene-therapies-are-we-ready/) - In a webinar held on 16 March 2021, Mary Harney, Annie Hubert and Simone Boselli joined OHE’s Adrian Towse to debate the issues surrounding the adoption of gene therapies. In this interactive report we highlight our 5 key takeaways from the debate with clips, quotes and highlights.
- [Key Factors on How to Procure, Pay, Distribute and Use Vaccines for COVID-19: A European Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/key-factors-how-procure-pay-distribute-and-use-vaccines-covid-19-european-perspective/) - After the shock caused by the first wave of COVID-19, discovering vaccines against the virus and administering them quickly to the population became the utmost priority worldwide, especially once subsequent waves of COVID-19 were inevitable. Not only incentivising the research on vaccines and authorising them quickly, but managing optimally the portfolio of vaccine candidates and establishing
- [The Lower Drug Costs Now Act and Pharmaceutical Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/lower-drug-costs-now-act-and-pharmaceutical-innovation/) - The US spends significantly more on healthcare per person than other wealthy countries. H.R. 3 is a recent policy proposal aimed at reducing national spending on prescription drugs, one component of overall healthcare spending. Drug manufacturers would be required to negotiate prices with the US government, and prices would be capped at a level based
- [After the Transplant: Potential Benefits for the NHS and UK Kidney Transplant Patients](https://www.ohe.org/publications/after-the-transplant-potential-benefits-kidney-transplant/) - Around 10% of people in the United Kingdom (UK) have chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to Kidney Care UK. While CKD can be managed through diet and lifestyle changes in most patients, around 10% of them will suffer renal failure, where their kidneys no longer function well enough to support a normal, healthy life. Untreated, renal
- [How is Quality of Life Measured for Health Technology Assessments?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-quality-life-measured-health-technology-assessments/) - Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is the economic evaluation method that is typically preferred by health technology assessment agencies. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) – a composite measure of quality and quantity of life – are often used as the measure of benefit in a CEA. The quality of life component requires health state utilities, which are anchored at one (indicating full
- [A Case Study Analysis: Challenges in the NICE Evaluation of Multi-Indication Medicines for Rare and Ultra-Rare Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/publications/case-study-analysis-challenges-nice-evaluation-multi-indication-medicines-rare-and/) - Medicines for rare and ultra-rare conditions face distinct economic and ethical challenges compared to medicines for more common conditions. These challenges are implicitly acknowledged by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) by providing an auxiliary appraisal route for highly specialized technologies. However, concerns have been raised regarding the appraisals of medicines that
- [Lives of Our Children: a Study in Childhood Mortality](https://www.ohe.org/publications/lives-our-children-study-childhood-mortality/) - In the early 1930’s, 27,000 children died each year. By 1960, the number had fallen to 5,000. Over 380,000 people now alive would have died in childhood if the death rates of the early thirties had not improved. This study describes the recent achievements in the saving of child life, concentrating upon the rapid improvement
- [2020 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2020-ohe-annual-report-charity-commission/) - We are pleased to submit the third report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, OHE’s second since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. OHE obtained its charitable status in 2016, an essential achievement towards OHE’s development as a health economics research organisation. The report of 2018 demonstrates some of the ways in
- [Making Outcome-Based Payment a Reality in the NHS. Phase Two: Practical Considerations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/making-outcome-based-payment-reality-nhs-phase-two-practical-considerations/) - Outcome-based payment (OBP) is a flexible payment mechanism linking the price the NHS pays for a medicine to the outcomes it achieves in practice for NHS patients. In 2019 we published the results of a research study describing how OBP could help accelerate patient access to some new medicines, ensure close monitoring of real-world patient
- [When Generic Measures Fail to Reflect What Matters to Patients: Three Case Studies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/when-generic-measures-fail-reflect-what-matters-patients-three-case-studies/) - Generic preference-based measures are often used for capturing patients’ health-related quality of life (QOL) to assess quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in health technology assessment (HTA). Whilst this type of measure, which includes commonly used EQ-5D instruments, are useful for enabling comparability between assessments… Generic preference-based measures are often used for capturing patients’ health-related quality of
- [HTA and Payment Mechanisms for New Drugs to Tackle AMR](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hta-and-payment-mechanisms-new-drugs-tackle-amr/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat, limiting the ability of health care systems to prevent and treat infections and save lives. In parallel, global antibiotic development pipelines are weak. Various R&D incentives have been proposed to address the challenges associated… Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat, limiting the ability
- [Health Technology Assessment of Gene Therapies: Are Our Methods Fit for Purpose?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-technology-assessment-gene-therapies-are-our-methods-fit-purpose/) - Gene therapies represent a new era of medicine, offering the potential for truly transformational health gains, and further benefits for society and health systems.
- [Quality of life and wellbeing in individuals with experience of fertility problems and assisted reproductive techniques](https://www.ohe.org/publications/quality-of-life-and-wellbeing-in-individuals-with-experience-of-fertility-problems-and-assisted-reproductive-techniques/) - Fertility treatments, collectively termed Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART), are now widely available for routine clinical use. However, there is a lack of cost-effectiveness evidence for fertility treatments. This, in part, reflects challenges associated with estimating the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts of infertility and subfertility.
- [Incentivising New Antibiotics: Designing a Value-Based Delinked Pull Incentive Mechanism](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incentivising-new-antibiotics-designing-a-value-based-delinked-pull-incentive-mechansim/) - In this report, we describe the design of a globally aligned, value-based, fully-delinked pull incentive, where payers provide manufacturers with a pre-specified subscription fee based on the value of the antibiotic, regardless of the volume used.
- [2022 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2022-ohe-annual-report-to-the-charity-commission/) - This is the sixth report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales since becoming a registered charity in December 2016.
- [2023 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2023-ohe-annual-report-to-the-charity-commission/) - We are pleased to submit our seventh submission to the Charity Commission for England and Wales since becoming a registered charity in December 2016.
- [Learnings from the Assessments of Entrectinib and Larotrectinib: Health Technology Assessment Challenges Associated with Tumour-Agnostic Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/learnings-assessments-entrectinib-and-larotrectinib-health-technology-assessment/) - A paradigm shift is occurring in cancer care with the introduction of tumour-agnostic therapies, for which the indication is defined by the molecular signature of the tumour rather than by its location. While promising for patients, healthcare systems are facing major challenges with… A paradigm shift is occurring in cancer care with the introduction of
- [It Takes Two to Tango: When do Conditional Reimbursement Risk-Sharing Schemes Work for Both Parties?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/it-takes-two-tango-when-do-conditional-reimbursement-risk-sharing-schemes-work-both/) - Faster regulatory approval has not necessarily achieved faster patient access. A new OHE paper sets out how risk-sharing can tackle this, enabling resolution of differences of view between innovators and payers about a technology’s value. The authors find risk-sharing makes sense in 9 out of 16 scenarios, setting out the conditions in which both parties
- [Payment Models for Multi-Indication Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/payment-models-multi-indication-therapies/) - For the growing number of multi-indication medicines, access may be delayed or even denied due to challenges in linking payment with a medicine’s value across those indications. We assembled a broad range of stakeholders to work toward consensus on the challenges and solutions which promote better patient access and sustainable health care and innovation. Traditionally,
- [The Value of Vaccines in Maintaining Health System Capacity in England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-vaccines-maintaining-health-system-capacity-england/) - This report has now been published as an article in Value in Health available here. The NHS is facing unprecedented health system pressure, with a record number of patients waiting for care, while their underlying condition is potentially worsening due to exceptionally long waits. When there is excess demand for health care, treating one patient means
- [Working Towards a Sustainable, Healthy Market for Vaccines: a Comprehensive Framework to Support Policy Dialogue and Decision-Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/working-towards-sustainable-healthy-market-vaccines-comprehensive-framework-support/) - By placing a strain on health care systems and the global economy, the COVID-19 pandemic clearly shows the need to more comprehensively understand both supply- and demand-side aspects of a “healthy” vaccines market that can meet public health demand over time and across dynamic events. The goal of a healthy vaccines market, as defined for
- [Key Considerations for Early Access Schemes for Single-Administration (One-Time) Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/key-considerations-early-access-schemes-single-administration-one-time-therapies/) - Early access schemes enable patients in exceptional need to access therapies that are not yet available through their health system. These schemes were not designed for single-administration therapies. In our report, OHE authors present key considerations for developing early access schemes for single-administration therapies. In our report, OHE authors review the existing routes for early
- [Resource Allocation in Public Sector Programmes: Does the Value of a Life Differ Between Governmental Departments?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/resource-allocation-public-sector-programmes-does-value-life-differ-between/) - This research paper examines whether value of a life estimates used in economic evaluation differs between government departments in a selection of developed countries. The authors find that generally estimates used in transport and the environment exceeded those used in health, which suggests that health may be undervalued by departments of health compared to departments of transport or environment.
- [2019 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2019-ohe-annual-report-charity-commission/) - We are pleased to submit the third report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, OHE’s second since becoming a registered charity in December… We are pleased to submit the third report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, OHE’s second since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. OHE obtained its charitable
- [Drop Dead: Is Anchoring at ‘Dead’ a Theoretical Requirement in Health State Valuation?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/drop-dead-anchoring-dead-theoretical-requirement-health-state-valuation/) - By convention, values for generic ‘preference-based’ measures, such as the EQ-5D, are anchored at 1 = full health and 0 = dead. This paper challenges the assumption that anchoring health state values at ‘dead = 0’ is a necessary condition for values to be used in quality-adjusted life year (QALY) estimation. The authors consider five
- [How do we Measure the “Value” in Value-Based care?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-do-we-measure-value-value-based-care/) - Determining and defining value in health care is a persistent challenge in every country. To some extent, what constitutes value depends on perspective, e.g. a pharmaceutical company may view value somewhat differently than a doctor or a hospital administrator. Appropriate measurement,… Determining and defining value in health care is a persistent challenge in every country. To
- [The BRAVE Initiative: The BRAVE Narrative for Broad Recognition of Value in Vaccines Engagement](https://www.ohe.org/publications/brave-initiative-brave-narrative-broad-recognition-value-vaccines-engagement/) - Vaccines are widely regarded as one of the most important public health achievements of the last century. Health economists, however, have long highlighted the gaps between what policymakers typically count as vaccine benefits and the full benefits that vaccines confer. Failure to consider… Vaccines are widely regarded as one of the most important public health
- [Cornerstones of “Fair” Drug Coverage: Appropriate Cost - Sharing and Utilization Management  Policies for Pharmaceuticals](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cornerstones-fair-drug-coverage-appropriate-cost-sharing-and-utilization-management/) - In the focus on US drug prices, ICER has contributed thinking on determining when price aligns with patient benefits. Less debated is whether insurance coverage provides patients with fair access to a drug with a fair, value-based, price. But how do we define fair access? This paper from ICER and OHE authors develops a fair
- [Realising the Broader Value of Vaccines in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/realising-broader-value-vaccines-uk/) - Many health technology assessment (HTA) agencies limit their assessment of vaccines to individual health benefits and the costs associated with vaccine administration and the disease avoided. However, compared to other health technologies, the standard evaluation approaches have often been criticised as inadequate to… Many health technology assessment (HTA) agencies limit their assessment of vaccines to
- [Incentives for R&D: Payment Options and Pricing Challenges](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incentives-rd-payment-options-and-pricing-challenges/) - The issue of rising prescription drug prices is a concern in every country. Dozens of policy initiatives and hundreds of research projects over last the fifty years have attempted to find solutions to pricing that provide an appropriate balance between the cost… The issue of rising prescription drug prices is a concern in every country.
- [Bridging the Gap: Pathways for Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment of Histology Independent Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/bridging-gap-pathways-regulatory-and-health-technology-assessment-histology-independent/) - Histology independent therapies, a new class of medicines that target cancer based on specific genomic or molecular alterations of cancer cells rather than tissue of origin, face significant methodological and policy hurdles related to evidence development and acceptance, value assessment and reimbursement pathways,… Histology independent therapies, a new class of medicines that target cancer based
- [NICE ‘Optimised’ Decisions: What is the Recommended Level of Patient Access?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nice-optimised-decisions-what-recommended-level-patient-access/) - The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) makes recommendations for the use of interventions including medicines in the National Health Service in England based on their clinical and cost-effectiveness. Over the last 20 years 82% of technology appraisal recommendations have been… The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) makes recommendations for
- [A Bargaining Approach: A Theory on ICER Pricing and Optimal Level of Cost-Effectiveness Threshold](https://www.ohe.org/publications/bargaining-approach-theory-icer-pricing-and-optimal-level-cost-effectiveness-threshold/) - This paper presents a supply and demand model of pharmaceutical markets to analyse the relationship between the value of the Cost-Effectiveness Threshold (CET) and the distribution of the health and economic value of new medicines between consumers (payers) and developers (life science… This paper presents a supply and demand model of pharmaceutical markets to analyse
- [How Should the World Pay for a COVID-19 Vaccine?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-should-world-pay-covid-19-vaccine/) - This year’s OHE lecture addresses the question: how should the world pay for a COVID-19 vaccine? Adrian Towse, Emeritus Director of OHE and Senior Research Fellow presents the challenges that we face in developing a COVID-19 vaccine,and suggests a mechanism for buying the… This year’s OHE lecture addresses the question: how should the world pay
- [Delivering the 2.4 Percent: Unlocking UK Pharma R&D Investment through Evidence-Based Policies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/delivering-24-percent-unlocking-uk-pharma-rd-investment-through-evidence-based-policies/) - In the 2017 Industrial Strategy, the Government committed to increasing investment in UK Research and Development to the OECD-average of 2.4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2027, with a longer-term goal of reaching 3% to put the UK in the upper quartile.… In the 2017 Industrial Strategy, the Government committed to increasing investment in
- [Personalised Medicine: is it an Oil-Rush or Oil-Spill?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/personalised-medicine-it-oil-rush-or-oil-spill/) - Personalised medicine, also known as ‘precision’ or ‘stratified’ medicine, targets treatment by using genetics and/or biomarkers to identify patients or subgroups of patients who have distinct mechanisms of disease or who may respond to treatment in a particular way. The goal is… Personalised medicine, also known as ‘precision’ or ‘stratified’ medicine, targets treatment by using
- [International Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds and Modifiers for HTA Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/international-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-and-modifiers-hta-decision-making/) - OHE presents an overview on the use of cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) in a number of selected countries in their decision-making process for health technology assessments (HTAs). In addition to the different levels of CETs in these countries, this review examines whether an explicit… OHE presents an overview on the use of cost-effectiveness thresholds (CETs) in
- [Closing the ‘Know-Do’ Gap for Health Systems Reform at the Policy Level](https://www.ohe.org/publications/closing-know-do-gap-health-systems-reform-policy-level/) - The World Health Organisation (WHO) has become quite skilled at promoting what changes are desirable in health care systems, and why, but has largely left how to implement those changes to individual countries. Although certainly no one solution will fit all countries,… The World Health Organisation (WHO) has become quite skilled at promoting what changes
- [Indication-Based Pricing (IBP) Consultation Report](https://www.ohe.org/publications/indication-based-pricing-ibp-consultation-report/) - Although the science underlying drug development has evolved, there has been little change in how we pay for them. As more and more medicines come to market with multiple indications (or even more importantly the unrealised potentialto treat multiple indications), the way we pay for those medicines becomes critical in making sure we can benefit
- [Meningococcal Vaccines: An International Comparison of Decision-Making Processes, Frameworks and Methodologies. Are Values Missing?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/meningococcal-vaccines-international-comparison-decision-making-processes-frameworks/) - Meningococcal disease is a life-threatening infection and can result in severe sequelae. Recent scientific and technical advances have led to the discovery and implementation of novel meningococcal vaccines which have resulted in a substantial reduction in the burden of disease worldwide, representing a major public health achievement (Crum-Cianflone and Sullivan, 2016). Meningococcal disease is a
- [The Evolution of US Policy Responses to the Opioid Epidemic](https://www.ohe.org/publications/evolution-us-policy-responses-opioid-epidemic/) - The ‘opioid epidemic’ in the US is the most recent drug-abuse challenge from the misuse of prescription medicines or the use of illicit drugs. It is a particularly difficult challenge because thousands of patients benefit from the prescription pain killers that originally… The ‘opioid epidemic’ in the US is the most recent drug-abuse challenge from
- [Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Health System Strengthening: A Platforms Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/evaluating-cost-effectiveness-health-system-strengthening-platforms-perspective/) - Health System Strengthening (HSS) is an important concept now widely discussed, but too often without sufficient structure or an adequate understanding of what actually is involved. The articles on which this seminar is based (Morton, Thomas and Smith, 2016; Smith and Yip, 2016) attempted to present more clearly just what health system strengthening might entail and whether that might be modelled.
- [What NHS Trusts Can Do to Reduce Waiting Times for Cancer Treatment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-nhs-trusts-can-do-reduce-waiting-times-cancer-treatment/) - The NHS Improvement Economics team is part of the Strategy Directorate in NHS Improvement. NHS Improvement aims to implement changes to help improve both quality and efficiency. Recent research by the Economics team intended to support this has included research on A&E performance,… The NHS Improvement Economics team is part of the Strategy Directorate in
- [Are Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds fit for Purpose for Real-World Decision Making?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/are-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-fit-for-purpose/) - Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds (CETs) are used in a selected number of countries as tool in decision-making on funding and reimbursements for new healthcare technologies.
- [Anchoring Latent Scale Values for the EQ-5D-Y at 0 = Dead](https://www.ohe.org/publications/anchoring-latent-scale-values-eq-5d-y-0-dead/) - To date there have been no value sets to support the use of the EQ-5D-Y in cost-utility analysis. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) can be used to obtain values on a latent scale, but these values require anchoring at 0 = dead to meet… To date there have been no value sets to support the use
- [Ethical and Economic Issues in the Appraisal of Medicines for Ultra-Rare Conditions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ethical-and-economic-issues-appraisal-medicines-ultra-rare-conditions-0/) - In light of concerns that not all medicines for ultra-rare (also known as ultra-orphan) conditions are appraised under the same NICE process, a new OHE Consulting Report discusses the distinct ethical and economic challenges faced by medicines for ultra-rare conditions, with particular reference… In light of concerns that not all medicines for ultra-rare (also known
- [2018 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/2018-ohe-annual-report-charity-commission/) - We are pleased to submit the second report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales, OHE’s second since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. OHE obtained its charitable status in 2016, an essential achievement towards OHE’s development as a health economics… We are pleased to submit the second report to the Charity Commission
- [Unrelieved Pain in Palliative Care in England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/unrelieved-pain-palliative-care-england/) - In England, an estimated 378,427 people receive palliative care each year in a range of specialised and generalised services. Overall, the quality of palliative care in England and the wider UK is widely regarded as excellent. However, despite the generally high level of care, many patients receiving palliative care die in pain every year.
- [Data Governance Arrangements for Real-World Evidence in Japan](https://www.ohe.org/publications/data-governance-arrangements-real-world-evidence-japan/) - In 2015, OHE Consulting published a report on data governance arrangements for real-world evidence (RWE) covering the specifics under which RWE was used in eight different countries: Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, the Netherlands, the UK and the US1. Two years later, Lilly commissioned a second report based on the South Korean setting, following the
- [Valuing EQ-5D-Y Health States Using a Discrete Choice Experiment: Do Adult and Adolescent Preferences Differ?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/valuing-eq-5d-y-health-states-using-discrete-choice-experiment-do-adult-and-adolescent/) - This Research Paper describes a study examining adolescent and adult responses to a discrete choice experiment (DCE) containing EQ-5D-Y health states in order to determine whether the two groups exhibit different preferences. This Research Paper describes a study examining adolescent and adult responses to a discrete choice experiment (DCE) containing EQ-5D-Y health states in order
- [The Case of Risperidone: Assessing the Life-cycle Value of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Sweden and the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/case-risperidone-assessing-life-cycle-value-second-generation-antipsychotics-sweden-and/) - The present work aims to assess the life-cycle value of innovative medicines based on the example of Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGA). Assessing the entire life-cycle of SGA, the study explores how much additional value has been delivered through additional approved indications for SGAs, generic competition or new and clinically superior formulations launched. Using risperidone as representative
- [Documento de debate sobre la fijación de precios en función de la indicación (IBP) ¿Deben variar los precios de los medicamentos según la indicación?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/documento-de-debate-sobre-la-fijacion-de-precios-en-funcion-de-la-indicacion-ibp-deben/) - Cada vez más, los avances científicos desarrollan nuevas medicinas que permiten mejoras en la supervivencia y calidad de vida para diversas indicaciones terapéuticas. La fijación de precios en función de la indicación se ha propuesto como un modo de relacionar el precio con el valor. En este breve documento de debate, explicamos los aspectos más
- [Indication-Based Pricing (IBP) Discussion Paper: Should drug prices differ by indication?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/indication-based-pricing-ibp-discussion-paper-should-drug-prices-differ-indication/) - Increasingly, scientific advances are delivering new medicines that deliver improved survival and quality of life across multiple treatment indications. Indication-Based Pricing (IBP) has been proposed as a way to better link price with value. In this short Discussion Paper, we outline the major issues including the potential benefits of IBP, potential draw-backs, and considerations for
- [Can We Really Compare and Aggregate PRO Data Between People and Settings? Implications for Multi-Country Clinical Trials and HTA](https://www.ohe.org/publications/can-we-really-compare-and-aggregate-pro-data-between-people-and-settings-implications/) - The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the issues that might limit comparability of PRO data and to highlight some of the evidence that exists on these issues. We note some of the implications for the development and use of PRO instruments, for their application in multi-country clinical trials, and for
- [The WHO Technical Report on the Pricing of Cancer Medicines: Missing a central role for HTA and value assessment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/who-technical-report-pricing-cancer-medicines-missing-central-role-hta-and-value/) - The WHO Technical Report: Pricing of cancer medicines and its impacts (“the Report”) was published in order to address requests made in a resolution adopted by the 2018 Seventieth World Health Assembly WHA70.12 on Cancer prevention and control in the context of an integrated approach. The WHO Technical Report: Pricing of cancer medicines and its
- [Value, Access, and Incentives for Innovation: Policy Perspectives on Alternative Models for Pharmaceutical Rebates](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-access-and-incentives-innovation-policy-perspectives-alternative-models/) - OHE Research Paper 19/02: The combination of rising drug costs in the US and increasing financial stress for individual patients has triggered intense national concern. One target has come under particular scrutiny: rebates. This paper describes how alternatives to the current US rebate system offer potential risks or disadvantages as well as potential benefits. It
- [Exploring Variations in the Opportunity Cost Cost-effectiveness Threshold by Clinical Area: Results from a Feasibility Study in England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-variations-opportunity-cost-cost-effectiveness-threshold-clinical-area/) - Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold reflecting the opportunity cost of adopting a new technology in a health system is not easy. This OHE research paper provides empirical evidence on the relationship between health outcomes and health expenditures in England. Results suggest that setting a cost-effectiveness criterion for NICE may not be capable of being synthesised using
- [The Future of Global Health Procurement: Issues around Pricing Transparency](https://www.ohe.org/publications/future-global-health-procurement-issues-around-pricing-transparency/) - This OHE Research Paper focuses on the role that price transparency may play in the efficient and effective procurement of medicines by Middle and Low Income Countries. Will making prices publicly available make procurement more efficient and cost-effective medicines more accessible? This OHE Research Paper focuses on the role that price transparency may play in
- [Early Experience with Health Technology Assessment of Gene Therapies in the United States: Pricing and Paying for Cures](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-experience-health-technology-assessment-gene-therapies-united-states-pricing-and/) - Gene therapies, which can provide cures for diseases, are a new area of research for ICER. Some are within two to three years of becoming available publicly. This is exciting, but also offers serious and critical challenges in valuation. The focus of this seminar briefing is on those challenges. Gene therapies, which can provide cures
- [Can a Strong Economic Case Be Made for Investing in the NHS?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/can-strong-economic-case-be-made-investing-nhs/) - Debate about funding has highlighted the difficulty of persuading sceptics that the NHS is a good use of public finance. There is a widely held view – particularly in finance ministries and some sections of the media – that health systems such as… Debate about funding has highlighted the difficulty of persuading sceptics that the
- [Public Preferences for Health Gains and Cures: A Discrete Choice Experiment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/public-preferences-health-gains-and-cures-discrete-choice-experiment/) - Whether or not society values curative therapies more highly (or less highly) than the sum of the iterative improvements that might come from conventional therapy has been highlighted as an important area for research. The aim of this research was thus to explore society’s preferences across curative and non-curative therapies and large and small health
- [Multi-Indication Pricing (MIP): Practical Solutions and Steps to Move Forward](https://www.ohe.org/publications/multi-indication-pricing-mip-practical-solutions-and-steps-move-forward/) - This report provides a detailed summary of a panel discussion held at the HTAi 2017 annual meeting in Rome on the current approaches to MIP in Europe, the perceived challenges, and how they could be tackled in the future. This report provides a detailed summary of a panel discussion held at the HTAi 2017 annual
- [Legal Barriers to the Better Use of Health Data to Deliver Pharmaceutical Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/legal-barriers-better-use-health-data-deliver-pharmaceutical-innovation/) - The proliferation of health data in our ever more digitalised world of health care creates opportunities for better research around – and delivery of – pharmaceutical innovation. However, these opportunities may be constrained around the legal barriers to the use of health data… The proliferation of health data in our ever more digitalised world of
- [2017 OHE Annual Report to the Charity Commission](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ohe-annual-report-charity-commission-year-2017/) - This is OHE’s report to the Charity Commission for England and Wales for the year 2017, OHE’s first since becoming a registered charity in December 2016. It demonstrates some of the ways in which OHE has met its charitable objects: namely, to advance the education of the public in general/health care payers/policy makers on the
- [Securing Funds for the Proposed NHS Multi-year Funding: The Feasibility of Using a Hypothecated Tax](https://www.ohe.org/publications/securing-funds-proposed-nhs-multi-year-funding-feasibility-using-hypothecated-tax/) - This OHE publication by Nick Timmins, a senior fellow at the Institute for Government and the Kings Fund, sets out arguments in favour and against. It is based on the seminar he gave at OHE in July 2018. This OHE publication by Nick Timmins, a senior fellow at the Institute for Government and the Kings
- [Private Provision of Publicly Funded Health Care: The Economics of Ownership](https://www.ohe.org/publications/private-provision-publicly-funded-health-care-economics-ownership/) - This OHE Briefing outlines the NHS ownership debate through the lens of economics. The aim of the Briefing is to improve understanding of how economics can or cannot help to resolve the question of whether the private ownership of health care provision is good or bad. The economics literature that informs this overview includes: the
- [Issues Surrounding the Estimation of the Opportunity Cost of Adopting a New Health Care Technology: Areas for Further Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/issues-surrounding-estimation-opportunity-cost-adopting-new-health-care-technology/) - This OHE Research paper by Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte, (German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ), Bernarda Zamora (OHE) and Adrian Towse (OHE) sets out a research agenda proposing new approaches in three areas to improve understanding of supply side opportunity costs for the English NHS. A… This OHE Research paper by Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte, (German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ),
- [The Impact of New Medicines in the NHS: 70 Years of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-new-medicines-nhs-70-years-innovation/) - In 2018, the NHS turns 70. This OHE Consulting Report demonstrates the contribution and impact of medicines to the health economy in the UK throughout the history of the NHS. Through interviews with experts we identified a shortlist of the most important medicines to have been brought to market, and from a review of the
- [Measurement of Medicines Expenditure in the Context of the 2014-18 PPRS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measurement-medicines-expenditure-context-2014-18-pprs/) - This OHE Consulting Report reviews “Measurement of Medicines Expenditure in the Context of the 2014-18 PPRS.” The project was funded by the ABPI. For the year 2015/16, the Treasury reported growth in Government funded healthcare expenditure in the UK of 4.0% whilst NHS Digital reported medicines expenditure growth for the English National Health Service (NHS)
- [Economics of Innovative Payment Models Compared with Single Pricing of Pharmaceuticals](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economics-innovative-payment-models-compared-single-pricing-pharmaceuticals-0/) - The current system of a single price per medicine means that, for multi-indication medicines, the relationship between price and “value” can vary substantially. In this OHE Research paper, we consider: What are the economic implications of an alternative to single-price payments for pharmaceuticals?… The current system of a single price per medicine means that, for
- [Establishing a Reasonable Price for an Orphan Drug](https://www.ohe.org/publications/establishing-reasonable-price-orphan-drug/) - The high cost of drugs for rare diseases (‘orphan drugs’) has generated considerable debate. While there is debate in the economic literature over whether a premium should be paid for ‘rarity’, these drugs are reimbursed with high prices in many countries. The question then arises as to what should be a reasonable price for an
- [R&D, Competition and Diffusion of Innovation in the EU: The Case of Hepatitis C](https://www.ohe.org/publications/rd-competition-and-diffusion-innovation-eu-case-hepatitis-c/) - Using a multidisciplinary methodological approach combining a theoretical economic framework with uptake/market share analyses by country and interviews, this OHE research concludes that: (i) IP incentives for R&D may have encouraged a high degree of in-class competition of DAAs close to the first entrant launch; (ii) in-class competition had a positive impact on uptake and
- [Quality of Life in Long-term Cancer Survivors: Implications for Future Health Technology Assessments in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/publications/quality-life-long-term-cancer-survivors-implications-future-health-technology/) - Cancer survival rates have improved dramatically in recent decades due in part to pharmaceutical advances, with a growing range of increasingly effective and targeted medicines being developed, such as immunotherapies. In the economic modelling of such treatments, the question arises of which utilities should be assigned to patients who show a long-term, durable response. In
- [The Debate on Indication-Based Pricing in the U.S. and Five Major European Countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/debate-indication-based-pricing-us-and-five-major-european-countries/) - The notion that the price of a medicine should be linked in some way to value it generates for patients and the health system is generally accepted. Yet, how can this be achieved, when increasingly medicines are being developed that derive patient benefit across many different indications? Indication-based pricing (IBP) has been proposed as a
- [A Critique of the Paper “The Estimated Costs of Production and Potential Prices for the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List”](https://www.ohe.org/publications/critique-paper-estimated-costs-production-and-potential-prices-world-health/) - This OHE Consulting Report reviews “Estimated costs of production and potential prices of medicines for the World Health Organization Essential Medicines List” (Hill et al., 2018) in which the authors argue for “greater transparency in drug pricing” and propose generating estimates of the cost of manufacturing essential medicines to inform negotiations on drug pricing. This
- [New Methods for Analysing the Distribution of EQ-5D Observations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-methods-analysing-distribution-eq-5d-observations/) - This paper reports new methods for analysing the distribution of EQ-5D observations. The Health State Density Index and Health State Density Curve are used to summarise the extent to which people’s self-reported health on the EQ-5D is concentrated on a few health states, or distributed more evenly over a wide range of health states. This
- [The UK Biotech Sector and Brexit: Past Performance and Future Prospects](https://www.ohe.org/publications/uk-biotech-sector-and-brexit-past-performance-and-future-prospects/) - This seminar briefing examines (1) why the UK has not produced large biotech firms that develop drugs, similar to those in the United States (US), (2) why the UK biotech firms that do exist have not brought blockbuster drugs to the market and (3) what the implications are for industrial strategy after Brexit. These remarks
- [Why are Mortality Rates Rising for Middle-Aged White Non-Hispanic Americans? Could it Happen in Europe?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/why-are-mortality-rates-rising-middle-aged-white-non-hispanic-americans-could-it-happen/) - Low levels of mortality are important indicators of societal success. This lecture is about trends in mortality in the white non-Hispanic population in the United States of America (US), a subject which is not only interesting in itself, but also of global significance because we are all wondering whether this could happen to our own
- [Barriers to Uptake of Minimal Access Surgery in the United Kingdom](https://www.ohe.org/publications/barriers-uptake-minimal-access-surgery-united-kingdom/) - Surgical practice has and continues to develop at a tremendous pace, reflecting the evolving technological landscape as well as the expanding skillset of the surgical workforce. Minimal access surgery (MAS) can offer improved recovery prospects for patients, but uptake in the UK is variable across both procedures and hospitals. Surgical practice has and continues to
- [Appraising Ultra-Orphan Drugs: Is Cost-Per-QALY Appropriate? A Review of the Evidence](https://www.ohe.org/publications/appraising-ultra-orphan-drugs-cost-qaly-appropriate-review-evidence/) - The report addresses the implications of NICE appraising treatments for very rare diseases using a cost-per-QALY gained decision rule of the type used by NICE in its Technology Appraisal Programme to appraise therapies for more common conditions. The report addresses the implications of NICE appraising treatments for very rare diseases using a cost-per-QALY gained decision
- [Real World Evidence for Coverage Decisions: Opportunities and Challenges](https://www.ohe.org/publications/real-world-evidence-coverage-decisions-opportunities-and-challenges/) - OHE Research Paper 18/01: This paper sets out the potential opportunities and important challenges and limitations that must be addressed in considering options for using RWE to inform insurer coverage decisions. The primary purpose of developing the paper was to stimulate discussion at the 2017 ICER Policy Summit meeting. A separate paper is available that
- [Understanding the Context, Selecting the Standards: A Framework to Guide the Optimal Development and Use of Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Formulary Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-context-selecting-standards-framework-guide-optimal-development-and-use/) - OHE Research Paper 18/02: Real World Evidence (RWE) – This paper provides a framework and specific steps to help both manufacturers and payers meet the challenge of developing observational RWE through a transparent process that can be considered credible by all stakeholders. OHE Research Paper 18/02: Real World Evidence (RWE) – This paper provides a
- [NHS Agency Staffing and the Impact of Recent Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nhs-agency-staffing-and-impact-recent-interventions/) - This seminar focuses on the NHS staffing markets and the use of temporary staff, specifically in the NHS provider sector, i.e. foundation trusts and NHS trust. (which include hospitals). To provide background and context, the discussion begins with an overview of the NHS labour market and the role of staffing agencies in providing temporary staff. The
- [Review of CRA’s Report “Assessing the Economic Impacts of Changing Exemption Provisions During Patent and SPC Protection in Europe”](https://www.ohe.org/publications/review-cras-report-assessing-economic-impacts-changing-exemption-provisions-during/) - The CRA Report has an underlying assumption that the EU is as globally competitive in generics and biosimilars as it is in innovative products. There is no evidence to support this. The correct industrial strategy for the EU may well be to focus on the development, manufacture and export of innovative products, rather than on
- [Routine Funding in the NHS in the UK of Medicines Authorised Between 2011 and 2016 via the European Centralised Procedure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/routine-funding-nhs-uk-medicines-authorised-between-2011-and-2016-european-centralised/) - The centralised procedure was created in 1995 to facilitate access to innovative medicines across the European Union. Since then the scope of authorisation via the centralised procedure has been broadened and made mandatory for orphan and oncology medicines. We analysed routine funding in the NHS for new medicines recently authorised via the centralised procedure with
- [Public Health and Economic Implications of the United Kingdom Exiting the EU and the Single Market](https://www.ohe.org/publications/public-health-and-economic-implications-united-kingdom-exiting-eu-and-single-market/) - This report explores the consequences of the exit of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) on public health in the UK and in the EU. It also provides an estimate of the economic impact for pharmaceutical companies. The impact of… This report explores the consequences of the exit of the United Kingdom
- [Antimicrobials Resistance: A Call for Multi-disciplinary Action. How Can HTA Help?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/antimicrobials-resistance-call-multi-disciplinary-action-how-can-hta-help/) - This briefing provides a detailed summary of a symposium held at the HTAi 2017 meeting in Rome. This briefing provides a detailed summary of a symposium held at the HTAi 2017 meeting in Rome. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is in part a natural phenomenon, but its growth has been accelerated over time by different causes that
- [Data Governance Arrangements for Real-World Evidence: South Korea](https://www.ohe.org/publications/data-governance-arrangements-real-world-evidence-south-korea/) - In 2015, OHE published a report which set out the core principles that should govern how Real-World Data (RWD) is accessed or generated, and used credibly to generate Real-World Evidence (RWE), thereby working toward a set of “international standards”1.
- [Interventions that Encourage High-value Nursing Home Care: Lessons for the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/interventions-encourage-high-value-nursing-home-care-lessons-uk/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Professor David Grabowski, which provided a health economics perspective on how payment and delivery interventions can encourage high-value nursing home care. It took lessons from the U.S. effort to encourage… This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Professor David Grabowski, which provided a health
- [A New Valuation Method: Directly Eliciting Personal Utility Functions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-valuation-method-directly-eliciting-personal-utility-functions/) - Standard methods for eliciting the preference data upon which value sets are based (e.g. time trade-off, standard gamble) generally have in common an aim to ‘uncover’ the preferences of survey respondents by asking them to evaluate a sub-set of health states. The responses… Standard methods for eliciting the preference data upon which value sets are based
- [Why Do Immigrants Report Lower Life Satisfaction?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/why-do-immigrants-report-lower-life-satisfaction/) - Questions of happiness and well-being have increasingly been drawing the attention of health economists, with the understanding that its measures approximate quality of life, or at any rate is one of its major components. Happiness in surveys is typically reported as a rating… Questions of happiness and well-being have increasingly been drawing the attention of
- [Ten Years of the NIHR: Achievements and Challenges for the Next Decade](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ten-years-nihr-achievements-and-challenges-next-decade/) - The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), created in April 2006, is a “virtual” organisation often referred to as the research arm of the NHS. It funds health and care research in the UK, translating discoveries into practical products, treatments, devices and procedures, involving patients and the public in all its work. The NIHR also
- [Incentives for New Drugs to Tackle Anti-Microbial Resistance](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incentives-new-drugs-tackle-anti-microbial-resistance/) - Resistance to antibiotics is growing, posing a major health risk in rich and poor countries. Additional ways of rewarding R&D are required. Mechanisms designed to encourage companies to undertake R&D on new medicines are generally characterised as either “push” or “pull” programs. Resistance to antibiotics is growing, posing a major health risk in rich and
- [‘Macro’ Evaluation of the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre](https://www.ohe.org/publications/macro-evaluation-nihr-oxford-biomedical-research-centre-0/) - The Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) was established in April 2007. OHE and RAND Europe were commissioned by the Oxford BRC to undertake a programme of top-down evaluations of aspects of the impact of the BRC since its inception. The Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) was established in April 2007. OHE and RAND Europe were
- [Additional Elements of Value for Health Technology Assessment Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/additional-elements-value-health-technology-assessment-decisions/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause
- [Age and Utilities: Issues for HTA](https://www.ohe.org/publications/age-and-utilities-issues-hta/) - Several studies have found differences in health state values by age. We investigate whether and how age affects respondents’ Time Trade-Off (TTO) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) valuations of hypothetical EQ-5D health states using data from the 1993 MVH UK valuation study. Several studies have found differences in health state values by age. We investigate
- [Assessing Value, Budget Impact and Affordability to Inform Discussions on Access and Reimbursement: Principles and Practice, with Special Reference to High Cost Technologies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-value-budget-impact-and-affordability-inform-discussions-access-and/) - The 2016 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur, 17th -18th November 2016. The topic of the meeting was: Assessing Value, Budget Impact and Affordability to Inform Discussions on Access and Reimbursement: Principles and Practice, with Special… The 2016 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held
- [How can HTA meet the needs of health system and government decision makers?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-can-hta-meet-needs-health-system-and-government-decision-makers/) - The 2015 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held in Singapore, 29th -30th October 2015. The topic of the meeting was: How can HTA meet the needs of health system and government decision makers? This report represents the background paper… The 2015 meeting of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting was held
- [Transferability of HTA](https://www.ohe.org/publications/transferability-hta/) - The second HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting (2014) was held in Manilla, 10th -11th June 2014. The topic of the meeting was: Transferability of HTA. This report represents the background paper for the meeting, as developed by OHE. HTA is a tool to… The second HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting (2014) was held in Manilla,
- [HTA and Decision Making in Asia: How can the available resources be used most effectively to deliver high quality HTA that can be used by health system decision makers?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hta-and-decision-making-asia-how-can-available-resources-be-used-most-effectively/) - The HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting 2013 was held in Seoul, 13th -14th June 2013. This was the first of several annual meetings of the HTAi Asia Policy Forum. The topic of the meeting was: How can the available resources be used most… The HTAi Asia Policy Forum meeting 2013 was held in Seoul, 13th
- [Gene Therapy: Understanding the Science, Assessing the Evidence, and Paying for Value](https://www.ohe.org/publications/gene-therapy-understanding-science-assessing-evidence-and-paying-value/) - This report presents an analysis of the significant clinical potential of gene therapy and the unique challenges in developing and evaluating evidence on their effectiveness and value. Special attention is given to pricing and payment mechanisms, including new approaches to payment based on… This report presents an analysis of the significant clinical potential of gene
- [Comparing Access to Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs) in the United Kingdom and other European countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/comparing-access-orphan-medicinal-products-omps-united-kingdom-and-other-european/) - The European Commission’s (EC) Orphan Medicinal Products Regulation intended to incentivise the research, development and marketing of new treatments for rare and chronically disabling or life-threatening diseases. Marketing authorisation granted to orphan medicinal products (OMPs) is however only the first step; patients have… The European Commission’s (EC) Orphan Medicinal Products Regulation intended to incentivise the
- [Comparing the UK EQ-5D-3L and the English EQ-5D-5L Value Sets](https://www.ohe.org/publications/comparing-uk-eq-5d-3l-and-english-eq-5d-5l-value-sets/) - Three EQ-5D value sets (the EQ-5D-3L, crosswalk and EQ-5D-5L) are now available for cost utility analysis in the UK and/or England. The value sets’ characteristics differ, and it is important to systematically assess the implications of these differences for the value generated. The… Three EQ-5D value sets (the EQ-5D-3L, crosswalk and EQ-5D-5L) are now available
- [What is the Normative Basis for Selecting the Measure of ‘Average’ Preferences for Use in Social Choices?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-normative-basis-selecting-measure-average-preferences-use-social-choices/) - The aim of this paper is to consider what normative arguments might exist for advocating the use of any given measure of the average in the context of health state values. We begin by providing examples of the importance and implications of the… The aim of this paper is to consider what normative arguments might
- [Exploring the Assessment and Appraisal of Regenerative Medicines and Cell Therapy Products: Is the NICE Approach Fit for Purpose?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-assessment-and-appraisal-regenerative-medicines-and-cell-therapy-products/) - In 2016 the University of York undertook a review exercise to determine whether NICE’s existing methods and processes are appropriate for assessment of regenerative medicines. The purpose of this OHE report is to explore this review exercise and to assess whether or not… In 2016 the University of York undertook a review exercise to determine
- [Delivering an Outcomes-based NHS:  Creating the Right Conditions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/delivering-outcomes-based-nhs-creating-right-conditions/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Dr Nicholas Hicks, Co-founder and Chief Executive of COBIC (Capitated Outcomes-Based Incentivised Care). Dr Hicks describes COBIC’s outcomes-centred approach that has been adopted by NHS services across England and that brings together commissioners, providers,… This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Dr Nicholas Hicks,
- [Policy Options for Formulary Development in Middle-income Countries: Mexico Case Study](https://www.ohe.org/publications/policy-options-formulary-development-middle-income-countries-mexico-case-study/) - PhRMA commissioned OHE Consulting to explore options and recommend methods that could help middle-income countries efficiently and effectively identify medicines for formulary inclusion. In a previous publication we presented a framework for developing medicines formularies which combines macro-level decision… PhRMA commissioned OHE Consulting to explore options and recommend methods that could help middle-income countries efficiently
- [Policy Options for Formulary Development in Middle-income Countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/policy-options-formulary-development-middle-income-countries/) - PhRMA commissioned OHE Consulting to explore options and recommend methods that could help middle-income countries efficiently and effectively identify medicines for formulary inclusion. This report presents a framework for developing medicines formularies which combines macro-level decision making factors (focusing on the… PhRMA commissioned OHE Consulting to explore options and recommend methods that could help middle-income countries efficiently and effectively
- [The Value of Knowing and Knowing the Value: Improving the Health Technology Assessment of Complementary Diagnostics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-knowing-and-knowing-value-improving-health-technology-assessment-complementary/) - “Complementary diagnostics” are defined as tests using biomarkers for risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and guiding therapeutic decisions. This White Paper presents a more comprehensive framework for considering their value contribution.
- [Important Aspects of Health Not Captured by EQ-5D: Views of the UK General Public](https://www.ohe.org/publications/important-aspects-health-not-captured-eq-5d-views-uk-general-public/) - This Research Paper reports the views of 179 members of the UK general public about important aspects of health that they consider to be missing from the five dimensions of the EQ-5D instrument.
- [Extrapolation from Progression-Free Survival to Overall Survival in Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/publications/extrapolation-progression-free-survival-overall-survival-oncology/) - This Research Paper reports on a literature review of trials using PFS as a surrogate for OS in oncology between 2012 and 2016; a workshop and interviews involving people from a regulatory agency (EMA) a “payer” organisation (NICE), academics, and from the member… This Research Paper reports on a literature review of trials using PFS
- [Applying a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Approach to Elicit Stakeholders’ Preferences in Italy. The Case of Obinutuzumab for Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (iNHL)](https://www.ohe.org/publications/applying-multi-criteria-decision-analysis-mcda-approach-elicit-stakeholders/) - Published paper using MCDA to obtain preferences on decision criteria across three stakeholder groups (patients, clinicians and payers) in Italy and to assess the value of obinutuzumab for rituximab-refractory iNHL.
- [An Analysis of NICE Technology Appraisal Decisions ‘Recommended in Line with Clinical Practice’](https://www.ohe.org/publications/analysis-nice-technology-appraisal-decisions-recommended-line-clinical-practice/) - This Research Paper explores decisions by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) that new technologies are to be recommended in line with clinical practice (RiLCP). The authors qualitatively assess documentation associated with RiLCP decisions to create a framework to describe common themes, and assess the level of patient access associated with each RiLCP decision.
- [Uncertainty and Risk in HTA Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/uncertainty-and-risk-hta-decision-making/) - The quality of decision-making in key public sector bodies dealing with resource allocation is a major determinant of their efficiency. One of the most difficult and contentious areas of decision-making is the way that uncertainty is dealt with.
- [The Distribution of the EQ-5D-5L Index in Patient Populations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/distribution-eq-5d-5l-index-patient-populations/) - EQ-5D data are often summarised by an EQ-5D index, whose distribution for its original version, the EQ-5D-3L, often shows two distinct groups in patient populations, arising from both the distribution of ill health and how the index is constructed. To date, there is… EQ-5D data are often summarised by an EQ-5D index, whose distribution for
- [Four Case Studies to Explore the Added Value of Oxford AHSN](https://www.ohe.org/publications/four-case-studies-explore-added-value-oxford-ahsn/) - The Oxford Academic Health Science Network (Oxford AHSN) wishes to demonstrate the value of the various projects and programmes that the network has developed and implemented since it was established in 2013.
- [Improving Efficiency and Resource Allocation in Future Cancer Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/improving-efficiency-and-resource-allocation-future-cancer-care/) - The economic burden that cancer poses on our society is staggering – 25 million years of healthy life lost, at cost of €126 billion including €52 billion in lost productivity – and continues to grow with the ageing of the population.… The economic burden that cancer poses on our society is staggering – 25 million
- [How Can Health Technology Assessments in the Asia-Pacific Area Respond to Increased Clinical Uncertainty as a Consequence of Expedited US and EU Regulatory Processes?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-can-health-technology-assessments-asia-pacific-area-respond-increased-clinical/) - This report provides a detailed summary of a panel session which took place at the HTAi 2016 annual meeting, Tokyo. The panel session was entitled “How Can HTA in Asia-Pacific Respond to Increased Clinical Uncertainty as a Consequence of Expedited US and EU… This report provides a detailed summary of a panel session which took
- [“New Age” Decision Making in HTA: Is It Applicable in Asia?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-age-decision-making-hta-it-applicable-asia/) - This report provides a detailed summary of a panel session which took place at the HTAi 2016 annual meeting in Tokyo. The panel session was entitled “New Age Decision Making in HTA: Is It Applicable in Asia?”. To open the session, David Grainger… This report provides a detailed summary of a panel session which took
- [Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector](https://www.ohe.org/publications/waiting-time-policies-health-sector/) - This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Professor Luigi Siciliani on waiting time policies in the health sector from an international perspective, and highlights which policies have worked well in the last decade in OECD countries. Professor Siciliani also touches on… This OHE Seminar Briefing summarises a seminar given by Professor Luigi Siciliani
- [A Review of NICE Methods Across Health Technology Assessment Programmes: Differences, Justifications and Implications](https://www.ohe.org/publications/review-nice-methods-across-health-technology-assessment-programmes-differences/) - NICE’s decisions exert an influence on the allocation of fixed NHS budgets, but decisions for different types of health interventions (for example drugs and devices) are handled via different ‘programmes’ within NICE. This research involved a systematic comparison of… NICE’s decisions exert an influence on the allocation of fixed NHS budgets, but decisions for different
- [Shaping the Research Agenda to Estimate Cost-effectiveness Thresholds for Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/shaping-research-agenda-estimate-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-decision-making/) - This report details the views of a selection of experts in the fields of health and welfare economics on the cost-effectiveness threshold used by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to decide which new medicines to recommend for use in… This report details the views of a selection of experts in the
- [Assessing Trends in SMC Advice Decisions (October 2009- September 2015)](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-trends-smc-advice-decisions-october-2009-september-2015/) - The objective of this OHE Consulting Report was to outline trends in Scottish Medicines Committee (SMC) advice decisions for medicines for the period October 2009 to September 2015. This report was initiated and funded by Pfizer Ltd. It specifically considers whether there were…… The objective of this OHE Consulting Report was to outline trends in Scottish
- [Valuing Health-Related Quality of Life: An EQ-5D-5L Value Set for England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/valuing-health-related-quality-life-eq-5d-5l-value-set-england/) - This paper reports the methods and findings from the EQ-5D-5L value set for England study. The value set is derived from the stated preference data of 996 members of the English general public. The study design followed… This paper reports the methods and findings from the EQ-5D-5L value set for England study. The value set
- [New Methods for Modelling EQ-5D-5L Value Sets: An Application to English Data](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-methods-modelling-eq-5d-5l-value-sets-application-english-data/) - This paper provides details of how the EQ-5D-5L value set was derived, focusing on the methods used to model the stated preference data. Results for different model specifications, and taking different interpretations of the data, are presented and discussed. This paper is intended… This paper provides details of how the EQ-5D-5L value set was derived,
- [Cost-per-QALY in the US and Britain: Damned if You Do and Damned if You Don’t](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cost-qaly-us-and-britain-damned-if-you-do-and-damned-if-you-dont/) - Professor Weinstein presents a comprehensive analysis of the differences in attitudes between the US and the UK around how cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) fits into the health care system. Professor Weinstein presents a comprehensive analysis of the differences in attitudes between the US and the UK around how cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) fits into the health care
- [Model of Behaviour within Fuzzy Budget Constraints](https://www.ohe.org/publications/model-behaviour-within-fuzzy-budget-constraints/) - This paper presents a model to capture the behaviour of health sector decision makers when making resource allocation decisions on the level and mix of healthcare production, while taking into consideration the maximum expenditure (budget) allowed by the government or the health system… This paper presents a model to capture the behaviour of health sector
- [Data Governance Arrangements for Real-World Evidence](https://www.ohe.org/publications/data-governance-arrangements-real-world-evidence/) - The objective of this OHE Consulting Report was to understand and develop a view on the core principles that should govern how Real-World Data (RWD) is accessed or generated, and used credibly to produce or generate Real-World Evidence (RWE), thereby working toward a set of “international standards”. The objective of this OHE Consulting Report was
- [Estimation of Future Cases of Dementia from Those Born in 2015](https://www.ohe.org/publications/estimation-future-cases-dementia-those-born-2015/) - The estimates of future cases of dementia are a result of work commissioned by Alzheimer’s Research UK. The estimates were based on three components:… The estimates of future cases of dementia are a result of work commissioned by Alzheimer’s Research UK. The estimates were based on three components: estimates of how many people born in
- [Multi-indication Pricing: Pros, Cons and Applicability to the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/multi-indication-pricing-pros-cons-and-applicability-uk/) - Multi-indication pricing (MIP) involves setting a different price for each major indication approved for a medicine. As value is likely to differ across major indications, if prices paid for on-patent medicines are to reflect their value, then multi-indication medicines should have different prices across major indication, reflecting different values. Multi-indication pricing (MIP) involves setting a
- [Incorporating Life-cycle Price Modelling into Pharmaceutical Cost-effectiveness Evaluations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incorporating-life-cycle-price-modelling-pharmaceutical-cost-effectiveness-evaluations/) - Why might the launch price of a new drug be a poor indicator of future expenditure for a drug? Which are the factors that determine the future prices and market shares of a drug? Understanding the answers to these questions can be crucial… Why might the launch price of a new drug be a poor
- [Improving the Fiscal and Political Sustainability of Health Systems through Integrated Population Needs-Based Planning](https://www.ohe.org/publications/improving-fiscal-and-political-sustainability-health-systems-through-integrated/) - It is often argued that the demands for increased healthcare expenditure arising from an ageing population, advancing technologies, and increasing expectations, warrant higher healthcare budgets. Professor Stephen Birch argues that this reactive approach is not sustainable, and that the perceived mismatch between resources… It is often argued that the demands for increased healthcare expenditure arising
- [International Comparison of Medicines Usage: Quantitative Analysis from a Swedish Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/international-comparison-medicines-usage-quantitative-analysis-swedish-perspective/) - The OHE undertook an analysis of the uptake of medicines in 13 high income countries. The UK perspective on this was published in November 2014 by the ABPI. OHE has been commissioned by LIF, the trade association of the pharmaceutical industry in Sweden, to reanalyse the international comparison of medicines uptake from the Swedish perspective;
- [International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI): Mapping of priority-setting in health in 17 low and middle countries across Asia, Latin America, and Africa](https://www.ohe.org/publications/international-decision-support-initiative-idsi-mapping-priority-setting-health-17-low/) - This mapping of priority-setting considers factors such as existence of HTA institutions and commitment to UHC (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Uruguay, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam). This mapping of priority-setting considers factors such as existence of HTA institutions and commitment to UHC (Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico,
- [A Framework for Payer Assessment of the Value of New Technologies: A US Approach](https://www.ohe.org/publications/framework-payer-assessment-value-new-technologies-us-approach/) - Dr Steven Pearson has convened a US policy workgroup of payers, drug and device manufacturers, patients’ groups, and clinician specialty societies to help develop a “value framework”. Dr Steven Pearson has convened a US policy workgroup of payers, drug and device manufacturers, patients’ groups, and clinician specialty societies to help develop a “value framework”. Payers
- [Assessing the Use of Multi-indication Medicines: A Review of Current Data Capabilities in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-use-multi-indication-medicines-review-current-data-capabilities-uk/) - A new OHE Consulting Report considers the data capabilities in the UK for monitoring medicine use according to indication using real world data. A new OHE Consulting Report considers the data capabilities in the UK for monitoring medicine use according to indication using real world data. Although the capabilities for data collection alongside routine clinical
- [Do Respondents Completing Abstract, Hypothetical Priority-setting Exercises Agree With the Policy Implications of Their Choices?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/do-respondents-completing-abstract-hypothetical-priority-setting-exercises-agree-policy/) - Stated preference studies are increasingly being used to understand people’s views about the relative importance of different criteria for making health care priority setting decisions. Stated preference studies are increasingly being used to understand people’s views about the relative importance of different criteria for making health care priority setting decisions. Stated preference studies are increasingly
- [An Investigation of the Feasibility and Cultural Appropriateness of Stated Preference Methods to Generate EQ-5D-5L Values in the United Arab Emirates](https://www.ohe.org/publications/investigation-feasibility-and-cultural-appropriateness-stated-preference-methods/) - No EQ-5D-5L value sets are currently available in the Middle East to inform decision making in the region’s health care systems. This study tests the feasibility of eliciting EQ-5D-5L values from a general public sample in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using the EuroQol Group’s standardised valuation protocol. No EQ-5D-5L value sets are currently available
- [Incentives to follow Best Practice in Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incentives-follow-best-practice-health-care/) - There has been long-standing interest in the use of incentives to encourage delivery of high-quality health care services at the lowest feasible cost. There has been long-standing interest in the use of incentives to encourage delivery of high-quality health care services at the lowest feasible cost. There has been long-standing interest in the use of
- [Universal Health Coverage: The Holy Grail?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/universal-health-coverage-holy-grail/) - The 21st OHE Annual Lecture was given Professor Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on the subject of Universal Health Coverage in low- and middle-income countries. The 21st OHE Annual Lecture was given Professor Anne Mills, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, on the subject of Universal Health Coverage in low-
- [Comparative and Relative Effectiveness:  A Challenge For Health Systems, Regulators, or Pharmaceutical Companies?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/comparative-and-relative-effectiveness-challenge-health-systems-regulators-or/) - This OHE Occasional Paper by Adrian Towse discusses Professor Bengt Jönsson’s observations in a 2011 publication about the role of relative effectiveness research (RE) in the European medicines market and how this could lead to improved efficiency in the development of medicines, the pricing and use of medicines, and of health systems. This OHE Occasional
- [Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Health Economics Report](https://www.ohe.org/publications/obstructive-sleep-apnoea-health-economics-report/) - Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep because of a narrowing or closure of the pharyngeal airway. Untreated OSA can result in daytime sleepiness that affects cognitive function, mood and quality of life and can increase the risks of road traffic, work-related accidents and cardiovascular disease and strokes. Obstructive sleep
- [What Determines the Shape of an EQ-5D Index Distribution?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-determines-shape-eq-5d-index-distribution/) - The EQ-5D is one of the most used health-related quality of life instruments worldwide. Understanding the characteristics of its underlying data is essential. In this paper, OHE’s Nancy Devlin and Yan Feng join David Parkin from King’s College London in analyzing characteristics of… The EQ-5D is one of the most used health-related quality of life
- [Exploring the Interdependencies of Research Funders in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-interdependencies-research-funders-uk/) - As earlier OHE research has demonstrated, sources of funding for medical research—public, charity and private sector—are complementary, not duplicative. The three sectors also differ in their approaches. As a result, decreased funding from one would not only reduce the overall financing available, but also change the nature of the research effort overall. This is a
- [Opportunity Costs of Implementing NICE Decisions in NHS Wales](https://www.ohe.org/publications/opportunity-costs-implementing-nice-decisions-nhs-wales/) - This new research from the OHE examines how Local Health Boards (LHBs) in Wales adjust spending to meet the statutory requirement of providing access to technologies recommended by NICE within three months after NICE publishes a Technology Appraisal (TA). Based on interviews with… This new research from the OHE examines how Local Health Boards (LHBs)
- [The Trajectory of Dementia in the UK - Making a Difference](https://www.ohe.org/publications/trajectory-dementia-uk-making-difference/) - Alzheimer’s Research UK commissioned OHE Consulting to model the incidence and cost of dementia in the UK and the potential impact of better treatment. The analyses estimate the extent of the substantial reductions in health and social care costs that are possible to 2050. Alzheimer’s Research UK commissioned OHE Consulting to model the incidence and
- [The Expanding Value Footprint of Oncology Treatments](https://www.ohe.org/publications/expanding-value-footprint-oncology-treatments/) - This report examines the importance and history of HTA evaluations for additional uses for cancer drugs after their initial approval. Included are the ten cancer drugs approved by the EMA during 2003–2005. Decisions by France’s HAS, NICE and Aetna in the US are analysed.
- [What is the Role of HTA for Biosimilars?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-role-hta-biosimilars/) - This Briefing summarises the results of a roundtable convened by OHE to discuss using HTA to assess biosimilars – including which methods are most appropriate in specific situations. Participating were ten experts: leading academics and representatives from the UK medicines regulatory agency, the three… This Briefing summarises the results of a roundtable convened by OHE to
- [The Current Drug Development Paradigm: Responding to US and European Demands for Evidence of Comparative Effectiveness and Relative Effectiveness](https://www.ohe.org/publications/current-drug-development-paradigm-responding-us-and-european-demands-evidence/) - The project reported in this Occasional Paper was intended to determine how changing demands for evidence are affecting drug development in five global pharmaceutical companies: Amgen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis. A literature review helped elucidate concepts and define focus. The authors then… The project reported in this Occasional Paper was intended to determine how
- [Real Option Value and Path Dependence in Oncology Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/real-option-value-and-path-dependence-oncology-innovation/) - Based on an OHE Lunchtime Seminar, this publication addresses a persistent issue: how to adequately reward innovation through the pricing of new medicines given the limitations of the information available at launch. As the author points out, oncology drugs in particular often follow the… Based on an OHE Lunchtime Seminar, this publication addresses a persistent issue:
- [Can the US Afford to Ignore Cost-effectiveness Evidence?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/can-us-afford-ignore-cost-effectiveness-evidence/) - Cost-effectiveness analysis plays a limited role in US health care compared to many other countries. In this Seminar Briefing, Dr James Chambers, Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health at Tufts Medical Center, considers the current use of cost-effectiveness analysis… Cost-effectiveness analysis plays a limited role in US health care compared to
- [Projecting Expenditure on Medicines in the NHS: Second Edition](https://www.ohe.org/publications/projecting-expenditure-medicines-nhs-second-edition-0/) - The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) 2014 Heads of Agreement, announced on 6 November 2013, outlines the terms of the five-year deal between the pharmaceuctical industry and the government in the UK. For the first time, the PPRS caps future growth in… The Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) 2014 Heads of Agreement, announced on 6
- [Contracting for Quality in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/contracting-quality-nhs/) - This monograph, based on Professor Maynard’s remarks at the 20th OHE Annual Lecture, explores the critical issue of ensuring the quality of care in the NHS. The lecture was delivered just five months after release of the Francis Report, which was the result… This monograph, based on Professor Maynard’s remarks at the 20th OHE Annual
- [Searching for Cost-effectiveness Thresholds in NHS Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/publications/searching-cost-effectiveness-thresholds-nhs-scotland/) - This research examines the use of QALY thresholds in NHS Scotland in 2012-13 for health services that were “at the margin”, i.e. those for which investment or disinvestment was planned or occurred. The study was based on information from three sources: public information… This research examines the use of QALY thresholds in NHS Scotland in 2012-13
- [Critique of CHE Research Paper 81: Methods for the Estimation of the NICE Cost Effectiveness Threshold](https://www.ohe.org/publications/critique-che-research-paper-81-methods-estimation-nice-cost-effectiveness-threshold/) - This paper counters the recently-published recommendation by Claxton et al[1] that NICE should lower its cost-per-QALY threshold from the current £20,000–£30,000 official range to £12,936. The Claxton et al paper is an excellent attempt at answering a difficult question, based on a detailed… This paper counters the recently-published recommendation by Claxton et al[1] that NICE
- [The Influence of Cost-effectiveness and Other Factors on NICE Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/influence-cost-effectiveness-and-other-factors-nice-decisions/) - In this Research Paper, the authors explore which factors have most influenced NICE decisions from 1999 through the end of 2011. The research has two objectives: identifying the influence of cost-effectiveness and other factors on NICE decisions, and investigating whether NICE’s decision making… In this Research Paper, the authors explore which factors have most influenced
- [OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ohe-guide-uk-health-and-health-care-statistics/) - This publication provides both up-to-date statistics and a guide to finding and using health statistics from the UK and, to some extent, other OECD countries. Data are presented in easy-to-read tables and figures. The OHE Guide helps answer these important questions:… This publication provides both up-to-date statistics and a guide to finding and using health statistics from
- [Health Economics: An Introduction to Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-economics-introduction-economic-evaluation/) - Since the second edition of this publication appeared in 2002, economic evaluation of new medical technologies as a basis for decisions about their use has expanded to an increasing number of countries and types of technology. At the same time, the methods themselves… Since the second edition of this publication appeared in 2002, economic evaluation
- [The challenges and economics of drug development in 2022](https://www.ohe.org/publications/challenges-and-economics-drug-development-2022/) - Based on OHE’s 50th anniversary conference, this publication captures the views of thought leaders from around the world about the scientific and economic climate for drug development by 2022. Four major themes stood out in the conference discussions, as reported in this publication.… Based on OHE’s 50th anniversary conference, this publication captures the views of
- [A Study of the Relationship Between Health and Subjective Well-being in Parkinson's Disease Patients](https://www.ohe.org/publications/study-relationship-between-health-and-subjective-well-being-parkinsons-disease-patients/) - Significantly increases of wealth and health in the Western world over the past 50 years do not appear to have produced an equivalent increase in societal happiness, at least not using traditional measures. As a result, policy makers now are looking more closely… Significantly increases of wealth and health in the Western world over the
- [What constitutes credible evidence of effectiveness](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-constitutes-credible-evidence-effectiveness/) - In this monograph based his remarks at the 19th OHE Annual Lecture, Professor Sir Michael Rawlins examines the standards of proof required to show the effectiveness of a medical therapy. He traces the historical development of inductive and deductive approaches in science, discussing… In this monograph based his remarks at the 19th OHE Annual Lecture,
- [Exploring the link between health and wealth in decision making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-link-between-health-and-wealth-decision-making/) - Is the Link Between Health and Wealth Considered in Decision Making? Results from a Qualitative Study Is the Link Between Health and Wealth Considered in Decision Making? Results from a Qualitative Study Traditionally, decision makers both within and outside the health sector have thought of the value of health interventions primarily in terms of reduced
- [Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Value Orphan Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/publications/multi-criteria-decision-analysis-value-orphan-medicines/) - The purpose of this research is to identify the attributes to include in a value framework for orphan medicinal products (OMPs), determine their relative importance using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) process, and test whether an MCDA approach can support decision… The purpose of this research is to identify the attributes to include in a
- [Projecting Expenditure on Medicines in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/projecting-expenditure-medicines-nhs/) - Medicines account for less than 10% of total NHS expenditure in the UK. Because spending on medicines is easy to separate out, however, this sector continues to come under particular scrutiny in efforts to manage costs. Forecasting spending on medicines can be useful… Medicines account for less than 10% of total NHS expenditure in the
- [The Effect of Free Personal Care for the Elderly on Informal Caregiving](https://www.ohe.org/publications/effect-free-personal-care-elderly-informal-caregiving/) - Forecasters predict that the population of people aged 65+ in the UK will double by 2050, constituting a quarter of the total population. This will seriously challenge the NHS and the social care system. The ageing population is expensive: average NHS spending on… Forecasters predict that the population of people aged 65+ in the UK
- [Understanding Social Preferences Regarding the Prioritisation of Treatments Addressing Unmet Need and Severity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-social-preferences-regarding-prioritisation-treatments-addressing-unmet/) - The UK Government is proposing to include “burden of illness” criteria in its scheme for value based pricing of branded medicines, potentially according higher rewards to medicines that treat more burdensome diseases. The 2010 Consultation Document includes a definition of burden of illness that… The UK Government is proposing to include “burden of illness” criteria in
- [Valuing Health at the End of Life: A Stated Preference Discrete Choice Experiment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/valuing-health-end-life-stated-preference-discrete-choice-experiment/) - In 2009, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued supplementary advice that its Appraisal Committees are to consider when assessing treatments that extend life at the end of life. This includes an option for approving such treatments for use… In 2009, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
- [The R&D Cost of a New Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/publications/rd-cost-new-medicine/) - The cost of R&D for a successful new medicine has been an important policy issue at least since the 1960s. Cost estimates matter not just because of intellectual curiosity or for industry understanding of its performance, but because they are a key aspect… The cost of R&D for a successful new medicine has been an
- [The Humble Economist: Tony Culyer on Health, Health Care and Social Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/humble-economist-tony-culyer-health-health-care-and-social-decision-making/) - The Humble Economist is an outstanding collection of the most important essays by Prof Tony Culyer, a founding father of health economics. It distils a powerful set of ideas that have profoundly influenced health policy and decision making, and shows how reason and… The Humble Economist is an outstanding collection of the most important essays
- [Value Based Pricing in Sweden: Lessons for Design?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/value-based-pricing-sweden-lessons-design/) - In this Seminar Briefing, Ulf Persson recounts Sweden’s experience with its approach to value based pricing (VBP). The model is a flexible approach that gives weight to cost-offsets outside the health sector and emphasises both encouraging innovation and enhancing access through such options… In this Seminar Briefing, Ulf Persson recounts Sweden’s experience with its approach
- [Causes of Death: A Study of a Century of Change in England and Wales](https://www.ohe.org/publications/causes-death-study-century-change-england-and-wales/) - This Briefing extends to 2007 Thomas McKeown’s well-known analysis of changes in life expectancy in England during 1901-1971. It finds that mortality continued to decline after 1971, but that the causes of death have changed. McKeown attributed the 30-year increase in life expectancy that… This Briefing extends to 2007 Thomas McKeown’s well-known analysis of changes in
- [International Comparisons of Medicines Prices: 2011 Indices](https://www.ohe.org/publications/international-comparisons-medicines-prices-2011-indices/) - Since 1996, in its yearly PPRS Report to Parliament, the Department of Health in England has published international price comparisons of branded medicines used in the primary care setting. OHE Consulting uses the same methodology in this report to update comparisons through 2011. Since 1996, in its yearly PPRS Report to Parliament, the Department of
- [Is There a Productivity Crisis in Pharmaceutical R&D?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/there-productivity-crisis-pharmaceutical-rd/) - This Seminar Briefing recounts the key points made by Prof Riccaboni, from the University of Trento, at a recent OHE Lunchtime Seminar. It focuses primarily on the reasons for a decline since 2000 in the average number of new drugs launched per year… This Seminar Briefing recounts the key points made by Prof Riccaboni, from
- [The Many Faces of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/many-faces-innovation/) - This report provides a clear explanation of the nature of innovation in medicines. A fully revised and expanded version of the 2005 edition, it updates the literature review of the economics of innovation, traces important innovation that has occurred since 2005, adds new… This report provides a clear explanation of the nature of innovation in medicines.
- [Can and Should Value Based Pricing Be Applied to Molecular Diagnostics?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/can-and-should-value-based-pricing-be-applied-molecular-diagnostics/) - Diagnostics not only facilitate health gain and cost savings, but also provide information to inform patients’ decisions on interventions and to clarify how their behaviour may affect their health. Current pricing and reimbursement systems for diagnostics, however, are not efficient and provide poor incentives… Diagnostics not only facilitate health gain and cost savings, but also provide
- [The Tougher the Better: The Effect of an Increased Performance Threshold on the Performance of General Practitioners](https://www.ohe.org/publications/tougher-better-effect-increased-performance-threshold-performance-general-practitioners/) - In April 2006, payment thresholds were raised for GPs who participate in Scotland’s Ouality and Outcomes Framework. GPs were required to meet new, higher thresholds on some indicators to receive maximum levels of payment. In this paper, OHE’s Yan Feng and her colleagues… In April 2006, payment thresholds were raised for GPs who participate in
- [Assessing the Performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs Programme](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessing-performance-eq-vas-nhs-proms-programme/) - The NHS Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme, introduced in April 2009, is a significant development in the routine collection and use of patient reported outcome data. Data currently are collected for patients both before and after surgery for four elective surgical procedures… The NHS Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) programme, introduced in April 2009,
- [The Use of Pay-for-Performance for Drugs: Can It Improve Incentives for Innovation?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/use-pay-performance-drugs-can-it-improve-incentives-innovation/) - Interest is growing in schemes that involve “paying for pills by results”, that is, “paying for performance” rather than merely “paying for pills”. Despite its intuitive appeal, this approach is highly controversial and is disliked by many health care providers, policy makers, and… Interest is growing in schemes that involve “paying for pills by results”,
- [Report of the Office of Health Economics Commission on Competition in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/report-office-health-economics-commission-competition-nhs/) - This report is based on the deliberations of the OHE Commission on Competition that was assembled in early 2011 “to consider the circumstances where competition between providers of health care might be both feasible and expected to yield benefits, and where not.” The… This report is based on the deliberations of the OHE Commission on
- [Time Trends in NICE HTA Decisions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/time-trends-nice-hta-decisions/) - According to the 1999 UK Department of Health consultation document, the fundamental purpose of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was to reduce inequalities in access to innovative care and ensure more rapid access to medicines identified as being of… According to the 1999 UK Department of Health consultation document, the fundamental
- [Critical Review of the Quality and Competition Measures and Identification Strategies Used in Health Care Studies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/critical-review-quality-and-competition-measures-and-identification-strategies-used/) - Prepared as background for the OHE Commission on Competition, this paper provides an overview of the published literature detailing the links between quality and competition in health care systems. It finds that most empirical research to date has focused on aspects of competition and… Prepared as background for the OHE Commission on Competition, this paper provides an
- [Valuing Health at the End of Life: An Exploratory Preference Elicitation Study](https://www.ohe.org/publications/valuing-health-end-life-exploratory-preference-elicitation-study/) - In 2009, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued supplementary advice that its Appraisal Committees are to consider when assessing treatments that extend life at the end of life. This includes an option for approving such treatments for use… In 2009, the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
- [Health and the Use of Medicines in Primary Care in Wales](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-and-use-medicines-primary-care-wales/) - In this, report commissioned by the ABPI in Wales, OHE Consulting examines the use of medicines in primary care in Wales since 2000 compared to the other countries of the UK. In this, report commissioned by the ABPI in Wales, OHE Consulting examines the use of medicines in primary care in Wales since 2000 compared
- [Willingness to Pay and Publicly Funded Health Care: Contradiction in Terms?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/willingness-pay-and-publicly-funded-health-care-contradiction-terms/) - Because health care resources always are scarce, decisions about what (and what not) to pay for cannot be avoided. Deciding how to value health and aspects of health care continue to be the subject of much debate. In this Briefing, Prof Donaldson takes a thorough… Because health care resources always are scarce, decisions about what (and what
- [Summary Report of the OHE/EFPIA Antibacterial Roundtable](https://www.ohe.org/publications/summary-report-oheefpia-antibacterial-roundtable/) - Antibacterial drug resistance is a serious and growing worldwide problem that threatens our ability to cure traditionally treatable diseases and to successfully perform numerous surgical procedures that rely on antibacterials. The current situation is due primarily to two causes: inappropriate use in humans… Antibacterial drug resistance is a serious and growing worldwide problem that threatens
- [The Effect of an Increase in the Rate of Payment on General Practitioner's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/effect-increase-rate-payment-general-practitioners-intrinsic-and-extrinsic-motivation/) - This paper investigates how the increased rate of Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) payments implemented on 1 April 2005 affects Scottish general practitioners’ (GPs) intrinsic, extrinsic and overall motivation. A first difference method is used to model GPs’ intrinsic and overall motivation. The… This paper investigates how the increased rate of Quality and Outcomes Framework
- [Using Happiness to Value Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/using-happiness-value-health/) - In this new report, Prof Paul Dolan provides an accessible guide into the latest developments in happiness research as they apply to the valuation of health. This report considers the degree to which happiness data can overcome some of the well-known problems with… In this new report, Prof Paul Dolan provides an accessible guide into
- [Operationalising Value Based Pricing of Medicines: A Taxonomy of Approaches](https://www.ohe.org/publications/operationalising-value-based-pricing-medicines-taxonomy-approaches/) - Recent reforms to the National Health Service (NHS) in England include important changes in the regulation of prices for new medicines. From January 2014, the existing Pharmaceutical Pricing Regulation Scheme (PPRS) will be replaced by “value based pricing” (VBP) for branded medicines sold… Recent reforms to the National Health Service (NHS) in England include important
- [OHE Guide to UK Health and Health Care Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ohe-guide-uk-health-and-health-care-statistics-0/) - Please note: an updated version of this publication is available here. This publication provides both up-to-date statistics and a guide to finding and using health statistics from the UK and, to some extent, other OECD countries. Data are presented in easy to… Please note: an updated version of this publication is available here . This
- [Achieving World Class Outcomes in Cancer Treatment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/achieving-world-class-outcomes-cancer-treatment/) - The speaker for the OHE’s 16th Annual Lecture was Sir Mike Richards, National Clinical Director for Cancer and End of Life Care in England’s Department of Health. In his presentation, Prof Richards addressed five questions about the NHS achieving world class outcomes in… The speaker for the OHE’s 16th Annual Lecture was Sir Mike Richards,
- [Is the Aim of the Health Care System to Maximise QALYs? An Investigation of](https://www.ohe.org/publications/aim-health-care-system-maximise-qalys-investigation/) - The appraisal of health care technologies by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent (NICE) focuses on cost effectiveness, usually measured in terms of incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained. According to the findings presented in this Research… The appraisal of health care technologies by the UK’s National Institute for
- [New Drugs to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: Analysis of EU Policy Options](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-drugs-tackle-antimicrobial-resistance-analysis-eu-policy-options/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs is a natural and unavoidable consequence of treating infectious diseases. A growing global public health threat, AMR reduces the chances of successfully treating patients with infectious diseases, thereby increasing the probability of complications, morbidity and mortality. The World… Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs is a natural and unavoidable consequence of
- [Exploring the Interdependency between Public and Charitable Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/exploring-interdependency-between-public-and-charitable-medical-research/) - Continuing concern about the fiscal deficit makes it likely that government funding of health and medical research will remain under scrutiny. This OHE Consulting study, commissioned by Cancer Research UK, explores the interdependence between publicly funded and charity funded medical research. In particular,… Continuing concern about the fiscal deficit makes it likely that government funding
- [Incentives for R&D for New Antimicrobial Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incentives-rd-new-antimicrobial-drugs/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global public health threat and has begun to command attention from European and US policy makers. An initial focus on monitoring AMR and conserving existing treatments by cutting down on misuse has been complemented by moves… Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global public health threat and
- [Incorporating Multiple Criteria in HTA: Methods and Processes](https://www.ohe.org/publications/incorporating-multiple-criteria-hta-methods-and-processes/) - What a health care system should pay for depends, of course, on the health gain that results. Health technology assessment (HTA) and cost-effectiveness analysis have become the core for many such decisions, by NICE in the UK and by similar bodies elsewhere. Other… What a health care system should pay for depends, of course, on
- [Managing Poorly Performing Clinicians: The Value of Independent Help](https://www.ohe.org/publications/managing-poorly-performing-clinicians-value-independent-help/) - The UK’s National Clinical Assessment Agency (NCAS) is designed specifically to provide advice on performance issues, on request, to NHS organisations employing or contracting with doctors, pharmacists, and dentists. Currently, the NCAS is financed from central NHS funds, not from charges to NHS… The UK’s National Clinical Assessment Agency (NCAS) is designed specifically to provide
- [Pharmaceutical Pricing in Europe: Is Differential Pricing a Win-Win Solution?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceutical-pricing-europe-differential-pricing-win-win-solution/) - This paper examines the potentially positive impact of differential pricing in Europe and the overall negative effects of international reference pricing (IRP) measures. The authors point out that IRP actually encourages higher prices in lower-income countries, can delay marketing/patient access in lower-price countries,… This paper examines the potentially positive impact of differential pricing in Europe
- [The Evolution of HTA in Emerging Markets Health Care Systems: Analysis to Support a Policy Response](https://www.ohe.org/publications/evolution-hta-emerging-markets-health-care-systems-analysis-support-policy-response/) - This report examines and makes suggestions for the appropriate use of health technology assessment (HTA) in emerging markets. In particulary, it considers how the stage of development of the health care system affects the relevance and appropriate use of various types of HTA. The approach… This report examines and makes suggestions for the appropriate use of health
- [Priority Review Vouchers to Encourage Innovation for Neglected Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/publications/priority-review-vouchers-encourage-innovation-neglected-diseases/) - Priority Review Vouchers (PRVs) are awarded in the US to companies that gain approval there for a new drug for one of sixteen tropical diseases, under a law passed in 2007. The PRV entitles the holder to priority review by the FDA of… Priority Review Vouchers (PRVs) are awarded in the US to companies that
- [A Comparison of Alternative Variants of the Lead and Lag Time TTO](https://www.ohe.org/publications/comparison-alternative-variants-lead-and-lag-time-tto/) - OHE was awarded a UK Department of Health grant to further develop three aspects of health status indexes. Results of the second of these, advances in Time Trade Off (TTO) methodology, are reported in this OHE Research Paper. The aims of this research… OHE was awarded a UK Department of Health grant to further develop
- [Biosimilars: How Much Entry and Price Competition Will Result?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/biosimilars-how-much-entry-and-price-competition-will-result/) - This publication reports on a seminar intended to encourage further thought about the distinguishing characteristics of the market for biosimilars and the implications of these for potential savings. Economists and regulatory experts from the US and Europe were invited to describe their research… This publication reports on a seminar intended to encourage further thought about
- [Science Policy Research: Having an Impact on Policy?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/science-policy-research-having-impact-policy/) - Professor Ben Martin (Science and Technology Policy Studies at SPRU, University of Sussex) defines science policy research as ’economic, policy, management and organisational studies of science, technology and innovation (STI) with a view to providing useful inputs to decision-makers concerned with policies for… Professor Ben Martin (Science and Technology Policy Studies at SPRU, University of
- [Assessment of the Impact of Orphan Medicinal Products on the European Economy and Society](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessment-impact-orphan-medicinal-products-european-economy-and-society/) - This report examines the effect of the European Union’s 1999 Regulation on Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs) on the European economy and society. This study collected data on several indicators of activity, completed a confidential survey of companies developing OMP, concluded four case studies… This report examines the effect of the European Union’s 1999 Regulation on
- [Shedding the Pounds: Obesity Management, NICE Guidance and Bariatric Surgery in England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/shedding-pounds-obesity-management-nice-guidance-and-bariatric-surgery-england/) - In December 2006, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued guidance for preventing and managing overweight and obesit. Recommendations are step-wise, starting with lifestyle changes and progressing through medicine to bariatric surgery. The guidance recommends that patients considered for bariatric… In December 2006, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
- [The Publicly Funded Vaccines Market in Australia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/publicly-funded-vaccines-market-australia/) - This research reviews how vaccines other than for travel or influenza are evaluated, procured and delivered in Australia. It includes observations as to whether and how the economic assessment process differs for vaccines compared to curative pharmaceutical products and implications of central purchasing… This research reviews how vaccines other than for travel or influenza are
- [The Publicly Funded Vaccines Market in the UK](https://www.ohe.org/publications/publicly-funded-vaccines-market-uk/) - This research reviews how vaccines other than for travel or influenza are evaluated, procured and delivered in the UK. It includes observations as to whether and how the economic assessment process differs for vaccines compared to curative pharmaceutical products and the implications of… This research reviews how vaccines other than for travel or influenza are
- [Using QALYs in Cancer: Review of the Methodological Limitations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/using-qalys-cancer-review-methodological-limitations/) - Current methods for constructing quality adjusted life year (QALY) measurements may be deficient for cancer patients in three respects: descriptions of health state, valuation of health state, and the source of values upon which measures are based. Existing measures of health are either… Current methods for constructing quality adjusted life year (QALY) measurements may be
- [Researching the Relative Efficacy and Relative Effectiveness of Medicines across Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/researching-relative-efficacy-and-relative-effectiveness-medicines-across-europe/) - Ten member companies of the EFPIA HTA Task Force commissioned OHE consulting to provide research, data and analysis that would enable EFPIA both to support and develop its policy position and to contribute positively to the emerging dialogue around the development of HTA… Ten member companies of the EFPIA HTA Task Force commissioned OHE consulting
- [New Drugs to Tackle Antimicrobial Resistance: EU Policy Options](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-drugs-tackle-antimicrobial-resistance-eu-policy-options/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs, a natural and unavoidable consequence of treating infectious diseases, is a growing global public health threat. The EU Commission is to develop comprehensive proposals by the end of 2012 for addressing the situation. This Paper is meant to… Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to drugs, a natural and unavoidable consequence of treating
- [Enhancing the Benefits from Biomedical and Health Research Spillovers](https://www.ohe.org/publications/enhancing-benefits-biomedical-and-health-research-spillovers/) - Research spillovers may exist when research by one organisation creates increased output for other organisations that operate in the same or another sector of the economy. Both the mechanisms and the ultimate value of this transfer of ideas, knowledge or know-how still are… Research spillovers may exist when research by one organisation creates increased output
- [US Healthcare Reform: Monumental Health System Transformation or Fatally Flawed Compromise?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/us-healthcare-reform-monumental-health-system-transformation-or-fatally-flawed/) - The speaker for the OHE’s 17th Annual Lecture was Dr Alan Garber, Director both of Stanford University’s Center for Health Policy and its Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research at the School of Medicine. His remarks focused on the national health care… The speaker for the OHE’s 17th Annual Lecture was Dr Alan Garber,
- [Innovation in Medicines: Can We Value Progress?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovation-medicines-can-we-value-progress/) - Summarised in this publication are the main points and conclusions from a discussion facilitated by OHE that focused on innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Participants included representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, health technology assessment bodies and academic economists. Addressed in particular were the… Summarised in this publication are the main points and conclusions from a
- [Getting the Most out of PROMs: Putting Health Outcomes at the Heart of NHS Decision-Making](https://www.ohe.org/publications/getting-most-out-proms-putting-health-outcomes-heart-nhs-decision-making/) - In 2009, the English NHS began collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for four elective procedures. Using a series of structured questions that ask patients about their health from their point of view, PROMs are intended to enable the patient perspective to inform decision-making… In 2009, the English NHS began collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for
- [Measuring Health Output, Productivity and Equity: Future Challenges](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measuring-health-output-productivity-and-equity-future-challenges/) - Why, whether and how to measure health outputs, productivity and equity in the UK was the focus of the OHE’s 15th Annual Lecture, given by Prof Tony Atkinson. Health was a key aspect of the 2004-5 Review he completed for the Office of… Why, whether and how to measure health outputs, productivity and equity in
- [Access Mechanisms for Orphan Drugs: A Comparative Study of Selected European Countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/access-mechanisms-orphan-drugs-comparative-study-selected-european-countries/) - This study compares pricing and reimbursement (P&R) policy for 43 orphan medicinal products (OMPs) across seven EU Member States: France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Examined in particular are the standards of evidence and the criteria for P&R decisions,… This study compares pricing and reimbursement (P&R) policy for 43 orphan medicinal
- [Why Should Economic Evaluations of Medical Innovations Have a Societal Perspective?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/why-should-economic-evaluations-medical-innovations-have-societal-perspective/) - In this Briefing, five leading European experts in health economics provide a comprehensive international review of changes in health economic evaluation and the reasons for them. The authors express concern that the basis for health care decision making today has evolved away from… In this Briefing, five leading European experts in health economics provide a
- [Forward Together: Complementarity of Public and Charitable Research with Respect to Private Research Spending](https://www.ohe.org/publications/forward-together-complementarity-public-and-charitable-research-respect-private/) - The debate continues as to whether public/charitable research replaces private research that otherwise would have occurred, or stimulates additional private research, or does neither. Given the extent of public and charitable biomedical research, the debate is particularly intense. This report is based on… The debate continues as to whether public/charitable research replaces private research that
- [How Fair? Competition between Independent and NHS Providers to Supply Non-Emergency Hospital Care to NHS Patients in England](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-fair-competition-between-independent-and-nhs-providers-supply-non-emergency/) - Written while Labour Government policies still were in force, this Briefing clearly and thoroughly examines non-discretionary cost differences between public and independent providers that may have a serious impact on the effectiveness of competition. Four key differences are identified: corporation tax, value added… Written while Labour Government policies still were in force, this Briefing clearly
- [Deliberative Processes in Decisions about Health Care Technologies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/deliberative-processes-decisions-about-health-care-technologies/) - In the UK and elsewhere, choices about how to allocate health care resources are guided not only by economic calculations, but also by social value judgments such as those relating to equity and fairness. Factors such as uncertainty around key values, operational feasibility… In the UK and elsewhere, choices about how to allocate health care
- [American Exceptionalism and American Health Care: Implications for the US Debate on Cost-Effectiveness Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/american-exceptionalism-and-american-health-care-implications-us-debate-cost/) - Coined by the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville in the early nineteenth century, the term ’American exceptionalism’ refers to the idea that the US is different from other developed nations because of its unique origins, evolution, and institutions. The concept has been debated… Coined by the French historian Alexis de Tocqueville in the early nineteenth
- [The Impact of Health Technology Assessment on Drug Development](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-health-technology-assessment-drug-development/) - Health technology assessment (HTA) has become a critical basis for pricing and reimbursement decision-making worldwide. In some countries, extensive requirements for data are set out in guidances or regulation and apply to all new prescription medicines; in others, HTA is required of industry… Health technology assessment (HTA) has become a critical basis for pricing and
- [Assessment and Appraisal of Oncology Medicines: NICE's Approach and International HTA Experience](https://www.ohe.org/publications/assessment-and-appraisal-oncology-medicines-nices-approach-and-international-hta/) - Lower usage of cancer medicines in the UK compared to other countries has created questions, including whether the current approach by NICE to assessing cancer medicines is an important factor in lower use in the UK. This Report is based on both a… Lower usage of cancer medicines in the UK compared to other countries
- [Compendium of Health Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/compendium-health-statistics/) - The annual OHE Compendium of Health Statistics is the one-stop statistical information source on population and health trends in the UK, and the changing finances and structure of the NHS. Compiled independently by the OHE, it draws together data from a variety of… The annual OHE Compendium of Health Statistics is the one-stop statistical information
- [QALYs versus Experience: A Perspective from Experimental Economics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/qalys-versus-experience-a-perspective-from-experimental-economics/) - OHE’s 14th Annual Lecture was delivered by Professor Daniel Kahneman, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work integrating insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty. His focus in the lecture was on whether and how the utility of health states can
- [NHS Outcomes, Performance and Productivity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nhs-outcomes-performance-and-productivity/) - OHE established a Commission on NHS Outcomes, Performance and Productivity. It's overall conclusion was that the collection and use of outcomes measures in the NHS is both practical and essential.
- [Medical Research: What's It Worth?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medical-research-whats-it-worth/) - Understanding the nature, extent and processes involved in the return on investment in medical research has been largely neglected as an area of serious scientific study. This report is the outcome of a one-year study commissioned by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences,… Understanding the nature, extent and processes involved in the return on investment
- [New Guidelines for Economic Evaluation in Germany and the United Kingdom: Are We Any Closer to Developing International Standards?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-guidelines-economic-evaluation-germany-and-united-kingdom-are-we-any-closer/) - Australia was the first, in 1993, to make economic evaluation an important component of its decisions about reimbursement of drugs. Since then, several jurisdictions have followed suit. Decision-making authorities (e.g., ministries of health or health technology assessment agencies) usually issue methodological guidelines for… Australia was the first, in 1993, to make economic evaluation an important
- [The Market for Biosimilars: Evolution and Policy Options](https://www.ohe.org/publications/market-biosimilars-evolution-and-policy-options/) - The authors point out that biopharmaceuticals are more complex agents than conventional chemical entities and therefore are more difficult to replicate after patent expiry. Off-patent versions of the originator product, moreover, cannot rely on a simple demonstration of chemical comparability; they are best… The authors point out that biopharmaceuticals are more complex agents than conventional
- [Health Care Services and the Single European Market](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-services-and-single-european-market/) - In 2008, the European Commission published a proposal for a Directive on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border health care. This followed two 1998 landmark rulings of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) that appeared to affirm the right of patients to… In 2008, the European Commission published a proposal for a Directive on
- [Sixty Years of the NHS: Changes in Demographics, Expenditure, Workforce and Family Services](https://www.ohe.org/publications/sixty-years-nhs-changes-demographics-expenditure-workforce-and-family-services/) - This series of articles celebrates the 60th anniversary of the UK National Health service (NHS). The series shows how certain areas associated with health have changed over the period. Based primarily on information available in the OHE’s Compendium of Health Statistics, the articles… This series of articles celebrates the 60th anniversary of the UK National
- [Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Benefit-Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals from an Economic Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/challenges-and-opportunities-improving-benefit-risk-assessment-pharmaceuticals-economic/) - This Briefing reports the discussions of a group of experts at an OHE workshop on the benefit-risk assessments of drugs. The objective was to identify how particular tools and methods used in economic analysis and the decision sciences might improve the methodologies that… This Briefing reports the discussions of a group of experts at an
- [Applied Econometrics for Health Economists: A Practical Guide](https://www.ohe.org/publications/applied-econometrics-health-economists-practical-guide/) - Available from Radcliffe publishing: https://www.radcliffe-oxford.com/books/bookdetail.aspx?ISBN=1846191718 Published in association with the Office of Health Economics Applied Econometrics for Help Economists introduces readers to the appropriate econometric techniques for use with different forms of survey data, known collectively as microeconomics. The book provides a… Available from Radcliffe publishing: https://www.radcliffe-oxford.com/books/bookdetail.aspx?ISBN=1846191718 Published in association with the Office of Health Economics Applied
- [European Medicines Pricing and Reimbursement: Now and the Future](https://www.ohe.org/publications/european-medicines-pricing-and-reimbursement-now-and-future/) - Available from Radcliffe publishing: https://www.radcliffe-oxford.com/books/bookdetail.aspx?ISBN=184619184X Published in association with the Office of Health Economics this book is a vital, non-technical guide illuminating recent developments within the five major European pharmaceutical markets. It clearly explains pharmaceutical regulatory policies and pricing and reimbursement, and… Available from Radcliffe publishing: https://www.radcliffe-oxford.com/books/bookdetail.aspx?ISBN=184619184X Published in association with the Office of Health
- [The New Global Economics of Vaccines: Will the Scientific Potential Be Realised?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-global-economics-vaccines-will-scientific-potential-be-realised/) - For the purposes of defining the economic and policy issues facing the vaccine industry, the comments made here are based largely on the experience in the US, but with some discussion of the global vaccines environment. Almost every paper in the literature on… For the purposes of defining the economic and policy issues facing the
- [The Economics of Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economics-health-care/) - For over a decade, the OHE website included a popular interactive e-source, The Economics of Health Care, focusing on the UK and aimed at post-16 students of economic courses. Because the details of how the NHS is organised have changed considerably, we have moved this material to the archive. We continue to make them available
- [Donor Investment Choices: Modeling the Value for Money of Investing in Product Development, Public Private Parnerships as Compared to Other Health Care and Non-Health Care Interventions](https://www.ohe.org/publications/donor-investment-choices-modeling-value-money-investing-product-development-public/) - Objective To model the cost-effectiveness for donors of investing in R&D projects into global diseases via public private partnerships for product development (PD PPPs). Methods We modelled the R&D process for drug and vaccine development projects in HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB using a… Objective To model the cost-effectiveness for donors of investing in R&D projects
- [Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance](https://www.ohe.org/publications/saving-lives-buying-time-economics-malaria-drugs-age-resistance/) - This Annual Lecture took place on the 10 November 2005 at the Royal College of Physicians and was presented by Kenneth Arrow and Richard Peto.… This Annual Lecture took place on the 10 November 2005 at the Royal College of Physicians and was presented by Kenneth Arrow and Richard Peto.
- [Three Challenges to Achieving Better Analysis for Better Decisions: Generalisability, Complexity and Thresholds](https://www.ohe.org/publications/three-challenges-achieving-better-analysis-better-decisions-generalisability-complexity/) - In June 2006, a conference entitled Better Analysis for Better Decisions: Bridging the Gap Between Economic Evaluation and Healthcare Decision-Making was held at McMaster University in honour of the late Bernie O’Brien. The papers presented by leading health economists were reviews of the… In June 2006, a conference entitled Better Analysis for Better Decisions: Bridging
- [Economic Post-Launch Studies: Matching the Desirable with the Feasible](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-post-launch-studies-matching-desirable-feasible/) - Whilst companies routinely conduct post-marketing surveillance studies to collect data on adverse events, the focus of this report is on ‘post-launch’ studies conducted to collect information about health outcomes, including pharmacoeconomics data. By ‘post-launch’, we mean that they are undertaken after a drug… Whilst companies routinely conduct post-marketing surveillance studies to collect data on adverse
- [The Faces of Regulation: Profit and Price Regulation of the UK Pharmaceutical Industry after the 1998 Competition Act](https://www.ohe.org/publications/faces-regulation-profit-and-price-regulation-uk-pharmaceutical-industry-after-1998/) - This Briefing discusses, inter alia, the role of the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in competition cases affecting the pharmaceutical industry. It does so in the context of a discussion of “ex ante” versus “ex post” approaches to regulation. This refers to the… This Briefing discusses, inter alia, the role of the Office of Fair
- [Health Systems Performance Assessment](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-systems-performance-assessment/) - Annual lecture by Christopher Murray, who speaks in the UK about the work on health systems performance assessment (HSPA) at the World Health Organization. He gives some reflections on this work and traces some implications for the UK. These reflections are based on five years of work involving a large number of researchers and policy
- [The Many Faces of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/many-faces-innovation-0/) - The Office of Health Economics (OHE) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (registered number 09848965) and its registered office is at 2nd Floor Goldings House, Hay’s Galleria, 2 Hay’s Lane, London, SE1 2HB.
- [Childhood and Adolescent Mental Health: Understanding the Lifetime Impacts](https://www.ohe.org/publications/childhood-and-adolescent-mental-health-understanding-lifetime-impacts/) - I suspect most of us who have had anything to do with the issues surrounding young people’s mental health believe that resolving issues in early life is important to mental health and social functioning in later life. We might articulate this in different… I suspect most of us who have had anything to do with
- [Activity Based Funding for Hospitals: English Policy, International Experience](https://www.ohe.org/publications/activity-based-funding-hospitals-english-policy-international-experience/) - The material in this book is drawn from presentations and discussions at the conference “New Financial Flows for NHS Hospitals – Introducing Payment by Results in England: Some Lessons from Overseas” held at The Commonwealth Club, London, on 31st March 2004. The conference… The material in this book is drawn from presentations and discussions at
- [What Could be Nicer than NICE?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-could-be-nicer-nice/) - The National Institute for Clinical Excellence is the closest anyone has yet come to fulfilling the economist’s dream of how priority-setting in health care should be conducted. It is transparent, evidence-based, seeks to balance efficiency with equity, and uses a cost-per-QALY benchmark as… The National Institute for Clinical Excellence is the closest anyone has yet
- [How Much Should We Spend on the NHS?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/how-much-should-we-spend-nhs/) - Prior to the 2002 Spending Review Derek Wanless was asked by the Chancellor of The Exchequer to assess the ’financial and other resources required to ensure that the NHS can provide a publicly funded, comprehensive, high quality service on the basis of clinical… Prior to the 2002 Spending Review Derek Wanless was asked by the
- [The Impact of Ageing on Health Care Expenditures: Impending Crisis, or Misguided Concern?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-ageing-health-care-expenditures-impending-crisis-or-misguided-concern/) - The past few decades have seen an accelerating increase in the numbers and proportion of older people in the populations of many countries. Population ageing will have a profound impact on the societies, politics, and economies of countries. In particular, ageing is associated… The past few decades have seen an accelerating increase in the numbers
- [The Economics of Dental Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economics-dental-care/) - Looked at overall, dental care represents a fascinating mix of the public and private spheres. It has a strong component that many people argue can be left to individual responsibility, private funding and market processes. But it also has a strong public dimension.… Looked at overall, dental care represents a fascinating mix of the public
- [Developments in Economic Evaluation in Health Care: A Review of HEED](https://www.ohe.org/publications/developments-economic-evaluation-health-care-review-heed/) - Health care decision makers are becoming increasingly concerned with obtaining value for money and therefore with the use of economic evidence, particularly as a criterion for the reimbursement of new pharmaceuticals. There are a range of countries in which economic considerations have been… Health care decision makers are becoming increasingly concerned with obtaining value for
- [To Publish or Not: Experience and Evidence About Publishing Hospital Outcomes Data](https://www.ohe.org/publications/publish-or-not-experience-and-evidence-about-publishing-hospital-outcomes-data/) - Since the mid-1980s, the publication of hospital outcomes data has become increasingly popular. Canada and the US operate performance reporting systems, with similar initiatives planned in Australia and New Zealand (Mannion and Davies, 2002). In Europe, outcomes data are collected and published in… Since the mid-1980s, the publication of hospital outcomes data has become increasingly
- [Mental Health Economics and Policy in a Global Context](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mental-health-economics-and-policy-global-context/) - The purpose of the conference was to locate and promote the role of health economics in mental health policy in low and middle income countries. Health economists have a growing voice in health policy development. But just as it is only recently that… The purpose of the conference was to locate and promote the role
- [Reducing Harm to Patients in the National Health Service. Will the Government’s Compensation Proposals Help?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/reducing-harm-patients-national-health-service-will-governments-compensation-proposals/) - The UK government hopes that the proposals in the report of the Department of Health’s Chief Medical Officer “Making Amends” (CMO, 2003) will make its NHS safer whilst ensuring that patients who are harmed get compensation more quickly and more efficiently than at… The UK government hopes that the proposals in the report of the
- [To Heal and Harm: An Economic View of Drug Safety](https://www.ohe.org/publications/heal-and-harm-economic-view-drug-safety/) - The aims of this book are to: • provide an historical background to modern pharmaceutical regulation; • summarise available data on the harm caused by medicines; • comment on treatment and prevention strategies; • provide an economic framework for assessing optimal levels of… The aims of this book are to: • provide an historical background
- [Statistical Methods for Cost-Effectiveness Research: A Guide to Current Issues and Future Developments](https://www.ohe.org/publications/statistical-methods-cost-effectiveness-research-guide-current-issues-and-future/) - The purpose of this book is to bring together a collection of papers by acknowledged experts in the field of trial-based health economic evaluation to provide an overview of the literature. The aim is to give the reader a clear guide to recent… The purpose of this book is to bring together a collection of
- [Quality in Primary Care: Economic Approaches to Analysing Quality-Related Physician Behaviour](https://www.ohe.org/publications/quality-primary-care-economic-approaches-analysing-quality-related-physician-behaviour/) - This monograph sets out the insights from applying an economic perspective to a fundamental problem for any health service: ensuring cost-effective care when outcomes from care are uncertain and there is imperfect information about the activities of providers and the factors outside their… This monograph sets out the insights from applying an economic perspective to
- [Institutions for Industrial Competitiveness in the International Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/institutions-industrial-competitiveness-international-pharmaceutical-industry/) - One of the main characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology, is the important role played by public institutions. Their role is not only focused on encouraging research and development (R&D), but also on regulation of the final product market. The special characteristics… One of the main characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology, is
- [Making the best of the Private Finance Initiative in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/making-best-private-finance-initiative-nhs/) - This briefing is based on the results of a seminar held in London on 30 May 2002. The seminar titled Building long term partnerships, was organised jointly by the Office of Health Economics and ACCA with the Future Healthcare Network of the NHS… This briefing is based on the results of a seminar held in
- [Public Private Partnerships for Research and Development: Medicines and Vaccines for Diseases of Poverty](https://www.ohe.org/publications/public-private-partnerships-research-and-development-medicines-and-vaccines-diseases/) - Improving the health and life expectancy of the populations of the less developed countries of the world requires both better access to medicines and research and development (R&D) of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostics. Achieving the latter is a critical part of a… Improving the health and life expectancy of the populations of the less
- [Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: Economic and ethical issues](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cost-effectiveness-thresholds-economic-and-ethical-issues/) - The papers in this book are based on the proceedings of a workshop jointly organised by the OHE and the King’s Fund and hosted by the King’s Fund on 1 March 2002. The authors of the papers that make up this book were… The papers in this book are based on the proceedings of a
- [Influencing Prescribing in a Primary Care Led NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/influencing-prescribing-primary-care-led-nhs/) - The aim of the project was to evaluate the likely success of medicines management in a primary care led UK National Health Service (NHS). The methods used to achieve this objective included a postal survey and a review of the implementation literature. Medicines… The aim of the project was to evaluate the likely success of
- [Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for Decision-Making?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/disability-adjusted-life-years-dalys-decision-making/) - Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were introduced in 1993 amid the pages and policy directives of the World Development Report ‘Investing in Health’ (World Bank, 1993). DALYs are a measure of life years lost from disease, adjusted for assumptions about disability as well as… Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were introduced in 1993 amid the pages and
- [Interpreting and Addressing Inequalities in Health: From Black to Acheson to Blair to . . . ?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/interpreting-and-addressing-inequalities-health-black-acheson-blair/) - This paper is an updated and expanded version of the 7th OHE annual lecture delivered on 1 June 2000. It takes account of research published up to the end of January 2002.… This paper is an updated and expanded version of the 7th OHE annual lecture delivered on 1 June 2000. It takes account of
- [The Life Cycle of Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/life-cycle-pharmaceuticals-cross-national-perspective/) - This study provides a life cycle perspective on cross-national differences in pharmaceutical prices, volumes and expenditures. Most previous studies have focused solely on cross-national differences in drug prices, comparing prices for a small sample of branded products at a single point in time.… This study provides a life cycle perspective on cross-national differences in pharmaceutical
- [Health Economics: An Introduction to Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-economics-introduction-economic-evaluation-0/) - The second edition of this guide to economic evaluation is significantly extended. This mirrors the development of economic evaluation since the first edition was published in 1996. The methodology has developed and new techniques, both regarding costing and outcome measurement, have been introduced.… The second edition of this guide to economic evaluation is significantly extended.
- [Consolidation and Competition in the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/consolidation-and-competition-pharmaceutical-industry/) - A number of potentially important structural developments are taking place in the pharmaceutical industry. On the one hand, we are witnessing a large number of mergers and acquisitions between companies across countries, suggesting a move towards a small number of large global players.… A number of potentially important structural developments are taking place in the
- [Don’t Look Back? Voluntary and Charitable Finance of Hospitals](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dont-look-back-voluntary-and-charitable-finance-hospitals/) - This book provides a reassessment of the role of charitable and voluntary fundraising for health care, with a particular focus on the hospital. It does so firstly by summarising the principal findings of a major research project on the pre-National Health Service (NHS)… This book provides a reassessment of the role of charitable and voluntary
- [Capturing the Unexpected Benefits of Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/capturing-unexpected-benefits-medical-research/) - It has long been known that a medicine may turn out to have an unexpected beneficial effect on an illness other than the one it was originally intended to treat. This is true for long established medicines, for example the cardiovascular benefits of… It has long been known that a medicine may turn out to
- [The Links of Public Health and Economic Development](https://www.ohe.org/publications/links-public-health-and-economic-development/) - I am really grateful to have the chance to spend an hour with you to talk about a subject of enormous importance. I am particularly gratified to be in London because so much of the global leadership on tackling the links between public… I am really grateful to have the chance to spend an hour
- [The Economics of the Private Finance Initiative in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economics-private-finance-initiative-nhs/) - The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is officially described as a means for providing skilled and efficient services to public sector organisations and hence to the communities they serve. But the PFI has also become the main source of capital funds for major investment… The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is officially described as a means for
- [Why Care About Health Inequality?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/why-care-about-health-inequality/) - Public policy in the UK is placing increasing emphasis on health inequalities. The first signal of this renewed commitment came soon after the Labour government was elected. In 1997 it commissioned an independent review of health inequalities with a view to identifying priority… Public policy in the UK is placing increasing emphasis on health inequalities.
- [Health Care without Frontiers?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-without-frontiers/) - The purpose of this paper is to set out the background to the development of regulations governing cross-border health care in the EU; to explore the possible implications of the Kohll and Decker rulings (and of subsequent ECJ cases) with particular reference to the experience of cross-border health care in the EU; and to set
- [Productivity Costs: Principles and Practice in Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/productivity-costs-principles-and-practice-economic-evaluation/) - The Secretary of State for Health has recently described health care as a form of ‘social investment’ which is ‘of instrumental importance in improving national economic performance’. This concern with economic productivity is shared by decision makers in other countries, where the impact… The Secretary of State for Health has recently described health care as
- [Improving Population Health in Industrialised Nations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/improving-population-health-industrialised-nations/) - Based on papers delivered at the OHE Conference, London, 6 December 1999: ‘The Causes of Improved Population Health in Industrialised Nations: How will the 21st century differ from the 20th?’… Based on papers delivered at the OHE Conference, London, 6 December 1999: ‘The Causes of Improved Population Health in Industrialised Nations: How will the 21st
- [The Road to Sustainability in the UK and German Biotechnology Industries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/road-sustainability-uk-and-german-biotechnology-industries/) - The UK and Germany are the European leaders in biotechnology. They have many more companies and employees in biotechnology, and much greater sums invested in biotechnology research and development (R&D) than anywhere else in Europe. The two countries’ biotechnology sectors display important differences,… The UK and Germany are the European leaders in biotechnology. They have
- [Managing to do Better: General Practice in the 21st Century](https://www.ohe.org/publications/managing-do-better-general-practice-21st-century/) - Health systems the world over are striving to manage their available resource to deliver the best value for the public’s health. For most nations, the general medical practitioner (GP) is the keystone of their organizational approach to achieving the best mix of quality,… Health systems the world over are striving to manage their available resource
- [Surgical Research and Development in the NHS - Promotion, Management and Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/surgical-research-and-development-nhs-promotion-management-and-evaluation/) - Based on papers delivered at the OHE Conference, London, 25 November 1997. Based on papers delivered at the OHE Conference, London, 25 November 1997. The UK National Health Service (NHS) makes a substantial investment in research and development (R&D) in order to maintain and improve the services it delivers. The NHS R&D programme is aimed
- [Prices, Competition and Regulation in Pharmaceuticals: A Cross-National Comparison](https://www.ohe.org/publications/prices-competition-and-regulation-pharmaceuticals-cross-national-comparison/) - Most countries regulate manufacturer prices for pharmaceuticals, either directly (France, Italy) or indirectly through controls on reimbursement (Germany, Japan) or profits (the UK). It is widely believed that drug prices are lower in countries with strict price regulation than in countries with less restrictive regulation (the UK) or no regulation (the US). For example, the
- [Benchmarking and Incentives in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/benchmarking-and-incentives-nhs/) - This paper examines general issues in the use of benchmarking as a measure of comparative performance, reviews the application of benchmarking in the public and private sectors, and then examines the application of benchmarking in the UK National Health Service (NHS). A key… Carol Propper This paper examines general issues in the use of benchmarking
- [Primary Care and the NHS Reforms: A Manager’s View](https://www.ohe.org/publications/primary-care-and-nhs-reforms-managers-view/) - Writing on the future of Primary Care Groups/Trusts, and of Labour’s health service reforms in general, invites subsequent ridicule by those blessed with the clarity of vision hindsight provides. The fact is that only the brave or foolish posit with any certainty how… Writing on the future of Primary Care Groups/Trusts, and of Labour’s health
- [Narrowing the Gap between provision and need for medicines in developing countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/narrowing-gap-between-provision-and-need-medicines-developing-countries/) - Health and economic development is positively linked. External investments are needed to break the vicious cycle of poor health and poverty plaguing less developed countries (LDCs). Measured in disability adjusted life years (DALYs), the disease burden suffered per person in LDCs is twice… Health and economic development is positively linked. External investments are needed to
- [Risk Adjusting Health Care Resource Allocations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/risk-adjusting-health-care-resource-allocations/) - Most health care systems are characterised by both purchasers (insurers, health authorities), who buy health care for a particular population, and providers (hospitals, primary care physicians), who supply health care services. In circumstances where the purchasers or providers bear any of the financial… Most health care systems are characterised by both purchasers (insurers, health authorities),
- [Genomics, Healthcare and Public Policy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/genomics-healthcare-and-public-policy/) - This Conference on Genomics, Healthcare and Public Policy, organised by the Office of Health Economics in collaboration with the School of Public Policy, University College London, and Pharmaceutical Partners for Better Healthcare, examined the status and likely consequences of healthcare applications of genetics.… This Conference on Genomics, Healthcare and Public Policy, organised by the Office
- [Leadership, Change and Primary Care Groups](https://www.ohe.org/publications/leadership-change-and-primary-care-groups/) - A number of important themes emerged, as well as some signals as to the leadership development needs of those charged with ensuring PCGs’ success. They challenges they face are to:… A number of important themes emerged, as well as some signals as to the leadership development needs of those charged with ensuring PCGs’ success. They
- [Public Involvement in Priority Setting](https://www.ohe.org/publications/public-involvement-priority-setting/) - International and UK experience illustrates the difficulty of involving the publica in health caare priority setting in ways that enable politicians, managers and doctors to incorporate public preferences into practical decision making. Many techniques for measuring public preferences fail to incorporate key concepts:…… International and UK experience illustrates the difficulty of involving the publica in
- [Risk and Return in the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/risk-and-return-pharmaceutical-industry/) - This book has been built up from the papers delivered at the Office of Health Economics conference which took place at the Langham Hilton Hotel, London, on 5 December 1996. The speakers assembled for this symposium represent important contributors to the economic analysis… This book has been built up from the papers delivered at the
- [The New NHS: What Can We Learn From Managed Care in New Zealand and the US?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-nhs-what-can-we-learn-managed-care-new-zealand-and-us/) - • The integration of health care is the defining theme of policy developments in the UK, US and New Zealand. The common element between the three countries has been the development of multipractice and multi-professional groups in primary care settings. • International learning… • The integration of health care is the defining theme of policy
- [Trade Mark Legislation and the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/trade-mark-legislation-and-pharmaceutical-industry/) - A trade mark is, in its most basic sense, a badge of identity. Its most essential characteristic is its capacity to distinguish one undertaking’s goods or services from those of another. This function is reflected in the legal definition of a trade mark… A trade mark is, in its most basic sense, a badge of
- [Organisational Costs in the New NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/organisational-costs-new-nhs/) - There is widespread criticism of organisational costs in the NHS. ‘Reduce bureaucracy, release funds for patient care’ has become a popular slogan. This so-called ‘bureaucracy’ may, however, be essential to delivering health care. The complexity of modern health care means that some organisational… There is widespread criticism of organisational costs in the NHS. ‘Reduce bureaucracy,
- [Updating the Cost of a New Chemical Entity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/updating-cost-new-chemical-entity/) - The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing estimates of NCE costs and look at the subsequent changes in cost components and at the impact of structural change in the R&D process. These discussions cannot substitute for new estimates that are… The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing estimates of
- [Doctors, Economics and Clinical Practice Guidelines: Can they be brought together?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/doctors-economics-and-clinical-practice-guidelines-can-they-be-brought-together/) - The topic I have been asked to address, ‘Doctors, Economics and Clinical Practice Guidelines: Can they be Brought Together’, is both difficult and controversial. It is also timely. With the creation of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), the National Service Frameworks,… The topic I have been asked to address, ‘Doctors, Economics and Clinical
- [Controlling NHS Expenditure: The Impact of Labour’s NHS White Papers](https://www.ohe.org/publications/controlling-nhs-expenditure-impact-labours-nhs-white-papers/) - The English, Scottish and Welsh National Health Service (NHS) White Papers published by the government in December 1997 and January 1998, have changed the tone of NHS policy. Co-operation is to replace competition; there is to be a statutory requirement to provide good… The English, Scottish and Welsh National Health Service (NHS) White Papers published
- [GP Commissioning Groups – The Nottingham Experience](https://www.ohe.org/publications/gp-commissioning-groups-nottingham-experience/) - From 1 April 1999 the structure of the Health Services in the United Kingdom will look radically different. In England there will be Primary Care Groups (PCGs), in Scotland Primary Care Trusts, and in Wales Local Health Groups. The pattern in Northern Ireland… From 1 April 1999 the structure of the Health Services in the
- [Our Certain Fate: Rationing in Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/our-certain-fate-rationing-health-care/) - Benjamin Franklin remarked in 1789 that ‘in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes’. To these two certainties the economist would add that of the scarcity of resources, as ’the central economic problem for society is how… Benjamin Franklin remarked in 1789 that ‘in this world nothing can be
- [Biotechnology and the Economics of Discovery in the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/biotechnology-and-economics-discovery-pharmaceutical-industry/) - This paper examines the economic aspects of the forces driving the emergence of biotechnology firms, and the implications of this for the organisation of research and development (R&D) and industrial structure in the pharmaceutical industry.… This paper examines the economic aspects of the forces driving the emergence of biotechnology firms, and the implications of this
- [Tuberculosis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/tuberculosis/) - The first Office of Health Economics (OHE) disease state booklet, written in 1962, was entitled ‘Progress against Tuberculosis’ and was published at a time of great optimism among health care professionals involved in the battle against tuberculosis (TB).Effective anti-tuberculosis medications had recently been… The first Office of Health Economics (OHE) disease state booklet, written in
- [Economic Aspects of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-aspects-non-hodgkins-lymphoma/) - Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is not a single disease entity but covers a complex group of different types of malignancy. They differ in the cells affected, their course and the structures they form in the lymph glands. The unifying feature of the lymphomas as… Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is not a single disease entity but covers a
- [Effective Commissioning: Lessons from purchasing in American managed care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/effective-commissioning-lessons-purchasing-american-managed-care/) - It may seem odd that someone from the most overpriced, wasteful and inequitable health care system in the industrialised world should pen a report on how to make the UK National Health Service (NHS) more cost-effective. Yet from the very deregulated nature of… It may seem odd that someone from the most overpriced, wasteful and
- [Managed Care - An Option for the German Health Care System?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/managed-care-option-german-health-care-system/) - Caught between rising expenditure, suspected room for improved efficiency and dwindling availability of public funds, Germany’s health care system is now in the forefront of public debate. In 1989 and 1993, two major legislative attempts to reform the German health sector brought home… Caught between rising expenditure, suspected room for improved efficiency and dwindling availability
- [Trends in Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/trends-economic-evaluation/) - The aim of this paper is to consider recent trends in the volume and characteristics of economic evaluation literature by interrogating the Health Economic Evaluations Database (HEED), and to offer some comments on how the quality of such studies can be assessed by… The aim of this paper is to consider recent trends in the
- [Competition and contestability between acute hospitals](https://www.ohe.org/publications/competition-and-contestability-between-acute-hospitals/) - The 1989-1991 Conservative reforms of the National Health Service (NHS) introduced fundamental changes in the organisation of health care in the UK. At the same time they emphasised for the first time in the context of the NHS the potential benefits to patients… The 1989-1991 Conservative reforms of the National Health Service (NHS) introduced fundamental
- [Managed Care - A Model for the UK?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/managed-care-model-uk/) - This paper examines the potential for managed care techniques to develop in the UK National Health Service. It begins with a review of managed care approaches but no attempt is made here to review the wealth of material on managed care in the… This paper examines the potential for managed care techniques to develop in
- [Accountable Health Care: Is it compatible with social solidarity?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/accountable-health-care-it-compatible-social-solidarity/) - If a dart were thrown at a map of the world and one identified the national capital nearest the dart, the following would be a safe prediction: somewhere in that capital a task force is busily at work on yet another a blueprint… If a dart were thrown at a map of the world and
- [National Health Service Reorganisation: Learning from History?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/national-health-service-reorganisation-learning-history/) - I am greatly flattered to be invited to deliver the 1998 annual lecture of the Office of Health Economics, partly on account of my distinguished predecessors, but also because this invitation provides an opportunity for a more explicitly historical perspective than is usual… I am greatly flattered to be invited to deliver the 1998 annual
- [Health Financing and Pharmaceutical Policy Reform in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-financing-and-pharmaceutical-policy-reform-countries-central-and-eastern-europe/) - The objective of this report is to provide an assessment of the reform process of the health care sector in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CCEE). It shall assess the overall direction of the reforms and focus in particular on health… The objective of this report is to provide an assessment of the
- [Theory and Evidence on Cost Sharing in Health Care: An Economic Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/theory-and-evidence-cost-sharing-health-care-economic-perspective/) - Faced with the growing pressures on health care budgets, policy makers around the world have turned to different forms of direct charging for health services. However, because it is rare to find a health system where the user is faced with the full… Faced with the growing pressures on health care budgets, policy makers around
- [Drivers of the Growth in Medicines Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/drivers-growth-medicines-expenditure/) - Increases in expenditure on medicines, above the level of increases in health care expenditure generally, are a feature of all Western health systems, including the UK’s. This paper examines the causes of these increases in the UK. It reports on a study carried… Increases in expenditure on medicines, above the level of increases in health
- [Prescribing, Budgets and Fundholding in General Practice](https://www.ohe.org/publications/prescribing-budgets-and-fundholding-general-practice/) - In April 1991, a radical programme of public health care reform was introduced by the Conservative Government. The avowed intention of the programme was to improve the overall quality of health care whilst simultaneously moderating the growth in costs. Within the general reform… In April 1991, a radical programme of public health care reform was
- [Hospital Acquired Infection](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hospital-acquired-infection/) - ‘About one in ten patients in acute hospitals at any one time has an infection acquired after admission to hospitals’ (DH/PHLS, 1995, pi). This quotation, introducing recent guidance on the control of infection in hospitals, gives us some indication of the size of… ‘About one in ten patients in acute hospitals at any one time
- [NHS Waiting Lists: Towards the Elusive Solution](https://www.ohe.org/publications/nhs-waiting-lists-towards-elusive-solution/) - Much has been written over the last 40 years bemoaning the state of NHS waiting lists. Contributions to this literature have come from diverse fields; from epidemiologists, surgeons, statisticians, operations researchers, managers and social scientists (Pope, 1990) (Mullen, 1993), (Yates, 1987). This fact,… Much has been written over the last 40 years bemoaning the state
- [Trade and Price Differentials for Pharmaceuticals: Policy Options](https://www.ohe.org/publications/trade-and-price-differentials-pharmaceuticals-policy-options/) - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare arguments for international price differences for pharmaceuticals and the welfare effects of policies that have the effect of eliminating such differences, in particular, parallel trade and regulation based on foreign prices. The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare arguments for international price
- [Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism](https://www.ohe.org/publications/deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism/) - Thrombosis had been recognised as a disease since around 2000 BC, but the word thrombosis was first used by Claudius Galenos (130 – 200 AD). Pulmonary embolism was described for the first time by Wiseman in 1676 but the relationship between venous thrombosis… Thrombosis had been recognised as a disease since around 2000 BC, but
- [Uses of Models in Economic Evaluations of Medicines and Other Health Technologies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/uses-models-economic-evaluations-medicines-and-other-health-technologies/) - The use of models in economic studies evaluating medicines and other health technologies has become a controversial issue. This is because study results now matter – decision makers are increasingly acting on information about the cost effectiveness of treatments. This publication is intended… The use of models in economic studies evaluating medicines and other health
- [The Doctor's (Ethical and Economic) Dilemma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/doctors-ethical-and-economic-dilemma/) - In this OHE lecture Professor Sackett sets out a compelling case for evidence-based medicine to be at the core of a comprehensive, tax-funded NHS that enjoys the confidence of the whole population. He also sets out his personal view as to how the… In this OHE lecture Professor Sackett sets out a compelling case for
- [Using Consumer Preferences in Health Care Decision Making: The Application of Conjoint Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/using-consumer-preferences-health-care-decision-making-application-conjoint-analysis/) - The idea that clients or users of public services might legitimately have opinions about how they should be delivered is a relatively new one in the United Kingdom, where producers’ views have dominated decisions about how things should be done. This tendency can… The idea that clients or users of public services might legitimately have
- [The Future of Primary Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/future-primary-care/) - The chapters in this book are based on the contributions to a conference organised by the Office of Health Economics and held at the Zoological Society of London on 13 September 1995. The various contributions, from many distinguished authors from the United Kingdom,… The chapters in this book are based on the contributions to a
- [Diseases of the Prostate](https://www.ohe.org/publications/diseases-prostate/) - Cancer < 1 min read|01/09/1995 The majority of men possess little knowledge concerning the prostate gland. Information about the prostate, in particular the potential medical problems, the available treatments, and even its location, is unfamiliar to most men. This ignorance is somewhat surprising considering the significant number of… The majority of men possess little knowledge
- [Handling Uncertainty in the Results of Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/handling-uncertainty-results-economic-evaluation/) - The recent increase in the number of published economic evaluations has been considerable [Wellcome, 1992; Udvarhelyi et al, 1992]. It is of some concern, however that reviews of economic evaluations have highlighted a high degree of methodological shortcomings in many studies [Adams at… The recent increase in the number of published economic evaluations has been
- [Health Care as a Handicraft Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-handicraft-industry/) - The seemingly inexorable rise in real health care costs (i.e. over and above the rate of inflation) has been a cause of great concern to governments throughout the world. Few economists in the world are better qualified than William Baumol to help us… The seemingly inexorable rise in real health care costs (i.e. over and above the
- [Health Information and the Consumer](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-information-and-consumer/) - This book contains the proceedings of a conference held by the Office of Health on 30 November 1994 entitled ‘Health Information and the Consumer’ and chaired by Lord Peston. The idea for the conference developed out of the results of a survey conducted… This book contains the proceedings of a conference held by the Office
- [Hypothecated Health Taxes: An evaluation of recent proposals](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hypothecated-health-taxes-evaluation-recent-proposals/) - The subject of earmarked or hypothecated taxes dropped out of the mainstream of public finance theory a great many years ago. It is doubtful whether many of today’ s economists learnt anything about it in either their undergraduate or graduate days. The reason… The subject of earmarked or hypothecated taxes dropped out of the mainstream
- [The Impact of Behavioural and Biomedical Advance on Health Trends over the Next 25 Years](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-behavioural-and-biomedical-advance-health-trends-over-next-25-years/) - Recent decades have seen a significant improvement in the health status of citizens in Western Europe and the USA. This is evident from death rate statistics which fell in the USA from 10.6 to 5.4/1000 between 1940 and 1990, from improvements in life… Recent decades have seen a significant improvement in the health status of
- [Obesity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/obesity/) - ’We are unanimous in our belief that obesity is a hazard to health and a detriment to well-being. It is common enough to constitute one of the most important medical and public health problems of our time, whether we judge importance by a… ‘We are unanimous in our belief that obesity is a hazard to
- [Heath Information and the Consumer](https://www.ohe.org/publications/heath-information-and-consumer/) - In the last decade society has become more health conscious than ever before. A major factor in this change of attitude is the widespread availability of information about healthy lifestyles from both the media and health professionals. People have a greater awareness of… In the last decade society has become more health conscious than ever
- [A Doctor Looks at Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/publications/doctor-looks-health-economics/) - Inequality in health is back on the political agenda in the UK. Three factors have made inequality an issue – firstly, concern that the internal market will enable some, notably patients of GP Fundholders, to get better treatment than other NHS patients, secondly,… Inequality in health is back on the political agenda in the UK.
- [Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa](https://www.ohe.org/publications/eating-disorders-anorexia-nervosa-and-bulimia-nervosa/) - This report is concerned with people who persistently starve themselves (anorexia nervosa), as well as those who follow chaotic eating patterns (bulimia nervosa). Both conditions are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This paper will attempt to highlight several important aspects of these… This report is concerned with people who persistently starve themselves (anorexia nervosa),
- [Managing the NHS: past, present and agenda for the future](https://www.ohe.org/publications/managing-nhs-past-present-and-agenda-future/) - The recent pace of administrative change in the NHS has been rapid, culminating in the October 1993 decision to abolish the Regional tier of management and merge DHAs and FHSAs. This paper by William Laing is a timely and successful attempt to put… The recent pace of administrative change in the NHS has been rapid,
- [The Impact of Unemployment on Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-unemployment-health/) - That there is a positive association between unemployment and a variety of measures of ill health is clear. What is less clear is how this association arises. Two questions summarise much of the debate which has concerned researchers for many years. Firstly, does… That there is a positive association between unemployment and a variety of
- [Born Imperfect: The role of genetic disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/born-imperfect-role-genetic-disease/) - The area of genetics in relation to hereditary disease has become an important aspect of medical practice with potentially far-reaching ramifications. We all inherit many features from our parents such as eye colour, hair colour, facial characteristics and even height and build to… The area of genetics in relation to hereditary disease has become an
- [Born Too Soon](https://www.ohe.org/publications/born-too-soon/) - Preterm birth is a major world health problem. Statistics show the significant numbers of perinatal deaths due to preterm birth and the disproportionate numbers of children surviving preterm birth who suffer from physical and intellectual impairment. The problem affects countries in both the… Preterm birth is a major world health problem. Statistics show the significant
- [Science in Medicine: How Far Has It Advanced?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/science-medicine-how-far-has-it-advanced/) - The chapters in this book are based on contributions to a seminar organised jointly by the Office of Health Economics and the International Science Policy Foundation, and held at the Royal Society of Medicine in London on 10 December 1992. An account of… The chapters in this book are based on contributions to a seminar
- [Chronic Venous Diseases of the Leg](https://www.ohe.org/publications/chronic-venous-diseases-leg/) - This report is about varicose veins and the range of venous diseases of the legs, including chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous ulcers, that people with varicose veins are prone to develop. It collates information on the prevalence of these conditions, focusing on… This report is about varicose veins and the range of venous diseases
- [Dementia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dementia/) - Dementia is a condition whose causes are poorly understood, which cannot be cured and for which current treatments of symptoms have at best marginal effects. Dementia affects a significant proportion of the population of elderly people in developed countries, and it is estimated… Dementia is a condition whose causes are poorly understood, which cannot be
- [Drug misuse](https://www.ohe.org/publications/drug-misuse/) - Throughout history the desire to experience an altered state of consciousness can be seen to have been part of the essential nature of man. In all parts of the world substances have been used to suppress pain, relieve depression and also to provide… Throughout history the desire to experience an altered state of consciousness can
- [Arthritis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/arthritis/) - Arthritis is a common and chronic disease with over 200 conditions included in this category. It affects every tenth inhabitant of the world according to the World Health Organisation (Novosti Press Agency, 1990). Indeed, arthritis and rheumatism are the most frequent self-reported condition… Arthritis is a common and chronic disease with over 200 conditions included
- [Depression](https://www.ohe.org/publications/depression/) - Depression has been defined as the persistent and sustained feeling that the self is worthless, the world meaningless and the future hopeless. There is a world of difference between being generally miserable and sad, and suffering from the psychiatric illness known as depression.… Depression has been defined as the persistent and sustained feeling that the
- [Aids in Africa: Meeting the Challenge through Training Education and Prevention](https://www.ohe.org/publications/aids-africa-meeting-challenge-through-training-education-and-prevention/) - AIDS poses a formidable challenge to African policy makers and health professionals. Of the estimated 9 to 11 million cases of HIV infection worldwide, some 7 million are in sub-Saharan Africa. In this largely impoverished region the AIDS pandemic has destabilised already precarious… AIDS poses a formidable challenge to African policy makers and health professionals.
- [Innovative Competition in Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovative-competition-medicine/) - It is almost twenty years since I realised the significance of Schumpeter’s work to the pharmaceutical industry. But since the references to his conclusions in ‘The Canberra hypothesis’ in 1975, comparatively little attention has been drawn to the relevance of Schumpeter’s theory of… It is almost twenty years since I realised the significance of Schumpeter’s
- [Economic Evaluation of Growth Hormone Therapy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-evaluation-growth-hormone-therapy/) - Treatment of children with growth hormone is well recognised under the NHS and its cost (between £5,000-£10,000 per annum per child) has generally been accepted. Since the biotechnologically produced hormone (rhGH) first appeared on the market in 1985 it has been increasingly prescribed… Treatment of children with growth hormone is well recognised under the NHS
- [Parkinson's Disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/parkinsons-disease-0/) - The prospects for Parkinson’s sufferers have improved immensely with the advent of new drug treatments. More recently the notion that transplantation could, either wholly or partially, alleviate the difficulties associated with Parkinson’s disease raised further hopes. As Fahn (1988) says, ’We are living… The prospects for Parkinson’s sufferers have improved immensely with the advent of
- [AIDS: Worldwide Policies and Problems](https://www.ohe.org/publications/aids-worldwide-policies-and-problems/) - The condition which was later to be called AIDS emerged in the early 1980s in several widely separated locations, including the United States, Haiti, Belgium, France, Zaire and Zambia. The first medical reports, relating to a cluster of cases among homosexual men in… The condition which was later to be called AIDS emerged in the
- [Migraine](https://www.ohe.org/publications/migraine-1/) - ‘Choose something common and you will find little is known about it’ (Henry Head to the young Dr Russell Brain c 1920). Although common (8 per cent of the population) and recognised for more than 2,000 years, migraine has rarely commanded significant professional… ‘Choose something common and you will find little is known about it’
- [Organ Transplantation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/organ-transplantation/) - Organ transplantation is one of the most spectacular medical achievements of this century. The first successful human transplant operation took place in Boston, in 1954, when a single kidney was transplanted between identical twins (Murray et al, 1955). Subsequent improvements in surgical techniques,… Organ transplantation is one of the most spectacular medical achievements of this
- [Epilepsy: Towards Tomorrow](https://www.ohe.org/publications/epilepsy-towards-tomorrow/) - Since the publication of the Office of Health Economics’ first booklet on epilepsy in 1971, advances in medical treatment, better seizure control and wider availability of appropriate information and counselling opportunities are making it somewhat easier for people with epilepsy to adjust to… Since the publication of the Office of Health Economics’ first booklet on
- [Factors Influencing Clinical Decisions in General Practice](https://www.ohe.org/publications/factors-influencing-clinical-decisions-general-practice/) - In January 1989 the Government announced its proposals for reforming the National Health Service in the White Paper ‘Working for Patients’ (CM555). The two main objectives of the reforms, as outlined in the White Paper, are ’to give patients, wherever they live in… In January 1989 the Government announced its proposals for reforming the National
- [Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease: Consensus or Controversy?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cholesterol-and-coronary-heart-disease-consensus-or-controversy/) - The severe expression of cardiovascular and particularly coronary heart disease in the UK is a proper cause for concern. Analysis of its associations clearly shows the multifactorial – some would say uninterpretable – background to that expression. It is also clear that most… The severe expression of cardiovascular and particularly coronary heart disease in the
- [Dying with Dignity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dying-dignity/) - This report from the Office of Health Economics looks at a very important aspect of medical care which is too often ignored. As Jane Griffin points out, about one quarter of all deaths in the United Kingdom are due to the cancers, and… This report from the Office of Health Economics looks at a very
- [Patterns of Prescribing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/patterns-prescribing/) - Outcomes, it is commonly said by general practitioners, are more difficult to measure in our discipline than those in hospital based specialties. This is true but it should not be used as an excuse for continuing sloppy work, for sufficient measures of outcome… Outcomes, it is commonly said by general practitioners, are more difficult to
- [The Economic Impact of Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-impact-medicines/) - The objective of medical care is to improve people’s health. This includes avoiding illness whenever possible, alleviating suffering and disability when illness does occur, and prolonging life, particularly through the prevention of premature deaths. In a Utopian situation, it might be possible to… The objective of medical care is to improve people’s health. This includes
- [Variations between General Practitioners](https://www.ohe.org/publications/variations-between-general-practitioners/) - The Government’s National Health Service reforms are designed to increase cost effectiveness, widen consumer choice and improve the quality of care. In making the case for these reforms, the White Paper Working for Patients (CM 555) pointed to the wide variations in performance… The Government’s National Health Service reforms are designed to increase cost effectiveness,
- [Measuring the Benefits of Medicines: The Future Agenda](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measuring-benefits-medicines-future-agenda/) - These papers were presented to an Office of Health Economics meeting in London in October 1989. The programme for the meeting was put together by a group of international experts interested in the economics of the pharmaceutical industry, and hence it reflects developments… These papers were presented to an Office of Health Economics meeting in
- [Asthma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/asthma-0/) - It is fourteen years since the Office of Health Economics produced a paper on asthma (Studies of Current Health Problems No 57). During this time, asthma has been the focus for much research and more has become known about the distribution of asthma… It is fourteen years since the Office of Health Economics produced a
- [Coronary Heart Disease: The Need for Action](https://www.ohe.org/publications/coronary-heart-disease-need-action/) - At the start of the 1980s, coronary heart disease (CUD) appeared destined to become the United Kingdom’s ‘disease of the decade’. Comparisons between nations had revealed that the countries of the United Kingdom were becoming increasingly isolated at the top of the international… At the start of the 1980s, coronary heart disease (CUD) appeared destined
- [Osteoporosis and the risk of fracture](https://www.ohe.org/publications/osteoporosis-and-risk-fracture/) - Osteoporosis has been a long recognised disorder even if its causes have not. Research undertaken by Little (1973) found examples from as early as the sixth century AD when Paulas Aeginata described a condition of the bone typical of osteoporosis. He also referred… Osteoporosis has been a long recognised disorder even if its causes have
- [Mental Health in the 1990s: from Custody to Care?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mental-health-1990s-custody-care/) - Mental distress or dysfunction serious enough to be regarded as illness is a common experience. In the United Kingdom four to five million people a year consult their family doctors because of conditions such as depression and anxiety. Perhaps as many again suffer… Mental distress or dysfunction serious enough to be regarded as illness is
- [Diabetes: a Model for Health Care Management](https://www.ohe.org/publications/diabetes-model-health-care-management/) - Since the Office of Health Economics first published a paper about diabetes 25 years ago a great deal has happened. For one thing diabetes mellitus has been accepted as an international problem by the World Health Organisation. Professor Hoet, father of the present… Since the Office of Health Economics first published a paper about diabetes
- [Holes in Therapy](https://www.ohe.org/publications/holes-therapy/) - The text of a lecture delivered at the Conference of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations in Paris in June 1989… The text of a lecture delivered at the Conference of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations in Paris in June 1989
- [Measurement and Management in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measurement-and-management-nhs/) - The late John Vaizey posed a challenging question about the ‘explosion’ of health care costs in the Western World. ‘Why was it seen as a problem’. he asked, ’when even more rapid growth for example in home entertainment and electronics was seen as… The late John Vaizey posed a challenging question about the ‘explosion’ of
- [Impact of New Medicines on Health Care Costs](https://www.ohe.org/publications/impact-new-medicines-health-care-costs/) - The objective of medical care is to make people as healthy as possible. Over the past 40 years, since the National Health Service was established in Britain, medical progress – including particularly pharmacological advances – has greatly extended the scope for the health… The objective of medical care is to make people as healthy as
- [People as Patients and Patients as People](https://www.ohe.org/publications/people-patients-and-patients-people/) - Despite much of the current discussion, Britain’s National Health Service has been an outstanding success during its 40 years of existence. Its present problems stem primarily from the way in which the scope for medical care within the service has been extended so… Despite much of the current discussion, Britain’s National Health Service has been
- [Cost-Benefit Analysis of Medicines – a Guide for Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cost-benefit-analysis-of-medicines-a-guide-for-industry/) - The objectives of this booklet are twofold. First, to describe in simple terms the state of the art in undertaking economic studies to demonstrate the benefits of new and existing medicines. Second, to remind readers why such analyses are of increasing importance both… The objectives of this booklet are twofold. First, to describe in simple
- [Innovative Chemical Extensions: The Economic Basis of Pharmaceutical Progress](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovative-chemical-extensions-economic-basis-pharmaceutical-progress/) - This is an important paper based on original economic analyses of the new entrants to various pharmaceutical sub-markets. To use a sporting analogy, it indicates that the first one away from the starting line, or even the leader after the first lap, will… This is an important paper based on original economic analyses of the
- [Health Care in China](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-china/) - In this report our visiting scholar. Yinong Shao, has produced a fascinating picture of the health services in China in 1988. It is particularly remarkable because even a few years ago the wealth of statistics which it contains could not have been published.… In this report our visiting scholar. Yinong Shao, has produced a fascinating
- [Health Services in Europe: 1988](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-services-europe-1988/) - The Office of Health Economics first drew attention to the fact that every country in Europe had some form of prepaid national health care scheme in a publication in 1963. At that time it was commonly believed that Britain’s National Health Service was… The Office of Health Economics first drew attention to the fact that
- [Measuring Health: a Practical Approach](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measuring-health-practical-approach/) - In Britain, the tax-payer pays the lion’s share of the national bill for medicines through the tax-supported NHS. There can be no doubt that the supplier of this long list of compounds, new and old, the pharmaceutical industry, gets a bad press. I… In Britain, the tax-payer pays the lion’s share of the national bill
- [Economic Evaluation and Develop Medicines in the Development of Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-evaluation-and-develop-medicines-development-medicines/) - In most countries the resources available for health care are increasingly stretched in the face of the competing demands for their use. Therefore health care policy makers, planners and managers have begun to scrutinize all health care procedures and treatments more closely, in… In most countries the resources available for health care are increasingly stretched
- [HIV and AIDS in the United Kingdom](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hiv-and-aids-united-kingdom/) - Since the first identification of the AIDS syndrome in Los Angeles in 1981 (and the description of the virus responsible- now termed HIV 1 -in 1983) health care professionals and policy makers across the globe have had to face the reality that the… Since the first identification of the AIDS syndrome in Los Angeles in
- [Women's Health Today](https://www.ohe.org/publications/womens-health-today/) - In 1986, the Medical Women’s Federation approached the Office of Health Economics with the suggestion that an overview of women’s health would be timely. It was considered opportune, not simply because the MWF is celebrating its 70th Anniversary this year – furthermore, OHE… In 1986, the Medical Women’s Federation approached the Office of Health Economics
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/multiple-sclerosis-0/) - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease which attacks the central nervous system. It claims nearly a thousand lives a year in England and Wales and is responsible for an estimated 92,000 bed-days in NHS hospitals in England. In the primary care… Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling disease which attacks the central
- [Health Economics: Prospects for the Future](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-economics-prospects-future/) - The purpose of this book is to review the current state of health economics and look forward to developments over the next 25 years. The coverage is international, individual countries, areas and the World Health Organization, being considered by world experts. Other topics… The purpose of this book is to review the current state of
- [Cost and Benefits of Pharmaceutical Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cost-and-benefits-pharmaceutical-research/) - These papers are a selection from those prepared for a seminar held jointly by the Department of Health and Social Security and the Office of Health Economics at theend of March 1987. The theme of that seminar was the cost and… These papers are a selection from those prepared for a seminar held jointly by
- [AIDS Virus: Forecasting Its Impact](https://www.ohe.org/publications/aids-virus-forecasting-its-impact/) - In purely quantitative terms, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) might not appear to have warranted the remarkable amount of attention it has attracted since 1982. By the end of October 1986 a total of just 548 cases of AIDS in the UK had… In purely quantitative terms, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) might not appear
- [What Are My Chances Doctor? – a Review of Clinical Risks](https://www.ohe.org/publications/what-are-my-chances-doctor-review-clinical-risks/) - Half a century ago little attention was paid to the risks associated with medical and surgical treatment. The hazards of sickness itself were so obvious, that the considerable risks of medical intervention were more or less taken for granted. In 1986 the situation… Half a century ago little attention was paid to the risks associated
- [Mental Handicap: Partnership in the Community?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mental-handicap-partnership-community/) - Since the start of the 1970s the pattern of care available to more severely ‘mentally handicapped’ people in Britain has undergone major changes. The passing of the 1971 Education Act and the publication of Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped (HMSO 1971) opened… Since the start of the 1970s the pattern of care available to
- [Health: the Politicians Dilemma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-politicians-dilemma/) - This paper from the Office of Health Economics contains some of the newer ideas which have been floated in order to tackle the economic problems urgently facing the National Health Service in 1986. It is postulated on the belief that the service not… This paper from the Office of Health Economics contains some of the
- [Crisis in Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/crisis-research/) - In 1983 almost £6.6 billion was spent on research and development in the United Kingdom. This sum was five times that recorded in 1972 and even when account is taken of the high levels of inflation experienced over the period, this increase still… In 1983 almost £6.6 billion was spent on research and development in
- [Cystic Fibrosis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cystic-fibrosis/) - Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetically determined disease in Britain. Each year about 400 infants are born with the disorder and of these probably less than 25 per cent will survive into their 30s. It is not historically clear when the… Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetically determined disease in Britain.
- [Health, Education and General Practice](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-education-and-general-practice/) - This booklet is based on a meeting organised by the Office of Health Economics and chaired by Sir John Butterfield at the Ciba Foundation on 30th October 1985. The meeting was a follow-up to a similar more general OHE discussion held at Cumberland… This booklet is based on a meeting organised by the Office of
- [Private Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/private-health-care/) - This survey covers all major areas of health care in Britain and describes the activity of the private and voluntary sectors in each. The organisation of chapters aims to follow coherent market boundaries. In many cases, these coincide roughly with NHS administrative divisions.… This survey covers all major areas of health care in Britain and
- [Back Pain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/back-pain/) - Back pain is a symptom experienced by a large proportion of the population. It causes personal discomfort and national economic loss of a magnitude wholly misrepresented by that which might be inferred from its characterisation as the malingerer’s complaint and its adoption as… Back pain is a symptom experienced by a large proportion of the
- [Measurement of Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measurement-health/) - Expenditure on health care is continuing to rise in all Western countries, both in total and as a percentage of gross national product (Table 1). This has underlined the political importance of demonstrating that this expenditure is giving value for money, both in… Expenditure on health care is continuing to rise in all Western countries,
- [Pharmaceuticals in seven nations](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceuticals-seven-nations/) - Great Britain at the suggestion of and in close collaboration with Medizinisch Pharmazeutische Studiengesellschaft (MPS) in the Federal Republic of Germany, OHE is funded entirely by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry and MPS by seven research-based companies in Germany. The Report… Great Britain at the suggestion of and in close collaboration with Medizinisch
- [Techniques of Health Status Measurement Using a Health Index](https://www.ohe.org/publications/techniques-health-status-measurement-using-health-index/) - It is widely accepted that resources for the provision of health care are scarce, that is, there are not and never will be enough resources to satisfy either subjective “demands” for health care or externally measured “needs”. The use of resources in one… It is widely accepted that resources for the provision of health care
- [Politics of Prescribing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/politics-prescribing/) - This briefing is based on a lecture given by George Teeling Smith. At present Britain is one of the seven most successful countries in the world in its record of pharmaceutical innovation. The other six are the United States, West Germany, Switzerland, France,… This briefing is based on a lecture given by George Teeling Smith.
- [New NHS Act for 1996?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-nhs-act-1996/) - This booklet contains the background papers prepared for a discussion meeting at Cumberland Lodge in Windsor Great Park on 7 and 8 June 1984. The idea for the meeting came from the late Lord Vaizey, who was Principal of St Catherine’s Foundation at… This booklet contains the background papers prepared for a discussion meeting at
- [Childhood Vaccination: Current Controversies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/childhood-vaccination-current-controversies/) - The historical roots of immunisation can probably be traced back to ancient Greek and Chinese civilisations and the observation that adults who survived an attack of smallpox did not usually contract the disease a second time. Yet the ‘modern era’ is perhaps generally… The historical roots of immunisation can probably be traced back to ancient
- [Pharmaceuticals in Developing Countries 1981-82](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceuticals-developing-countries-1981-82/) - Two years ago, the Office of Health Economics published a research paper describing some of the activities of eighteen European pharmaceutical companies in the Developing Countries in ·1979-80 (Worlock 1982). The same small study group which collected these data have now updated the… Two years ago, the Office of Health Economics published a research paper
- [Understanding the NHS in the 1980's](https://www.ohe.org/publications/understanding-nhs-1980s/) - The National Health Service will spend around £17,000 million in the UK in 1984: it employs more than 1.2 million full-time and part-time staff. Thus as well as being very probably the nation’s most popular major institution (Iglehart 1983, 1984), it is also… The National Health Service will spend around £17,000 million in the UK
- [Patterns of European Diagnoses and Prescribing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/patterns-european-diagnoses-and-prescribing/) - In the summer of 1982 the Medico-Pharmaceutical Forum held a meeting on ‘Disparities in European Medicine’. The aim was to compare and contrast the various aspects of health and medical care in Europe. Disparities were not difficult to find. The conclusion of the… In the summer of 1982 the Medico-Pharmaceutical Forum held a meeting on
- [Keep on Taking the Tablets? A Review of the Problem of Patient Non-Compliance](https://www.ohe.org/publications/keep-taking-tablets-review-problem-patient-non-compliance/) - There has always been a problem in making sure that patients take the medicines which doctors prescribe for them in accordance with their instructions. The problem varies from the patients who forget the occasional tablet, or take rather too large a dose of… There has always been a problem in making sure that patients take
- [Pharmaceutical Innovation: Recent Trends, Future Prospects](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceutical-innovation-recent-trends-future-prospects/) - Therapeutic progress in recent decades has made a major contribution to reductions in mortality and has extended control to the symptoms of many chronic diseases. Thus developments in chemotherapy and immunisation have combined with economic, social and environmental improvement to bring about the… Therapeutic progress in recent decades has made a major contribution to reductions
- [Measuring the Social Benefits of Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/publications/measuring-social-benefits-medicine/) - There has been a spectacular explosion of therapeutic progress over the past 35 years. The consequent improvements in public health may seem self-evident. Why, then, is it necessary to employ the disciplines of economics and sociology to try to quantify these benefits? This… There has been a spectacular explosion of therapeutic progress over the past
- [Pharmaceuticals in Developing Countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceuticals-developing-countries/) - The Office of Health Economics has recently widened its scope to take a special interest in the health care problems of the Poor World, with particular reference to. the role of medicines. As a contribution to the discussion in this area, OHE is… The Office of Health Economics has recently widened its scope to take
- [Second Pharmacological Revolution](https://www.ohe.org/publications/second-pharmacological-revolution/) - The published proceedings of the symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London in September 1982 by the Office of Health Economics to mark the 20th Anniversary of OHE. A look backwards also cannot help but encompass the impressive list of British… The published proceedings of the symposium held at the Royal College of
- [Future for Pharmaceuticals: the Potential; the Pattern and the Problems](https://www.ohe.org/publications/future-pharmaceuticals-potential-pattern-and-problems/) - Britain has very little to be proud of on the industrial front in the 1980s. Many of its traditional industries — the so-called ‘smokestack industries’ — are in decline. It has so far begun only slowly to share in the development of the… Britain has very little to be proud of on the industrial front
- [Issues in Development: a Guide](https://www.ohe.org/publications/issues-development-guide/) - Unlike the great majority of OHE publications, this paper was not researched and written ‘in-house’. It is a minimally edited translation of a study prepared in German by Dr Klaus Leisinger of the Swiss company CIBA-GEIGY. Hence its style, and at certain points… Unlike the great majority of OHE publications, this paper was not researched
- [Needs of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers from Their Medical Departments in the 1980s](https://www.ohe.org/publications/needs-pharmaceutical-manufacturers-their-medical-departments-1980s/) - This paper was originally written for the benefit of a single pharmaceutical company. However the company agreed when it was commissioned that it should be made generally available once it had been studied within that company, and this publication is the outcome. I… This paper was originally written for the benefit of a single pharmaceutical
- [Consumer Movement, Health, and the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/consumer-movement-health-and-pharmaceutical-industry/) - In his Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which was first published in 1776, Adam Smith placed special emphasis on the assertion that the ultimate purpose of producing any good (or service) is to meet the needs of… In his Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of
- [Adverse Reactions and the Community](https://www.ohe.org/publications/adverse-reactions-and-community/) - Conference of Scottish Pharmacists, Aviemore, 21 November 1982. The aim is to do two things. First, to put the experience with benoxaprofen into a broader and cooler perspective. Secondly, to spell out a theoretical framework from which to develop a more rational attitude… Conference of Scottish Pharmacists, Aviemore, 21 November 1982. The aim is to
- [Ill in Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ill-europe/) - People pay for some health care themselves out of income and savings. In Britain, out of a total expenditure on health care of all kinds of £ 13,700 million in 1981 it is estimated that some 3.0 per cent was paid for in… People pay for some health care themselves out of income and savings.
- [Medicines and the Quality of Life](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-and-quality-life/) - Previous studies concerned with the benefits of modern medicines have concentrated mainly on their economic consequences (Wells NEJ 1980; Teeling-Smith G 1982). By contrast this paper discusses the more difficult problem of evaluating the contribution of medicines to the quality of life. It… Previous studies concerned with the benefits of modern medicines have concentrated mainly
- [Coronary Heart Disease: the Scope for Prevention](https://www.ohe.org/publications/coronary-heart-disease-scope-prevention/) - One person in every four in England and Wales dies from coronary heart disease and at a minimum estimate the costs borne by the National Health Service in its treatment amount to £255 million. But of greater significance is the fact that it… One person in every four in England and Wales dies from coronary
- [Medicines, Health and the Poor World](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-health-and-poor-world/) - In 1972 the Office of Health Economics produced a paper entitled Medical Care in Developing Countries. Drawing on both information available within the pharmaceutical industry and the writings of commentators such as King (1966), Bryant (1969), Abel-Smith (1967) and Gish (1971), the report… In 1972 the Office of Health Economics produced a paper entitled Medical
- [Hip Replacement in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hip-replacement-nhs/) - Of all forms of joint replacement operation, that for hips represents the most outstanding innovation. It is perhaps the major post-war surgical development and the key example of a technique which can radically improve quality of life at an acceptably low cost. The… Of all forms of joint replacement operation, that for hips represents the
- [Costs and Benefits of Regulating New Product Development in the UK Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/costs-and-benefits-regulating-new-product-development-uk-pharmaceutical-industry/) - This is the second in an occasional series of Pharmaceutical Industry Papers to be published by OHE. The first concerned prices; this second paper is concerned, by contrast, with the costs of pharmaceutical innovation. This study by Keith Hartley and Alan Maynard is… This is the second in an occasional series of Pharmaceutical Industry Papers
- [Doctors, Nurses and Midwives in the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/doctors-nurses-and-midwives-nhs/) - There have been substantial increases in all categories of professional manpower in the National Health Service since it was first established in 1949. This Briefing examines and discusses the trends for doctors, nurses and midwives. The data it presents relate mainly to England,… There have been substantial increases in all categories of professional manpower in
- [Accidents in childhood](https://www.ohe.org/publications/accidents-childhood/) - During the last 30 years the proportion of deaths occurring in childhood caused by accidents has risen from 21 to 30 per cent. This development is not, however, as disturbing as it might initially appear for it is more a reflection of the… During the last 30 years the proportion of deaths occurring in childhood
- [Price Comparisons of Identical Products in Japan, the United States and Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/price-comparisons-identical-products-japan-united-states-and-europe/) - The promotion of an environment in which the multinational research-based pharmaceutical industry can flourish has been and will continue to be reliant upon a well-informed and widely-disseminated understanding of the economics underpinning its complex operations. Throughout the 1970s OHE has played an important… The promotion of an environment in which the multinational research-based pharmaceutical industry
- [Sickness Absence – A Review](https://www.ohe.org/publications/sickness-absence-review/) - Absence from work stems from a variety of sources including industrial action, lateness and ill-health. Of these the latter is by far the most significant cause of lost working time: in 1978/79 there were 371 million days of absence due to certified incapacity,… Absence from work stems from a variety of sources including industrial action,
- [Disability in Britain – The Process of Transition](https://www.ohe.org/publications/disability-britain-process-transition/) - Following a proposal originally made by the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the General Assembly of the United Nations decided late in 1976 that 1981 should be proclaimed the International Year of the Disabled Persons (IYDP). The UN’s intended aims for the… Following a proposal originally made by the representative of the Libyan Arab
- [Trends in European Health Spending](https://www.ohe.org/publications/trends-european-health-spending/) - In Europe, as in other developed countries, health expenditures have recently been rising proportionately faster than national wealth. Between 1960 and 1978 the percentage of gross national product spent on health care in the European Community rose from about 4.1 per cent to… In Europe, as in other developed countries, health expenditures have recently been
- [Alcohol: Reducing the Harm](https://www.ohe.org/publications/alcohol-reducing-harm/) - Produced easily by fermentation, ethyl alcohol has for at least 5 to 8 thousand years played a part in the development of human civilisation; as a medicine, as a substance endowed with religious significance, as a food and important element in many cuisines,… Produced easily by fermentation, ethyl alcohol has for at least 5 to
- [Economic Aspects of the Development of New Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economic-aspects-development-new-medicines/) - A lecture, on the economics of developing new drugs, particularly in relation to whether this should be a national or private enterprise. I have chosen to address myself to a more positive issue. This is the extraordinarily fruitful way in which the relationship… A lecture, on the economics of developing new drugs, particularly in relation
- [Health Research in England: Topic for Debate](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-research-england-topic-debate/) - This paper is derived from the proceedings of an Office of Health Economics Study Day, held at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecology on 11 September 1980. OHE is grateful to all those taking part. Particular thanks are due to Professor Sir… This paper is derived from the proceedings of an Office of Health
- [Suicide and Deliberate Self Harm](https://www.ohe.org/publications/suicide-and-deliberate-self-harm/) - Official mortality statistics show that each year in England and Wales approximately 4,000 people take their own lives. By universal assent this figure understates the true incidence of suicide although to what extent remains unclear. Hospitals provide care for nearly 2,000 cases of… Official mortality statistics show that each year in England and Wales approximately
- [Effects of Prescription Charges](https://www.ohe.org/publications/effects-prescription-charges/) - The annual number of NHS prescriptions dispensed by chemist and appliance contractors in the United Kingdom is falling after a seven year period of expansion. As Figure 1 shows, the overall total grew between 1972 and 1978 at an annual average rate of… The annual number of NHS prescriptions dispensed by chemist and appliance contractors
- [Mild Hypertension](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mild-hypertension/) - The risks from untreated high blood pressure at even mildly elevated levels are well documented in quantitative terms. American insurance companies have since the interwar years required a blood pressure reading from their prospective clients, and figures derived from their analysis of mortality… The risks from untreated high blood pressure at even mildly elevated levels
- [Medicines: 50 Years of Progress 1930-1980](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-50-years-progress-1930-1980/) - The Office of Health Economics was invited to make a contribution to the celebration of the Golden Jubilee of the ABPI. This booklet is our response. In it we have broadly surveyed British pharmaceutical progress through the last fifty years. We have had… The Office of Health Economics was invited to make a contribution to
- [Leukaemia: Towards Control](https://www.ohe.org/publications/leukaemia-towards-control/) - Cancer < 1 min read|01/06/1980 Until the end of the 1960s leukaemia killed about 400 children annually in the United Kingdom. Excluding infant deaths (that is, those occurring in the first year of life) leukaemia alone was responsible for approaching 10 per cent of total child mortality at… Until the end of the 1960s leukaemia
- [Question of Balance: the Benefits and Risks of Pharmaceutical Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/publications/question-balance-benefits-and-risks-pharmaceutical-innovation/) - Since this monograph was completed, two new stories concerning the safety of medicines have been featured prominently in the British press. The first has been on an American legal case in which damages have been awarded because a medicine taken during pregnancy was… Since this monograph was completed, two new stories concerning the safety of
- [End Stage Renal Failure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/end-stage-renal-failure/) - The United Kingdom’s performance in the treatment of End Stage Renal Failure reflects, in microcosm, many of the strengths and weaknesses of the National Health Service. On the one hand, UK practice is almost certainly more cost-effective than that of any other country.… The United Kingdom’s performance in the treatment of End Stage Renal Failure
- [Huntington's Chorea](https://www.ohe.org/publications/huntingtons-chorea/) - The purpose of this paper is to describe the nature of Huntington’s chorea and to indicate broadly its costs to both society and affected individuals. The latter are usually high because the disease manifests in middle life when people normally experience their peak… The purpose of this paper is to describe the nature of Huntington’s
- [Perinatal Mortality in Britain – A Question of Class](https://www.ohe.org/publications/perinatal-mortality-britain-question-class/) - This OHE Briefing illustrates some of the difficulties inherent in making accurate international and international comparisons with regard to perinatal mortality, the most sensitive widely collected measure of fetal and maternal wellbeing. It also discusses some of the phenomena which cause, or are… This OHE Briefing illustrates some of the difficulties inherent in making accurate
- [Dementia in Old Age](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dementia-old-age/) - Dementia — that is, irreversible and usually progressive destruction of the brain in old age, the causes of which have yet to be identified – is arguably the most significant single problem currently facing the health services. Ten per cent of the population… Dementia — that is, irreversible and usually progressive destruction of the brain
- [Immunisation for Everyone – The Polio Experience](https://www.ohe.org/publications/immunisation-everyone-polio-experience/) - In the richer nations of Europe and North America the gaining of control over the common infectious illnesses was a long, gradual process. It was initiated by improvements in the diet available to the mass of the people, coupled with public health measures… In the richer nations of Europe and North America the gaining of
- [Medicines for the year 2000](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-year-2000/) - A symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London in September 1978 by the Office of Health Economics. I do not want to trespass into the field of your discussions when there are so many people better qualified than I to contribute.… A symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London in September
- [Schizophrenia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/schizophrenia/) - More people of working age who are in hospital or disabled in the community suffer from schizophrenic illness than any other potentially handicapping condition. In the UK approaching 150,000 people are affected at any one time. The annual cost of their health and… More people of working age who are in hospital or disabled in
- [Scarce Resources in Health Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/scarce-resources-health-care/) - Over the past few years serious efforts have been made in Britain and elsewhere to achieve a more rational distribution of health care resources. It has often been assumed that an optimum supply of health care facilities could be achieved by the measurement… Over the past few years serious efforts have been made in Britain
- [Accidents](https://www.ohe.org/publications/accidents/) - On each day in 1976 in England and Wales approximately forty-one people died and thousands more were either severely or slightly injured as a result of accidents. Such occurrences generate substantial social and economic costs which are borne not only by accident victims… On each day in 1976 in England and Wales approximately forty-one people
- [Cost of the NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/cost-nhs/) - In 1978 the cost of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom will rise, to an estimated record level of £8,000 million. Even when adjusted for the falling value of the pound this means that the NHS costs three times as much… In 1978 the cost of the National Health Service in the United
- [Birth Impairments](https://www.ohe.org/publications/birth-impairments/) - Most of the 600,000 babies born in England and Wales each year are healthy and have before them the prospect of active lives spanning seventy years or more. A proportion of these infants, however, possess impairments, present at or arising during or immediately… Most of the 600,000 babies born in England and Wales each year
- [Health Care Research Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-research-expenditure/) - In the financial year 1976-77 over £220 million was spent on health care research in the United Kingdom. Taking account of recent expenditure growth and making an allowance for less readily identifiable contributions it may be estimated that total health care research spending… In the financial year 1976-77 over £220 million was spent on health
- [Mental Handicap: ways forward](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mental-handicap-ways-forward/) - This paper analyses the occurrence and causes of reduced mental ability and its handicapping consequences with the objective of highlighting those areas where there is most opportunity for either preventing its incidence or alleviating the distress it generates. And it describes efforts made… This paper analyses the occurrence and causes of reduced mental ability and
- [Pharmaceutical Prices: A continental view](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceutical-prices-continental-view/) - It has not normally been OHE policy to reprint articles which have previously been published elsewhere. However, it seemed desirable to make an exception for this paper by Dr Klaus von Grebmer which has been published in two parts in German in Die… It has not normally been OHE policy to reprint articles which have
- [Renal Failure a priority in health?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/renal-failure-priority-health/) - The incidence of treatable chronic renal failure in Britain and other Western countries is very small indeed. The most commonly quoted figure is forty people (under sixty years old) per million total population per year.1 Compared with conditions like coronary heart disease, cancer,… The incidence of treatable chronic renal failure in Britain and other Western
- [Physical Impairment: Social Handicap](https://www.ohe.org/publications/physical-impairment-social-handicap/) - Britain’s one and a half million physically handicapped people do not form a homogeneous group. It is wrong to regard them as a discrete section of the population with identical difficulties and interests; for just as the basic abilities, learnt skills and other… Britain’s one and a half million physically handicapped people do not form
- [Sources of Information for Prescribing Doctors in Britain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/sources-information-prescribing-doctors-britain/) - The information which pharmaceutical manufacturers provide for prescribing doctors – in the form of sales promotion and advertising – has been the subject of considerable and sometimes acrimonious controversy in Britain since the early 1960s. One result of this has been persistent political… The information which pharmaceutical manufacturers provide for prescribing doctors – in the
- [Preventing Bronchitis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/preventing-bronchitis/) - In 1808 Charles Badham adopted the term ‘bronchitis’ to define collectively ’chronic pectoral (chest) complaints, especially those of people advanced in life . . . ‘ This definition is of relevance today in that it serves to illustrate the wide range of morbid… In 1808 Charles Badham adopted the term ‘bronchitis’ to define collectively ’chronic
- [The Reorganised NHS](https://www.ohe.org/publications/reorganised-nhs/) - This study of the reorganised National Health Service is divided into two papers. The first describes the new structure and the management concepts on which it was based and the second examines the progress of and the criticisms made about the NHS since… This study of the reorganised National Health Service is divided into two
- [Viral Hepatitis in Britain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/viral-hepatitis-britain/) - Viral hepatitis consists of at least two distinct disease entities. Although they are both virus infections of the liver which may lead to clinical ‘yellow jaundice’, they are caused by different viruses and have contrasting aetiologies and epidemiologies. The first, which is now… Viral hepatitis consists of at least two distinct disease entities. Although they
- [Asthma](https://www.ohe.org/publications/asthma/) - Asthma, a term derived from the Greek meaning to pant, was first clearly described by Aretaeus, a physician who practised in the second and third centuries of the Christian era. Many descriptions of the disorder appeared subsequently but they were often brief and… Asthma, a term derived from the Greek meaning to pant, was first
- [Brand Names in Prescribing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/brand-names-prescribing/) - To present a balanced view of the brand name/generic controversy and the associated field of bioavailability. Many have discussed these problems; scientists, politicians, industrialists, legislators, hospital pharmacists, physicians, and clinical pharmacologists. Some have contributed to these discussions because of vested interests, because of… To present a balanced view of the brand name/generic controversy and the
- [Rabies](https://www.ohe.org/publications/rabies/) - Rabies, which is traditionally regarded as a mortal condition in humans once the symptoms have developed, is the best known and most feared of all the diseases which may be passed from animals to man. The course of the illness is usually extremely… Rabies, which is traditionally regarded as a mortal condition in humans once
- [Anaesthesia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/anaesthesia/) - Anaesthesia is the art or science of rendering the patient unaware, thereby providing an indispensable foundation for surgery. Although man had unsuccessfully been attempting to eliminate the pain of surgical procedures for many centuries, anaesthesia was not introduced into medical practice until the… Anaesthesia is the art or science of rendering the patient unaware, thereby
- [Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide](https://www.ohe.org/publications/murder-manslaughter-and-infanticide/) - During the last fifteen years the rate of homicides (which comprise all cases of murder, manslaughter and infanticide) occurring in England and Wales has doubled. Analysis of the ages of victims shows that the homicide rate is rising most rapidly amongst males in… During the last fifteen years the rate of homicides (which comprise all
- [Infant and Child Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/infant-and-child-health/) - In 1901 approximately 127,000 infants and 81,000 children aged 1-14 died in England and Wales. By 1973, the corresponding figures were 11,500 and 4,500, representing falls of 91 per cent and 94 per cent respectively. During this period the total number… In 1901 approximately 127,000 infants and 81,000 children aged 1-14 died in England and
- [Medicines Which Affect the Mind](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-which-affect-mind/) - Mankind has used mind affecting drugs throughout and probably for many thousands of years before recorded history. In European culture alcohol, tobacco, caffeine and to a lesser extent opium have played particularly important roles as psychoactive agents; but in other parts of the… Mankind has used mind affecting drugs throughout and probably for many thousands
- [Health Care Dilemma or 'Am I kranken, doctor?'](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-care-dilemma-or-am-i-kranken-doctor/) - For the past 25 years the problems of the National Health Service in Britain have been considered primarily in terms of a shortage of resources. This emphasis has persisted in spite of National Health Service expenditure having doubled in real terms and in… For the past 25 years the problems of the National Health Service
- [Multiple Sclerosis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/multiple-sclerosis/) - The unequal geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis is one of its most striking and potentially significant characteristics. The disease occurs with much greater frequency in temperate latitudes and it is particularly prevalent on the island of Orkney, where the prevalence rate is about… The unequal geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis is one of its most
- [Accidental deaths](https://www.ohe.org/publications/accidental-deaths/) - At first sight it might seem disturbing that accidental deaths are contributing an increasing proportion of the total mortality amongst young people in the UK. In 1932, for example, approximately 6 per cent of all deaths in England and Wales in the 1-4… At first sight it might seem disturbing that accidental deaths are contributing
- [Venereal Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/publications/venereal-diseases-0/) - The ‘venereal’ diseases of syphilis and gonorrhoea, whilst deserving close attention, do not constitute one of the major health problems of Britain today. In 1972, in England, about one man in every 10,000 and one woman in every 30,000 consulted a venereal disease… The ‘venereal’ diseases of syphilis and gonorrhoea, whilst deserving close attention, do
- [Vaccination](https://www.ohe.org/publications/vaccination/) - During the past century the life expectancy at birth of the average Englishman has risen from 40 to around 70 years. Whereas it is likely that in 1870 only 60 per cent or less of children born alive in this country survived their… During the past century the life expectancy at birth of the average
- [Work of Primary Medical Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/work-primary-medical-care/) - The United Kingdom’s 25,000 family doctors, together with the nurses, midwives, health visitors, receptionists and others who make up the primary medical care team, deal with over 90 per cent of all illnesses which reach the formal structure of the health services. They… The United Kingdom’s 25,000 family doctors, together with the nurses, midwives, health
- [Mental Handicap](https://www.ohe.org/publications/mental-handicap/) - Variations between people’s personalities, skills and abilities are a usual and, in many respects, valuable aspect of life. But a few individuals’ mental capacities in areas like simple calculation or the co-ordination of complex movements fall far short of average standards. Such people… Variations between people’s personalities, skills and abilities are a usual and, in
- [Skin Disorders](https://www.ohe.org/publications/skin-disorders/) - The Oxford English Dictionary defìnes the skin as ‘the continuous flexible integument forming the usual external covering of any animal body; also the layers of which this is composed’. It forms a barrier between the body and its environment. Its impermeable outer layer,… The Oxford English Dictionary defìnes the skin as ‘the continuous flexible integument
- [Rheumatism and Arthritis in Britain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/rheumatism-and-arthritis-britain/) - During the past Century the general improvement in living standards and the development of modem medicine have eliminated infectious disease as a major cause of mortality in Britain. The life expectancies of the average man and woman have been considerably extended so that… During the past Century the general improvement in living standards and the
- [Medical Care in Developing Countries](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medical-care-developing-countries/) - During the course of the past hundred years countries such as Britain have seen a very marked change in their patterns of morbidity and mortality. For example, between 1848 and 1872 it has been estimated that over 32 per cent of all male… During the course of the past hundred years countries such as Britain
- [Medicine and Society: the Changing Demands for Medical Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicine-and-society-changing-demands-medical-care/) - The control of the major health problems of the early part of the twentieth century represents a triumph for medical progress in the past twenty-five years. Developments in pharmacology and in medical technology, and their widespread availability free or at nominal cost to… The control of the major health problems of the early part of
- [Hospital Purchasing](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hospital-purchasing/) - Out of £868 minion spent on the revenue account of the hospital service in England and Wales in 1970, £242 million, or a little over one quarter, was spent on supplies of goods and equipment. Table 1 shows the breakdown of spending by… Out of £868 minion spent on the revenue account of the hospital
- [Pharmaceutical Industry and Society: a Study of the Changing Environment and Economics of the International Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceutical-industry-and-society-study-changing-environment-and-economics/) - This paper is based on a symposium held at the Imperial College of Science and Technology by the Office of Health Economics in 1972. Our ancestors died or recovered with or without the aid of a doctor: though his experience might be great his technical skills were minimal. The doctor now is one of a
- [Migraine](https://www.ohe.org/publications/migraine/) - Migraine is typical of the sort of ill-defined self-limiting condition which takes up much of the time of general practitioners. It involves no risk of mortality but it can cause acute intermittent incapacity to the sufferer, occurring with little warning and at times… Migraine is typical of the sort of ill-defined self-limiting condition which takes
- [Evaluation in the Health Services](https://www.ohe.org/publications/evaluation-health-services/) - Proceedings of a symposium HELD AT THE Royal College of General Practitioners on Thursday 21 October 1971 One of the main ideas behind a symposium on ‘Evaluation in the Health Services’ was to help establish a fruitful dialogue between clinicians, planners, sociologists, economists… Proceedings of a symposium HELD AT THE Royal College of General Practitioners
- [Family Planning in Britain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/family-planning-britain/) - Arguments in favour of family planning or ‘birth control’ can be advanced on the basis of one (or both) of two major premises. First, it may be held that overpopulation is the major problem facing the world today. Second, it may be held… Arguments in favour of family planning or ‘birth control’ can be advanced
- [Hypertension: a Suitable Case for Treatment?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hypertension-suitable-case-treatment/) - Ever since the discovery of the circulation of the blood it has been known that blood is forced around the body under pressure from the contractions of the heart. When the pressure in the arteries is consistently higher than normal (usually through increased… Ever since the discovery of the circulation of the blood it has
- [Epilepsy and Society](https://www.ohe.org/publications/epilepsy-and-society/) - As early as 2080 BC reference can be found to epilepsy in the code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon. Special laws affecting the marriage of people with epilepsy and the validity of their testimony at court probably reflected unfounded fears and prejudices that… As early as 2080 BC reference can be found to epilepsy in
- [Prospects in Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/prospects-health/) - In advanced countries, the majority of medical care is no longer concerned with prevention of death. Better social conditions, modern scientific medicine and in particular immunisation and chemotherapy have removed the commonest causes of premature mortality. The remaining deaths before retirement could often… In advanced countries, the majority of medical care is no longer concerned
- [Off Sick](https://www.ohe.org/publications/sick/) - In the first six months of 1970, 5 million working days were lost because of industrial disputes. This has been exceeded in only 2 years since the general strike in 1926. In comparison, over 300 million working days are lost every year through… In the first six months of 1970, 5 million working days were
- [Alcohol Abuse](https://www.ohe.org/publications/alcohol-abuse/) - Alcoholism has been a problem for many hundreds of years although the word itself is comparatively modem. Like schizophrenia it has, at various times, been described as a sin, a social problem, a disease and an emotional disturbance. Until recently it stood largely… Alcoholism has been a problem for many hundreds of years although the
- [Building for Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/building-health/) - In 1948 the newly created National Health Service inherited a stock of buildings which varied very widely in both quality and quantity from area to area. Hospitals formed the major part of the existing health services’ physical capital stock. With some exceptions, such… In 1948 the newly created National Health Service inherited a stock of
- [Early Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-urinary-tract-infection/) - Urinary tract infection is probably the commonest bacterial infection. Although primary prevention is preferable to early diagnosis and treatment, in practice it is limited to the avoidance of unnecessary instrumentation of the urinary tract. Research on the defensive mechanisms of the urinary tract… Urinary tract infection is probably the commonest bacterial infection. Although primary prevention
- [Ophthalmic Service](https://www.ohe.org/publications/ophthalmic-service/) - inscription, ‘Here lies Salvino Armato, the inventor of spectacles’. The inscription is probably inaccurate since both the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Chinese were aware of the properties of crude forms of lenses in correcting visual defects. In medieval times, however, spectacles did… inscription, ‘Here lies Salvino Armato, the inventor of spectacles’. The inscription is
- [Stroke](https://www.ohe.org/publications/stroke/) - In England and Wales, in 1986, stroke accounted for just over 12 per cent of mortality from all causes, most of it occurring in the elderly. Undoubtedly the death toll is considerable, however, it is the burden of morbidity and disability that stroke places on the community that is the real issue for concern. Each
- [Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/antibiotics-animal-husbandry/) - It has generally been the policy of OHE, in this series of occasional papers, to avoid controversial topics directly involving the pharmaceutical manufacturers, who still provide much of the finance for our Office. We are departing from the tradition on this occasion partly… It has generally been the policy of OHE, in this series of
- [Economics and Innovation the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/economics-and-innovation-pharmaceutical-industry/) - This book contains the third series of Winter Lectures organised by the Office of Health Economics, and the first to be given after the publication of the ‘Sainsbury Report’. Mr Freeman in his foreword to the volume containing the second series wrote: ’Not… This book contains the third series of Winter Lectures organised by the
- [Human Relations in General Practice](https://www.ohe.org/publications/human-relations-general-practice/) - Proceedings of a Symposium held at The Royal College of General Practitioners, London 15 September 1968 It is frequently suggested that personal relationships between General Practitioners and their patients are all important and that the doctor’s willingness to concern himself with his patients’… Proceedings of a Symposium held at The Royal College of General Practitioners,
- [Innovation in Industry: a Factor for Growth](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovation-industry-factor-growth/) - Over the past few years there has been a growing concern with Britain’s record of industrial innovation based upon technology. This stems from two factors. Firstly, it is increasingly appreciated that the UK’s success, if not survival, as a trading nation depends upon … Over the past few years there has been a growing concern with
- [Medicines in the 1990s: a Technological Forecast](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medicines-1990s-technological-forecast-0/) - By 1990, the total cost of the National Health Service will probably have reached about £10,000 million of which about £1,300 million will be for medicines prescribed by general practitioners and hospital doctors. At 1968 prices the corresponding figures would be about £4,500… By 1990, the total cost of the National Health Service will probably
- [Obesity and disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/obesity-and-disease/) - Attitudes towards the ‘ideal’ weight vary both from society to society and also over time. In many societies, large size and a big appetite are equated with health. In Tunisia and other parts of Africa, young girls are fattened-up for marriage, and the… Attitudes towards the ‘ideal’ weight vary both from society to society and
- [Age of Maturity](https://www.ohe.org/publications/age-maturity/) - At the last census in 1966 there were nearly 12 million people aged between 45 and 64 in England and Wales. This age group, which for convenience will be termed ‘middle age’ throughout this paper, covers the second part of economically active life.… At the last census in 1966 there were nearly 12 million people
- [Dental Service](https://www.ohe.org/publications/dental-service/) - The cost of dentistry now exceeds £100 million a year. In terms of a single specific illness or disease this figure is second only to the cost of mental illness and is greater than direct National Health Service expenditure on conditions such as… The cost of dentistry now exceeds £100 million a year. In terms
- [General Practice Today](https://www.ohe.org/publications/general-practice-today/) - WITH the inception of the National Health Service in 1948 the scope of general practice was enlarged to provide free medical care for each and every member of the community. It was envisaged at the same time that the general practitioner would become… WITH the inception of the National Health Service in 1948 the scope
- [Old Age](https://www.ohe.org/publications/old-age/) - In 1966, in England and Wales, there were about six million persons aged 65 and over, more than 12 per cent of the total population. In 1901, the figures were one and a half million accounting for 5 percent of the population. The… In 1966, in England and Wales, there were about six million persons
- [Consumer and the Health Service](https://www.ohe.org/publications/consumer-and-health-service/) - Proceedings of a Symposium held at The Royal College of General Practitioners, London 27 January 1968 MANY of the general public and the medical profession have strong views on the current and possible future shape of medical care. However, all too frequently… Proceedings of a Symposium held at The Royal College of General Practitioners, London
- [Early Diagnosis of Cancer of the Cervix](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-cancer-cervix/) - Cancer < 1 min read|01/07/1968 ALTHOUGH cervical cancer causes only 1 per cent of female deaths, it is responsible for almost one quarter of all deaths from cancer amongst women under the age of fifty. For more than fifty years it has been believed that there are one… ALTHOUGH cervical cancer causes only 1 per
- [Early Diagnosis of Depression](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-depression-0/) - Depressive illnesses are widespread and potentially fatal through suicide. The majority of depressions which come to the notice of doctors are treated solely by GP’s. Diagnosis of the severe case is easy but many patients with milder depressions present with symptoms of a… Depressive illnesses are widespread and potentially fatal through suicide. The majority of
- [Early Diagnosis of Ischaemic Heart Disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-ischaemic-heart-disease/) - Deaths from ischaemic heart disease are increasing amongst the early middle-aged in many countries. Over one quarter of all deaths amongst British males under the age of 45 are caused by arteriosclerotic heart disease and there is ample social and economic justification for… Deaths from ischaemic heart disease are increasing amongst the early middle-aged in
- [Early Diagnosis of Some Diseases of the Lung](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-some-diseases-lung/) - Chronic bronchitis and emphysema account for 7 per cent of all deaths in men and 3 per cent in women between the ages of 45-64. Simple bronchitis can be diagnosed by asking about persistent expectoration, or more specifically by measuring the volume of… Chronic bronchitis and emphysema account for 7 per cent of all deaths
- [Without Prescription: a Study of the Role of Self-Medication](https://www.ohe.org/publications/without-prescription-study-role-self-medication/) - The total expenditure on medicines in the United Kingdom in 1966 was £267 million. Of this £188 million was for medicines prescribed on the National Health Service. The other £79 million was spent by the public mainly for medicines bought without a doctor’s… The total expenditure on medicines in the United Kingdom in 1966 was
- [Early Diagnosis of Anaemia](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-anaemia/) - Iron deficiency anaemia is a very common condition in the United Kingdom. Prevalence is greatest amongst women of child-bearing age and elderly men and women. Detection is easy, accurate and fairly cheap by means of a simple battery operated haemoglobin meter. Anaemia is… Iron deficiency anaemia is a very common condition in the United Kingdom.
- [Alive to Forty-Five](https://www.ohe.org/publications/alive-forty-five/) - Proceedings of a Symposium held at the College of General Practitioners, London Sunday, 27 November, 1966 When discussing the four commonest causes of death among young adults, the principal contributors to this symposium each tackled their subject in very different ways. In publishing… Proceedings of a Symposium held at the College of General Practitioners, London
- [Drug Addiction](https://www.ohe.org/publications/drug-addiction/) - For many thousands of years man has sought and found artificial stimulants or sedatives to relieve the tensions of everyday living, to allay fear and worry or simply to increase his pleasure. These have ranged from cannabis, the opiates and the juice of… For many thousands of years man has sought and found artificial stimulants
- [Efficiency in the Hospital Service](https://www.ohe.org/publications/efficiency-hospital-service/) - In 1965 the National Health Service cost the nation over £1300 million of which the Hospital Service absorbed almost £800 million. Where such very large sums of money are involved, almost all of which are spent out of public funds, it is obviously… In 1965 the National Health Service cost the nation over £1300 million
- [Innovation Balance of Payments: the Experience of the Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/publications/innovation-balance-payments-experience-pharmaceutical-industry/) - Symposium held at the Imperial College of Science and Technology by the Office of Health Economics This book is a published version of the second series of evening lecture meetings arranged by OHE. These again deal with questions relating to the significance… Symposium held at the Imperial College of Science and Technology by the Office
- [Malnutrition in the 1960s?](https://www.ohe.org/publications/malnutrition-1960s/) - The economic and social history of the twentieth century paints a picture of substantial improvement for the community as a whole. Poverty and hardship for large sections of the population in the 1920s and 1930s was replaced in the 1950s and 1960s by… The economic and social history of the twentieth century paints a picture
- [Pharmaceutical Research: the Case for Growth in Britain](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmaceutical-research-case-growth-britain/) - ONE of the problems in Britain today is that too little of its academic research is associated with successful innovation in industry. The result is that we have contributed generously to the world stock of fundamental knowledge, but we have failed to benefit… ONE of the problems in Britain today is that too little of
- [Early Diagnosis of Raised Arterial Blood Pressure](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-raised-arterial-blood-pressure/) - In July 1965, the Office of Health Economics held a colloquium on Surveillance and Early Diagnosis in General Practice at Magdalen College, Oxford. It was apparent from the discussion at this meeting that General Practitioners believed that if they were to act effectively… In July 1965, the Office of Health Economics held a colloquium on
- [Early Diagnosis of Visual Defects](https://www.ohe.org/publications/early-diagnosis-visual-defects/) - Usually the defect will occur gradually affecting either the visual acuity of one eye only, or the visual field of one or both eyes. In the very young, the defect which goes unnoticed until school age and the consequent school medical examination is… Usually the defect will occur gradually affecting either the visual acuity of
- [Provision of General Medical Care in New Towns](https://www.ohe.org/publications/provision-general-medical-care-new-towns/) - Proceedings of a Symposium held at College of General Practitioners, London 19th & 20th April 1966 MEETINGS can be of two types. In the first, a small group of experts are invited to describe some aspects of their work or their philosophy to… Proceedings of a Symposium held at College of General Practitioners, London 19th
- [Disorders Which Shorten Life](https://www.ohe.org/publications/disorders-which-shorten-life/) - A review of mortality trends for those between the ages of 15 and 44 The productivity of any community, both in economic and social terms, depends largely upon young men and women aged 15 to 44. At work, it is within these thirty… A review of mortality trends for those between the ages of 15
- [Medical Manpower](https://www.ohe.org/publications/medical-manpower/) - In 1964 there were estimated to be 55,000 doctors actively engaged in medicine in England and Wales. In addition to these probably some 8000 to 9000 qualified doctors were not practising of whom about half had retired on grounds of ill-health or age.… In 1964 there were estimated to be 55,000 doctors actively engaged in
- [Progress in Mental Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/progress-mental-health/) - In becoming aware of the size and severity of the problems of mental illness it is easy to overlook the great strides forward which have been taken in the lifetime of many of us towards the goal which I believe we can and… In becoming aware of the size and severity of the problems of
- [Surveillance and Early Diagnosis and General Practice](https://www.ohe.org/publications/surveillance-and-early-diagnosis-and-general-practice/) - Proceedings of Colloquium held at Magdalen College, Oxford, Wednesday, 7th July, 1965 For the purpose of this meeting ‘surveillance’ was defined as describing ‘procedures aimed at the protection of individuals against chronic non-communicable diseases’. In preliminary discussions, it was clear that there were… Proceedings of Colloquium held at Magdalen College, Oxford, Wednesday, 7th July, 1965
- [Common Illness of Our Time: a Study of the Problem of Ischemic Heart Disease](https://www.ohe.org/publications/common-illness-our-time-study-problem-ischemic-heart-disease/) - In England and Wales in 1963, 187,023 deaths were certified as due to diseases of the heart. These included 154,815 deaths due to arteriosclerotic and degenerative heart disease of which 107,856 were due to arteriosclerotic heart disease, including coronary disease. Figure 1 shows… In England and Wales in 1963, 187,023 deaths were certified as due
- [Factors Which May Affect Expenditure on Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/factors-which-may-affect-expenditure-health/) - When the National Health Service was first planned it was thought that apart from the effects of inflation, its cost would remain constant over the years or perhaps even fall as effective medical care reduced the volume of ill health in the community.… When the National Health Service was first planned it was thought that
- [Science, Industry in the State](https://www.ohe.org/publications/science-industry-state/) - Based on a series of six lectures discussing some of the special considerations which arise when a science based industry has the government as a major customer in its home market, with particular reference to the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and the… Based on a series of six lectures discussing some of the special
- [Costs of Mental Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/costs-mental-care/) - Expenditure by the National Health Service in England and Wales on patients suffering mental disorders currently exceeds £130m. a year, about one-eighth of the total health services’ expenditure. This large amount spent on mental disorder is only one side of the picture. The… Expenditure by the National Health Service in England and Wales on patients
- [Local Health Services](https://www.ohe.org/publications/local-health-services/) - The structure of the National Health Service today is tripartite in form. There is the Hospital Services sector accounting for about two thirds of the total cost; there is the General Medical and Pharmaceutical Services sector, which between them account for about one… The structure of the National Health Service today is tripartite in form.
- [Residue of Poliomyelitis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/residue-poliomyelitis/) - One of the consequences of ill health which can have the profoundest social and economic effect is a legacy of chronic and permanent disability. It may arise from many different disorders, and can take as many different forms as blindness, deafness, mental sub-normality… One of the consequences of ill health which can have the profoundest
- [Work Lost through Sickness](https://www.ohe.org/publications/work-lost-through-sickness/) - In Great Britain during 1963, over 9¼m. new claims for sickness benefits were registered with the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance. A total of nearly 300m. working days were lost during the year from June, 1962 in certified spells of sickness absence.… In Great Britain during 1963, over 9¼m. new claims for sickness benefits
- [Infants at Risk](https://www.ohe.org/publications/infants-risk/) - The pattern of mortality changes as a community advances and matures. In under developed societies, mortality is greatest during the first five years of life. As the society develops, the greatest mortality occurs in the first year of life. In a community which… The pattern of mortality changes as a community advances and matures. In
- [New Frontiers in Health](https://www.ohe.org/publications/new-frontiers-health/) - A review of the incidence, impact and implications of minor and unrecognised illness in the community This booklet is about the future of medicine. It presents information about the many sick people who do not consult their doctor hoping their symptoms will evaporate, in… A review of the incidence, impact and implications of minor and unrecognised illness
- [Costs of Medical Care](https://www.ohe.org/publications/costs-medical-care/) - The cost of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom now exceeds £l,000m. per year. Ten years ago, when expenditure was less than half this amount, the cost of the Health Service was the source of continued public concern. Cost was “the… The cost of the National Health Service in the United Kingdom now
- [Finance of Medical Research](https://www.ohe.org/publications/finance-medical-research/) - The explosive progress of medical science during the past twenty-five years has brought about a revolution in the health of the community and in the problems of sickness, disability and premature death. The discovery of new medicines and the development of new medical… The explosive progress of medical science during the past twenty-five years has
- [Pattern of Diabetes](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pattern-diabetes/) - Over the past 40 years, diabetes has changed from a progressive or rapidly fatal disease in to a controlled chronic disorder with mortality confined mainly to old age. The new picture dates from the isolation of insulin by Banting and Best at Toronto… Over the past 40 years, diabetes has changed from a progressive or
- [Pharmacist in Society](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pharmacist-society/) - A feature of the development of Britain in the 19th century was the emergence of the organised professions. In medicine, law, engineering and accountancy, for example, there was the introduction or extension of formal training and minimum standards of admission. Professional qualifications restricted… A feature of the development of Britain in the 19th century was
- [Venereal Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/publications/venereal-diseases/) - The Venereal diseases are a group of infections which have in common the same means of transmission. The causative organisms are usually acquired during sexual intercourse with an infected person. The group of diseases were given their name by Jacques de Bethencourt in… The Venereal diseases are a group of infections which have in common
- [Personal Health Services: A Perspective of the General Medical & the Pharmaceutical Services](https://www.ohe.org/publications/personal-health-services-perspective-general-medical-pharmaceutical-services/) - Behind the planning of the National Health Service lay the proposition that everyone should be entitled to the services of a personal physician. For the first time a scheme of publicly provided medical care embodied this concept. The general practitioner is responsible for… Behind the planning of the National Health Service lay the proposition that
- [Price of Poliomyelitis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/price-poliomyelitis/) - The risk of permanent paralysis is the predominant feature of poliomyelitis, and the dread of disability has profoundly affected society’s attitude to the disease. In the broad medical context of disease in society, acute poliomyelitis is comparatively uncommon. Pneumonia causes over twenty times… The risk of permanent paralysis is the predominant feature of poliomyelitis, and
- [Hospital Costs in Perspective](https://www.ohe.org/publications/hospital-costs-perspective/) - Rising hospital costs have caused concern to the public, Government, and Members of Parliament ever since the start of the National Health Service. They are at present taxing the minds of those responsible for administering the hospitals as they try to contain hospital expenditure… Rising hospital costs have caused concern to the public, Government, and Members of
- [Health Services in Western Europe](https://www.ohe.org/publications/health-services-western-europe/) - Britain is not unique in having a health service. Practically every European country has accepted the provision of medical care as a community responsibility. Amongst the sixteen countries in Western Europe, only the Finns have not yet introduced an extensive compulsory pre-payment scheme… Britain is not unique in having a health service. Practically every European
- [Pneumonia in Decline](https://www.ohe.org/publications/pneumonia-decline/) - Pneumonia is a general term applied to inflammation of the lung whatever the cause. Although it may be a complication of drowning or of being caught in a burning building and inhaling smoke and gases, such cases are rare. Usually, when doctors speak… Pneumonia is a general term applied to inflammation of the lung whatever
- [Progress against Tuberculosis](https://www.ohe.org/publications/progress-against-tuberculosis/) - It is a pleasure to write a short Preface to the first booklet issued by the Office of Health Economic. For too long our attitude to the economics of medicine has been limited to a simple computation of costs without much attempt to assess the economic saving, … It is a pleasure to write a

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- [TB](https://www.ohe.org/tag/tb/)
- [Tuberculosis](https://www.ohe.org/tag/tuberculosis/)
- [Healthcare Delivery](https://www.ohe.org/tag/healthcare-delivery/)
- [Health Policy and Regulation](https://www.ohe.org/tag/health-policy-and-regulation/)
- [Healthcare Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/tag/healthcare-expenditure/)
- [NHS](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nhs/)
- [UK](https://www.ohe.org/tag/uk/)
- [Primary Care](https://www.ohe.org/tag/primary-care/)
- [Polio](https://www.ohe.org/tag/polio/)
- [Reproductive and Sexual Health](https://www.ohe.org/tag/reproductive-and-sexual-health/)
- [Injury and Trauma](https://www.ohe.org/tag/injury-and-trauma/)
- [Mortality](https://www.ohe.org/tag/mortality/)
- [Epidemiology and Public Health](https://www.ohe.org/tag/epidemiology-and-public-health/)
- [Research Funding](https://www.ohe.org/tag/research-funding/)
- [Metabolic Disorders](https://www.ohe.org/tag/metabolic-disorders/)
- [NHS Expenditure](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nhs-expenditure/)
- [Health Economics](https://www.ohe.org/tag/health-economics/)
- [Mental Health](https://www.ohe.org/tag/mental-health/)
- [Sick Leave](https://www.ohe.org/tag/sick-leave/)
- [Cardiovascular Disorders](https://www.ohe.org/tag/cardiovascular-disorders/)
- [Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/tag/innovation/)
- [Macroeconomics](https://www.ohe.org/tag/macroeconomics/)
- [UK Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/tag/uk-pharmaceutical-industry/)
- [Clinical Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/tag/clinical-outcomes/)
- [Cancer](https://www.ohe.org/tag/cancer/)
- [Diagnostics and Imaging](https://www.ohe.org/tag/diagnostics-and-imaging/)
- [Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/tag/oncology/)
- [Respiratory Disorders](https://www.ohe.org/tag/respiratory-disorders/)
- [Antibiotics](https://www.ohe.org/tag/antibiotics/)
- [Generics](https://www.ohe.org/tag/generics/)
- [Systemic Conditions](https://www.ohe.org/tag/systemic-conditions/)
- [Pharmaceutical Industry](https://www.ohe.org/tag/pharmaceutical-industry/)
- [GP Performance](https://www.ohe.org/tag/gp-performance/)
- [Quality of Care](https://www.ohe.org/tag/quality-of-care/)
- [Obesity](https://www.ohe.org/tag/obesity/)
- [Economic Evaluation](https://www.ohe.org/tag/economic-evaluation/)
- [Resource Allocation](https://www.ohe.org/tag/resource-allocation/)
- [NHS Organisation](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nhs-organisation/)
- [Determining Value](https://www.ohe.org/tag/determining-value/)
- [Muscoloskeletal](https://www.ohe.org/tag/muscoloskeletal/)
- [Competition](https://www.ohe.org/tag/competition/)
- [Disability](https://www.ohe.org/tag/disability/)
- [EU](https://www.ohe.org/tag/eu/)
- [Europe](https://www.ohe.org/tag/europe/)
- [Pricing and Reimbursement](https://www.ohe.org/tag/pricing-and-reimbursement/)
- [Dementia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/dementia/)
- [Rare and Orphan Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/tag/rare-and-orphan-diseases/)
- [Japan](https://www.ohe.org/tag/japan/)
- [US](https://www.ohe.org/tag/us/)
- [Coronary Heart Disease](https://www.ohe.org/tag/coronary-heart-disease/)
- [LMICs](https://www.ohe.org/tag/lmics/)
- [Market Access](https://www.ohe.org/tag/market-access/)
- [Wellcome Trust](https://www.ohe.org/tag/wellcome-trust/)
- [Healthcare Funding](https://www.ohe.org/tag/healthcare-funding/)
- [England](https://www.ohe.org/tag/england/)
- [AIDS/HIV](https://www.ohe.org/tag/aids-hiv/)
- [R&D Incentives](https://www.ohe.org/tag/rd-incentives/)
- [China](https://www.ohe.org/tag/china/)
- [HTA](https://www.ohe.org/tag/hta/)
- [Palliative Care](https://www.ohe.org/tag/palliative-care/)
- [Policy Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/tag/policy-analysis/)
- [Africa](https://www.ohe.org/tag/africa/)
- [BMS](https://www.ohe.org/tag/bms/)
- [France](https://www.ohe.org/tag/france/)
- [Germany](https://www.ohe.org/tag/germany/)
- [Italy](https://www.ohe.org/tag/italy/)
- [Switzerland](https://www.ohe.org/tag/switzerland/)
- [Health Inequality](https://www.ohe.org/tag/health-inequality/)
- [Australia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/australia/)
- [Canada](https://www.ohe.org/tag/canada/)
- [Central and Eastern Europe](https://www.ohe.org/tag/central-and-eastern-europe/)
- [Waiting Time](https://www.ohe.org/tag/waiting-time/)
- [Managed Care](https://www.ohe.org/tag/managed-care/)
- [NICE](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nice/)
- [Genetic](https://www.ohe.org/tag/genetic/)
- [University College London](https://www.ohe.org/tag/university-college-london/)
- [Netherlands](https://www.ohe.org/tag/netherlands/)
- [New Zealand](https://www.ohe.org/tag/new-zealand/)
- [Productivity](https://www.ohe.org/tag/productivity/)
- [Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds](https://www.ohe.org/tag/cost-effectiveness-thresholds/)
- [WHO](https://www.ohe.org/tag/who/)
- [ABPI](https://www.ohe.org/tag/abpi/)
- [Wales](https://www.ohe.org/tag/wales/)
- [Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/tag/annual-lecture/)
- [Scotland](https://www.ohe.org/tag/scotland/)
- [Orphan Drugs](https://www.ohe.org/tag/orphan-drugs/)
- [End-of-Life Care](https://www.ohe.org/tag/end-of-life-care/)
- [Sweden](https://www.ohe.org/tag/sweden/)
- [External Publications](https://www.ohe.org/tag/external-publications/)
- [EuroQol](https://www.ohe.org/tag/euroqol/)
- [EFPIA](https://www.ohe.org/tag/efpia/)
- [Cancer Research UK](https://www.ohe.org/tag/cancer-research-uk/)
- [Brazil](https://www.ohe.org/tag/brazil/)
- [Taiwan](https://www.ohe.org/tag/taiwan/)
- [UK Department of Health](https://www.ohe.org/tag/uk-department-of-health/)
- [Spain](https://www.ohe.org/tag/spain/)
- [The Netherlands](https://www.ohe.org/tag/the-netherlands/)
- [Medical Devices](https://www.ohe.org/tag/medical-devices/)
- [Universal Health Coverage](https://www.ohe.org/tag/universal-health-coverage/)
- [UAE](https://www.ohe.org/tag/uae/)
- [Indication-Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/tag/indication-based-pricing/)
- [Multi-Indication Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/tag/multi-indication-medicines/)
- [Indonesia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/indonesia/)
- [Myanmar](https://www.ohe.org/tag/myanmar/)
- [NICE International](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nice-international/)
- [Pfizer](https://www.ohe.org/tag/pfizer/)
- [Asia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/asia/)
- [Oxford AHSN](https://www.ohe.org/tag/oxford-ahsn/)
- [RAND](https://www.ohe.org/tag/rand/)
- [Mexico](https://www.ohe.org/tag/mexico/)
- [PhRMA](https://www.ohe.org/tag/phrma/)
- [Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)](https://www.ohe.org/tag/institute-for-clinical-and-economic-review/)
- [NIHR](https://www.ohe.org/tag/nihr/)
- [South Korea](https://www.ohe.org/tag/south-korea/)
- [AstraZeneca](https://www.ohe.org/tag/astrazeneca/)
- [International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers (IFPMA)](https://www.ohe.org/tag/international-federation-of-pharmaceutical-manufacturers-ifpma/)
- [Roche](https://www.ohe.org/tag/roche/)
- [IQVIA](https://www.ohe.org/tag/iqvia/)
- [Gilead](https://www.ohe.org/tag/gilead/)
- [Sanofi](https://www.ohe.org/tag/sanofi/)
- [Biogen](https://www.ohe.org/tag/biogen/)
- [Centre for Global Development](https://www.ohe.org/tag/centre-for-global-development/)
- [Pricing Transparency](https://www.ohe.org/tag/pricing-transparency/)
- [Johnson and Johnson](https://www.ohe.org/tag/johnson-and-johnson/)
- [Dignity in Dying](https://www.ohe.org/tag/dignity-in-dying/)
- [Eli Lilly](https://www.ohe.org/tag/eli-lilly/)
- [Meningitis](https://www.ohe.org/tag/meningitis/)
- [Czech Republic](https://www.ohe.org/tag/czech-republic/)
- [Ireland](https://www.ohe.org/tag/ireland/)
- [Norway](https://www.ohe.org/tag/norway/)
- [Poland](https://www.ohe.org/tag/poland/)
- [Thailand](https://www.ohe.org/tag/thailand/)
- [Amgen](https://www.ohe.org/tag/amgen/)
- [Novartis](https://www.ohe.org/tag/novartis/)
- [Merck](https://www.ohe.org/tag/merck/)
- [Multi-Indication Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/tag/multi-indication-therapies/)
- [Denmark](https://www.ohe.org/tag/denmark/)
- [Takeda](https://www.ohe.org/tag/takeda/)
- [Alzheimer's](https://www.ohe.org/tag/alzheimer/)
- [Dermatology](https://www.ohe.org/tag/dermatology/)
- [Gene therapies](https://www.ohe.org/tag/gene-therapies/)
- [Israel](https://www.ohe.org/tag/israel/)
- [Saudi Arabia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/saudi-arabia/)
- [Value based pricing](https://www.ohe.org/tag/value-based-pricing/)
- [Quality of Life](https://www.ohe.org/tag/quality-of-life/)
- [Cervical Cancer](https://www.ohe.org/tag/cervical-cancer/)
- [Healthcare System Pressure (HCSP)](https://www.ohe.org/tag/healthcare-system-pressure-hcsp/)
- [Care-givers](https://www.ohe.org/tag/care-givers/)
- [Drug Shortages](https://www.ohe.org/tag/drug-shortages/)
- [Supply of Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/tag/supply-of-medicine/)
- [Societal preferences](https://www.ohe.org/tag/societal-preferences/)
- [Diversity of Supply](https://www.ohe.org/tag/diversity-of-supply/)
- [Health System Resiliency](https://www.ohe.org/tag/health-system-resiliency/)
- [Budget Impact Analysis](https://www.ohe.org/tag/budget-impact-analysis/)
- [Broader value and societal perspective in HTA](https://www.ohe.org/tag/broader-value-and-societal-perspective-in-hta/)
- [Presentations](https://www.ohe.org/tag/presentations/)
- [Inflation Reduction Act](https://www.ohe.org/tag/inflation-reduction-act/)
- [Spotlight on OHE](https://www.ohe.org/tag/spotlight-on-ohe/)
- [Webinar](https://www.ohe.org/tag/webinar/)
- [News Releases](https://www.ohe.org/tag/news-releases/)
- [Briefing](https://www.ohe.org/tag/briefing/)
- [Risk-Sharing Arrangements](https://www.ohe.org/tag/risk-sharing-arrangements/)
- [Research Papers](https://www.ohe.org/tag/research-papers/)
- [Consulting Reports](https://www.ohe.org/tag/consulting-reports/)
- [Events](https://www.ohe.org/tag/events/)
- [60th Anniversary](https://www.ohe.org/tag/60th-anniversary/)
- [Commentary](https://www.ohe.org/tag/commentary/)
- [Around the World in HTAs](https://www.ohe.org/tag/around-the-world-in-htas/)
- [India](https://www.ohe.org/tag/india/)
- [Egypt](https://www.ohe.org/tag/egypt/)
- [Slovak Republic](https://www.ohe.org/tag/slovak-republic/)
- [Greece](https://www.ohe.org/tag/greece/)
- [Plant-based](https://www.ohe.org/tag/plant-based/)
- [Commission](https://www.ohe.org/tag/commission/)
- [Grants](https://www.ohe.org/tag/grants/)
- [Monograph](https://www.ohe.org/tag/monograph/)
- [Türkiye](https://www.ohe.org/tag/turkiye/)
- [Seminar Briefing](https://www.ohe.org/tag/seminar-briefing/)
- [50th Anniversary](https://www.ohe.org/tag/50th-anniversary/)
- [Vaccines](https://www.ohe.org/tag/vaccines/)
- [Preferences](https://www.ohe.org/tag/preferences/)
- [Acute leukaemia](https://www.ohe.org/tag/acute-leukaemia/)

## Event Types

- [Masterclass](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/masterclass/)
- [Commissioned Webinar](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/commissioned-webinar/)
- [Seminar](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/seminar/)
- [OHE Webinar](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/ohe-webinar/)
- [Sponsored Webinar](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/sponsored-webinar/)
- [Annual Lecture](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/annual-lecture/)
- [Award Ceremony](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/award-ceremony/)
- [Event](https://www.ohe.org/event-type/event/)

## Job Titles

- [Editorial Panel](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/editorial-panel/)
- [Senior Visiting Fellow](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/senior-visiting-fellow/)
- [Business Executive](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/business-executive/)
- [Director](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/director/)
- [Personal Assistant to the Chief Executive](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/personal-assistant-to-the-chief-executive/)
- [Information Specialist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/information-specialist/)
- [Associate Director](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/associate-director/)
- [Senior Principal Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/senior-principal-economist/)
- [Chief Executive](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/chief-executive/)
- [Chief Research Officer](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/chief-research-officer/)
- [Head of Education](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/head-of-education/)
- [Deputy Chief Executive](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/deputy-chief-executive/)
- [Visiting Fellow](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/visiting-fellow/)
- [Principal Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/principal-economist/)
- [Senior Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/senior-economist/)
- [Director of External Affairs](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/director-of-external-affairs/)
- [Director of Marketing and Communications](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/director-of-marketing-and-communications/)
- [Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/economist/)
- [Trustee](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/trustee/)
- [Research Committee](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/research-committee/)
- [Policy Committee](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/policy-committee/)
- [Associate Principal Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/associate-principal-economist/)
- [Team PA and Project Coordinator](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/team-pa-and-project-coordinator/)
- [Senior Digital Marketing Officer](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/senior-digital-marketing-officer/)
- [Fellow](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/fellow/)
- [Graduate Economist](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/graduate-economist/)
- [Media & PR Officer](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/media-pr-officer/)
- [External Engagement Officer](https://www.ohe.org/job-title/external-engagement-officer/)

## Publication Types

- [Series on Health](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/series-on-health/) - Series on Health is a series of monographs authored by external or in-house experts on the subject of health.
- [Monograph](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/monograph/) - Monographs are authored by external or in-house experts on a wide variety of topics.
- [Early Diagnosis Series](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/early-diagnosis-series/) - Early Diagnosis Series is a series of monographs authored by external or in-house experts on the subject of early diagnosis.
- [Briefing](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/briefing/) - Briefings report OHE research and, on occasion, that of other experts.
- [Occasional Paper](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/occasional-paper/) - Occasional Papers report the results of OHE’s research programme that may not be intended for publication in peer reviewed journals.
- [Contract Research](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/contract-research/) - Contract Research reports are the public domain output of consultancy projects that are published with the clients permission when the content is of interest to a wide audience.
- [Seminar Briefing](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/seminar-briefing/) - Seminar Briefings are concise summaries of the presentations and discussions at seminars and conferences organised by OHE.
- [Grant-Funded Research](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/grant-funded-research/) - Research Papers are the results of OHE’s grant-funded research programmes intended to promote discussion and provide information prior to publication in a peer reviewed journal
- [For Schools](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/for-schools/) - For School – historically the OHE website included a popular interactive e-source, The Economics of Health Care, focusing on the UK and aimed at post-16 students of economic courses. Because the details of how the NHS is organised have changed considerably, we have moved this material to this archive
- [Whitepaper](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/whitepaper/) - Whitepapers contain a mix of original OHE research and policy recommendations. They can be funded through a range of sources but will include some OHE core funding alongside consultancy or grants.
- [Long-acting therapies](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/long-acting-therapies/)
- [Health Care Financing](https://www.ohe.org/publication_type/health-care-financing/)

## Themes

- [Economics of Innovation](https://www.ohe.org/theme/economics-of-innovation/) - Economics of innovation examines how investment, incentives, and R&D drive healthcare advances, aiming to reduce costs, speed patient benefit and maximise value
- [Measuring and Valuing Outcomes](https://www.ohe.org/theme/measuring-and-valuing-outcomes/) - We lead research on measuring and valuing outcomes, promoting patient-relevant results at the heart of health and social care funding decisions.
- [Policy, Organisation and Incentives in Health Systems](https://www.ohe.org/theme/policy-organisation-and-incentives-in-health-systems/) - Health system policies should incentivise high-quality, cost-effective care, improving population health, sustainability, and responsiveness to patients’ needs.
- [Value, Affordability, and Decision Making](https://www.ohe.org/theme/value-affordability-and-decision-making/) - Efficient healthcare budgeting requires assessing interventions’ effects and value for money, with funding decisions guided by structured, evidence-based processes.

## Topics

- [Health Care Systems](https://www.ohe.org/topic/health-care-systems/) - Health care systems organise the financing and delivery of care, varying by country, and must adapt to changing demographics, needs, and technologies.
- [Health Data and Statistics](https://www.ohe.org/topic/health-data-statistics/) - Health statistics help track diseases, monitor risk factors, assess care quality and safety, and evaluate the impact of health policies on communities.
- [Drug Development/R&D](https://www.ohe.org/topic/drug-development-rd/) - New drug development improves patient and societal outcomes, but costly R&D requires balancing innovation incentives with affordable access for health systems.
- [Real World Evidence (RWE)](https://www.ohe.org/topic/real-world-evidence-rwe/) - Real-world evidence (RWE) is collected outside controlled studies and can reduce uncertainty and support healthcare decisions.
- [Emerging Markets](https://www.ohe.org/topic/emerging-markets/) - Emerging markets face unique challenges in accessing medicines and medical technologies.
- [Vaccines](https://www.ohe.org/topic/vaccines/) - Vaccines are a major public health achievement, providing health benefits to individuals and broader social and economic advantages for society.
- [Biosimilars](https://www.ohe.org/topic/biosimilars/) - Biosimilars are highly similar to branded biologics but not identical. They can improve access, increase competition, and help reduce healthcare costs.
- [Dementia](https://www.ohe.org/topic/dementia/) - Dementia is a progressive condition affecting memory, thinking, and daily functioning, creating health, social, and economic challenges for patients and carers.
- [Health Technology Assessment (HTA)](https://www.ohe.org/topic/health-technology-assessment-hta/) - Health Technology Assessment (HTA) evaluates a technology’s value for healthcare decisions, with global approaches varying from rigorous methods to minimal use.
- [Cell and Gene Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/topic/cell-and-gene-therapies/) - Cell and gene therapies deliver major clinical benefits but are costly and launch with limited evidence.
- [Value-Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/topic/value-based-pricing/) - Value-Based Pricing (VBP) links the price of a treatment to the value it delivers for patients, healthcare systems, and society across different uses.
- [EQ-5D and PROMs](https://www.ohe.org/topic/eq-5d-and-proms/) - Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), like the EQ-5D, assess individual health status across five dimensions to evaluate the impact of interventions.
- [Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)](https://www.ohe.org/topic/antimicrobial-resistance-amr/) - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. New market incentives aim to boost innovation and support health system.
- [Precision Medicine](https://www.ohe.org/topic/precision-medicine/) - Precision medicine customises treatments based on genetics, environment, and lifestyle, targeting causes, and reducing side effects for patients.
- [Combination Therapies](https://www.ohe.org/topic/combination-therapies/) - Combination therapies use multiple medicines together or in sequence, offering promise for research but posing economic and cost-effectiveness challenges.
- [Indication-Based Pricing](https://www.ohe.org/topic/indication-based-pricing/) - Indication-based pricing (IBP) allows medicine prices to vary by indication, helping health systems capture value as more drugs target multiple/new indications.
- [Use of Medicines](https://www.ohe.org/topic/use-of-medicines/) - Medicines treat or relieve diseases, supporting longer, healthier lives, with sustainable access providing health and economic benefits to communities.
- [COVID-19 Research](https://www.ohe.org/topic/covid-19-research/) - COVID-19 continues to pose challenges, including vaccine and antiviral research, long COVID impacts, and access issues in low- and middle-income countries.
- [Chronic Diseases](https://www.ohe.org/topic/chronic-diseases/) - Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions with remission and relapse, driving rising health, social, and economic costs and straining healthcare systems.
- [Digital Health](https://www.ohe.org/topic/digital-health/) - Digital health supports prevention and treatment, with health economics helping assess value and address digital care challenges.
- [Sustainability](https://www.ohe.org/topic/sustainability/) - Sustainable healthcare policies reduce waste and pollution and support population health.
- [Prevention](https://www.ohe.org/topic/prevention/) - Prevention is widely valued but underfunded. It can lower healthcare costs, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the burden on health systems.
- [Innovation Policy Prize](https://www.ohe.org/topic/innovation-policy-prize/)
- [Carer QoL](https://www.ohe.org/topic/carer-qol/) - Carer quality of life (QoL) reflects the physical, emotional and financial impact of caregiving.
- [Oncology](https://www.ohe.org/topic/oncology/) - Oncology focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, with advances in therapies improving patient outcomes.